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Usool Ul Hadees Malayalam
Usool Ul Hadees Malayalam
Usool Ul Hadees Malayalam
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D-Sw
lZokv \ntj[ {]h-W-X-I
Fw sF apl-Zen kpan
lZokv \ntj-[-n-eqsS Ckvem-ans\s \ntj-[n-m
km[n-p-sa FXn-cm-fn-I-fpsS X{s apkvenw ]nX-m ]p-ap-Xte sNdp-p-t]m-n-p-v.
athouheed@gmail.com
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Advisors
Prof. P Muhammed kuttassery
Dr. E K Ahmed Kutty
Dr. P K Hussain Madavoor
Chief Editor
C P Umer sullami
Executive Editors
Abdul Jabbar Trippanachi
K P Zakariyya
Members
Dr. P P Abdul Haque
Dr. Jamaludheen Farooqui
C A Saeed Farooqui
I P Abdussalam
12
27
32
F A_vZp-emw kpan
k\Zpw aXv\pw Hcp-t]mse Ip-a--Xm-bn-o-cp-tm am{Xta
lZokv \_n-N-cy-bmbn nc-s-Sp-I-bp-q.
54
Sn ]n Fw dm^n
kuc-bq-Y-n Poh ]cn-e-kn-p Htc-sbmcp {Klw
`qan-bm-Wv. Fp-sImv?
64
AUz. F DatImb
YGh dG gCG
Au-loZv
! 3 !
......................................................................70
FUn-tm-dn-b
kn ]n Da kpan
{]am-W
- f
- n-tev aS-pI
tI-c-f-n-se ap-kv-enw-I-sf kw-_-n-t-S-tm-fw X--fp-sS N-cn-{X-ns Z-im-k-n-I-fn- \n-c-h-[n D-m-\-]-X-\-- I-gn-p-t]m-bn-p-v.
{]-Xm-]-n-s D-pw-K-X-bpw A-[:n-Xn-bp-sS B-g-hpw A-h- A-\p-`hn-n-p-v. ]-sm-]Xmw \q-m-v ap-gp-h-\pw C-cp-]-Xmw \q-m-n-s
BZy-Z-i-I-fpw tIcf apkvenw-I-fpsS Ccp-f-S Im-e-L--am-bn-cp-p
F--Xv A-Xn-i-tbm-n-b-. Hu-]-Nm-cn-I hn-Zym-e-b--fn- apkvenw-I
X-fpsS a--sf tN--m-dn-. am-Xr-`m-j, Cw-o-jv C-h-sbm-pw A-dn-bn-.
A--c-m-\w t]m-ep-an-. hn-ip- Izp--B- hm-bn-m- ]-Tn-p-I-bpw AXn-\p-th-n A-d-_n A--c-- A-`y-kn-p-I-bpw sN-p-I F--Xm-bn-cp-p
Ah-cpsS ]-c-am-h-[n hn-Zym-`ym-kw. s]m-Xp-k-aq-l-n- \n-v H--s-v H-cp-Xcw A-]-I--j-tm-sS Po-hn-p- H-cp ]m--iz-h-Xv-Ir-X k-aq-l-am-bn-cp-p apkv-enw-I-.
`u-Xn-I-am-bpw km-aq-ln-I-am-bpw C-Xm-bn-cp-p n-Xn-sb-n- A-h-cp-sS aX-]-c-am-b \n-e-hm-cw C-Xn-t\m ]-cn-Xm-]-I-c-am-bn-cp-p. sN-dp--n- Izp-B- ]m-cm-b-Ww ]-Tn-n--s-n-cp-p .A-Xn-\m- A-d-_n A--c-a-dn-bmw. kmt-Xn-I-am-bn km--c-X-bp-s-p-am-{Xw. tI-h-e ]m-cm-b-W-n-e-p-dw Izp-B- F-s-v a-\-n-em-n-bn-n-. A-d-_n a-e-bm-f en-]n-bn- F-gp-X-s- ame-m-p-I-fpw In--m-p-I-fpw Nn-e Io---\-Im-hy--fpw Po-hn-X N-cy-bm-bn
sIm-p-\-S-p. Izp--B- _---n-\p-am-{Xw Hm-Xpw. \m-p-\-S-p-I-fpw ]m-c-cy--fpw am-{X-am-Wv {]-am-W--. a-X-hn-Zym-`ym-kw Z--kp-I-fn- ]-cn-an-X-ambn. I--a-im-kv-{X-n-se G-Xm-\pw {K--- N--hn-X-N--h-Ww sN-p--Xn-\p-dw "]-n-X-m-'p-t]m-epw D-b-cm- I-gn-n-. a-Zv-l-_o ]--]m-Xn-Xzw
ap-J-ap-{Z-bm-bn-cp-p-sh-n-epw au-en-I-am-bn a-Zv-l-_p-I- F-m-sW-p-t]m-epw
A-dn-bn-. Np-cp--n- hn-ip- Izp--B- C-kv-em-an-s {]-am-W-am-sW-v Xncn--dn-bm- H-c-h- \-p-sS k-aq-l-n-\p-m-bn-cp-p. kp--v A-Y-hm \_n-N-cy F-s-v, ]-n-X-sc-v P-\-- ]-d-bp--h--p-t]m-epw A-dn-bp-ambn-cp-n-. Cu A-Sn-m-\ Im-c-W-m--X-s ap-kv-enw D--n-s b-Ym--Y
C--v(-{]-Xm-]w) ap-kv-enw-I--v \-jv-S-s-p.
ap-kv-enw D--n-s ]-Xn-Xm-h--bp-sS aq-e-Im-c-Ww Xn-cn--dn- Nn-e alm-a-\o-jn-I- A-h--n-S-bn- C-kzv-em-ln-\p th-n, A-Y-hm A-h-sc b-Ym-Y C-kv-em-an-I ]m-X-bn-te-p-b--n-sm-p-h-cm- {i-aw Xp-S-n. \-thm-mAu-loZv
! 4 !
! 5 !
Ym-n-Xn-I-X-bv-m-bn-. Izp--B-\pw \-_n-N-cybpw ]-Tn-p a-\-n-em-n-b e---W-v D-Xv-_p-cm-b Bfp-I tI-c-f-n- h-f--p-h-p. lZo-kn- A-h-Km-lw t\-Sn-b ]-n-X--am-cp-mbn. {]-am-W-tbm-Ky-am-b l-Zo-kp-I-fpw {]-am-W
tbm-Ky-a-m--h-bpw F--s\-bm-Wv th--Xn-cn-s-Sp--sX-v km-[m-c-W-m--t]m-epw km-am-\yam-bn D--sm-p. hn-ip- Izp--B-\pw {]-am-Wtbm-Ky-am-b l-Zo-kp-I-fpw(kz-lo-lv) B-Wv Ckvem-an- {]-am-W-sa- t_m-[yw A-h--p-m-bn.
kzn-lm-lp-n- A-Y-hm B-dv kz-lo-lv {K-- A-h---dn-bmw. {]m-_-ey-n- an-I-p-\n-p--Xv _p-Jm-cn-bpw ap-kv-en-ap-am-sW-pw Ah- c-p-t]-cpw H-cp-an-p--cn- "ap--^-Izp- Asse-ln'bm-Wv G--hpw {]-_-e-sa-pw A-h- Xncn--dn-p.
F-m- I-d-I-f- t\-cn-s Iq-sS A--[-kXy-- Iq-Sn--e--v Xn-cn--dn-hv \-jv-S-s-Sp-I
kzm-`m-hn-I-am-Wv. Izp--B- I-gn-m- {]-am-Ww
_p-Jm-cn, ]n-s ap-kv-enw F-o {K---fm-sWv F--s\-tbm H-cp [m-c-W k-aq-l-n- I-Sp-Iq-Sn. a-Zv-l-_p-I-sf X-Izv-eo-Zv (A--am-b A\p-I-c-Ww) sN-p--Xv am-n _p-Jm-cn-sb-tbm apkv-en-an-s\-tbm X-Izv-eo-Zv sN-p-I-bm-Wv th--sXm-Wv Nn-e-cp-sS-sb-n-epw [m-c-W. b-Ym--Y-n, \-_n-N-cy Ip--a- co-Xn-bn- ]n--m-e-m-s-n-p-sIm-Sp-m--th-n B-bp-jv-m-ew sNe-h-gn--h-cm-Wv B a-l-p--. A-hp-c-sS Is--ep-I-fn-epw A-]m-I-X-I- kw-`-hn-mw. Fm- A-]m-I-X-sb--s\ I-s-m-sa-v A-h \-s ]-Tn-n-n-p-v. _p-Jm-cn-bpw ap-kv-en-apw
D--cn--h-bp--s-sS l-Zo-kp-I-fn- {]-am-W-tbmKy-a-m- Nn-e-Xp-v F-v I-s-n-b-Xpw alm-]-n-X-m- X-s-bm-Wv. A-h-cn- H-cm-fmWv B-[p-\n-I Im-e-v Po-hn- ssi-Jv \m-kzn-dpo- A--_m-\n. \n--`m-Ky-h-im- Cu A--_m\n-sb Nn-e- X-Izv-eo-Zv sNm Xp-S-n. A-_m\n-bp-tSXv A-h-km-\-hm-m-bn I-W-m-n A-h. X-Izv-eo-Zv Po-hn-X-n- \n-sm-gn-hm-n Izp-B-\n-s-bpw \-_n-N-cy-bp-sS-bpw ]m-X-bn-te-v IS-p-h--h-cn- \n-m-Wv Cu A-`n-\h X-Izv-eo-Zv
D-S-se-Sp-p--Xv.
Np-cp--n- \-_n-N-cy(-l-Zo-kv) \-p-sS cm-a-s {]-am-W-am-Wv. A-Xv t{Im-Uo-I-cn--s-Xv {]-hm-N-I hn-tbm-Km-\--c-am-b-Xn-\m-epw hnip- Izp--B-\n-s\-tm-se A-{]-am-Zn-Xzw A-Xns t{Im-Uo-I-c-W-n-\n-m--Xn-\m-epw A-Xn-
{]-_-e-am-b-Xpw Zp--_-e-am-b-Xpw I-t-mw. AXv th--Xn-cn-s-Sp-m-\p- am--K-n- ap-kv-enw
temI-n-s C-Pv-am-Av D-v. A-u-lo-Zv Cu
e--n-se I-h--tm-dn Cu hn-j-b-am-n-b-Xv
k---t`m-Nn-X-hpw {]-tbm-P-\{]Z-hpw B-hp-sa-v
{]-Xo-n-p-p.
"
apJ-mgvN
]n apl- Zv Ip- t cn
\thm-m\ Nn
hgn-am-dp-Itbm?
tI
! 6 !
b-v l-Zo-kv a-p ap-A--am-b A-kv-am-Av C-h-sIm-v a-{w sN-epw D-dp-v F-gp-Xn-s--epw ]n-m-Ww F-gp-Xn-sm-Sp--epw shw, \q-ev ap-X-em-b-h a-{n-v sI--epw _p--Z Hm-Xn a-{n--epw'
a-Xm-\p-kr-X-am-sWpw C-h in--m-sW-p ]-d-bp--h- J-o-_v
Jm-Zn-m-\-n-\v sIm-m--h-cm-sW-pw Xo-cp-am-\n-p-p' F-v
tc-J-s-Sp-n-b-Xm-bn Im-Wmw. C-h-bp-am-bn _--s-v A-v \ne-hn-ep-m-bn-cp- A--hn-izm-k-- X-s-bm-Wv tlm-aw, D-gn-n, sN-Ip-m- Iq-S-, sN-Ip-m-t\-dv, C-f-In--d-b- _m-[-tbev-]n--, _m-[-bn-d--, Pn-v Iq-S-, Pn-v tk-h, I-W-v t\m-, {]-iv-\w sh--, am-c-Ww sN--, am-c-W-ap-n t\-S-, IqtSm-{Xw Xp-S-n-b-h-sb-mw. Pn-n-epw ssi-m-\n-ep-ap- A-hn-izm-k--fp-am-bn _--s--h-bm-Wv C-h-sb-mw Fv ]dbmw.
apkvenw \thm-m\ \mb-I-m AZr-iy-Im-cy-- A-m-lphn-\pw A-h- A-dn-bn-p sIm-Sp-p- {]-hm-N-I-m--pw am-{X-ta
A-dn-bp-I-bp-p-sh-pw, A-Zr-iy-am--K-n-eq-sS a-\p-jy-\v `u-Xn-Iam-bn D-]-{Z-hw sN-m- Pn-n-\pw ssi-m-\pw I-gn-hv sIm-Sp-nn-s-pw a-\p-jy-a-\-n- Zp-jv-Nn--I-fpw Zp--hn-Im-c--fpw kr-jvSn-v A-h-s\ h-gn-]n-g-n-p-I F- I-gn-hv am-{X-am-Wv ]n-im-Nn-\v Am-lp \-ev-In-bn-p--sX-pw P-\--sf ]-d-p t_m-[y-s-Sp-n.
Pn-v a-\p-jy-\n- Iq-Sp-sa-p-Xpw K--`- in-ip-hn-s\ X-n-sb-Spp-sa-p-ap--sX-mw X-\n A--hn-izm-k--fm-sW-pw A-h- in-bp-w hm-Zn-p. sN-Ip-m- _m-[, Pn-v Iq-S- Xp-S-n-b-hsb-mw Nn-e am-\-kn-I tcm-K--fm-sW-pw A-h- k-a--Yn-p. sshZy-im-kv-{X-]-c-hpw a-\-m-kv-{X-]-c-hpamb i-cn-bm-b Nn-In-m co-XnI- kzo-I-cn-m- A-h- B-lzm-\w sN-bv-Xp.
F-m- ap-kv-enw-I-fn- \-thm-m-\w kr-jv-Sn-m-\pw A--hnizm-k--fpw A-\m-Nm-c--fpw Zq-co-I-cn-m-\pw Xym-Kw sN-bv-X alm-]-n-X-cp-sS ]n--Km-an-I-fn- Nn-e- A-v \-thm-m-\ \m-bI-m-sc F-Xn--p k-aq-l-n- A--hn-izm-k-- D-d-n-p-\n-m- Hm-Xn-bn-cp- l-Zo-kp-I-sf-mw Hm-Xn B hn-izm-k---v
]p-\:kr-jv-Sn- \-ev-Im- {i-an-p-I-bm-Wv. ssi-Jp- A-kv-l- Xp-dp-]-d- H-cp k-Xyw C-hn-sS {i-n-t--Xp-v. ]q--h-Im-e ]n-X-m-cn- Nn-e- P-\---n-S-bn- {]-Nm-c-n-ep-m-bn-cp-
[m-c-W-I-fp-sS i-cn-sX-p-I- ]-cn-tim-[n-m-sX A-h-bp-sS a-X-hn[n-I- {]-kv-Xm-hn-n-p-v. A--s\-bm-Wv Pn-v a-\p-jy-kv-{Xo-bp-ambn ssew-Kn-I _-w ]p-e--p--Xm-bn _--s- hn-j-b--
A-h- N-- sN-bv-X-Xv. A--s\ Pn-pw a-\p-jy-kv-{Xo-bpw X-n _-w ]p-e--p-tam F Imcyw Ah ]cn-tim-[-\bvv hnt[b-amn bn-. l-Zo-kp-I-fp-sS Im-cy-n-epw C--s\ A-h-bp-sS kml-N-cy-- ]-cn-tim-[n-m-sX-bpw B-i-b-- i-cn-v {K-ln-msX-bpw P-\---n-S-bn- \n-e-hn-ep- hn-izm-k--fp-sS-bpw B-Nmc--fp-sS-bpw A-Sn-m-\-n- _m-ly-cq-]w am-{Xw ]-cm-a--in-v hymJym-\n--epw hn-[n-I-fpw X-Xz--fpw I-p-]n-Sn-p-epw \-S-n-p-v.
C-Xv Xn-cn--dn--h-cm-bn-cp-p \-thm-m-\ \m-b-I-m-. A-h--v
e-`n-m- H-cp ]p-Xn-b l-Zo-kv A-h-cp-sS ]n--Km-an-I--m--pw
e-`n-n-n-. A-Zr-iy-kr-jv-Sn-I-sf-bpw A-Zr-iy-am-b \n-e-v A-h a\p-jy--v sN-p- tZm-j--sf-bpw kw-_-n-v ln-p--fp-sS hnizm-k--fpw B-Nm-c--fpw ]-e-cpw ap-kv-enw-I-fn-te-v I-S-p-Iq-Snb-Xm-bn Im-Wmw. hy-Xym-kw t]-cp-I-fn- am-{Xw.
l-Zo-kp-I-sf sX-m-bn hym-Jym-\n-v Xu-lo-Zn-\v hn-cp--am-b Bi-b--fpw A--hn-izm-k--fpw {]-N-cn-n-p--Xn-s\-Xn-cn- Pm-{KX ]p-e--t--Xv A-\n-hm-cy-am-Wv.
#
Au-loZv
! 7 !
Ip-I
]T-\mlw, ]t....
Au-loZv2011 \hw-_Un-kw-_ e-ns I
htmdn ]T-\ml-am-bn-cp-p. Xo{h-hm-Z-n-s cv
ssIh-gn-I hnh-cn--s-n-cn-p-p. aX-ns t]cn
Xo{h-hm-Zhpw `oI-c-{]-h-\-fpw \S-m {ianp
Hcp \yq\m\yq\-]--ns ZpjvsN-bvXn-I sam
w aX-hn-izmknIv Zpjvt]cp-m-p-p. Nne apkv
enw \ma-[m-cn-I sNp Btem-N\mcln-X-amb Imcy-fpsS t]cn Ckvemw aXhpw apkvenw kap-Zm-bhpw
{]Xn-q-n \n-s-SpI km[m-c-W-am-Wv. Fm aXhn-izm-kn-In-Sbnepw Ccw H-s {]h-\-
Dm-bn-sm-n-cn-p-p-v. Fm sNbvX-htcm B
tcm-]n--s-Sp--htcm apkvenw t]cphsc-n "Ckv
eman-I `o-Ic-X' F-v ]-d-m-t-]n-p- {]-h-W-XbmWv s]m-Xp-sh aoUn-b kzo-I-cn-n-cn-p-Xv. Cu-sbm-cp
k-ao-]-\-n-\v a-dp]-Sn \-Ip-I A-\n-hm-cy-amWv. Cu Zu
Xyw \n--h-ln-n-p-s-nepw A-u-loZv Du-nb-Xv Xo{h-hm-Z-n-s a-sm-cp ssIh-gn-bn-emWv. AY-hm a-X-`n-bp-sS t]-cn- a-Xm-N-c-W-n-se Xo-{h-\n-e-]mSpw ap-K-W-\m-{I-aw {i-n-m-sX A-\p-hm-Z-- A-\n-hm-cyX-bp-sS m-\w I-ev-]n-p- {]-h-W-Xbpw te-J-I-m-
Xpd-v Im-nb-Xv ]-T-\m--l-ambn.
aX-`-n-bpsS thj-n aX-Xo-{h-hmZw F F
A_vZp-emw kp-an-bpsS teJ\w "Aan-X-am-bm `
nbpw hnjw' F hkvXpX hnfn-tm-Xp-p. Izp-B\nsebpw \_n-N-cy-bn-sebpw Iev]\m\ntcm-[
-- , {]iv\ns Kuc-hhpw k`-ns {]m[m-\yhpw ap kmlN-cy-fpw Dt]m-Zv_-eI sXfn-hp-Ifpw hp-sIm-v, \nZm\-imkv{X]-n-X-m Am-bn- Xn-cn-n-p-v. \n_
w, \njn-w, sFOn-Iw, A\-`n-e-j-Wo-bw, A\p-h-Z\obw Fn-h-bm-W-Xv, (hm-Pn-_v, ldmw, apkvX-l-v, Idml-v, ap_m-lv). Fm aXm-N-c-W-n AXn-cp-I-hn
Nne Xo{h-a-\-n-Xn-m Chsb \n_-nepw
ldm-anepw HXp-n-bXv teJ-I tkmZm-l-cWw Nqnm-Wn-Xv \m-bn-p-v. hkvXpXI Xa-kvI-cn-psImtm Adn-hn-m-bva-sImtm Nne kp-mb
Imcy--fn \n_ Imcy--sf-tmse ISpw-]n-Spw
]nSn- p- - X p- a qew Ckv e m- a n- s \- sX- mbn a\- n- e m-
Au-loZv
! 8 !
Ihtmdn
kn A_vZpP-m
\_n-Ncy
Ckvem-anI {]amWw
hn-ip- Izp--B- k-aq-l-Po-hn-X-n-s k-hn-ti-j-am-b k---`---\p-k-cn-v Ip-td-s A-h-X-cn-n-p-I-bpw A-h-Xo--W-am-b-Xv {]hm-N-I- P-\--sf ]-Tn-n-p-I-bpw ]-Tn--Xv B k-aq-lw Po-hn-Xn- ]-I--p-I-bpw sN-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p. h-gn-Im-n-bm-b Cu {Kw A-h-X-c-Ww ]q--n-bm-Ip-tm-tg-v H-cp am-Xr-Im k-aq-lw {]hm-N-I-s Iq-sS cq-]-s-p-I-gn-n-cp-p. C--s\ H-cp hn--hw Ncn-{X-n- th-sd-bn-.
am
! 9 !
C-\n-bp- a-\p-jy-cp-sS h-gn-Im-n-bpw Po-hn-Xn-s A-Sn-m-\ {]-am-W tc-J-bpw Cu {K-am-Wv. Xo---bm-bpw Cu-Izp--B- G--hpw i-cnbm-b-Xn-te-v h-gn Im-Wn-p-I-bpw k-Xv-I--a- {]-h--n-p- k-Xy-hn-izm-kn-I--v h-en-b
{]-Xn-^-e-ap-v F- kp-hn-ti-j-a-dn-bn-p-I-bpw
sN-p-p(17:19,20). a-\p-jy-sc, A-h-cp-sS c-n-Xmhn-s A-\p-a-Xn-{]-Im-cw, C-cp-p-I-fn- \n-v shfn--n-te-v sIm-p-h-cp-hm--th-n \n-\-v Ah-X-cn-n-p X-n-p- {K--am-Wn-Xv. (14:11). Npcp--n- hn-ip- Izp--B- tem-I-cp-sS h-gn-Imn-bpw {]-am-W-tc-J-bp-am-Wv.
hn-ip- Izp--B- F- {]-am-W-tc-J {]-hm-NI-v A-m-lp F-n-p-sIm-Sp-Xv N-cn-{X-n Xp-ey-X-bn-m- H-cp {]-tXy-I co-Xn-bn-em-Wv.
C-cp-]-n-aq-v h--jw-sIm-m-Wv A-Xn-s A-hX-c-Ww ]q--n-bm-b-Xv. F-gp-Xn ]q--n-bm-m-
Zo--L-Im-e-sa-Sp- \n-c-h-[n {K--- tem-I-Ncn-{X-n- F-m `m-j-I-fn-ep-ap-m-hpw. F-m-
hn-ip- Izp--B- k-aq-l-Po-hn-X-n-s k-hn-tij-am-b k---`----\p-k-cn-v Ip-td-s A-h-Xcn-n-p-I-bpw A-h-Xo--W-am-b-Xv {]-hm-N-I- P\--sf ]-Tn-n-p-I-bpw ]-Tn--Xv B k-aq-lw Pohn-X-n- ]-I--p-I-bpw sN-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p. h-
{]-hm-N-I- X-\n-v A-h-X-cn-n-s- {K--n-s Po-hn-p- ]-Xnm-bn k-aq-l-n-s ap-n- F-gpt-p-\n-p. B Po-hn-Xw ]-I--n
H-cp P-\-X-Xn D-b--p-h-p. A-Xmb-Xv X-s \n-tbm-Kw ap-X- hn-tbmKw h-sc {]-hm-N-I- Izp--B- HmXn-sm-v ]-d-pw Im-Wn-pw \n-tZ in--pw hn-e-n-bpw k-aq-l-s
h-gn-Im-Wn-p. {]-hm-N-I-\v A-m-lp
\--In-b {K-w k-aq-l-n-\p- Hmw {]-am-W-hpw B {]-hm-N-I-s
Po-hn-Xw A-h--v c-mw {]-am-Whp-am-bn \n-e-sIm-p.
gn-Im-n-bm-b Cu {K-w A-h-X-c-Ww ]q--n-bmIp-tm-tg-v H-cp am-Xr-Im k-aq-lw {]-hm-N-I-s
Iq-sS cq-]-s-p-I-gn-n-cp-p. C--s\ H-cp hn-hw N-cn-{X-n- th-sd-bn-.
{]-hm-N-I- X-\n-v A-h-X-cn-n--s- {K-n-s Po-hn-p- ]-Xn-m-bn k-aq-l-n-s apn- F-gp-t-p-\n-p. B Po-hn-Xw ]-I--n Hcp P-\-X-Xn D-b--p-h-p. A-Xm-b-Xv X-s \n-tbmKw ap-X- hn-tbm-Kw h-sc {]-hm-N-I- Izp--B Hm-Xn-sm-v ]-d-pw Im-Wn-pw \n--tZ in-pw hn-e-n-bpw k-aq-l-s h-gn-Im-Wn-p. {]-hmN-I-\v A-m-lp \--In-b {K-w k-aq-l-n-\p H-mw {]-am-W-hpw B {]-hm-N-I-s Po-hn-Xw
A-h--v c-mw {]-am-W-hp-am-bn \n-e-sIm-p. {]hm-N-I-(-kz) hn-ip- Izp--B- hn-i-Zo-I-cn--Xv
X-n-jv-S-{]-Im-c-a-. Zn-hy-t_m-[-\-n-s A-Sn-B-\-n-em-bn-cp-p. ""A-t-lw X-n-jv-S-{]-Im-cw
kw-km-cn-p-n-. A-Xv A-t-l-n-\v Zn-hy-k-ti-am-bn \-ev-I-s-Sp- D-Zv-t_m-[-\w am-{X-am-Ip-p''
(53:3,4)
{]-hm-N-I-s Zu-Xy-\n--h-l-Ww Izp--B- Xs hn-h-cn-p-p. \-p-sS Zr-jv-Sm---(-h-N-\-) \n---v Hm-Xn-t--]n-p-X-cn-I-bpw \n-sf kw-kv-I-cn-p-I-bpw \n---v th-Z-hpw m\-hpw ]-Tn-n-p-X-cn-I-bpw \n---v A-dn-hn-m-Xv ]-Tn-n-p-X-cn-I-bpw sN-p-, \n--fp-sS Iq-n- \n-p-X-s-bp-f-f H-cp Zq-X-s\ \n--fn-tev \mw \n-tbm-Kn-p'' (2:151). A-td-_y- k-aq-ls {]-hm-N-I- kw-kv-I-cn--Xv Izp--B- hn-hcn-p-p. "A--c-m-\-an-m--h--n-S-bn- \nv X-s Zr-jv-Sm--- A-h--v hm-bn-p-tI-n-p-I-bpw A-h-sc kw-kv-I-cn-p-I-bpw A-h--v
th-Z-{K--hpw m-\-hpw ]-Tn-n-p-I-bpw sN-mAu-loZv
! 10 !
Uo-I-cn--s-p. \-_n-N-cy-bmIs en-Jn-X-am-bn {]kn-o-I-cn--s--Xv {]-hm-N-I \n-tbm-K-n-\p-tij-am-Wv. {]-hm-N-I-\n- \n-v t\-cn-v C-kv-emw ]Tn- X-e-ap-d A-kv-X-an-p-Xp-S-n-b-tm- ]n-ev-me-m--v \-_n-N-cy \-jv-S-s-Sp-t]m-Im-Xn-cn-m-\mbn A-h k-am-l-cn-v F-gp-Xn kq-n-m- a-lmc-Y-m-cm-b ]-n-X-m- {i-an-p. ]-e-cp-sS-bpw
B-bp-jv-m-ew ap-gp-h- sN-e-h-gn-v N-cn-{X-n-
Xp-ey-X-bn-m--hn-[w A-[zm-\n-v \-_n-N-cy {K--fn- t{Im-Uo-I-cn--s-p. C-v \-p-sS ap-n l-Zo-kv {K--- F--dn-b-s-Sp- \-_n-Ncym k-am-lm-c-- e-`y-am-Wv. {]-hm-N-I-s Ime-n-\p-ti-jw c-v \q-m-p-I-gn-m-Wv l-Zo-kpI- ti-J-cn--Xv. A-Xp-sIm-p-X-s Hm-tcm lZo-kpw \-_n(-kz)-bn- \n-v G-Xv ]-c--c-bn-eq-sS(k-\-Zv) h-p F-v kq-v-a-am-bn I-s-m- apl-n-kp-I-(-l-Zo-kv ]-n-X-m-) A-\p-jv-Tn-
Xym-Kw hn-h-c-Wm-Xo-X-am-Wv. F-n-epw N-cn-{X-\ntbm-Kw t]m-se A-Xv \-S-p. B l-Zo-kv {K--fm-Wv C-v \mw {]-hm-N-I-N-cy a-\-n-em-m-
A-h-ew-_n-p--Xv.
l-Zo-kp-I- ]n-o-Sv t{Im-Uo-I-cn--Xm-b-Xn-\m A-h-bn- {]-hm-N-I- ]-d--Xm-Wv F-v Xo-p-]-d-bm- I-gn-bm--h I-S-p-Iq-Sn-bn-cn-m-
km-[y-X-bp-v. F-m- a-\p-jy I-gn-hn-s ]-c-amh-[n hn-\n-tbm-Kn-p-sIm-v l-Zo-kp-I- Ip--a-Xm-m- I-Tn-\-{i-aw \-S-n-p-v. l-Zo-kv \n-Zm\-im-kv-{Xw F- H-cp hn-m-\-im-J-X-s D-Sse-Sp-p. ]-e Xm-ev-]-cy-m-cpw X--fp-sS Cw-KnX-- \-_n-]-d-p F- te-_-en- C-kv-em-an A-h-X-cn-n-p- {]-h-W-X ]n--m-e-p-mbn-o--p. A-Xp-sIm-p-X-s l-Zo-kv ]-d-
B-fp-sS N-cn-{X-hpw ]-m--e-hpw ]q--W-am-bn ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-n-bm-Wv A-h t{Im-Uo-I-cn--Xv. Atm- l-Zo-kp-I--v c-v `m-K-- Im-Wmw. Hv \-_n-N-cy hn-i-Zo-I-cn-p- hm-Iy-- A-Yhm a-Xv-\v F-v C-X-dn-b-s-Sp-p. c-v. B h-kvXp-X tc-J-s-Sp-p- {K--Im-c-\n-te-v (D-Zm
_p-Jm-cn) F-n-t-cp- am--Kw A-Y-hm k-\-Zv.
Ip--a- a-Xv-\pw k-\-Zpw D- l-Zo-kp-I-fm-Wv kzlo-lv F-v ]-d-bp--Xv. kz-lo-lm-b l-Zo-kp-I am-{X-ta {]-am-W-am-Ip. {]m-_-ey-n- G-pdhp l-Zo-kp-I-sf ap--Im-e ap-^-n-dp-I- hnhn-[-bn-\--fm-bn th--Xn-cn-p tc-J-s-Sp-n-bn-pv. {]-_-e-a-m--h s]m-Xp-hn- Zp--_-ew A-Yhm Z-Cu-^v F- t]-cn-e-dn-b-s-Sp-p. Cu C-\- hn-i-Z-am-bn a-sm-cp te-J-\-n- {]-Xn-]mZn-n-p-v.
\-_n-N-cy A-Y-hm l-Zo-kp-I-fp-sS h-kv-Xp-X ta-]-d--Xm-Wv. F-m- ap-kv-enw k-aq-l-n-
\-_n-N-cy kzo-I-cn-p--Xn- hy-Xy-kv-X \n-e-]mSp-I- Im-Wm- km-[n-pw. X--fp-sS hn-izm-kmNm-cm-\p-jv-Tm-\---v Izp--B-\n- \n-pw kpAu-loZv
! 11 !
Ihtmdn
Fw sF apl--Zen kpan
! 12 !
hn-e-bn-Sn-p--Xn-eq-sS C-kv-em-an-I-Z--i-\--fn-
\n-pw kw-kv-Im-c-n- \n-pw ap-kv-enw-I-sf IpSn-bn-d-m-sa-v C-kv-em-an-s ssh-cn-I- I-W-pIq-n. A--s\ ap-kv-enw-I-sf C-kv-em-an- \n-I-m-sa-pw X-- B-{K-ln-p-sIm-n-cn-p-
]-X-\-n-te-v A-h-sc X-n-hn-Sm-sa-pw Pq-Xcpw t]--jym-\p-`m-hw sh-p-]p-e--n-bn-cp--h-cpw
H-cp-t]m-se B-{K-ln-p.
{]-hm-N-I-t\m-Sv A-\-ev-]-am-b kv-t\-l-hpw BZ-c-hpw sh-p-]p-e--p- ap-kv-enw-k-ap-Zm-b-s
l-Zo-kv \n-tj-[-n-te-v \-bn-- Zp-jv-I-c-amsW-v i-{Xp---v A-dn-bm-am-bn-cp-p. l-Zo-kns\ {]-Xy--n- \n-cm-I-cn-m-sX X-s l-Zokn--\n-v k-ap-Zm-b-s A-I-m-\-h- X-{--
{]-tbm-Kn-p. Nn-e ap-kv-enw th-j-[m-cn-I-sf--s
A-Xn-\p-th-n l-Zo-kv \n-tj-[n-I- \n-tbm-Kn-p.
l-Zo-kv \n-th-Z-I-sc-p-dn-v A-]-hm-Z-- {]-N-cnn-p-sIm-v P-\-a-\-p-I-fn- l-Zo-kn-s\-p-dn-p a-Xn-v C-m-Xm-m- A-h- ]-cn-{i-an-p. A{]m-tbm-Kn-I-am-b \n-_--\-I- sh-p-sIm-v lZo-kp-I-sf C-m-Xm-m- Nn-e- ]-cn-{i-an-p. Ah-ew-_-\o-b-am-b l-Zo-kp-I-sfm-p-an-s- H-cp
[m-c-W ap-kv-enw-k-aq-l-n- h-f--n-sb-Sp-m\pw A-h- In-W-p-{i-an-p. {]-ap-J kz-lm-_nIfp-sS hn-izm-ky-X tNm-Zyw-sN-p--Xn-eq-sS l-Zo
kpI-sf-bpw Izp--B-\n-s\--s-bpw X-n--fbm-sa--h- I-W-p-Iq-n. Cu hn-`m-K--sf-pdnsm-cp hn-l-K-ho-W
- w k-
- t- `m-Nn-X-am-bn-cnpw.
! 13 !
A-I- ap-Jy-]-p-h-ln-n-p-v.
C-kv-em-an-t\m-Sv ]-I-Xo--m-\p- Pq-X--t]-jy- Kq-Vm-tem-N-\-bp-sS k--Xn-bm-b io-B-Ck-n-\v _o-Pm-hm-]w \-S-n-b-Xv A-_v-Zp-m-ln_v-\p k-_-Av F- Pq-X-\m-bn-cp-p. _m-ly-ambn am-{Xw C-kv-emw kzo-I-cn- A-bm- H-pw Xma-kn-bm-sX X-s Kq-V-{]-h---\-- B-cw-`n-p.
C-kv-em-an-I cm-jv-{S-n-s `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bm-bn-cp D-kv-am-\n(d)s\-p-dn-v A-]-hm-Z-- {]-N-cnn-p-sIm-m-bn-cp-p A-bm- X-s Zp-jv-S-em-pI--v Xp-S--an--Xv. ap-kv-enw P-\-km-am-\y-s
{]-tXy-In-v ]p-cm-X-\ t]--jy- km-{am-Py {]-hniy-I-fn-se P-\--sf B-I--jn-m- th-n Aen-n-s(-d) A-]-Zm-\-- hm-gv-m-\pw A-bm-
a-d-p-t]m-bn-.
X-\n-p-ti-jw A-en-sb(-d) `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bm-W-sa-v \-_n-(kz) h-kzn--v sN-bv-Xn-p-spw A-Xn-s\ A-h-K-Wn-p-sIm-m-Wv A-_q-_Iv-dpw D-a-dpw D-kv-am-\pw(-d) `-c-Ww ssI-bm-fn-b-sXpw A-bm- B-tcm-]n-p. D-kv-am-\n-s(-d) `-c-Ws-bpw cm-jv-{So-b \o---sf-bpw am-{X-a- At-l-n-s B-cm-[-\-I-sf-bpw kz-`m-h a-ln-a-Isf-bpw Xm-d-Sn-m-\pw A-_v-Zp-m-ln-_v-\p k-_Dw A-bm-fp-sS A-\p-N-c-m-cpw a-Sn-Im-Wn-n-cp-n. Xm-a-kn-bm-sX A-h- a-Zo-\-bn- kw-L-Sn-p.
D--kv-am-s(-d) ho-Sv D-]-tcm-[n-p. Izp--B- ]m-cmbWw sN-bv-Xp-sIm-n-cp- J-eo-^-sb H-cp cm-{Xnbn- B-{I-an-p-I-bpw h-[n-p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp.
D-kv-am-(-d) h-[n--s- ti-jw A-en-m-Wv(d)C-kv-em-an-I cm-jv-{S-n-s t\-Xr-Xz-ta-s-Sp--Xv.
C-Xn-\n-S-bn- D-kv-am-s(-d) Lm-X-I--s-Xn-cn-
{]-Xn-{In-b \-S--W-sa-m-h-iy-s-p-sIm-v BC-i, kp-ss_-, Xz--l(-d) F-n-h-cp-sS t\-XrXz-n- H-cp kw-Lw ap-kv-enw-I- A-en-sb(-d)
k--ao-]n-p.
D-kv-am-\n(-d)s Lm-X-I--s-Xn-cn- s]-s-v
\-S-]-Sn-sb-Sp-p--Xv {]-iv-\w cq--am-Im- Im-cW-am-bn-o-cp-sa-v I-cp-Xn A-en(-d) A-Xn-\p hnk--Xn-p. {]-Xn-{In-b B-h-iy-s-v B-C-i(-d)bpsS t\-Xr-Xz-n- kw-L-Sn--h-cpw A-en(-d)-bp-sS
ssk-\y-hpw G-p-ap-n. C-Xm-Wv P-a- bp--sa-dn-b-s-Sp--Xv. ap-kv-enw-I- X-n-ep- kw-L-\---v \m-n-Ip-dn- P-a- kw-L--\-n- kpss_-, Xz--l D--s-sS [m-cm-fw t]- J-Uv-K--n-c-bm-bn. D-kv-am-s(d) h-[-hpw P-a- bp-hpw kn-dn-b-bn-se A-ao-dm-bn-cp- ap-B-hn-b-sbbpw kn-dn-b-m-sc-bpw {]-tIm-]n-X-cm-n. kw-`-h-fp-sS ]n-n- A-en-(d)bm-sW-v [-cn-p-I-bpw
A-h- A-t-l-n-s t\-Xr-Xz-s X-n--d-bpI-bpw A-t-l-hp-am-bn kzn-^o-\n- G-p-ap-p-Ibpw sN-bv-Xp.
J-hm-cn-Pp-I- A-en-sb(-d) sIm-e-s-Sp-n. Aen-bp-sS ]n--Km-an-bm-bn A-h-tcm-[n-X-\m-b ]p-{XP\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012
l-k-(-d) kw-L--\-s sh-dp-p--h-\pw apkv-enw sF-Iy-n-s h-m-hp-am-bn-cp-p. A-tlw ap-B-hn-b-bp-am-bn c-Rv-Pn-n-em-hp-I-bpw ap-Bhn-b-v A-\p-k-c-W {]-Xn- \-ev-Ip-I-bpw sNbv-Xp.
ap-B-hn-b-bp-sS(-d) hn-tbm-K-ti-jw A-t-l-ns a-I- b-ko-Zv In-co-S-[m-cn-bm-bn. A-t-l-ns sN-bv-Xn-I-tfm-Sp- {]-Xn-tj-[w Im-c-Ww Aen-n-s(-d) a-sm-cp a-I-\m-bn-cp- lp-ssk-(-d)
b-ko-Zn-s\-Xn-sc hn--hm-lzm-\w \-S-n. I--_-ebn- sh-p-\-S- kw-L--\-n- lp-ssk-\pw(d)
Ip-Spw-_mw-K--fpw {Iq-c-am-bn h-[n--s-p.
C-kv-em-an-I N-cn-{X-n-se G--hpw Zm-cp-W-amb kw-`-h--fn-sem-m-bn-cp-p I--_-e-bn- Ac-t-dn-b-Xv. hm---tI- ap-kv-enw lr-Z-b--sfmw {h-Wn-X--fm-bn. b-ko-Zn-t\m-Sp- sh-dp-pw
hn-tZz-j-hpw Pz-en-m-\n-Xv C-S-bm-n. lp-ssks
(d)- c--n-\v A-a-hn-I-tfm-Sv ]-I-cw tNm-Zn-m\pw H-t-sd hn--h-Im-cn-I- cw-K-p-h-p. ^-etam [m-cm-fw ap-kv-enw-c-w Nn--s-p.
A-a-hn `-c-W-Iq-S-n-s-Xn-sc-bp- P-\-hn-Imcw X----\p-Iq-e-am-n am-m- io-A-I- ]-cn{i-an-p. A-cm-P-I-Xzw ap-X-se-Sp-v C-kv-em-an-\p
hn-cp--am-b hn-izm-k--fpw B-Z--i--fpw {]-N-cnn-m-\pw A-h- {i-an-p. C-Xn-se-mw A-h- H-cf-hp-h-sc hn-P-bn-p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp.
\-_n(k)-bp-sS Ip-Spw-_-tm-Sp- kv-t\-ln-s a-d-hn- A-_q-_-Iv-, D-a-, D-kv-am-(d)
F-o J-eo-^-am-cp--s-sS-bp- kz-lm-_n-I-sf
io-A-I- ]m-]n-I-fpw A-[n-Im-c-sm-Xn-b-m-cp-ambn Nn-{Xo-I-cn-p. A-en-sb-bpw(-d) Ip-Spw-_-sbpw Ip-dn-v A-Xn-i-tbm-n-bp- I-Y-I-fpw Ah- {]-N-cn-n-n-cp-p.
]n--m-e-v io-A-I- hn-hn-[ I-n-I-fm-bn
`n-n-p. A-en(-d) ssZ-h-amsWv Nne. {]-hm-NI-Xz-n-\v b-Ym--Y A-h-Im-in A-t-l-am-bn-cp-p.
ap-l--Zv(-kz) A-Xv X-{-n- ssI-h-i-s-Sp-nb-Xm-Wv F-v hm-Zn-p- dm-^n-fo hn-`m-Kw ap-X an-X-hm-Zn-I-fm-b ssk-Zn-bm-- h-sc io-A-Ifm-Wv. ""io-A-p C-kv -\m A-i-cn-'' F--dn-b-sSp- "C-am-an-'I-fm-Wv A-h-cn-se {]-_-e hn-`m-Kw.
C--s C-dm-\n-se `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I- D--s-sSbp--h- C-h-cn--s-Sp-p. C-dm-\n- B-b-p-m
Jp-ssa-\n m-]n- C-kv-em-an-I `-c-W-Iq-S-s Ckv-em-an-I \-thm-m-\ {]-m-\-- X-n--d-bm\pw hn-a--in-m-\pw t{]-c-I-am-b-Xv C-am-an- ioA-I-fp-sS C-kv-emw hn-cp--hm-Z--fm-bn-cp-p.
C-kv-em-an-I cm-jv-{S-n-s t\-Xr-Xzw A-enpw(-d)- k-m-\---pw \--Im- \-_n(kz) Iev-]n-n-p-s-v A-h- hm-Zn-p-p. X--fp-sS t\Xm--fm-b C-am-ap-I- a-e-p-I-sf-m-fpw {]-hmN-I-m-sc-m-fpw t{i-jv-T-cpw ]m-]-kp-c-n-X-cp-amWv. A-Xn-\m- \-_n-am-sc-sb- t]m-se io-Cu Au-loZv
! 14 !
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
Au-loZv
! 15 !
epw A-h--n-S-bn- A--c-ap-m-bn. A-h-cn- Nne- kz-lm-_n-I-fp-sS l-Zo-kp-I- H-pw kzo-I-cnm--h-cm-sW-n- a-p-Nn-e- Nn-e-sX-mw kzoI-cn-p-p. Nn-e-cm-I-s "B-lm-Zm-b' l-Zo-kp-Isf \n-cm-I-cn-p--h-cm-sW-n- a-p-Nn-e- ap-X-hmXn-dp-I-sf t]m-epw Aw-Ko-I-cn-m--h-cm-Wv.
Np-cp-n--d-m- J-hm-cn-Pp-I-, io-A-I-,
ap-A-v X-kn-en-I- Xp-S-n-b-h- sam--n- kzlm-_n-I-fp-sS k-Xy-k--X-sb tNm-Zyw-sN-p-h-cm-Wv. hn-i-Zmw-i--fn- A-h--n-S-bn- A-c-ap-s--Xn- kw-i-b-an-. J-hm-cn-Pp-I-fpw ap-AvX-kn-en-I-fn-sem-cp hn-`m-K-hpw G-Xm-s-m kz-lm_n-I-sf-bpw Zp--am--Kn-I-fpw A-[--a-Im-cn-I-fp-ambn Im-Wp-p. A-Xn-\m- A-h-cp-sS-sbm-pw lZo-kp-I- kzo-I-cn-m-dn-. l-Zo-kp-I-fp-sS _-lp`q-cn-`m-K-hpw Cu hm-Z-n-eq-sS Xn-c-kv-I-c-Wo-bam-bn-o-cp-p.
Hm-dn-b--en-p-I-fp-sS Ip-X-{--
C-kv-em-an-s B-hn--`m-h-Im-ew ap-X- A-Xnt\m-Sv A-S-m- I-gn-bm- ]-I-bpw hn-tZz-j-hpw
Pq-X-m- sh-p-]p-e--n. A-h-cp-sS i-{Xp-X-sbp-dn-pw C-kv-em-an-I k-aq-l-n-epw cm-jv-{S--nepw On-{Z-X-bpw A-cm-P-I-Xz-hpw D-m-m- Ah- \-S-n-b ]-cn-{i-a--sf-p-dn-pw \mw hn-h-cnp. Pq-X-m-cp-sS i-{Xp-X-sb-m- H-pw Ip-d-h-m ssh-cw {In-kv-Xob ]p-tcm-ln-X-m-cpw cm-jv{S-t\-Xm--fpw C-kv-em-an-t\m-Sv sh-p-]p-e--n-bncp-p. tb-ip-hn-s Zn-hy-Xz-s C-kv-emw \n-cm-Icn--Xpw {In-kv-Xy- ]u-tcm-ln-Xy-s hn-a--in-Xpw B-Z--i-cw-K-v C-kv-em-an-t\m-S-h--v hn-tZzj- a p- m- n. ]p- t cm- l n- X - m- c p- s S B- i o- - h mZtm-sS tdm-am km-{am-Py-n-se `-c-Wm-[n-Imcn-I- A-h-cp-sS {]-P-I-sf Nq-j-Ww sN-bv-Xn-cpp. Cu-Pn-]v-Xv, kn-dn-b, ^-e-kv-Xo-, tPm--Zm-
Xp-S-n-b {]-tZ-i--fn-se P-\-- ]m-c-X-{yn-s-bpw a--Z-\--fp-sS-bpw Zp-cn-X--b-n-
s]-p-g-ep-I-bm-bn-cp-p. G-I-ssZ-h-hn-izm-k-ns-bpw a-\p-jy-hn-tam-N-\-n-s-bpw k-t-i-hpam-bn A-td-_y-bn- C-kv-emw D-Z-bw-sN-bv-X-tm tdm-am-km-{am-Py-n-epw A-Xn-s A-\p--c-W-\-fp-m-bn.
ln-dm-n-b-kv N-{I-h--n-sb C-kv-em-an-te-v
-Wn-p-sIm-v \-_n(kz) Zq-X-s\ \n-tbm-Kn-p.
\-_n-(kz)bp-sS k-t-iw k-Xy-am-sW-v t_m-[ys- cm-Pm-hv C-kv-em-an-s\ ]-cm-Pb
-- -s-Sp-m- Hcm--pw km-[y-a-s- Im-cyw {K-ln-p. ]p-tcmlnX-cpw `-c-W-t\-Xm--fp-a-S-p- k-Z-n- cm-Pmh-Xv Xp-d-p-]-d-bp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. ]-t ]p-tcmln-X-m-cp-sS i--am-b F-Xn--n-\p ap-n- cmPm-hv X-s a-\-m-n-sb h-n-m- \n--_-nX-\m-bn. ]n-o-Sv C-kv-em-an-s\-Xn-sc ssk-\n-I \ow \-S-m- tdm-am-km-{am-Pyw [m--jv-Syw Im-WnAu-loZv
! 16 !
..............................................................................................................................................
C-kv-em-an-s\ A-m-U-an-Iv X-e-n- ]-Tn--ti-jw A-Xn-s\ hn-I-e-ambn A-h-X-cn-n-m-\p- Cu {i-a-am-Wv "Hm-dn-b--en-kw' F- t]-cn-
A-dn-b-s--Xv. X--fp-sS e-y-{]m-]v-Xn-p th-n hn-]p-e-am-b kw-hn[m-\--fm-Wv Hm-dn-b--en-p-I- H-cp-n-b-Xv. B-Z--i-]-c-am-bn C-kv-eman-\p ap-]n- ]-cm-P-b-s- {In-kv-Xo-b N--p-I-fpw B-bp-[wsIm-v
tXm-ev-]n-m-\m-hn-s-v a-\-n-em-n-b bq-tdm-]y- `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Ifpw Hm-dn-b--en-k-n-s h-f---p-th-n H-sm-cp-an-p.
..............................................................................................................................................
! 17 !
{]-N-cn-p--Xv X-S-bn-Sm-\pw ap-kv-enw-I-sf sX-nm-c-W-bn- ho-gv-m-\pw Hm-dn-b--en-p-I- H-tck-a-bw b-Xv-\n-p. ]-{X-am-kn-I-I-, td-Un-tbm, Snhn Xp-S-n-b am-[y-a-- C-Xn-\p-]-tbm-K-s-Spn. Hm-Iv-kv-t^m--Uv, tIw-{_n-Uv-Pv, F-Un--_-Kv Xp-S-n-b k--h-I-em-im-e-I-fn- am-{X-a-, Atd-_y-bn-se I-em-im-e-I-fn- h-sc A-[ym-]-\w \S-n-bn-cp--Xv Hm-dn-b--en-p-I-fm-bn-cp-p.
C-kv-em-an-s au-en-I {]-am-W--fn- kw-i-bap-m-p-I, l-Zo-kn-s\ \n-cm-I-cn-p-I, k--cn-Xcm-b kz-lm-_n-I- ap-X-ep- l-Zo-kv \n-th-Z-IcpsS k-Xy-k--X-bn- kw-i-b-ap-m-p-I. {]m-amWn-I-cm-b ]-Wv-Un-X in-tcm-a-Wn-I-sf A-]-l-knp-I, C-kv-em-an-s kmw-kv-Im-cn-I--\m-K-cn-I aqey--sf A-h-a-Xn-p-I Xp-S-n-b Ip-X-{--
Hm-dn-b--en-p-I-fp-sS ap-J-ap-{Z-bm-Wv. Cu e-y
km-m-Xv-Im-c-n-\m-bn A-h- H-t-sd {K-- c-Nn-n-p-v. sI--Xv Iv-dmw-Kn-s "Z Im- Hm^v an-\m-d-v-kv', F-v. B- ln-n-s "ap-l--Z-\nkw' `--aw-Km-hn-s " sse-^v Hm-^v ap-l--Zv' Hmdn-b--en-p-I-fp-sS a-l-Zv Kp-cp-hm-b-dn-b-s-Sp- PqX-\m-b tKm--Uv kn-l-dn-s C-kv-em-an-I ]-T-\w,
hn-izm-k-hpw C-kv-em-an-I i-co-A-pw Xp-S-n-bh hn-j-en-]v-X-am-b C-kv-emw hn-a--i-\-Ir-Xn-I-fn-
Nn-e-Xm-Wv.
bq-tdm-n-se _p-n-Po-hn-I-sf-bpw hn-Zym--Yn-Isf-bpw C-kv-em-an- \n-v X-S-bp-I, A-d-_v \m-SpI-fn-se hn-m-\m--Yn-I-fn-epw bp-hm--fn-epw _pn-Po-hn-I-fn-epw C-kv-em-an-s\-p-dn-v sX-n-m-cW-I-fpw kw-i-b--fpw D-o-]n-n-p-I F-n-h-bmWv Hm-dn-b--en-p-I-fp-sS {]-[m-\ e-y--.
Hm-dn-b--en-p-I--v X--fp-sS e-y--fn-semw H-c-f-hp-h-sc hn-P-bn-m- km-[y-am-bn-p-s-Xn- kw-i-b-an-. G-Xm-s-m ap-kv-enw k-aql--fn-epw Im-W-s-Sp- tam-tU-Wn-p-I-fpw lZo-kv \n-tj-[n-I-fpw Hm-dn-b--en-k-n-s kr-jvSn-I-f-m-sX a-sm-p-a-.
tam-tU-Wn-p-I-fp-sS Ip-X-{--
Pq-X-m-, t]--jy-m-, tdm-a- `-c-W-Iq-S-fp-sS kv-Xp-Xn-]m-T-I-, ss{I-kv-X-h ]p-tcm-ln-X-
Xp-S-n-b-h--v C-kv-em-an-t\m-Sp- ssh-c-hpw hnP\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012
tZz-j-hpw B-g-n-ep--Xm-bn-cp-p. B-Z--i-cw-Kpw ssk-\n-I-am-bpw A-h- ap-kv-enw-I-tfm-Sv Gp-ap-n. c-n-S-pw A-h- ]-cm-P-b-n-s I-bv]p-\o- Ip-Sn-p.
ap-kv-enw-I-sf X--fp-sS B-Z--i--fn--\n-pw
au-en-I {]-am-W--fn--\n-pw hy-Xn-N-en-n-m-em-sX C-kv-em-an-s\ ]-cm-P-b-s-Sp-m-\m-hn-s-v
A-h- a-\-n-em-n. A-Xn-\p-th-n Pq-X--ss{I-kvX-h hn-`m-K
-
- H-b
- m-bpw Iq-a
- m-bpw {]-h
-
- n-p.
]-cn-ip- Izp--B-\n--\n-v ap-kv-enw-I-sf AI-n-\n--- Zp-jv-I-c-am-bn A-h- I-p. A-Xn-\m Izp--B-\n-s hn-i-Zo-I-c-W-hpw C-kv-em-an-I Bcm-[-\m-\p-jv-Tm-\--fp-sS-bpw kw-kv-Im-c-n-sbpw B-[m-c-in-e-bp-am-b \-_n-N-cy-bp-am-bp- apkv-enw-I-fp-sS _-w hn-t-Zn-m-\p- D-]-Pm-]-fn- A-h-tc--s-p. l-Zo-kp-am-bp- _-w
hn-t-Zn-n-m-\p- G--hpw e-fn-X-am-b am--Kw Ah- I-s-n. C-kv-em-an-s h-f---bn-epw hn-Pb-n-epw {]-Nm-c-W-n-epw A-aq-ey kw-`m-h-\-If--n--h-sc A-h-a-Xn--em-bn-cp-p A-Xv. \-_ntbm-Sv(-kz) k-l-h--n-n-cp- A-\p-N-c-m--v
ap-kv-enw P-\-lr-Z-b--fn-ep- kv-t\-lm-Z-c-hp-I-
C-m-bv-a sN-p--Xn- hn-P-bn-m- \-_n-N-cy-bpam-bp- ap-kv-enw-I-fp-sS _-w ap-dn-m-s\-fp-am-Wv. Im-c-Ww {]-hm-N-I-s A-\p-bm-bn-I-fm-Wtm A-hn-Sp-s N-cy ]n--Km-an-I--v ]-I--Xv.
A-h- A-hn-iz-kv-X-cpw Zp--am--Kn-I-fpw am--K-{`wiw kw-`-hn--h-cpw I-]-S-m-cp-am-sW-n- A-h-cneq-sS e-`y-am-b l-Zo-kp-I-fp-sS A-h--sb-m-bncn-pw? A-Xn-\m- l-Zo-kp-I- [m-cm-fw D--cn-
kz-lm-_n-I-fpw tc-J-s-Sp-n-b ]-n-X-m-cp-amWv Iq-Sp-X- B-tcm-]-W hn-a--i
-- --v hn-t[-bcm-b-Xv.
kz-lm-_n-I-sf B-t-]n-p--Xn- Pq-X-cpw
ss{I-kv-X-h-cpw A-Xn-cp-I-S-n-cp-p. am-{X-a- Ah-cp-sS hm-Z-K-Xn-I-sf A--Sn hn-gp-p- hn-`m-Ksf ap-kv-enw k-ap-Zm-b-n- \n-p-m-p--Xn-epw
A-h- h-P-bn-p. io-A-I-, J-hm-cn-Pp-I-, ap-AvX-kn-en-I- Xp-S-n-b-h- C-h-bn- {]-[m-\n-I-fmWv. C-h-sc-mw D--bn- Zp-cm-tcm-]-W--sf H-cp
am- e -bn-se--h-w tIm--p-I-bpw im-kv-{X-ns-bpw [n-j-W-bp-sS-bpw Nm-b-a-Sn-v A-h-sb Ae--cn-p-I-bpw sN-bv-X {]-m-\-am-Wv Hm-dn-b-en-kw. Hm-dn-b--en-p-I-fpw X--fp-sS ap--Km-anI-sf-tm-se ap-kv-enw \m-a-[m-cn-I-fn- \n-v {]-Nmc-I-sc I-s-m- {i-an-p.
ap-kv-enw-tem-I-s X--fp-sS ssI-n-Sn-bn-semXp-m- X-w]m--n-cn-p- km-{am-Py-Xz-i-nI-fpw A-m-cm-jv-{S X-e-n-ep- Pq-X--ss{I-kvX-h _p-n-Po-hn-I-fp-am-Wv Hm-dn-b--en-k's \p-]n-Sn-n-p-I-bpw h-f--n-sb-Sp-p-I-bpw sN-bvX-Xv. hn-tizm--c--fm-b tIw-{_n-Uv-Pv, Hm-Iv-kvt^m--Uv, F-Un--_--Kv Xp-S-n-b k--h-I-em-imAu-loZv
! 18 !
e-I- Hm-dn-b--en-k-n-s h-f--p-sXm-n-ep-Ifm-bn-cp-p. A-hn-S--fn-se-mw A-d-_v--C-kv-em-anI kw-kv-Im-c--sf-p-dn-p- ]-T-\-n-\v {]-tXyI ^m---n-I-fpw h-Ip-p-I-fp-ap-m-bn-cp-p. D-X-hn-Zym-`ym-k-n-s a-d-]n-Sn-v C-kv-emw hn-cpm-i-b--fm-Wv A--cw I-em-im-e-I-fn- A-`ykn-n-n-cp--Xv. A-hn-S--fn-te-v A-d-_v tem-Is _p-n-km-a--Yy-ap- hn-Zym--Yn-I-sf B-I-jn-m- F-m- X-{--fpw Hm-dn-b--en-p-I-
H-cp-n-bn-cn-p-p. A-hn-S--fn--\n-v ]-T-\w Ign-v C-d-n-b-h- A-h--W-cm-b km-bn-p-am-cmbn. Cw-o-jp-Im-c-s `m-j-bpw h-kv-{X-[m-c-W-coXn-bpw D-]-Nm-c--fpw kw-kv-Im-c-hpw A-gn-m-hp-sa-mw A-d-_v hn-Zym--Yn-I- B-th-i-]q--hw
A-\p-I-cn-p. C-kv-em-an-s\-p-dn-pw l-Zo-kp-I-sfp-dn-p-sa-mw Hm-dn-b--en-p-I-fm-b X--fp-sS
A-[ym-]-I- Hm-Xn-sm-Sp--sX-mw A-h- A-Sn hn-iz-kn-p. X--fp-sS \m-Sp-I-fn-se I-em-ime-I-fn-epw bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-n-I-fn-ep-sa-mw X--sbtm-se A-X-h- G-p-]m-Sn. A--s\-bm-Wv CuPn-]v-jy- k-aq-l-n- ap-l--Zv A-ao-\pw Izmknw A-ao-\pw A-_q-d--bp-sa-mw D-S-se-Sp--Xv.
Hm-dn-b--en-k-n-s B-I--j-W h-e-b-n-emb-h- \-_n-N-cy-bp-sS ta- A-t\-Iw B-tcm-]-W- f p- - b n- p. im- k v - { Xo- b m- t cm- ] - W - n- s - b pw
_p-n-]q--hm-t\z-j-W-n-s-bpw ta--hn-em-kn- A-h- \-_n-N-cy-sb B-{I-an-p.
io-A-I-fpw ap-Av-X-kn-en-I-fpw Hm-dn-b--en-pI-fpw F-gp-Xn-q-n-b hm-tdm-e-I-sf B-[m-c-am-nbm-Wv tam-tU-Wn-p-I- X--fp-sS l-Zo-kv-hn-cpt]m-cm--- kw-L-Sn-n--Xv. X--fp-sS \n-c-c ]-cn-{i-a--fp-sS-bpw Zo--L-Im-e ]-T-\-K-th-j-W-fp-sS-bpw ^-ea
- m-sW-v A-h
- ho-n-f
- m-dp-sn-epw A-h-sb-mw A-\p-I-c-W-- am-{X-am-Wv.
A-d-_v tem-I-v l-Zo-kn-s\-Xn-sc B-{I-a-Whp-am-bn cw-K-p-h- A-lv-a-Zv A-ao- ^-Pv-dp-
C-kv-em-an- ]-d--Xpw A-_q-d- "A-Zzv-hm-D- Ae--p--n- ap-l--Zn-'bn- F-gp-Xn-b-Xp-sa-mw
A-\p-I-c-W-- am-{X-am-Wv. A-h-sb-mw Pq-X-\mb tKm--Uv kn-l- F-gp-Xn-b A- A-Jo-Z-p
h--co-A, ]p-tcm-ln-X-\m-b C-_v-dm-low eq-tmbp-sS A- a-ko-ln--p ^n- C-kv-emw Xp-S-nb Ir-Xn-I-fn--\n-v ]-I--n F-gp-Xn-b-h am-{Xam-Wv. F-m- X--fp-sS Kp-cp--fm-sc-tm X- A-h-ew-_n- {K---tf-sX-tm Xp-d-p]-d-bm- ap-kv-enw tam-tU-Wn-p-I-sfm-pw X-mdm-hm-dn-.
C-sX-mw X--fp-sS Zo--L-Im-e K-th-j-W ]T-\--fn-eq-sS I-s-n-b-Xm-sW-v s]-cp-a ]-dbm-\m-Wv A-h- {i-an-m-dp--Xv. X--fp-sS I-\m-W-bw Xn-cn--dn-bm-Xn-cn-m-\pw X-- A-kmam-\y K-th-j-W-]-Sp--fm-sW-v hn-iz-kn-n-m\pw th-n-bm-Wv A-h- Cu Ip-X-{w {]-tbm-KnP\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012
! 19 !
A--m-lp-hn-s {K--hpw \-_n-N-cy-bp-am-Wv Ckv-em-an-s {]-am-W--- F-v _-lp-`q-cn-`m-Kw apkv-enw-I---p-a-dn-bn-m-bn-cp-p. 19mw \q-m-n-s
A-h-km-\-n- tI-c-f--c-bn- H--s- \n-e-bnepw 20mw \q-m-n-s ]q--hm--[-n- kw-LSnX-am-bpw {]-h--n-m- Xp-S-n-b C-kz-v-em-lo {]h---I-cpw ]-Wv-Un-X-m-cpw P-\--sf C-m-cyw
t_m-[y-s-Sp-m-\p- h-en-b {i-a-- X-s \S-n. Izp--B-\n-s B-i-bw ]-Tn-m-\pw Po-hnXw
A-Xn--\p-k-cn-v Nn--s-Sp-m-\pw A-h- P-\-sf D-Zv-t_m-[n-n-p. \m-n-ep-S-\o-fw Izp--B- mkp-I- kw-L-Sn-n-pw Izp--B- ]-T-\-tI-{- m-]n-pw Izp--B- ]-cn-`m-j-I- {]-kn-oI-cn-p-am-Wv C-Xn-\p {]m-h--n-I-cq-]w \-ev-In-bXv. B-Zy-sam-s _-lp-P-\--fpw ]m-c--cy ]-WvUn-X-cpw i-n-bm-bn F-Xn--p-sh-n-epw Izp--B ]-Tn-t--Xm-Wv F- Xn-cn--dn-hv Im-e-{I-a-n A-h--p-m-bn.
hn-ip--Izp--B- _---n-\p-th-n-sb-nepw B-i-bw {K-ln-m-sX P-\-- ]m-cm-b-Ww
sN-m-dp-m-bn-cp-p. F-m- \-_n-N-cy, l-Zo-kv,
kp--v Xp-S-n-b ]-Z-{]-tbm-K--t]m-epw P\- tI-n-cp-n-. F--s- G-Xm-\pw ^n-Izv-lv
{K--- am-{X-am-bn-cp-p C-kv-em-an-s {]-am-Wam-bn A-h- K-Wn-n-cp--Xv. im-^n-Cu a-Zv-l-_pIm-cm-Wv X-- F-m-Wp P-\--fp-sS hn-Nm-cw.
a-Zv-l-_p-I-sf X-Izv-eo-Zp sN-p-I-b-m-sX(A-am-bn A-\p-I-cn-p-I) C-kv-em-an-I \n-b-a-- ]Tn-m-\pw a-\-n-em-m-\pw ap-kv-en-w-I--p _m[y-X-bn- F-m-bn-cp-p s]m-Xp-[m-c-W. B [mc-W Xn-cp-n-p-dn-p-sIm-v h-f-sc ]-Xp-s-bmsW-n-epw \-_n-N-cy-bp-am-bpw l-Zo-kv -{K--fp-am-bpw tI-c-f-ap-kv-enw-I- ]-cn-N-b-s-p-Xp-S-n.
a-Zv-l-_p-I-sf A--am-bn A-\p-I-cn-p--Xns\ \n-cm-I-cn-p-I-bpw kp--n-te-v a-S-p-Ibpw th-W-sa- I-Wn-i-am-b \n-e-]m-sS-Sp--Xn-\m C-kzv-em-lo-{]-m-\w im-Jm-]-c-am-b Im-cy-fn- X--n-p-I-bm-sW-pw k-aq-l-n- On-{ZX-bp-m-p-I-bm-sW-pw \n-in-X-am-bn B-t-]n-s-p. F-n-epw {I-a-{]-hr--am-b {]-Nm-c-W-{]h---\-- aq-ew Nn-{Xw am-dn-h-p. H-cp-Im-e-v
l-Zo-kp-I- am-n-\n--n-b-h- C-v F-n-\pw GXn-\pw l-Zo-kp--cn-v Zp--hym-Jym-\w sN-p- Imgv-N-bm-Wv \mw Im-Wp--Xv.
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! 20 !
]-Xn-m-p-I--p ap-v a-dp-]-Sn ]-d- hm-Z-fm-Wv B-[p-\n-I Hm-dn-b--en-p-I- C-hn-sS C-dp-a-Xn sN-bv-X-Xv. k-_m-C-bp-sS "A-p- h aIm-\-Xp-lm.....' F- {K-w a-e-bm-f-n-te-v
hn-h---\w sN-bv-Xp-sIm-v ap-l--Zv A-am-\n- aue-hn C-h-cp-sS hm-Z--sf t\-cn-p. l-Zo-kv hn-cp-
{]-m-\w C-hn-sS th-cp-]n-Sn-n-.
.............................................................................
l-Zo-kv \n-Zm-\i
- m-kv{- X-hp-am-bn _-s- N---bn- ap-kv-enw tem-Iw GtIm-]n- H-cp Im-cy-am-Wv kz-lm-_n-am F-m-hc
- pw \o-Xn-am-m-cpw hn-izm-ktbm-Ky-cp-am-Wv F--Xv. l-Zo-kv ]-T-\n-te-p I-S-p--Xn-\p -ap-m-bn
\mw C--cw Im-cy-- km-am-\y-ambn A-dn-n-cn-t--Xm-Wv.
.............................................................................
am-{Xw Po-hn- A-_q-_-Iv-dn(d)s\ t]m-ep- Bfp-I- l-Zo-kp-I- D--cn--Xn-t\-m- Iq-Sp-X-
dn-tm--v sN-bv-X-Xv F-p-sIm-v F-v a-\-n-emm- km-am-\y-_p-n a-Xn.
c-v:- A-_q-_-Iv-(d) \-_n(kz) a-cn- D-S-s\
`-c-W-`m-cw G-s-Sp-p-I-bm-Wp-m-b-Xv. A-_q-lpd-bv-d-bm-I-s P-\---v Zo- ]-Tn-n-p-I-bp-ambn-cp-p. A-tm- kzm-`m-hn-I-am-bpw Iq-Sp-X- Bfp-I- A-_q-lp-d-bv-d-bn--\n-v l-Zo-kp-I- tI-pw; dn-tm--p sN-pw.
aq-v: A-_q-lp-d-bv-d ap-kv-en-am-b-Xv ln-Pv-d-bvp-ti-j-am-Wv F--Xp i-cn-X-s. lp-ssZ-_n-
k-n-p-ti-jw km-aq-ln-I-cw-Kw im--am-hp-I
bpw \-_n(kz) k-am-[m-\-]q--hw {]-t_m-[-\w \S-p-I-bpw sN-bv-X \m-ep-h--j-m-ew \-_n(kz)
tbmsSm-p- A-_q-lp-d-bv-d-bp-sS k-l-hm-kwsIm-v Iq-Sp-X- Im-cy-- ]-Tn-m-\-h-k-cw e`n-p. C-kv-em-an-s H-t-sd Im-cy-- \n-b-a-am-bXpw \n-c-h-[n hn-tZ-i \n-th-Z-I-kw-L--sf \_n
(kz) kzo-I-cn--Xpw Cu Im-e-m-Wv. A-_q-lpd-bv-d-bm-I-s ap-gp-h- k-a-b-hpw a-kv-Pn-Zp--_-hnbn- I-gn-p-Iq-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p. C-Xv a-p--h-tcm- l-Zo-kp-I- A-t-l-n-\p e-`n-m- Imc-W-am-bn.
\m-ev:- l-Zo-kp-I- Iq-Sp-X- a-\-m-T-am-p-hm A-_q-lp-d-bv-dp th-n \-_n(kz) {]m--Ynp.
X-Zv-^-e-am-bn l-Zo-kv -]-n-X-m- A-_q-lp-d-bvd-sb G-sd A-h-ew-_-am-n.
A-v: kz-lm-_n-I-fn--\n-v l-Zo-kp--cn-p-Xv Xm-_n-D-I-fm-Wv. `-c-W-Im-cy--fn-tem a-v D-c-hm-Zn---fn-tem G--s-n-n-m- A-_q-lpd-bv-d G-sd k-a-bw sN-e-h-gn--Xv P-\--tfm-sSm-am-bn-cp-p. l-Zo-kp-I- dn-tm--p-sN-m- CsXm-cp \n-an--am-bn.
B-dv: - a-Sn-bpw e--bpw Iq-Sm-sX A-_q-lp-dbv-d \-_n(kz)-tbm-Sv Zo-Im-cy-- tNm-Zn--dn-bpam-bn-cp-p F-v kz-lm-_n-am- X-s ]-d-bp-p.
Cu h-kv-Xp-X-I-sfm-pw {i-n-m-sX A-_qlp-d-bv-d F- kz-lm-_n-h-cy-s\ Pq-X-\pw hym-P\p-am-bn Nn-{Xo-I-cn-p-I F--Xv hn-izm-k-n-s
Au-loZv
! 21 !
Ihtmdn
F F Fkv
lZo-kp-Ifpw
kmt-XnI {]tbm-K
- fpw
hn-ip- Izp--B- t]m-se {]-hm-N-I-s h-N-\-- \-_n(-kz)-bp-sS Im-etm kz-lm-_n-am-cp-sS Im-e-tm k-q--W-am-bn t{Im-Uo-I-cn-n-cp-n-.
A-Xn-\m- l-Zo-kp-am-bn _-s
- - [m-cm-fw km-t-Xn-I {]-tbm-K
-
- nc-s-n-p-v. l-Zo-kp-I
- kzo-Ic
- n-p-hm-\pw kzo-Ic
- n-m-Xn-cn-p-hm-\pw Cu
km-t-Xn-I {]-tbm-K-- i-cn-pw {K-ln-- A-\n-hm-cy-am-Wv.
hn-
! 22 !
Im-cy-a-. F-tm-Sv C--h- ]-d-p. C--h-t\m- amw _p-Jm-cn D--s-sS-bp- `q-cn-]-w ]-nSv C--h- ]-d-psh-v {]-kv-Xm-hn-v \-_n(kz) X-m-cpw A-`n-{]m-b-s-Sp-p. C-amw I--am-\n(-d)h-sc F-n-t-cp- ]-c
- c
- D-m-bn-cn-W
- w. Cu ]- bp-sS A-`n-{]m-b-hpw D--cn-v n-c-s-Sp-p-p.
c--c-bv-m-Wv k-\-Zv F-v ]-d-bp--Xv. k-\-Znm- (^-Xv-lp--_m-cn 17-32). \-_n-N-cy-bpw C-kv-emw
sX D--cn--s-Sp- l-Zo-kp-I- kzo-Im-cy-a-. i-co-A-n- A-Xn-s m-\-hpw F- tUm-IvD-Zm: _p-Jm-cn ]-d-bp-p. F-tm-Sv lp-ssa-Zn S- ap-kv-Xz-^m kn-_m-C-a-bp-sS ]p-kv-X-I-n-epw
]-d-p. lp-ssa-Zn ]-d-bp-p, F-tm-Sv kp-^v-bm Cu A- ` n- { ]m- b pw hn- i - Z - a m- n- b n- p- v . (t]- P v
]-d-p. kp-^v-bm- ]-d-bp-p, F-tm-Sv b-lv- 160,161)
5. a-iv-lq-: J-_v-dp- hm-ln-Zn-s B-Zy-s
b ]-d-p. b-lv-b ]-d-bp-p, F-tm-Sv ap-l-Zp_v-\p C-_v-dm-low ]-d-p. A-t-lw A--Iz-a ]- C-\w. aq-tm A-Xn- Iq-Sp-X-tem ]-c--c-I-fn-eqsS D--cn--s- l-Zod-bp--Xm-b tI-p. A-kpI. ap- k v - X - ^ o- f v
Iz-a ]-d-p" D-a-(-d) anF-pw C-Xn-\v t]- ]-dn- sh-v ]-d-bp--Xv
a-\: ]q--h-am-tbm B-I-kv-an-I-amd-bpw. H-cp ]-c--c-t]mRm- tI-p: Xo-
- b
- m-bpw
epw C- m- s X a- \ p- j y{]-h---\-- D-t-iytbm I-f-hn- tbm-Pn-- A-kw-`s \m-hn-eq-sS {]-N-cna-\p-k-cn-m-Wv (_p-Jmhy-am-b \n-e-bv-v \-_n(-kz)-bn-
a-iv-lq- F- `m-jmcn, l. \-- 1). C- hn-sS
\n-v [m-cm-fw kz-lm-_n-am- l-Zo]-c-am-b {]-tbm-K-n-
\-_n ]-Tn-n- H-cp Imkv D-c
- n-p-p. Cu F-w Ip-db
- mA-dn-b-s-Spw. D-Zm: dpcyw kz- l m- _ n- b n- \nIq-Av e-`n-m- d-Iv-Av ]n-ev-m-e-m-c-\m-b
\n-e-bv-v, l-Zo-kv D--cn--Xv
v e-`n-pw (\-_n- h_p-Jm-cn D--cn-p- am_p-Jm-cn-bm-sW-n- _p-Jm-cn-h-sc
N-\w). ]-c--c-tbm-Sp-Iq- K - a m- W v \mw I- - X v .
F-p-I. C-_v-\p-am-P-bm-sW-n-
Sn C-{]-Im-cw H- l-ZoCu \nth-Z-I-]-c--c-bm
A-t-lw h-sc-sb-p-I. C-Sb
-
-v v hkp- t ]m- e pw D- - c n- Wv k\Zv
s-Sp-n-. a-\p-jy-s
2. a-Xv-\v(-aq-e-hm-Iyw):
-[n-p--Xn-\v hn-tcm-[-an-.
\m-hn-eq-sS am-{Xw {]-Nk-\-Zv F-n-t-cp- \cn--Xm-Wn-Xv.
_n(- k z)- b p- s S h- N - \ w,
6. A-ko-kv: hy-Xym{]- h r- n, Aw- K o- I m- c w
k-s- c-v ]-c--c-bnF-n-h-bv-v a-Xv-\v F-v
]-d-bp-p. D-Zm: Xo---bm-bpw {]-h---\-- D- eq-sS D--cn--s- l-Zo-kv.
7. K-co-_v: H-cp ]-c--c-bn-eq-sS am-{Xw D--cnt-iy-a-\p-k-cn-v am-{X-am-Wv, \-_n(-kz) Zp-lv- \mev d-Iv-A-v \-a-kv-I-cn-p. Cu h-kv-Xp-X-I- l- -s--Xv. B-Zyw [m-cm-fw B-fp-I- D--cn-p. tijw ]-c--c-bp-sS G-sX-n-epw m-\-v H-cp \nZo-kn-s a-Xv-\v F--dn-b-s-Sp-p.
3. ap-X-hm-Xn-: a-\: ]q--h-am-tbm B-I-kv-an-I- th-Z-\-I- am-{X-am-bm-epw K-co-_v F-v ]-d-bpw.
8. ^--Zp- ap-Xzv-e-Izv (K-co-_m-b l-Zo-kn-s
am-tbm I-f-hn- tbm-Pn-- A-kw-`-hy-am-b \ne-bv-v \-_n(-kz)-bn- \n-v [m-cm-fw kz-lm-_n- H-cp C-\w): k-\-Zn-s F-m I-n-bn-epw Hm-tcm
am- l-Zo-kv D--cn-p-p. Cu F-w Ip-d-bm- hy-n-I- am-{X-ap-m-hp-I. D-Zm: D-ssa-\n--kp-^v\n-e-bv-v, l-Zo-kv D--cn--Xv _p-Jm-cn-bm-sW-n- bm---b-lv-bm--ap-l--Zv--A--J-a--D-a-dp-_v-\p--J _p-Jm-cn-h-sc F-p-I. C-_v-\p-am-P-bm-sW-n- m-_v. A-m-lp-hn-s Zq-X- ]-d-p:
9. ^--Zp--\n-k-_n: -K-co-_n-s c-m-a-s
A-t-lw h-sc-sb-p-I. C-S-bv-v h--[n-p-Xn-\v hn-tcm-[-an-. `uXn-I-amb Hcp DZm-l-cWw C-\w. Iq-Sp-X- B-fp-I- D--cn-p-I-bpw H-cp I]dbmw: Rm- P-m- I-n-n-. F-n-epw C-{]- n-bn- am-{Xw H-cp \n-th-Z-\-I- am-{X-am-hp-I-bpw
Im-cw H-cp cm-Pyw D-s-v Rm- hn-iz-kn-p-- sN-p-I.
10. A--ap-A--Izv: _p-Jm-cn, ap-kv-enw, Xn--anXv ap-X-hm-Xn-dm-b \n-th-Z-\-n-eq-sS-bm-Wv. apX-hmXn-dmb lZo-kp-I hfsc Ipdv am{Xtabpq Zn t]m-ep- l-Zo-kv D--cn-p--h-cp-sS A-Sp-p4. J-_-dp--hm-ln-Zv: ap-X-hm-Xn- A-m- l- I-n-bn- X-s \n-th-Z-I- hn-p-t]m-hp-I, HZo- k p- I - Fmw kmt- X n- I - a mbn J_- d p cm- hn-p-t]m-hp--Xpw H-cm-fn- Iq-Sp-X- hn-phmlnZv BsWv ]d-bmw. ]-v t]- D--cn- l- t]m-hp--Xpw Xo-sc ]-c--c-bn-m-Xn-cn--epw XpZo-km-sW-n-epw J-_-dp- hm-ln-Zv F-v ]-d-bpw. ey-am-Wv. D-Zm: _p-Jm-cn ]-d-bp-p: C-_v-\p-D-a-(d)
A-Jv _m-dp- B-lm-Zv F-pw C-Xn-\v ]-d-bpw. hn- C-{]-Im-cw ]-d-p: _p-Jm-cn(-d) C-_v-\p D-a-(-d)izm-k Im-cy--v a-p- sX-fn-hp-I- C-m- hn-s\ H-cn--epw I-n-n-. C-hn-sS k-\-Zv Xo-sc]-w J-_v-dp- hm-ln-Zv kzo-I-cn-- \n--_-- bn-. kz-lo-lv _p-Jm-cn-bn- A-[ym-b-n-\p-tian-s-v a-Zv-l-_n-s `q-cn-]-w C-am-ap-I-fpw, C- jw C-{]-Im-cw Nn-e l-Zo-kp-I- Im-Wmw. C-XnAu-loZv
! 23 !
! 24 !
jy-s kp-hy--am-b _p-n-pw (kz-co-lp- AIzv-e) A-\p-`-h-m-\-n-\pw F-Xn-cm-bn D--cnp- l-Zo-kp-I-fpw Cu C-\-n- D--s-Sp-p.
\-_n(-kz)-bp-sS _p-n-v kn-lv-dv _m-[n-p F-v
]-d-bp- l-Zo-kv t]m-se. auZqAv Bb lZo-kpI Hcn-epw kzoIm-cy-a-.
20. A--a-Jv-eq-_v: H-cp k-\-Zpw th-sdm-cp k\-Zpw ]-c-kv-]-cw Iq-Sn--e---Xv A-s-n- h-N\-n- X-s A-n-a-dn kw-`-hn--Xv. D-Zm: \n-fp-sS C-S-Xp-ssI sN-e-hv sN-p--Xv h-e-Xp-ssI
A-dn-b-cp-sX-v \-_n(-kz) ]-d--Xm-bn C-amw apkv-enw D--cn- l-Zo-kv, kp-Pq-Zn- H--Iw ap-p-Ipp--Xp-t]m-se ap-p-Ip--cp-sX-v hn-tcm-[n--tijw B-Zyw ssI-h-bv--Ww F-v \-_n(-kz) ]-d-Xm-bn A-_q-Zm-hq-Zpw a-pw D--cn- l-Zo-kv.
C-hn-sS h-e-Xp-ssI C-S-Xp-ssI-bm-bpw Im--ap-v
ssI-I-fm-bpw A-n-a-dn-p.
21. Am-v: Iq-Sp-X- hn-iz-kv-X- D--cn- lZo-kn-\v hn-cp--am-bn hn-iz-kv-X- D--cn- l-Zo-kv.
D-Zm: kv-{Xo-I--v ho-Sm-Wv D--aw F-v ]-d-bp l-Zo-kv. kv{XoIsf ]n-bn\nv XS-b-cpXv
F IqSp-X i-amb lZokv Dm-bn-cns
imn\v {]m_-ey-an-.
22. A--ap--I-: hn-iz-kv-X- D--cn- l-Zokn- ]-d-bp- B-i-b-n-\v F-Xn-cm-bn Zp--_-e D--cn- l-Zo-kv. D-Zm: kzp-_v-lv \-a-kv-Im-c-n \-_n(-kz) Zp--bm-hn- \n-v hn-S-]-d-bp--Xph-sc Izp-\q-Xv Hm-Xn F-v ]-d-bp- l-Zo-kv (Zm-dIzp-Xzv-\n, ss_-l-Izn). \-_n(-kz) _n-kv-an D-d-s
Hm-Xn F-v ]-d-bp- l-Zo-kv (l-Iow, Zm-d-Izp-Xzv\n). Ch Hpw kzoIm-cy-a-.
23. A--a-Xv-dq-Iv: \n-th-Z-I- I-f-hv ]-d-bp-sav D-d-v C-s-n-epw km-[y-X-bp-s-v [-cn--sSp- \n-th-Z-I- D--cn-p- l-Zo-kv.
24. A--ap-A--: _m-ly-am-bn \yq-\-X-I-fns-n-epw kq-v-a \n-co--W-n- am-{Xw \yq\-X-I- I-s-n-b l-Zo-kp-I-. D-Zm: hn-Xv-dn-
\-_n(-kz) Izp-\q-Xv Hm-Xn-b-Xm-bn ]-d-bp- l-Zokp-I-. H-tc Im-e-v Po-hn--h-\pw ]-c-kv-]-cw lZo-kv tI--p-I-bpw sN-bv-X \n-th-Z-I-\n- \n-v
t\-cn-v tI--m- H-cp l-Zo-kv t\-cn-vtI-n-p-sv [-cn-n-p- ]-Zw D-]-tbm-Kn-v D--cn- l-Zokv D-b---s- \n-th-Z-\w sN-bv-X l-Zo-kv. Cu
C-\w I-p-]n-Sn-p-hm- h-f-sc {]-bm-k-am-Wv.
25. A--ap-Zv-Xz-d-_v: ]-c-kv-]-cw B-i-b-n-\v
hn-cp--am-b cq-]-n- dn-tm--v sN--s--Xpw GXm-Wv i-cn-sb-v Xn-cn--dn-bm-\m-hm--Xp-am-b lZo-kp-I-. D-Zm: an-Av-dm-Pn-s cm-{Xn-bn- Hm-tcm
\-_n-am-sc \-_n(-kz) Ip-ap-nb B-Im-i--
\n--W-bn-v ]-d-bp- l-Zo-kp-I-.
26. A--ap-Zv-d-Pv(-^n--a-Xv-\n): l-Zo-kn-s Bi-b-n- \-_n(kz) ]-d-bm--Xv \n-th-Z-I-m-cpsS h-I-bm-bn Iq-n-t--v D--cn- l-Zo-kp-I-.
P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012
.............................................................................
! 25 !
33. A--ap-Av-X-^v h- ap-Jv-X-e-^v: \n-th-Z-Is t]-cv F-gp-n-s cq-]-n- a-sm-cp \n-th-ZI-s t]-cp-am-bn tbm-Pn-p-I. D-m-c-W-n- hyXym-k-s-Sp-I-bpw sN-p-I.
34. A--ap-X-im-_n-lv: \n-th-Z-I--am-cp-sS t]cp-I- tbm-Pn-p-I-bpw ]n-Xm--m-cp-sS t]-cp-I hy-Xym-k-s-Sp-I-bpw sN-p-I.
35. kzn-b-Kp- A-Zm-Cu: l-Zo-kv \n-th-Z-\w
sN-p- co-Xn-I-. D-Zm: l--k-\m--A--_-A-\m-A-Jv-_-d-\m
36. ap-k--k: ]-c--c-bp-sS H-cp kz-`m-h-amWn-Xv. \n-th-Z-I-m- ]-c-kv-]-cw G-sX-n-ep-sam-cp
cq-]-n-tem A-h--bn-tem tbm-Pn-v h-cn-I. DZm: ap-l--Zv \-_n(-kz) X-s Xm-Sn ]n-Sn-v sImv A-l--Zn-t\m-Sv ]-d-p: A-l--Zv X-s XmSn-]n-Sn-p-sIm-v aq-k-tbm-Sv ]-d-p.
37. A-m-_n-Izv h-m-ln-Izv: c-v \n-th-Z-Im- H-tc D-kv-Xm-Zn- \n-v l-Zo-kp-I- D--cnp. Cu c-v t]-cn- H-cm- B-Zyw a-cn-p-I.
38. A- D-ep-hp- ap-Xzv-e-Jv: H-cp l-Zo-kv cv ]-c--c-I-fn-eq-sS D--cn--s-Sp-I. B-cw-`w apX--\-_n-h-sc ]-cn-K-Wn-v t\m-p-tm- H-cp ]c--c-bn- \n-th-Z-I-m-cp-sS F-w Ip-d-bv-p-I.
Cu Ip-d- ]-c--c-bp-sS t]-cv \n-th-Z-I-m-cp-sS
F-w Ip-d-bpw-tXm-dpw l-Zo-kn-s i-n h--[np--Xm-Wv.
39. A--D-eq-hp- \n-k-_v: c-v ]-c--c-bn-epw
{]-kn--\mb H-cp \n-th-Z-I- D-m-hp-I. A-bmfn-te-v tN--n-t\m-p--Xn-s\ ]-cn-K-Wn-v Hcp ]-c--c-bn- \n-th-Z-I- Ip-d-hv h-cn-I.
40. ap-km-hm-Xv: c-v ]-c--c-I-fn-se-bpw \n-thZ-I-m-cp-sS F-w Xp-ey-am-hp-I.
41. A-Jv-dm-\v: in-jy-\pw D-kv-Xm-Zpw h-b-n-tem
]-Z-hn-bn-tem Xp-ey-am-hp-I.
42. ap-Z--Pv: in-jy- D-kv-Zm-Xn- \n-pw D-kvXm-Zv in-jy-\n- \n-pw l-Zo-kv D--cn-p-I.
43. a-Pv-lq-ep- sF-\n: \n-th-Z-I-s\-p-dn-v
bm-sXm-cp A-dn-hpw C-m-Xn-cn-p-I. D-Zm: ap-l-Zv H-cp ]p-cp-j-\n- \n-v \n-th-Z-\w sN-p-p. tKv tcm-Kw ]n-im-Nm-Wv D-m-p--Xv F-v ]-d-bp l-Zo-kv t]m-se.
44. a-Pv-lq-ep--lm-en: \n-th-Z-I-s t]-cv Adn-bp-sa-n-epw A-bm- hn-iz-kv-X-\m-tWm A--tbm
F-v A-dn-bp-I-bn-. a-c-W-s--h-s A-Sp-p-shv bm-ko- Hm-Xp-hm- ]-d-bp- l-Zo-kv t]m-se
(A-_q-Zm-hq-Zv) a-kv-Xq- F-v C-Xn-\v ]-d-bpw.
45. A--C-Av-Xn-_m-: H--s- l-Zo-kn-s\ in-s-Sp-p- a-p l-Zo-kp-I- D-tm F-v ]cn-tim-[n-p--Xn-\m-Wv Cu t]-cv ]-d-bp-I. C-Xv
l-Zo-kn-s H-cp {]-tXy-I C-\-a-.
46. im-ln-Zv: H-cp l-Zo-kn-s B-i-b-tm-Sv ]Z-n-epw B-i-b-n-epw A-s-n- B-i-b-n am-{X-am-tbm tbm-Pn-p- \n-e-bv-v a-sm-cp kzP\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012
! 26 !
Ihtmdn
hymP lZo-kp-I
D-hhpw Imc-W
- fpw
hn-ip- Izp--B-t]m-se \_n(-kz)-bpsS Im e-p-Xs l-Zo-kp-I-fp-sS
k-am-lm-cw \-S-m Xv sIm-v X-ev-]-c-I-n-I-fpw Kq-tVm-t-iyw D-nsem-fn-n-p-sh--h-cpw C-kv-em-an-s\-Xn-sc hn-hn-[ am--K--fn- {]-h--n-h-cp-sa-mw A-h-cp-sS A-h-k-c-- D-]-tbm-K-s-Sp-n. hn-hn-[ B-hiy---m-bn Hm-tcm-cp--cpw \-_n(kz)-bp-sS t]-cn- I-f-hp-I- ]-d-bpI-bpw {]-N-cn-n-p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. \n-jv-I-f--cpw \n-jv-I-]-S-cp-am-b B-fpI-sf C--cw I-f-hp-I-fp-sS h-e-bn- s]-Sp-m- {i-an-p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp.
-kv-em-an-s A-Sn-m-\ {]-amW--fm-Wv hn-ip- Izp--B-\pw Xncp-kp--pw. C-Xv c-n-s\-bpw Ah-ew-_n-m-Wv C-kv-em-an-I hn-izmk--fpw B-cm-[-\m A-\p-jv-Tm-\-fpw kz-`m-h-kw-kv-Im-c ta-J-e-Ifp-sa-mw cq-]-s-Sp--Xv. \-_n(-kz)
Po-hn--Im-e-v A-hn-Sp-v ]m-cm-bWw sN-bv-Xp-sIm-Sp-p- hn-ip-
Izp--B- hm-Iy--fn- \n-pw AAu-loZv
! 27 !
hn-Sp-s \-S-]-Sn-{I-a--fn- \n-pw a-Xw ]-Tn-pI-bm-bn-cp-p A-hn-Sp-s in-jy-m- sN-bv-Xn-cp-Xv. hn-ip- Izp--B- hn-hn-[ {]-X-e--fn-epw
a-\p-jy-a-\-p-I-fn-epw tc-J-s-Sp-n A-h- kqn-n-cp-p.
{]-hm-N-I-N-cy-bm-I-s, \-_n(-kz)-bn-\n-v t\cn-v I-pwtIpw ]-Tn-p-I-bpw ]-I--p-I-bp-ambn-cp-p sN-bv-Xn-cp--Xv. A-dn-bm--h- tNm-Znpw A-t\z-jn-pw a-\-nem-p-I-bpw A-Xym-hiy-ap--h A-ev-]m-ev-]-am-bn tc-J-s-Sp-n-sh-bvP\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012
p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xn-cp-p. hn-ip- Izp--B- BZy-w {]-hm-N-I-s Im-e-p-X-s tc-J-s-Spp-I-bpw A-_q-_-Iv-dn(-d)s Im-e-v A-Xv Hscm- ]p-kv-X-I-am-bn "ap-kzv-l-^v' cq-]-s-Sp-I-bpw
sN-bv-Xp. ]n-o-Sv A-Xn-s ]-I--p-I- F-Sp-v
hn-hn-[ cm-Py--fn- F-n-p-I-bp-ap-m-bn. Cpw A-tX ap-kzv-l-^n-s ]-I--p-I- X-s
\mw A-h-ew-_n-p-p.
\-_n-N-cy-sb kw-_-n-v C--c-sam-cp nXn D-m-bn-. A-Xv hm-p-I-fn-eq-sS-bpw {]-hrn-I-fn-eq-sS-bpw X-e-ap-d-I-fn-te-v ssI-am-dp-Ibm-Wp-m-b-Xv. F-gp--dn-bm-hp- G-Xm-\pw Nne- kz-Im-cy B-h-iy---m-bn A-h-bn- Nn-esX-mw F-gp-Xn kq-n-p-I-bpw ]-Tn-p-I-bpw
sN-bv-Xn-cp-p-sh-n-epw hym-]-I-am-bn F-gp-Xn-kqn-n-cp-n-. H-pw c-pw \q-m-v ]n-n--tXmsS, \-_n-N-cy ]q--W-am-bn tc-J-s-Sp-n-sh-W-sa- Nn--bpw B-h-iy-hpw h-cn-I-bpw A-Xn\mbp- {i-a-- \-S-p-I-bp-ap-m-bn. ImcWw \
_n(-kz)-bn \nv t\cnv Zo ]Tn kzlm-_nam Cu temI-tmSv hnS-]-d-p. \m\m-Zn-pI-fnepw ]pXnb Xe-ap-d-I Ckvem-an-tev ISp-h-p-sIm-n-cp-p. Am-es ]n-X-hcy-m-cpsS BmYamb {ia^-e-am-bn \-_n-Ncy-bp-sS k-am-lm-c--fm-b l-Zo-kv {K--- cq]-s-Sp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp.
hn-ip- Izp--B-t]m-se \_n(-kz)-bpsS Im
e-p-Xs l-Zo-kp-I-fp-sS k-am-lm-cw \-S-m
Xv sIm-v X-ev-]-c-I-n-I-fpw Kq-tVm-t-iyw
D-n-sem-fn-n-p-sh--h-cpw C-kv-em-an-s\-Xn-sc hnhn-[ am--K--fn- {]-h--n--h-cp-sa-mw A-h-cpsS A-h-k-c-- D-]-tbm-K-s-Sp-n. hn-hn-[ Bh-iy---m-bn Hm-tcm-cp--cpw \-_n(kz)-bp-sS
t]-cn- I-f-hp-I- ]-d-bp-I-bpw {]-N-cn-n-p-I-bpw
sN-bv-Xp. \n-jv-I-f--cpw \n-jv-I-]-S-cp-am-b B-fpI-sf C--cw I-f-hp-I-fp-sS h-e-bn- s]-Sp-m {i-an-p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. C-Xn-s ^-e-am-bn ]n-m-e-v C-kv-em-an-I tem-I-v [m-cm-fw A-hn-izm-k--fpw A-\m-Nm-c--fpw A-_--P-Une-hpw bp-n-hn-cp--hp-am-b B-i-b--fpw {]-N-cnp-I-bp-m-bn.
C--cw A-Sn-m-\-c-ln-X-amb Im-cy--fn-
\n-v ap-kv-enw k-aq-l-s \-sm-c-f-thm-fw c-s-Sp-m- C-kv-em-an-I ]-n-X-m-cp-sS I-Tn-\{i-a---v km-[n-p-I-bp-m-bn. F-n-epw C-cw ssh-I-ey--fp-sS kzm-[o-\w C-pw C-kvem-an-I k-aq-l-n- \n-e-\n--p-p-sh-p-Xv G-sd Zp:J-I-c-am-b H-c-h--X-s-bm-Wv. hymP-l-Zo-kp-I- \n--an-p-I-bpw A-Xv {]-N-cn-n-pI-bpw sN-bv-X-Xn-\v {]-tXy-I-am-b Nn-e km-l-Ncy--fpw Im-c-W--fp-ap-m-bn-cp-p-sh-v N-cn-{X]-cn-tim-[-\-bn- \n-v \-ap-v a-\-n-em-Ip--XmWv.
Au-loZv
! 28 !
.............................................................................
C-_v-\p-A-m-kv(-d)-hn-s
hm-p-I- {i-n-p-I.
A-m-lp-hn-s Zq-X-
]-d-n-cn-p-p-sh-v
]-d-p-sIm-v B-sc-n-epw
kw-km-cn-m- R--f-Xn-te-v
I-pw Im-Xpw \-ev-In {i-n-p-ambn-cp-p. F-m- P-\-- sX-n-sbpw i-cn-bp-sS-Xp-am-b am--K--fn-tev I-S-p-sNm- Xp-S-n-b-tXm-sS
P-\--fn-\n-v R--
kzo-I-cn-m- A-h--h-p.
(ap-J-n-a-p ap-kv-enw)
.............................................................................
l-n- ]p-Xn-b co-Xn-bn-ep- tN-cn-Xn-cn-hp-I-
{]-Xy--s-p. C-Xn-s ^-e-am-bn ]-c-kv-]-cw AI-pw t]m-c-Sn-pw \n- hn-`m-K-- X--fp-sS
\n-e-]m-Sp-I-sf \ym-bo-I-cn-m-\pw km-[q-I-cn-m\pw {]-hm-N-I-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bp-sS t]-cn- I-f-hp-I-
]-d-p-m-m-\pw Xp-S-n. C-kv-em-an--\n-v AI- I-n-I-fm-Wv C-Xn-s\-mw t\-Xr-Xzw sImSp--Xv. C-_v-\p-A-m-kv(-d)-hn-s hm-p-I- {in-p-I. A-m-lp-hn-s Zq-X- ]-d-n-cn-p-psh-v ]-d-p-sIm-v B-sc-n-epw kw-km-cn-m R--f-Xn-te-v I-pw Im-Xpw \-ev-In {i-np-am-bn-cp-p. F-m- P-\-- sX-n-s-bpw
i-cn-bp-sS-Xp-am-b am--K--fn-te-v I-S-p-sNm Xp-S-n-b-tXm-sS P-\--fn-\n-v R-- kzoI-cn-m- A-h--h-p. (ap-J-n-a-p ap-kv-enw)
Nn-e Im-c-W--
A-m-lp-hn-s d-kq-(-kz) ]-d-n-cn-p-p
F-v ]-d-p-sIm-v H-cp-Im-cyw ]-d-bp-tm- AXn-\p e-`n-p- kzo-Im-cy-X-bm-Wv hym-P-l-Zo-kpI- {]-N-cn-n-p-sIm-v Im-cy-- km-[n-s-Spm- t{]-c-I-am-b-Xv. A-m-lp ]-d-n-cn-p-psh-v ]-d-bp-tm- A-Xv hn-ip- Izp--B- ]cn-tim-[n-m- Xo-cp-am-\n-m- I-gn-bp- Im-cyam-bn-cp--Xn-\m- A-Xn-em-cpw A-{X-X-s {i-sIm-Sp-n-. \-_n-N-cy ]q--W-am-bpw k-am-l-cnn F- Im-c-Ww-sIm-v am-{Xw A-Xv ap-X-se-Spp-I-bm-bn-cp-p Zp-jv-S-em-p--h- sN-bv-X-Xv.
cm-jv-{So-b-hpw hw-io-b-hpw hn-`m-Ko-b-hpw I-n]-c-hpw a-Zv-l-_v ]-c-hp-am-b Im-c-W---v ]p-dsa a-X-\n-tj-[n-I-fpw `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fpw kn-_-n-I-fpw Xp-S-n I-Ym-Im-c-m-cpw F-mw Ah-cp-tS-Xm-b ]-v C-Xn- h-ln-n-p-v. k--thm]cn a-X-hn-izm-kn-I-fm-b `--m- P-\--fn- hnizm-k-hpw B-cm-[-\-hpw h--[n-n-m- D-t-in-pAu-loZv
! 29 !
cm-jv-{So-b Xm-ev-]-cy---p-th-n
{]-hm-N-I-s Im-e-ti-jw \m-ep -J-eo-^-am-
C-kv-em-an-I Jn-em-^-v \-S-p-I-bp-m-bn. AXn-s\-p-S--v h- D-a-ho-Im-e-L--hpw A-mkn-bm Im-e-L--hpw A-[n-Im-c-n-\p-th-n-bp-
a--c-- \-S- L---fm-Wv. Cu a--c-n-
Hm-tcm I-n-bpw X--fp-sS A-[n-Im-cw \-_n(kz)
{]-h-Nn--X-\p-k-cn-p--Xm-sW-v h-cp-n-o-m- {i-an-p-I-bp-m-bn. C-Xn-\m-bn \-_n-h-N\-- N-a-p-m-p-I-bm-Wv Hm-tcm-cp--cpw sNbv-X-Xv.
D-a-ho `-c-W-n-s-Xn-sc A-Y-hm _-\q D-a-
tKm-{X-n-s-Xn-sc {]-N-cn-n--s- \-_n-h-N-\-fp-sS cq-]w t\m-p-I. ap-B-hn-b-sb ss_-Av sN-bv-X-ti-jw A-en(-d)-hn-s ]p-{X- l-k(-d)-hn-s t\-sc sN-p-sIm-v H-cm- ]-d-p:
Xm-- ap-kv-enw-I-fp-sS ap-Jw h-j-fm-n. C-XptI- l-k-(-d) ]-d-p. \o F-s B-t-]ncp-Xv. \-_n(-kz) _-\q- D-a--sb X-s an--dn-
(kz-]v-\-n-) Im-Wp-I-bpw A-Xv A-hn-Sp-tv {]-bm-k-ap-m-p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xn-p-v. A-tm A-Xn-s\-p-dn-m-Wv KdG YCG fEG F- A-[ymb-hpw Q~dG d dfCG fEG F- A-[ym-b-hpw A-h-Xcn--Xv. ap-l--Zv, Xm---p-ti-jw _-\q-D-a- A[n-Im-cw I--S-pw(-Xn--an-Zn). C-tX-t]m-se a-smcp dn-tm--v t\m-p-I. d-kq-(-kz) l-I-ap-_v-\p
A-_p--B-kzn-s a-- Ip-c-n-s\-tm-se Xs an--dn-te-v Nm-Sn--b-dp--Xv (kz-]v-\-n)Im-Wp-I-bp-m-bn. A-Xv A-hn-Sp-t-v h-en-b
{]-bm-k-ap-m-n. A-Xn-\p-ti-jw A-hn-Sp-v a-cnp-thm-fw H-cn--epw Nn-cn-p-I-bp-m-bn-n-. Cu
hn-j-b-n- A-m-lp
p-I.
H-cn-- \-_n(-kz) A-m-kn-(d)t\m-Sv ]-dp: \n--fp-sS Iq--n- \n-m-Wv {]-hm-N-IXz-hpw A-[n-Im-c-hpw (ss_-l-Izn). a-sm-cn--
\-_n (kz) A-m-kn-s\ hn-fn-v A-t-l-s Hcp h-kv-{X-a-Wn-bn-v A-t-l-n-\pw ]n-o-Sv h-cp a---pw th-n Zo--L-am-bn {]m--Yn-p. AXn- Jn-em-^-v A-t-l-n-s Ip-Spw-_-]-c-c-bn- \n-e-\n--m--th-n-bpw {]m--Yn-p-I-bpm-bn (Xn--an-Zn). a-sm-cp-\-_n-h-N-\w t\m-p-I.
\-_n(-kz) A-m-kn-s\ t\m-n-sm-v ]-d-p.
C-Xv F-s ]n-Xr-k-tlm-Z-c-\m-Wv. \m-ev-]-Xv Jeo-^-am-cp-sS ]n-Xm-hv. Izp-ssd-in-I-fn-se G--hpw
h-en-b D-Zm-c-, G--hpw kp--c-\pw. C-t-l-ns a--fm-Wv k-^v-^m-lv, a--kzq-, a-lv-Zn Fn-h-. ]n-Xr-k-tlm-Z-cm, F-n-eq-sS A-m-lp
Cu Im-cyw Xp-d-p. C-\n Xm--fp-sS H-cp ]p-{X\n-eq-sS C-Xv A-h-km-\n-n-p-Ip-bw sN-pw. ap Nn-e dn-tm--p-I-fn- A-m-kv Ip-Spw-_-n \n-v A-[n-Im-cw Xp-S-n A-Xv Cu-km-\ _nbn- F-p-thm-fw \o-p-\n--p-sa-v ]-d-bp-Xm-bn Im-Wmw (Z-bv-e-an)
io-B hn-`m-Kw A-m-kn-b, Jn-em-^-n-s\Xn-sc Xn-cn-bm-Xn-cn-m- N-a-p-m-n-b Nn-e hN-\--fpw c-k-I-c-am-Wv. C-h-bn-e-[n-I-hpw A-en(d) X-s dn-tm--v sN-p--tXm A-en-bp-sS kmn-[y-n- \-_n(-kz) ]-d-bp--Xm-bn a-p--h-
dn-tm--v sN-p- cq-]-n-tem B-Wv. A-en(-d)
X-s dn-tm--v sN-p--Xm-bn ]-d-bp- H-n-
Pn-_v-cn-(-A) H-cn-- I-dp--X-e-m-hpw I-dp h-kv-{X-hp-a-Wn-v \-_n(-kz)bp-sS A-cn-sI
h-p. C-Xv F-m-Wv C--s\ ]-Xn-hn-m- thj-n- F-v tNm-Zn--tm- Pn-_v-co- ]-d-Xv C-Xv A-m-kn-s a--fp-sS cm-P-Io-b th-jam-Wv F-m-Wv. a-sm-cn-- A-en-bp-sS km-n[y-n- sh-v \-_n(-kz) A-m-kn-t\m-Sv ]-dp: A-[n-Im-cw Xm--fp-sS a--fn-em-bn-cn-pw.
F-n-v A-en-bp-sS t\-sc-Xn-cn-p ]-d-p. \ns a--fn- B--pw C-Xv e-`n-p-I-bn-. C-s\ th-sd-bpw dn-tm--p-I-fp-v.
C-Xn-\v hn-cp--am-b \-_n-h-N-\--fpw [m-cm-fw
dn-tm--v sN--s--Xm-bn Im-Wmw. \-_n(-kz) ]d--Xm-bn Yu-_m- dn-tm--v sN-p-p. Am-kv Ip-Spw-_-n-\v \m-iw. A-h-sc I-dp-v hkv{X-a-Wn-bn-p. \-c-I-n-se h-kv-{X-am-Wv A-m-lp
[-cn-n--Xv. A-h-cp-sS \m-iw, C-h-cp-sS Ip-Spw-_n-se H-cm- h-gn-bm-bn-cn-pw F-p ]-d-psIm-v D-p-l-_o-_-bp-sS t\-sc \-_n(-kz) Nqn. I-dp- ]-Xm-I-bp-sS B-Zyw ^n-Xv-\-bpw a[yw
{]-bm-k-hpw A-h-km-\w \m-i-hp-am-bn-cn-p-sa-v
]-d-bp- th-sd-bpw dn-tm--p-I-fp-v. (hn-i-Zo-Ic-W-n-\v kp-bq-Xzn-bp-sS Xm-co-Jp- Jp-e-^m-Av
t\m-p-I). C--s\ c-jv-{So-b Xm-ev-]-cy---pAu-loZv
! 30 !
a-X-\n-tj-[n-I-
C-kv-em-an-s A-Sn--m-\ {]-am-W--fm-b hnip- Izp--B-t\m-Spw Xn-cp-\-_n-bp-sS {]-kv-Xm-h-tfm-Spw H-pw tbm-Pn-m- bp-n-iq-\y-hpw
hn-Uv-Vn-h
-- p-am-b B-i-b-- hn-izm-kn-I--nS-bn- {]-N-cn-n-p-I-bm-Wv C-h- sN-bv-X-Xv. Ckv-em-an-s\ A--Y-iq-\y-am-n P-\--sf A-Xn-
\n-v A-I-p-I F--Xm-Wv C-h- C-Xp-sIm-v ey-am-n-bn-cp--Xv. km-am-\y-_p-n-bpw a-\p-jy{]-Ir-Xn-bpw Aw-Ko-I-cn-m- H--\-h-[n Im-cy- C-h- \-_n-h-N-\-- F- t]-cn- {]-N-cn-np-I-bp-m-bn. C-h-cp-sS D-]-{Z-h-- Im-c-Ww
A-m-kn `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fn- Nn-e- C--cw Bfp-I-sf I-p-]n-Sn-v h-[n-p-I-f-bp-I h-sc-bp-mbn. C-h-cn- Nn-e- A-m-kn-I--s-Xn-cn-epw lZo-kp-I- D-m-n-bn-cp-p. C-amw kp-bq-Xzn At-l-n-s Xm-co-Jp- Jp-e-^m-C- D--cn-p-Xv t\m-p-I (]p-dw 216).
lm-dq- A--d-io-Zv H-cp a-X-\n-tj-[n-sb h-[nm- I-ev-]n-p. D-S-s\ A-h- tNm-Zn-p. F-n\m-Wv F-s h-[n-p--Xv? lm-dq- d-io-Zv ]-dp. P-\---v \n-n--\n-v c--In-m-. Atm- A-h- ]-d-bp--Xv. Xm-- F-v hn-Nm-cnp-p. Rm- {]-hm-N-I-s t]-cn- B-bn-cw lZo-kp-I- \n--an-n-p-v. A-Xn- H-c--cw-t]m-epw
{]-hm-N-I- ]-d--X-. C-Xp-tI- lm-dq-- d-ioZv ]-d-p. A-m-lp-hn-s i-{Xp-th \n-s I-Ysb-m-Wv? A-sX-mw A--cw-{]-Xn A-_q-C-kvlm-Jv A--^-km-cn-bpw A-_v-Zp-m-ln-_v-\p-ap-_md-Ipw th--Xn-cn-p-sh-n-cn-p-p'' (C-_v-\p-A-kmIn-)
C-cw- \n--an-Xn-I-sf-mw A--s a-lm-]n-X-m- th--Xn-cn-p-sh-p F-p--Xv F-pam-{Xw A-\p-{K-l-]q--W-am-b H-cp Im-cy-am-Wv. Nne \n-tj-[n-I- X-s A-[ym-]-I-s {K---fn.............................................................................
.............................................................................
I-Y P-\--sf B-I--jn-p- Im-cyam-Wv. I-Y-bm-bn ]-d-bp--Xn-te-v P\--fp-S {i- s]-s-v Xn-cn-bpw. AXp-sIm-p-X-s \-_n(-kz)-bp-sS t]cn- I-Y-bp-m-n A-h-X-cn-n-v P\-k-n-Xn t\-Sp-I-bpw A-Xn-eq-sS Pohn-tXm-]m-[n tX-Sp-I-bpw sN-p- Nne-cm-Wv C--cw B-fp-I-. H-pw hniz-k-\o-b-a-m- Im-cy-- \-_n
(kz) ]-d-n-cn-p-p-sh-v ]-d-v
A-h-X-cn-n-p-tm- km-[m-c-W-mcm-b B-fp-I- A-h-cn-te-v {i-
sIm-Sp-p-p.
.............................................................................
A-t-l-n-s A-{i--bn- C-cw I-
l-Zo-kp-I- I-S-n-q-n-b-Xm-bpw dn-tm--v sNs-n-p-v. H-cp-\n-tj-[n- \m-\q-dv l-Zo-kp-I-
\-_n-bp-sS t]-cn- N-a--Xmbn X-tm-Sv k--Xnp-sh-v A-m-kn Im-e-L--n-se `-c-Wm-[n-Imcn-bm-b a-lv-Zn ]-d-bp-p. C--cw I--{]-Nm-c-W- F-p-am-{Xw h-en-b D-]-{Z-h-am-Wv C-kv-em-anI k-aq-l-n-\v h-cp-n-sh-n-p--Xv!
I- Y m- I m- c - m-
I-Y P-\--sf B-I--jn-p- Im-cy-am-Wv. IY-bm-bn ]-d-bp--Xn-te-v P-\--fp-S {i- s]s-v Xn-cn-bpw. A-Xp-sIm-p-X-s \-_n(-kz)bp-sS t]-cn- I-Y-bp-m-n A-h-X-cn-n-v P-\k-n-Xn t\-Sp-I-bpw A-Xn-eq-sS Po-hn-tXm-]m-[n
tX-Sp-I-bpw sN-p- Nn-e-cm-Wv C--cw B-fp-I. H-pw hn-iz-k-\o-b-a-m- Im-cy-- \-_n(kz)
]-d-n-cn-p-p-sh-v ]-d-v A-h-X-cn-n-ptm- km-[m-c-W-m-cm-b B-fp-I- A-h-cn-tev {i- sIm-Sp-p-p. Im-cy-- th--Xn-cn--dnbm- am-{Xw hn-th-I-hpw A-dn-hp-an-m--h- CsX-mw t\-cm-sW- [m-c-W-bn- Aw-Ko-I-cn-pI-bpw sN-p-p. C--cw I-Ym-Im-c-m- ]-S-phn- \-_n-h-N-\--fpw kp-e-`-am-Wv. C-_v-\p--Pukn D--cn-p--Xv t\m-p-I. A-_v-Zp--h-eoZv Az-bm-e-kn ]-d-p. Rm- ip-A-_-tbm-sSm-nn-cn-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p. A-tm- H-cp bp-hm-hv hp. F-n-v l-Zo-kv tNm-Zn-p. A-tm- ip-Av_ A-h-t\m-Sv tNm-Zn-p. \o I-Ym-Im-c-\m-tWm?
A-h-. A-sX. A-tm- ip-Av-_ ]-d-p. t]mhpI. \mw I-Ym-Im-c-m-tcm-Sv l-Zo-kv ]-d-bm-dn-.
A-h- H-cp Nm- \o-f-ap- l-Zo-kv H-cp-ap-g-amn am-pw. (jQcG UdG) F- {K--n- D-cn--Xv)
I-Ym-Im-c-m--v s]m-Xp-P-\--fn-ep- kzmAu-loZv
! 31 !
[o-\w hy--am-p- a-sm-cp kw-`-hw t\m-pI. C-amw A-_q-l-\o-^-bp-sS am-Xm-hv H-cp hn-jb-n- a-X-hn-[n tX-Sn-b-tm- A-_q-l-\o-^ Xs A-h--v ^-Xv-h sIm-Sp-p. F-m-, amXm-hv A-Xv kzo-I-cn-n-. A-h- ]-d-p. I-YmIm-c-\m-b k--A ]-d-bp--X-m-sX Rm- kzo-Icn-p-I-bn-. D-S-s\ D--sb-bpw sIm-v A-_ql-\o-^ A-hn-sS-sN-p. A-_q-l-\o-^ hn-j-bw
A-h-X-cn-n-p. D-S-s\ k--A ]-d-p. Xm--
X-s hn-[n ]-d-p-sIm-Sp-p-I. Xm--fm-Wv Ft-m- Iq-Sp-X- hn-h-c-ap--bm-. A-tm-
A-_q-l-\o-^ ]-d-p. Rm- C--s\-sb-m-amWv hn-[n F-v ]-d-p-sIm-Sp--Xv. C-Xp-tI-v
k--A ]-d-p. A-_q-l-\o-^ ]-d--Xp-t]m-seX-s-bm-Wv Rm-\pw ]-d-bp--Xv. C-tXm-sS D-
Xr-]v-X-bm-hp-I-bpw a-S-n-tm-cp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp.
a-lm-]-n-X-\m-b A-_q-l-\o-^-bp-sS am-Xmhn-s Im-cyw-t]m-epw C--s\-bm-sW-n- a-p-h-cp-sS I-Y ]-d-tb--Xp-tm? P-\--sf \-bn-te-v t{]-cn-n-p-I F- D-t-iy-tm-SpIq-Sn-bpw I-Y-I- sa-\-p-m-n-bn-cp-p. Fm- G-Xp-t-iy-n-em-bn-cp-m-epw \-_n-(kz)bpsS t]-cn- C-m--Xv ]-d-bp-I-sb--Xv A-Xo-hKp-cp-X-c-am-b Im-cyw X-s-bm-Wv.
ta--]-d- Im-c-W---s-mw ]p-d-sa a-p
Nn-e Im-c-W--fpw hym-P-l-Zo-kv \n--am-W-n-\v
t{]-c-I-am-bn-p-v. a-Zv-l-_v ]--]m-Xn-Xz-hpw I-a-im-kv-{X-`n--X-I-fpw C-Xn- {]-[m-\-am-Wv. C-amw
im-^n-Cu(-d)-sb-p-dn-v \-_n(-kz) ]-d--Xm-bn
]-d-bp- Hcp hymPdn-tm--v t\m-p-I. ""F-s
k-ap-Zm-b-n- ap-l--Zp-_v-\p C-Zv-co-kv(C-amw im^n-Cu) F-sm-cm- D-m-Ipw. A-bm- C-_veo-kn-s\-m- F-s k-ap-Zm-b-n-\v D-]-{Z-h-ambn-cn-pw.'' C-Xn-s\ Xp-S--ph-cp- hm-N-Iw Bcm-Wv C-Xp-m-n-b-sX-v t_m-[y-am-p- X-cn-em-Wv. ""A-_q-l-\o-^ F-s k-ap-Zm-b-ns sI-Sm-hn-f-m-Wv'' C--s\ I-n-I--p-thn-bpw I--a-im-kv-{X ho--W-hy-Xym-k---\p-k-cn-pw l-Zo-kp-I- ]-S-p-m-n-bn-p-v.
C-h-sb-mw Xn-cn--dn-bp- hn-[w l-Zo-kv kzoIm-c--Xn-c-kv-Im-c-n-\v A-Sn--m-\-am-bn h--nt- \n-Zm-\-im-kv-{Xw A-m-e-p-X-s ]n-X-m- cq-]o-I-cn-p-I-bpw P-\--sf C-cw Ir-{Xna Xn-cn--dn-bm-\m-h-iy-am-b am--Ktc-J \--Ip-I-bpw sN-bv-Xn-p-v. C-Xn-s A-Snm-\-n- C-pw \-ap-v I--t-cp--h-I- Xncn--dn-bm- I-gn-bp-p. F-m-, Zp-jv-S-em-p-I Ch X-s tX-Sn-n-Sn-v {]-N-cn-n-p--sh-p-Xv G-sd Zp:J-I-c-am-Wv. C--cw hym-P-\n--anXn-I-fp-sS Zp-zm-[o-\w ap-kv-enw k-aq-l-n- Cpw \n-e-\n--p-p-sh-p--Xv {]-t_m-[-\-cwK-v {]-h--n-p--h-sc D-W--p Nn-n-m-
t{]-cn-n-t- Im-cy-am-Wv.
#
P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012
Ihtmdn
F A_vZp-emw kpan
! 32 !
QJ ` G U OSCG U e j fCH
(ihd hG) j~G Y
Xo---bm-bpw H-cp l-Zo-kn-s ]-c--c(-k-\Zv)
n-c-s-p F--Xv l-Zo-kn- ]-d-bp- kw-K-Xn
P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012
n-c-s-Xm-Ip-I F--Xn-s\ A-\n-hm-cy-am-pn-. l-Zo-kv hn-m-\-n- n-c-s- X-Xzam-Wn-Xv. (A--lm-hn- en-^-Xm-hm 2124)
lm-^n-Zv C-_v-\p-I-ko-dn(-d)s A--_m-C-kp lko-kv F- {]-kn-amb l-Zo-kv \n-Zm-\im-kv-{X-{K--n- C-{]-Im-cw H-cp A-[ym-bw Xs \-ap-v Im-Wmw.
e j fa G jZ dG e dG Ggh
j~`G Y QJ `c G U OSG U
hG Ph`T G jh OSG `j CG `M
(hG) U Y
hn-n-cp- ap-kv-enw-I--v \n--_--am-Ip-n-. {]tXy-In-v kz-lm-_n-h-cy-m--v. F-n-epw H-cp lZo-kv \-_n-bn- \n-v t\-cn-p tI--m-sX a-smcp kz-lm-_n ]-d-bp-I-bm-sW-n- ]-d-bp- hyn-bp-sS hn-iz-kv-X-X-sb am-{Xw ]-cn-K-Wn-m-sX
B-i-b-s(-a-Xv-\n-s\) Iq-Sn ]-cn-tim-[n-v kz-lm_n-am- X-p-I-bpw sIm-p-I-bpw sN-m-dp-mbn-cp-p. [m-cm-fw kw-`-h-- C-Xn-\v l-Zo-kp-Ifn--X-s \-ap-v Im-Wm- km-[n-p--Xm-Wv.
Nn-e D-Zm-l-c-W--
1. J-eo-^ D-a-(-d) a-c-W-tm-Sv A-Sp- k--`-n- kzp-ssl-_(-d) A-hn-sS {]-th-in-p. At-lw I-c--tm- D-a-(-d) ]-d-p. kzp-sslt_! \o I-c-bp-I-bm-tWm? Xo---bm-bpw \-_n
(kz) ]-d-bp-I-bp-m-bn. a-n-n-s ta- B-fpI- I-c-m- B a-n-v in-n--s-Sp--XmWv. D-a-dn(-d)s a-c-W-ti-jw B-C-i(-d)-tbm-Sv Cu
l-Zo-kv ]-d--tm- B-C-i(d) C-{]-Im-cw ]-dp.
\nt
hZ
\
w
sN
s
S
p
-Xv. AD--cw: kz-lm-_n-am-cp-sS Im-e-v {]-hm-NIs t]-cn- hym-P-am-b l-Zo-kp-I- \n--an--s- Xn-\m- ]n--m-e-s ap-kv-enw-I--v
Sp-I-bp-m-bn-n. A-h-cp-sS Im-e-L-w I-gn- l-Zo-kv kzo-I-cn-p-hm- ap-kv-enw temti-j-am-Wv \n--an-X-hpw hym-P-hpw Zp--_-e-hp-am- Iw Aw-Ko-I-cn- A-Sn-m-\-X-Xz-- \b e---W-n-\v l-Zo-kp-I- \n-th-Z-\w sN-s-Sp--Xv. A-Xn-\m- ]n--m-e-s ap-kv-enw- _n (kz)-bp-sS Im-e-pw kz-lm-_n-am-cpI--v l-Zo-kv kzo-I-cn-p-hm- ap-kv-enw tem- sS Im-e-pw Po-hn-n-cp- ap-kv-enw-I-Iw Aw-Ko-I-cn- A-Sn-m-\-X-Xz-- \-_n (kz)- v \n--_--am-Ip-n-.
bp-sS Im-e-pw kz-lm-_n-am-cp-sS Im-e-pw PoAu-loZv ! 33 ! P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012
c idG G d BG fG U dG b G
(JG `J fEG) BG`b K ``G `g `d bCG
(QdG)
\-_n(-kz) ]-d--Xv, Xo---bm-bpw Rm- Ah-tcm-Sv ]-d-n-cp--Xv C-tm- A-h- k-Xy-amsW-v A-dn-bp-p-v F-p am{XamWv. ti-jw
B-C-i(-d) C-{]-Im-cw ]m-cm-b-Ww sN-bv-Xp. (Xo--bm-bpw a-c-W-s--h-sc \o tI--n-p-I-bn-.
Iz-_v-dm-fn-I-sf-bpw \o tI--n-p--h-\-). (_pJm-cn 3981)
3. ap-l--Zv \-_n(-kz) an-Av-dm-Pn-s cm-{Xn-bn A-m-lp-hn-s\ Ipsh-v {]-K--cm-b Nn-e
kz-lm-_n-am- ]-d- hn-h-cw B-C-i(-d)-tbm-Sv
]-d--tm- A-Xn-s\ \n-tj-[n-p-sIm-v B
a-l-Xn ]-d-p.
(QdG) dGh H fT
[n-Iw tIm-]n-p-I-bpw Cu \n-th-Z-\-s X-nsm-v C-{]-Im-cw hn-h-cnp-Ibpw sNbvXp. \_n(-kz) ]-d--Xv Pm-ln-enm Im-e-s ap-iv-cnp-I-fpw Pq-X-m-cpw aq-v Im-cy-n-em-Wv Zp-Ip-\-sa-v ]-d-bp-p. Ip-Xn-c, kv-{Xo, ho-Sv. A_q-lpdbv-d(-d)-bpw a-pw I-b-dn h--tm- B-Zy`m-Kw tI--p-I-bp-m-bn-. A-h-km-\-`m-Kw am{X-am-Wv A-h- tI--Xv. A-Xn-\m- aq-v Im-cyn- Zp--Ip-\-ap-s-v ]-d--Xv \-_n(-kz)-bpsS {]-kv-Xm-h-\-bm-sW-v A-h- sX-n--cn--XmWv (A-lv-a-Zv, C-_v-\p-Jp-ssk-a, lm-Inw) (_pJm-cn 2853).
B-C-i(-d) \n-tj-[n-v C-{]-Im-cw ]-d--Xv
_p-Jm-cn-bp-sS \n-th-Z-\-n- C-s-n-epw A-lva-Zv, C-_v-\p-Jp-ssk-a, lm-Inw ap-X-em-b-h- D-cn- kz-lo-lm-b l-Zo-kn- h-n-p--Xm-Wv. C_v-\p-l-P-(-d) ]-d-bp-p.
! 35 !
! 36 !
! 37 !
(eh QdG)
C- _ v - \ p A- m- k v ( - d ) ]d- b pp: A- _ v - Z p- ssIz-kn-s \n-th-Z-I-kw-Lw H-cn-- \-_n(-kz)bp-sS A-Sp-- h-p. \-_n(-kz) ]-d-p: \n-tfm-Sv \m-ev Im-cy Rm- I-ev-]n-p-I-bpw
\m-ev Im-cy-- hn-tcm-[n-p-I-bpw sN-p-p. Npcm-tXm-Sp-sIm-p-m-n-b ]m-{Xw, ]- \n-dap- sXm-n, Cu---\-bp-sS aq-e-`m-Kw ap-dn-sSp-v D-m-n-b ]m-{Xw, Xm--]q-in-b ]m-{Xw apX-em-b-h Rm hntcm-[n-pp (_p-Jm-cn 53, apkv-enw 23).
Cu l-Zo-kv C-amw _p-Jm-cn-bpw ap-kv-en-apw
Cu-am-\n-s (hn-izm-k-n-s) A-[ym-b-n-emWv D--cn-p--Xv. A-d-_n-I-fp-sS a-Zym-k-n temI-N-cn-{X-n- h-f-sc Ip-{]-kn--am-bn-cp-p. a-Zyap-m-m- ]-e-X-cw ]m-{X-- A-h- D-]-tbmKn-n-cp-p. B ]m-{X--sf-p-dn-m-Wv l-Zo-kn {]-kv-Xm-hn-p--Xv. a-Zyw hn-tcm-[n--tm- AXn-s\-p-dn-p- ]-g-b Nn--t]m-epw C-m-Xm-phm-\m-bn Cu ]m-{X--sf-bpw \-_n(-kz) hn-tcm[n-p. C-Xv a-X-n-s im-iz-X-hpw A-ew-L-\o-bhp-am-b H-cp \n-b-aw F- \n-e-bv--. {]-Xyp-X Hcp Xm--m-en-I hn-tcm-[w am-{X-am-Wv. C-v Cu
\n-tcm-[-\w \n-e-\n--p-n-. Cu ]m-{X-- \ap-v D-]-tbm-Kn-mw. C-amw im-^n-Cu(d)bpw Camw \-h-hn(-d)bpw C-amw A-_q-l-\o-^(-d)bpw lZo-kn-s km-l-N-cyw a-\-n-em-n C-{]-Im-cw hymJym-\n-p-p.
C-amw am-en-Iv(-d) C-amw A-lv-a-Zv(-d) C-amw Ckv-lm-Jv(-d) ap-X-em-b-h-cpw C-_v-\p-D-a-(-d) C-_v\p-A-m-kv(-d) ap-X-em-b kz-lm-_n-am-cpw C-{]Im-cw X-s ]-d-bp-p (i--lp ap-kv-enw 1/220)
A-\-kv(-d) \n-th-Z-\w: \-_n(-kz) A-cp-fn: ]n-bn- Xp-p--Xv Ip--a-am-Wv. F-m- A-Xns {]m-b-n-w A-Xv ]-n-bn- I-gn-p-aq-S-emWv. (_p-Jm-cn 415, ap-kv-enw 552).
\-_n-bp-sS Im-e-v ]-n-bn- a-W-em-bn-cpp. am_ntfm ssStkm ]Xn- ]n-bn hr
n-tI-Sp-I Im Ipgn-p-aq-Sp-I-b XpS-phr-n-bm-p-Itbm Igp-Ip-Itbm BWv th
Xv FXv X-a Imcy-am-Wv.
ssJ-_- bp-w Pq-X--{In-kv-Xym-\n-I-tfm-Sm-bn-cpp. bp--k---`-n- i-{Xp-hn-s\ Im-Wp-tm k-emw ]-d-b--sIm-v \mw B-cw-`n-p-I-bpw
\mw h-gn-am-dn-sm-Sp-p-I-bpw sN-p-tm- AXv `o-cp-Xz-am-sW-v sX-n--cn-p-hm- km-[y-Xbp-v. Cu km-[y-X C-m-Xm-p-hm- th-n bp-th-f-bn-se H-cp {]-tXy-I \n-b-a-am-bn \-_n(-kz)
\n--tZ-in--Xm-Wn-Xv. {]-hm-N-I-s kz-lm-_n-h-cy-am-cm-b A-_q-D-am-a(-d) C-_v-\p-a-kv-Du-Zv(-d) apX-em-b-h- l-Zo-kn-s km-l-N-cyw a-\-n-em-nb-Xp-Im-c-Ww A-ap-kv-enw-I--v k-emw-sIm-v Bcw-`n-m-sa-v ]-d-bp-p. ""\n--'' F--Xp-sImv hn-h- bp--n-\v ]p-d-s-Sp- ssk-\yw
am-{X-am-Wv (X-^v-ko- A--a-\m- 5315)
A-_q-lp-dbv-d(-d) \n-th-Z-\w: \-_n(-kz) A-cpfn: Pq-X-m-cpw {In-kv-Xym-\n-I-fpw (Xm-Sn-pw apSn-pw) Nm-bw sIm-Sp-p-n-. A-Xp-sIm-v Ah-cp-tS-Xn-\v hn-cp--am-b k-{-Zm-bw ssI-sm-pho- (_p-Jm-cn 5899).
C-Xpw \-_n(-kz) a-X-n-s im-iz-X-hpw Aew-L-\o-b-hp-am-b \n-b-aw F- \n-e-bv-v I-]n--X-. H-cm-fp-sS Xm-Sn-bpw ao-i-bpw X-e-ap-Snbpw
\-c-m- Cu l-Zo-kn- \n--tZ-in--Xp-t]m-se Ah- Nm-bw sIm-Sp-v A-h-bp-sS \n-dw am-n-a-dnmXn-cp-m- A-h- Pq-X-\pw {In-kv-Xym-\n-bp-am-sWv Btcm]nv A-h-s\ hn-a--in-p-hm- ]m-Sn-.
ap-kv-enw-I-sf Xn-cn--dn-bp-hm- Xm--m-en-I-amb H-cp th-j-kw-hn-[m-\w F- \n-e-bv-v \n--tZin--Xm-Wn-Xv.
A-en(-d) \n-th-Z-\w: -\-_n(-kz) ]-d-p: PqX-m-sc-tbm {In-kv-Xym-\n-I-sf-tbm I-m- Ah-tcm-Sv B-Zyw k-emw ]-d-bp--Xv \n--fm-I-cp-Xv.
A-h-sc h-gn-I-fn- I-m- h-gn-bp-sS C-Sp-n-b
`m-K-p-Iq-Sn t]m-Im- \n-- A-h-sc \n--_n-X-cm-p-ho-(A-h-sc X-n-am-p-ho-) (ap-kv-enw)
Cu l-Zo-kn-s km-l-N-cy-hpw Np-p-]m-Sp-Ifpw ]-cn-tim-[n-m-sX {]-h--n-p-I-bm-sW-n C-kv-emw- kw-kv-Im-c-iq-\y-am-b H-cp a-X-am-Ip-Xm-Wv. b-Ym--Y-n- Cu l-Zo-kn- ]-d-bp-Xv C-kv-em-an-s im-iz-X-hpw A-ew-L-\o-b-hpam-b s]m-Xp-hm-b H-cp a-cym-Z-b-. ssJ-_- bp-th-f-bn- ]-m-fw ]p-d-s-Sp- k--`-n- \_n(-kz) \--In-b H-cp Xm-ev-m-en-I \n--tZ-i-amWn-Xv. C-amw A-lv-a-Zv D--cn-p- a-sm-cp l-Zokv X-s Cu k-Xyw hy--am-p--Xp-Im-Wmw.
A-_q-_-Iv-d(d) \n-th-Z-\w: t]--jy-m- Ah-cp-sS cm-n-bm-bn In-kv-dm cm-Pm-hn-s ]p-{Xnsb A-h-tcm-[n-p-sh- hm-- tI--tm- \_n(-kz) A-cp-fn: X--fp-sS `-c-W-t\-Xr-Xzw H-cp
kv-{Xo-bn- A--n- P-\-X hn-P-bw {]m-]n-p-Ibn- (_p-Jm-cn 4425)
C-Xv C-kv-em-an-s H-cp A-Sn-m-\-X-Xz-am-bn
\-_n(-kz) ]-d--X-. t]--jy-m-sc-bpw A-[nIm-c-n- h- kv-{Xo-sb-bpw H-cp {]-tXy-I ]-cnX-n-Xn-bn- \-_n(-kz) B-t-]n-v ]-d--Xv
am-{X-am-Wv. ]p-cp-j-m-sc-m- kv-{Xo-I--v {]iv-\ \n[m-c-W-n\pw `-c-Ww \-S-p-hm-\pw km[n-p-sa-v _n--o-kv cm-n-bp-sS I-Y-bn-eqsS Izp-B hy--am-p-p. Nn-e- Cu l-Zokn-s km-l-N-cy-hpw k---`-hpw {K-ln-m-sXbm-Wv kv-{Xo-I--v bm-sXm-cp cw-K-pw `-c-W-
Au-loZv
! 38 !
t\-Xr-Xzw G-s-Sp-p-hm-\pw `-cn-p-hm-\pw ]m-Sns-v hm-Zn-p--Xv. kp-sse-am- \-_n(-A)-tbmSpw \mw bp-w sN-p-Isb-v ]-m-fw ]-d-tm- kp-sse-am-(A) \-_n-bm-tWm F-v BZyw ]-cn-tim-[n-p-I. \-_n-bm-sW-\v sX-fn-m bp-w sN-bv-Xn-v ^-e-an-. A-Xn-\m- B al-Xn \-_n-bm-tWm F-v ]-cn-tim-[n-p-hm- BZyw k-m-\w sIm-Sp--b-p-I-bm-Wv. A-Xv kzoI-cn-m- \-_n-b-s-v hy--am-bn. A-tm- bpw sN-mw. kzo-I-cn-n-s-n- \-_n-bm-Wv. bpw sN-bv-Xn-v ^-e-an-. C-{]-Im-cw _n--Jo-kv
]-cn-tim-[-\ \-S-p-I-bm-Wv. A-h- ap-kv-en-am-b
ti-j-hpw A-h-fp-sS `-c-Ww A-h-sf G-ev-]n-psh-v X-^v-ko- P-em-sse-\n-bn--t]m-epw ]-d-bp-Xv Im-Wmw.
(~MCG) jb aG U dG SQ b
\-_n(-kz) A-cp-fn: `-c-Ww Izp-ssd-in-I-fn-emWv(-A-lv-a-Zv), t\-Xm--m- Izp-ssd-in-I-fn- \nv am-{X-am-Wv. (_p-Jm-cn), F-s-mw \-_n(-kz)
{]-kv-Xm-hn--Xm-bn D--cn--s-Sp-p. tI-c-f-nse hy-h-km-b-a-{n-bpw hn-Zym-`ym-k-a-{n-bpw Izpssd-in-bm-bn-cn--Ww. Izp-ssd-in-I-fm-b Fw F F am--pw Fw ]n am--pw am-{X-ta ap-kvenw-I- thm-p sN-bv-Xv `-c-W-t\-Xr-Xzw \--Iphm- ]m-Sp-q F-- \-_n(-kz) C-hn-sS ]-d-bp-Xv. C-Xv a-X-n-s im-iz-X-hpw A-ew-L-\o-bhp-am-b H-cp \n-b-aw \-_n(-kz) hn-h-cn--X-. Xs a-c-W-ti-jw `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-sb G-Xv tKm-{Xn- \n-v sX-c-s-Sp--Ww F--Xn-\v H-cp
]-cn-lm-cw \-_n(-kz) \n--tZ-in--Xv am-{X-am-Wv. \a-kv-I-cn-p-hm- A-_q-_-Iv-dn(d)s\ \n--bn-Xp-t]m-se.
C-_v-\p A-m-kv(-d) \n-th-Z-\w: \-_n(-kz) am hn-P-b-n-s Zn-h-kw ]-d-p: a-m hn-Pb-n-\p-ti-jw ln-Pv-d-bn- (_p-Jm-cn 3077). am-bn- \n-v ln-Pv-d t]m-Ip-hm- \-_n(-kz) kzlm-_n-am-tcm-Sv I--]n-n-cp-p. a- ap-kv-enw-I-v A-[o-\-am-b-tXm-Sp-Iq-Sn {]-kv-Xp-X ln-Pv-d Zp-_-e-am-bn F-m-Wv \-_n(-kz) ]-d-bp--Xv. a-Xn-s im-iz-X-hpw s]m-Xp-hm-b-Xp-am-b \n-b-a-a. Im-c-Ww ap-l--Zv \-_n(-kz)sb A-m-lp \ntbm-Kn--Xv Izp--B-s X-Xz---v F-Xn-cm-bn
{]-Jym-]n-p-hm-\-. hn-ip- Izp--B-\n- [m-cmfw kq---fn- ln-Pv-d-bp-sS {]m-[m-\y-hpw AXn-s a-l-Xz-hpw k--h ap-kv-enw-I-tfm-Spw ]-d-bp-Xv Im-Wmw.
\-_n(-kz) sIm-v sh-p-hm- \n--tZ-in- lZo-kp-I- (_p-Jm-cn, ap-kv-enw) \-_n(-kz) kq-v
Ip-Sn-p-hm- I-ev-]n- l-Zo-kp-I-(-_p-Jm-cn, ap-
ap-B-Zv(-d) \n-th-Z-\w: \-_n(-kz) A-cp-fn: h-h-\pw A-m-lp-hn- bm-sXm-pw ]-v tN--msX A-h-s\ I-p-ap-n-bm- kz--K-n- {]-thin-pw. A-tm- A-t-lw tNm-Zn-p. Rm- P\--sf Cu k-tm-j-hm-- A-dn-bn--s-tbm?
\-_n(-kz) A-cp-fn: th-. P-\-- A-Xn-s\-am{Xw A-h-ew-_-am-p-sa-v Rm- `-b-s-Sp-p.
(_p-Jm-cn 129, ap-kv-enw 53). CXp-t]mse hn-ip Izp--B-\n-se h- kq--hpw {]-t_m-[-\w sNm-Xn-cn-p-hm- \-_n(-kz) H-cm-tfm-Spw \n--tZ-inn-n-.
CXn \nsmw Izp-B\pw lZokpw Xnep hyXymkw kpXcmw hy-am-Wv. Fnpw
Izp-B Hmw {]am-Whpw lZokv cmw {]amW-hp-am-sW-va-\-n-em-m km[n-m--h-cpsS
Nnm-ti-jn-bpsS Imcyw ApXw Xs!
#
Au-loZv
! 39 !
teJ\w
A_vZpdlvam amSv
""\
-p-sS k-tlm-Z-c-m-cm-b Cy- ]-n-X-m-cp-sS {i-aw C-mbn-cp-p-sh-n- l-Zo-kv hn-m\w ]u-c-kv-Xy-ta-J-e-bn- \n-v \mam-h-ti-j-am-Ip-am-bn-cp-p. Cu-Pn-]vXv, imw, C-dm-Jv, ln-Pm-kv F-o
ta-J-e-I-fn- ln-Pv-d ]-mw \q-mp-ap-X- B-cw-`n- Zu--_-eyw ]Xn- \ m- e mw \q- m- n- s B- c w- ` tm-sS ]m-c-ay-n- F-n'' (kn-Zv d-io-Zv cn-Zm)
hy-n-]-c-am-bpw kw-L-Sn-X-ambp-ap- {i-a--fn-eq-sS kz-lm-_Au-loZv
! 40 !
n-s Im-e-L--n- X-s C-y-bn- C-kvemw {]-N-cn-n-cp-p. C-y-bpsS ]-Sn-m-d- Xoc--fn-eq-sS \n-c--cw I-- Hm-Sn-p-sIm-n-cp \m-hn-I-cpw I--h-S-m-cp-am-bn-cp-p A-Xn-
ap-Jy-]-v h-ln-n-cp--Xv. kn-v, Kp-P-dm-v, a-e_m- {]-tZ-i-- A-d-_n-I-fp-sS hn-lm-c-tI-{-fm-bn-cp-p.
D-adp_v\p -J-m-_v(-d)s Im-e-v C-y {]-tZ-i--fn-te-v ssk-\n-I-\o--hpw \-S-p.
l-I-bn-_v-\p A-_n- B-kzn- Xm-\-bpw I-p-a-S-ap- {]-tZ-i--fpw, A-t-l-n-s k-tlm-Zc- ap-Ko-d C-tm- I-dm-n-bn- n-Xn sN-p Zm-_- {]-tZ-i--fpw P-bn--S-n. Cu sskP\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012
! 41 !
......................................................................................................................................................
]-mw \q-m-n-se a-p {]-ap-J l-Zo-kv ]-n-X-m-cm-Wv ssi-Jv A-en-p ap--Jn-bpw(a. 996), A-t-l-n-s in-jy-]-c--c-bpw--{]-i-kv-X l-Zokv hn-m-\-tIm-i-am-b I--kp- D-m- ^o kp-\-\n- A-Izv-hm-en h-
A-^v-B-' A-t-l-n-s c-N-\-bm-Wv. C-Xv B-Zy-am-bn A--Sn--Xv ssl-Zcm-_m-Zn-em-Wv. ln-Pv-d 913 A--cn- "a-Pv-a-D _n-lm-dn- A--hm- ^o Kdm-C-_n---ko- h-e-Xzm-C-^n- A-Jv-_m-' F- {K--n-s I--mhp-am-b ap-l-n-kv A-m-am ap-l--Zv _v-\p Xzm-ln-dp- ^-X-\n B Im-e-L-n-se a-sm-cp ap-l-n-km-Wv.
......................................................................................................................................................
C-_v-\p-l-P-dn A-kv-Iz-em-\n-bp-sS {]-ap-J injy-\m-b ssi-Jv b-Av-Izq-_v-_v-\p A-_v-Zp--d-lvam-(789-843) _m-lv-an-\n-b kp--Xzm- A-lv-a-Zv
jm-lv H-m-a-s Im-e-v t_mw-s_ h-gn Kp-_--K-bn-se-n Xm-a-kn-p. C-am-Zp-o- a-lv-aq-Zv_v-\p ap-l--Zp- ssI-em-\n _m-lv-an-\n kp-Xzm- A-em-D-o- jm-bp-sS Im-e-v U-m-\n Xm-a-kn-p.
C-amw k-Jm-hn-bp-sS in-jy-]-c--c-bn- s]-
[m-cm-fw-t]- C-y-bn-se-n-bn-p-v. ssi-Jv hPo-lp-o- ap-l--Zp- am-en-In (929) P-am-ep-o ap-l--Zp- l-fv-d-an (a.930), ap-l-o-kv d-^o-Do- io-dm-kn(954) ssi-Jv Jp-Xp-_p-o-\p- Am-kn Xp-S-n-b-h- A-h-cn- Nn-e-cm-Wv.
ssi-Jv A-_v-Zp--ap-Av-Xzn _m-I-ko-dp- a-n
(a. 989) ssi-Jv in-lm-_p-o- A-lv-a-Zp- Am-kn (992) Xp-S-n-b-h- C-y-bn- F-n-b
C-amw k-Jm-hn-bp-sS in-jy-m-cm-Wv.
C-_v-\p-l-P-dn- ssl-X-an-bp-sS in-jy-m-cmb ssi-Jv ap-l--Zv-_v-\p A-_v-Zp-m-ln ^m-Inlm-\n, ssi-Jv b-Av-Izq-_p- I-iv-ao-cn, A-_v-Zp K-\n A--Kw tKm-ln Xp-S-n-b A-kw-Jyw
ap-l-n-kp-I-fm-b in-jy-m-cpw C-y-bp-sS hn-hn[ `m-K--fn- l-Zo-kv {]-Nm-c-W-n-\p {i-an-np-v.
]-mw \q-m-n-se a-p {]-ap-J l-Zo-kv ]n-X-m-cm-Wv ssi-Jv A-en-p- ap--Jn-bpw(a.
996), A-t-l-n-s in-jy-]-c--c-bpw--{]-i-kv-X
l-Zo-kv hn-m-\-tIm-i-am-b I--kp- D-m-
^o kp-\-\n- A-Izv-hm-en h- A-^v-B-' A-tl-n-s c-N-\-bm-Wv. C-Xv B-Zy-am-bn A--Sn-Xv ssl-Z-cm-_m-Zn-em-Wv. ln-Pv-d 913 A--cn-
"a-Pv-a-D _n-lm-dn- A--hm- ^o K-dm-C-_n--ko- h-e-Xzm-C-^n- A-Jv-_m-' F- {K--ns I--m-hp-am-b ap-l-n-kv A-m-am ap-l--Zv
_v-\p Xzm-ln-dp- ^-X-\n B Im-e-L--n-se asm-cp ap-l-n-km-Wv.
Kp-P-dm-v, U-m- {]-tZ-i--fn-se `-c-Ww
-bn-p-I-bpw U--ln-bn-se tI-{o-Ir-X `-c-Wn--Io-gn- B-bn-o-cp-I-bpw sN-bv-X-tm- ]n-X-m- A-tm-v {]-h-ln-p. Xp-S--v A-IvAu-loZv
! 42 !
! 43 !
l-\-^o kv-Iq-
C-y-bnse l-Zo-kv im-J-bv-v {i-t-b-am-b
kw-`m-h-\-I- \--In-b l-\-^o [m-c-bn-se ]n-X-m-cm-Wv ap-l--Zv Jm-knw \m-\q-Xz-hn-bpw
d-jo-Zv A-lv-a-Zv Kw-tKm-ln-bpw. A-h-cp-sS in-jy]-c--c-bpw. ln.1283/1867 Z-bq-_-n- ap-l-Zv Im-knw \m-\q-Xz-hn m-]n- l-Zo-kv ]-T-\-tI{-am-Wv Zm-dp- D-eqw Z-bq-_-v. C-tX k---`n- X-s im-lv ap-l--Zv C-km-lm-Jv Z-lv-ehn-bp-sS in-jy-\m-b ap-l-n-kv A-lv-a-Z-en k-lmd--]q-cn m-]n--Xm-Wv a-fm-ln-dp- D-eqw k-lmd--]q-. Cu c-p m-]-\--fpw l-Zo-kv im-Jbv-v \--In-b kw-`m-h-\ A-hn-X--n-X-am-Wv.
Cu m-]-\-- C-y-bv-v \--In-b kw`m-h-\-I-fm-Wv ssi-Jp--ln-v a-l-aq-Zp- l-k Z-bq-_-n(1268-1339). ssi-Jv A-lv-a-Zv l-k Aw-tdm-ln (a.-ln.1330). ss^-fp- _m-cn Aem kz-lo-ln- _p-Jm-cn F- {K--n-s I-m-hm-b A--h--jm-lv I-iv-ao-cn(1292-1352). Aiv-d-^v A-en-Ym-\-hn, lp-ssk- A-lv-a-Zv a-Z-\n,
i-_o- A-lv-a-Zp- D-kv-am-\n (1369) Xp-S-n-b-h A-t-l-n-s {]-kn- ap-kv-enw hym-Jym-\-{K-am-Wv ^-Xv-lp- ap--lnw.
A--h--jm I-iv-ao-cn-bp-sS in-jy-m- ^-Jv-dpo-\p- ap-dm-Zm-_m-Zn, ap-l--Zv bq-kp-^p- _\q-cn(1397), l-_o-_p--d-lv-am-\p- A-Av-f-an, apl--Zv a--kzq- \p-Av-am-\n Xp-S-n-b-h-. Xn--anZn-bp-sS hym-Jym-\-am-b a-B-cn-^p-p-\- ap-l-Zv bp-kp-^p- _-\q-cn-bp-tS-Xm-Wv.
a-fm-lndp- k-lm-d--]q-cn-bp-sS k--Xn-I-fmWv J-eo- A-lv-a-Zv k-lm-d--]q-cn (1269-1346),
ap-l--Zv bq-kp-^p- Im-t-e-hn (a.-ln. 1384),
au-em-\m C-^- A-lv-a-Zp- D-kv-am-\n (1396), apl--Zv B-in-Jv C-em-lo ao-d-n Xp-S-n-b-h-.C-amw am-en-In-s ap-h-Xz-bp-sS hym-Jym-\-{K-am-b Hu-P-kp- a-km-en-In-s I--m-hm-Wv apl--Zv bq-kp-^p- I-t-e-hn- ^-d-n a-l- IpSpw-_-hpw A-Xn-se {]-ap-Jmw-K-am-b A-_p--lk-\m-v A-_v-Zp--l-v e-Jv-\-hn-bpw in-jy-]-c-c-bpw l-Zo-kn-\p sN-bv-X a-l-m-b tk-h-\- kv-a-c-Wo-b-am-Wv.
P-am-A-p--e-^n- (_-\m-d-kv) Zm-dp- lZo-kn-d-lv-am-\n- (Z--ln) Pm-an-A Zm-dp--emw
(D-a-dm-_m-Zv) Xp-S-n-b m-]-\-- l-Zo-kv sshm-\n-I ta-J-e-v a-l-m-b kw-`m-h-\-I- A-n--h-bm-Wv.
B-[p-\n-I C-kv-em-an-I tem-I-v {i-t-b-\mb l-Zo-kv \n-cq-]-I- lw-k A-_v-Zp- a-e-_m-cnsb C-hn-sS A-\p-kv-a-cn-t- tI-c-fo-b hy-nXz-am-Wv.
#
P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012
]T\w
_pJm-cn-bn \ncq-]Whnt[bamb
lZo-kp-Itfm?
d-kq-en-s l-Zo-kp-I-tfm-Sv B-m--Y-X Im-Wn-p--h- k-\-Zv(-dn-tm---am-cp-sS ]-c--c) t\m-n A-h-sb A-cn--bn-en-v {]-_-e-am-b-h-sb-bpw
A-m--h-sb-bpw th- Xncn-p- {]-{In-b \-S-p--tXm-sSm-w l-Zokn-s hm-p-I-sf(a-Xv\v) -n-bp- A-t\z-j-Ww \-S-m-\pw A-h--v
hn-p-t]m-bn-n-.
! 44 !
bp--Xv k-Xy-k--cpw hn-iz-kv-X-cp-am-b B-fp-Ifn-te-v tN--m- {]-tXy-Iw {i-n-m-dp-v. AXp-sIm-v l-Zo-kn-s hm-p-I-fpw B-i-b--fpw
]-cn-tim-[n-v \n-cq-]-W hn-t[-b-am-t--Xp-v.
hym-P-am-b-Xn- \n-v {]-_-e-am-b-Xn-s\ I-sm- A-h--v Nn-e A-S-bm-f--fp-v.
1. hm-p-I-fp-sS ssh-I-eyw d-kq- A-d-_n-Ifn- G--hpw A-[n-Iw h-ssKz-`h-ap- hy-n-bmWv. A-Xn-\m- A-t-l-n--\n-v C--cw sshI-ey-ap- hm-p-I- ]p-d-v h-cn-I-bn-.
2. B-i-b--fp-sS tZm-j-hpw hn-I-e-X-bpw. DZm: s\-v H-cp a-\p-jy-\m-bn-cp-p-sh-n- A-h-
k-l-\-io-e-\m-Ip-am-bn-cp-p.
3. i-cn-bm-b H-cp a-X-hn-[n-bp-am-bn A-Xv G-pap-p-I. D-Zm-l-c-W-am-bn kp--c-am-b ap-J-v t\m- C-_m-Z-m-Wv'' F- l-Zo-kv. C-hn-sS ]pcp-j-s ap-J-sa-tm kv-{Xo-bp-sS ap-J-sa-tm th-Xn-cn-p-]-d-n-n- --A-h-fp-sS ap-J-t-v bmZr-On-I-am-bp- B-Zy-t\m--n-\v ti-j-ap- t\mw l-dm-am-Wv. ""H-m-a-s t\m-w \n-\-p-Xpw c-m-a-s t\m-w \n-\-s-Xn-cm-b-Xp-am-Wv''
4. H-cp sN-dn-b Im-cy-n-\v h-en-b hm-Kv-Zm-\hpw Xm-o-Xpw D-m-bn-cn-p-I.
5. bp-n-c-ln-X-am-b A-Xn-i-tbm-n-I-fp-mhp-I. Du-Pp-_v-\p D-\p-Jn-\v ap-m-bn-c-n ap-q-nap--Xpw 1/3 Dw ap-gw- \o-f-ap-m-bn-cp-p. A-tlw I-S-en-s A-Sn-bn--\n-v a-yw ]n-Sn-v shbn-e-v s]m-cn-p-am-bn-cp-p....; ap-l--Zv F-tm
P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012
..............................................................................................................................................
d-kq-en-s l-Zo-kp-I- A-cn-p-s]-dp-m-\pw A-h-bn- I-S-p Iq-Snb-h-sb H-gn-hm-n A-h-bv-v kw-c--Ww \--Im-\pw \-p-sS ]q--hnI-cm-b a-lm-]-n-X-m- h-en-b tk-h-\-am-Wv \-S-n-bn-p--Xv. A-h-v A-Xn-\v A-m-lp X- {]-Xn-^-ew \--I-s. Cu ss]-Xr-Iw ]q-W-am-bpw A-tX hn-ip-n-tbm-sS A-h- \-ap-v hn-p-X-n-p-ap-v. A-h-v ti-jw C-Xn- B--pw Iq-n-t--m- A-h-k-c-an-.
..............................................................................................................................................
! 45 !
! 46 !
! 47 !
lw dn-tm--v sN-bv-X l-Zo-kp-I--tm H-cp t]md-epw G-ev-]n-p-I-bn-. Im-c-Ww _p-Jm-cn-X-sbpw A-t-l-n-s l-Zo-kp-I-sf ]p-\:-]-cn-tim[-\-pw A-cn-v s]-dp--en-\pw hn-t[-b-am-n-bncp-p. a-p--h-cpw A--s\ sN-bv-Xn-p-v. a-cWw-h-sc-bpw Cu {]-{In-b Xp-S--n-p-v. am-{X-a, X-s l-Zo-kp-I- ]-cn-tim-[n-m- a-p--htcm-Sv B-h-iy-s-Sp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xn-p-v.
_p-Jm-cn-bn-tem ap-kv -en-an-tem a-p l-Zo-kv {K--fn-tem hn-iz-kv-X-cm-b dm-hn-am- dn-tm--v
sN-bv-X-Xpw k-\-Zv Ip--a--Xp-am-b H-cp l-Zo-kv Xp--Xn- b-Ym--Y-n- \-ap-v `-b-ap-v. \mw
t\-c-s hn-h-cn- {]-Im-c-ap- im-kv-{Xo-b ]-cntim-[-\-v hn-t[-b-am--s-Sp--h h-f-sc A-]q-h-am-Wv. Cu \n-e-]m-Sv \-p-sS a-\-n-\v k-am[m\w \--Ip-p. hn-ti-jn-pw Ch a-X-\n-b-a-hp-ambn _--s--h-b- F- \n-e-bv-v. a-dn-v, `uXn-I Po-hn-X-hp-am-bn _--s--Xm-Wv. "\n--fpsS Zp--bm-hn-s Im-cyw Iq-Sp-X- A-dn-bp-I \n--m-Wv' F-m-W-tm Xn-cp-ta-\n ]-d-n-p-Xv. ""\n--fp-sS a-X-hp-am-bn _--s- Im-cyw
F-n-te-m-Wv'' F-pw A-t-lw ]-d-p.
A--s A-\p-`-h-]-cn-N-b-n-s A-Sn-m\-n- Cu---\-v ]-cm-K-Ww \-S-p- hnj-b-n-ep- \-_n-bp-sS l-Zo-kv C-Xn-\v D-Zm-lc-Ww. A-tm- ssh-Zyw kw-_-n- l-Zo-kpw
Cu K-W-n- s]-Sp-n-bm- a-Xn. _p-Jm-cn-bpsS dn-tm--v k-\-Zn-s \n-e-v kz-lo-lm-Wv. Fm- d-kq- ]-d--Xv H-cp `u-Xn-I Im-cy-nep- A-t-l-n-s \n-co--W-am-Wv. d-kq-
h--Xv \-ap-v ssh-Zy-hpw Ir-jn-bpw c-k-X-{hp-sam-pw ]-Tn-n-m-\--tm.
(tUm. A-_Z-v p-a
- p-C
- w \-an- ap- A-A
- k
- l
-v ssh-s
- d-IS-v d
- pw Cu-Pn-]j
-v y- a-{nbpamWv)
samgn-amw: ]n Fw sI
tUm. A_vZp apCw \an-dns Cu
teJ-\-n ]cm-ain Cu hln-p
tcmKm-Wp--fp-ambn _-s ]cm-ai-fpsS imkv{Xo-b-amb am\-sf kw_-n
{it-b-amb Hcp ]T\w Au-loZv
2010 Unkw-_-2011 P\p-hcn e-n
"Cu-bpsS Nnd-In-en-cn-p-Xv' F Xehm-N-I-n {]kn-o-I-cn-n-p-v. Cnjb-I-amb lZo-kns\ \ncq-]W hnt[-b-am-ptm B teJ-\-n ]cm-ain ImcyIqSn ]cn- K - W n- - s - t S- - X p- v . A
u- l oZv Hcp ]T- \ - - K - t h- j W amknI
F \nebvv `n--fmb ho-W-
{]kn-o-I-cn-m-dp-v. Fm Ah A
ulo-Zns HutZym-KnI ho-W--fm
bn ]cn-K-Wn-t--Xn-.
]{Xm-[n-]
P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012
teJ\w
C_v\p A_vZnmlv
ae-bm-f
- nse
lZokv {K-
CkvemanI hnm\ {]Nm-c-W-cw-Kv Gsd aptm-p-t]mb ae-bmf
`mj-bn hnip Izp-B-\ns Hcp Uk-\n-tesd hnh-\-
{]kn-o-Ir-X-am-bn-p-v. lZokv hnm-\o-b- ssIc-fnv kw`mh\ sNm \S-nb ]qhn-Ihpw B[p-\n-I-hp-amb kwcw-`-sf
hne-bn-cp-p-I-bmWv Cu teJ-\-n
"C-
! 48 !
d-n-b-Xv.
l-Zo-kv hn-m-\o-b--sf kw-_-n-p-
Cu {K--n-s B-ap-Jw G-sd hn-m-\-{]-Zam-Wv. 'l-Zo-kv a-l-' F--t]-cn-ep- Cw-o-jv
{K--n-s hn-h---\-am-Wv 'A--l-Zo-kv'. s]cp-m-hq-cn-se a-Po-Zv a-c-m-cm-Wv {]-km-[-I-. Fw
A-lva-Zv au-e-hn ]-cn-`m-j-s-Sp-n-b ']-cn-ip-\-_n-h-N-\--;]-cn-`m-j-bpw hym-Jym-\-hpw' F e-Lp-Ir-Xn-bm-Wv a-sm-v. 333 l-Zo-kp-I-fpsS ]-cn-`m-j-bpw hym-Jym-\-hpw D--sm-p-
Cu {K-w 1962em-Wv ]p-d-nd-n-b-Xv.184 X-es-p-I-fn-em-bn hn-j-b-t{Im-Uo-I-c-Ww \-S-nbn-cn-p-p. "an-iv-Im-Xp- a-kzm-_o-ln'\v ssa-emq- sju-I-Xv sau-e-hn X-m-dm-n-b ]-cn-`m-jbn- 800 l-Zo-kp-I- hn-i-Zo-I-c-W-tm-sS D-s-Sp-n-bn-p-v. C-Xp an-iv-Im-n-s ]-Ip-Xn `mKw am-{X-ta D-q-sh-n-epw \- `m-j-bn-ep- hnP\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012
! 49 !
]T\w
Aapkvenw BtLm-j
- f- nse
apkvenw kao-]\w
ap-kv-enw B-tLm-j--fn- A-ap-kv-enw I- B-iw-k-b--n-pw-t]m-se Ah-cp-sS B-tLm-j--fn- ap-kv -enw-I--pw B-iw-k-b--n-mw. Im-c-Ww
\--bv-v \--sIm-v ]-I-cw sN-m-\m-Wv \mw I-ev-]n--s-n-cn-p--Xv. H-cp
A-`n-hm-Zy-n-\v A-Xn-t\-m- D--a-am-b-Xp-sIm-v, Np-cp-n-b-Xv Xp-ey-amb-Xp-sIm-s-n-epw {]-Xy-`n-hm-Zyw sN-m-\pw(4:86). H-cp ap-kv-enw H-cn--epw
k--kz-`m-h-n- a-p--h-tc-m- Ip-d- Aw-i-ap--h-\m-I-cp-Xv.
A-ap-kv-enw-I-tfm-Sp- ap-kv-enwI-fp-sS k-ao-]-\-n-s hn-j-b-n, hn-ti-jn-pw A-h-cp-sS B-tLmj--fp-sS Im-cy-n- A-h- kzoI-cn-t- \n-e-]m-sS-v?
Cu hn-j-b-n- bq-tdm-]y-
^-Xv-hm--K-th-j-W Iu--kn- C{]-Im-cw {]-kv-Xm-hn-p-p: C-Xv hf-sc {]-[m-\-s--Xpw kw-th-Z-\-a-hp-am-b hn-j-b-am-Wv. hn-ti-jn-pw
]m-m-Xy cm-Py--fn- Xm-a-kn-p ap- k v - e nw- I - s f kw- _ - n- t - S tm-fw. C--cw \m-Sp-I-fn- Ab--hm-kn-I-fm-bpw k-l-tPm-en-mcm-bpw k-l-]m-Tn-I-fm-bpw A-ap-kvenw-I-fp-am-bn _--s-v Po-hn-p ap-kv-enw k-tlm-Z-co k-tlm-Z-cm-cn- \n-v [m-cm-fw tNm-Zy--
D-b--p-h-cm-dp-v. H-cp ap-kv-enw hnZym--Yn-v B-m--Y-am-bn k-lmbw \--Ip- A-ap-kv-enw ssK-Uv,
Au-loZv
! 50 !
ap-kv-enw tcm-Kn-sb B-m-Y-am-bn Nn-In-n-p A-ap-kv-enw tUm-Iv-S- F-n--s\ ]-e k--`--fn-epw A-ap-kv-enw-I- sN-p- k-lm-b-sf--n ap-kv-enw-I- t_m-[-hm-m-cp-am-Wv. D-]-Imcw sN-bv-X-h-t\m-Sv hn-t[-b-Xz-ap-m-hp-I a-\p-jyk-l-P-am-W-tm.
ap-kv-enw-I-tfm-Sv bp-w \-S-p-I-tbm, \m-n \n-v A-h-sc ]p-d-m-p-I-tbm ]p-d-mm- k-lm-bn-p-I-tbm A-h-tcm-Sv i-{Xp-X ImWn-p-I-tbm sN-m-sX A-h-cp-am-bn k-l-h--nXz-n- I-gn-bp- Cu A-ap-kv-enw-I-tfm-Sv ap-kvenw-I- kzo-I-cn-t- \n-e-]m-sS-v? A-ap-kv-enwI-fp-am-bp- _--n-s hn-j-b-n- kq-d A-apw-X-ln-\-bn-ep- c-v hm-Iy-- H-cp `-c-WL-S-\m \n-b-a-am-Wv B-hn-jv-I-cn-n-p--Xv.
""a-X-Im-cy-n- \n--tfm-Sv bp-w sN-m-Xncn-p-I-bpw \n--fp-sS ho-Sp-I-fn- \n-v \n-sf ]p-d-m-m-Xn-cn-p-I-bpw sN-p--h-sc kw_-n-t-S-tm-fw \n-- A-h--v \- sNp--Xpw \n-- A-h-tcm-Sv \o-Xn Im-Wn-p-Xpw A-m-lp \n--tfm-Sv \n-tcm-[n-p-n-. Xo-P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012
-bm-bpw A-m-lp \o-Xn ]m-en-p--h-sc C-jv-Ss-Sp-p. a-X-Im-cy-n- \n--tfm-Sv bp-w sNp-I-bpw \n--fp-sS ho-Sp-I-fn- \n-v \n--sf
]p-d-m-p--Xn- ]-c-kv-]-cw k-l-I-cn-p-I-bpw
sN-bv-X-h-sc kw-_-n-v am-{X-am-Wv--A-h-tcm-Sv
ssa-{Xn Im-Wn-pXv A-m-lp \n-tcm-[n-p-Xv. h--h-cpw A-h-tcm-Sv ssa-{Xo-_-w-]p-e--p-]-w A-h- X-s-bm-Ip-p A-{I-a-Im-cn-I-
(60:8,9)
Cu c-v Izp--B- hm-Iy--fpw ap-kv-enw-Itfm-Sv k-am-[m-\-n- I-gn-bp--h-, i-{Xp-X-bn I-gn-bp--h- F-n--s\ A-ap-kv -enw-I-sf cm-bn hn-`-Pn-p-p-v. H-m-a-s hn-`m-K-tmSv \o-Xn ]p-e--m-\pw A-h--v \--I- sN-bvXp-sIm-Sp-m-\pw Izp--B- I-ev-]n-p-p. A-hIm-i-s--Xv hm--em-Wv \o-Xn. A-Xm-b-Xv H-cp
hy-n-v A-h-Im-i-s--sX-mw H-cp Ip-d-hpw hcp-m-sX \--Ip-I. \- sN-bv-Xp-sIm-Sp-- \n\-v A-h-Im-i-s- Nn-e-Xv ]-cn-Xy-Pn--ep-am-Wv.
F-m- ssa-{Xo-_-w ]p-e--p--Xn-s\ \ntcm-[n-p- c-m-a-s hn-`m-Kw A-ap-kv-enw-I ap-kv-enw-I-tfm-Sv i-{Xp-X Im-Wn-p-I-bpw A-htcm-Sv bp-w \-S-p-I-bpw bm-sXm-cp \ym-b-hp-anm-sX A-h-sc \m-n- \n-v ]p-d-m-p-I-bpw
sN-p--h-cm-Wv Izp-ssd-in-I-fpw a-m-ap-iv-cn-pI-fpw \-_n-tbm-Spw kz-lm-_-n-t\m-Spw sN-bvX-Xp-t]m-se. ap-kv-enw-I-fp-am-bn k-am-[m-\-n-
I-gn-bp--h-tcm-Sp- s]-cp-am--n-\v _n--dv F-
]-Z-am-Wv Izp--B- sX-c-s-Sp-n-p--Xv. amXm-]n-Xm--tfm-Sv a-- kzo-I-cn-t- s]-cp-am-n-\pw "_n--dv' F- ]-Zw X-s-bm-Wv D-]-tbmKn-n-p--Xv. A-m-lp-hn-t\m-Sp- I-S-a I-gn-m ]n-s c-m-a-s I-S-a-bm-bn am-Xm-]n-Xm--v _n--dv sN-m-\m-Wv Izp--B- I-ev-]n-p-Xv .
_p-Jm-cn-bpw ap-kv-en-apw hn-h-cn-p- H-cp kw`-h-ap-v: A-_q-_-Iv-dn-(d)s a-I- A-kv-am \_n-bp-sS A-Sp-p-h-v C--s\ ]-d-p: Xn-cpta-\o, F-s D- h-n-p-v. A-h- ap-iv-cn-I-v
B-Wv. Rm- A-h-cp-am-bn _-w ]p-e--m-\pw
A-h--v ]m-cn-tXm-jn-Iw \--Im-\pw A-h- B{K-ln-p-p. Rm- A-h-cp-am-bn _-w ]p-e-t-W-tam? \_n(-kz) ]-d-p. _-w ]p-e-p-I. H-cp ap-iv-cn-Iv B-b kv-{Xo-tbm-Sv C--s\
s]-cp-am-dm-\m-Wv \-_n I--]n--sX-n- _-lpssZ-hm-cm-[-I-cm-b Cu ap-iv-cn-Ip-I-tf-m- IqSp-X- \- s]-cp-am--n---l-cm-W-tm th-Z-m. Izp--B- A-lv-ep--In-Xm-_n-s `--Ww Ign-p--Xpw A-h- A-dp--Xv Xn-p--Xpw A-hcp-sS kv-{Xo-I-sf hn-hm-lw I-gn-p--Xpw A-\ph-Z-\o-b-am-n-bn-cn-p-p. ""\- h-kv-Xp--sf-mw
\n---v A-\p-h-Zn--s-n-cn-p-p. th-Zw \-I-s--h-cp-sS `--Ww \n---v A-\p-h-Z-\o-bAu-loZv
! 51 !
A-\y-a-X--cm-b _-p--tfm-Spw Ip-Spw-_-tfm-Sp-sa-mw C--s\ \- \n-e-v s]-cp-am-dm I-ev-]n-p- C-kv-emw A-h-cn-se _-p--fm- a-p--h-tcm-Spw C--s\ s]-cp-am-dm-\m-Wv
I-ev-]n-p--Xv. A-h-tcm-Sv _-e-{]-tbm-K-n-stbm ]m-cp-jy-n-s-tbm s]-cp-am-w ]m-Sn-. dkq- A-_q-Z--dn-t\m-Sv ]-d-p: ""P-\--tfm-Sv Xm- k--kz-`m-h-tm-sS s]-cp-am-dp-I''. C-hn-sS
P-\--tfm-Sv F-m-Wv ]-d--Xv, ap-kv -enw-I-tfmSv F--. b-lq-Z- \-_n-bp-sS A-Sp-p-h-p \mhp h-f-v "A-m-ap A-sse-I bm-ap-l--Zv" F-v
A-`n-hm-Zyw sN-pw. "kmw" F-m- \m-iw, a-cWw F-sm-s-bm-Wv A--Yw. C-Xv tI--tm-
B-C-i(d) ]-d-p. "A-m-lp-hn-s i-{Xp--tf,
\n- - - m- W v \m- i - h pw im- ] - h pw". D- S - s \ \_n(kz) A--s\ ]-d--Xn-\v B-C-i-sb Bt-]n-p. A-tm- B-C-i C--s\ {]-Xn-I-cnp. "A-m-lp-hn-s Xn-cp-Zq-X-tc, A-h- ]-d-Xv A-v tI-n-t?" \-_n: "tI-p. Rm- ]-d-p.
\n---pw (A-Xm-b-Xv \m-iw \n---p-m-hs). B-C-im, G-Xv Im-cy-n-epw a-b-ap--k-ao]-\-am-Wv A-m-lp C-jv S-s-Sp-I"
A-Xn-\m- ap-kv -enw B-tLm-j--fn- A-apkvv-enw I- B-iw-k-b--n-pw-t]m-se A-h-cp-sS
B-tLm-j--fn- ap-kv -enw-I--pw B-iw-k-b-n-mw. Im-c-Ww \--bv-v \--sIm-v ]-I-cw
sN-m-\m-Wv \mw I-ev-]n--s-n-cn-p--Xv. H-cp
A-`n-hm-Zy-n-\v A-Xn-t\-m- D--a-am-b-Xp-sImv, Np-cp-n-b-Xv Xp-ey-am-b-Xp-sIm-s-n-epw {]Xy-`n-hm-Zyw sN-m-\pw (4:86). H-cp ap-kv -enw H-cn-epw k--kz-`m-h-n- a-p--h-tc-m- Ip-d Aw-i-ap--h-\m-I-cp-Xv. a-dn-v, A-h-tc-m-
Iq-Sp-X- Xn-I- Aw-i-ap--h-\m-bn-cn--Ww. Xncp-ta-\n ]-d-bp-p: "hn-izm-kn-I-fn- Cu-am- G-hpw Iq-Sp-X- Xn-I--h- G--hpw \- kz-`m-hap-f-f-h-cm-Wv". Rm- k--kz-`m-h-n-s ]q--oI-c-W-am-bm-Wv \n-tbm-Kn--s--Xv"
\mw A-ap-kv-enw-I-sf C-kv-em-an-te-p -Wnm-\w A-h-cp-am-bn A-Sp--ap-m-m-\pw D-t-inp-p-sh-n- Cu k-ao-]-\w Xo---bm-bpw thWw. ap-kv-enw-I-fp-sS t\-sc A-h--v kv-t\-l-apm-h-W-sa-v \mw B-{K-ln-p-p-sh-n- C-Xv
\n--_--am-Wv. A-h-cp-am-bn A-I---bp-m-nbm- C-Xv km-[y-am-hp-I-bn-. a-dn-v \- _-w
kr-jv-Sn--Ww. a- Po-hn-X-Im-e-a-{X-bpw ap-iv-cnp-I-fm-b Jp-ssd-in-I- \-_n-sb D-]-{Z-hn-p; At-l-n-s-bpw A-\p-bm-bn-I-fp-sS-bpw t\-sc \mbm-v \-S-n. C--s\-sbm-s-bm-sW-n-epw At-l-n-s k-Xy-k--X-bn-ep--hn-izm-kw Imc-W-am-bn A-h-cp-sS kz-p-- kq-n-m- At-l-s-bm-Wv G-ev-]n-n-cp--Xv. \-_n(kz) aZo-\-bn-te-v ln-Pv-d t]m-b-tm- A-en-(d)sb a-bn- \n--n Cu kz-p--sf-mw Xn-cn-pAu-loZv
! 52 !
IhnX
Akokv A-\
- ew
Hgpv
aI-t\,
CXv ]Sp-Im-ew.
Hp-Imcpw \mbm-p-kw-L-fpw
he-hn-cnp Np-nepw
]Xp-n-bn-cn-p-v.
apSn-bn IpSpn
tImSn-I Xm
hgn-hm-Wn` kwLw
Hcp-n--gn-p.
Pnn-t\mSpw
Ckn-t\mSpw {]mYnv
]pd-p-t]m-b-h
AI-m-sWp
hymtPm-n-I-fm
apJw an\p-p-p-v.
{kjvSm-hn\p ]Icw
ap{I-bn-Sp-smcp
Ej-`-P-s
krjvSnp \an--hsc
ad-p-t]mtbm? *
hmfp Xqn ]pWyw t\Sm
acw tNmZnp
\mWw sI-hsc
Hma-bnt? *
Cu Hgp-n
]nSn-h-n-bmbv
Hcp {Khpw
Hcp Pohn-Xhpw
apn-en-cns
apn-smpw
P\-X-Xn-bpsS
IY-sbp sNmm!
Au-loZv
! 53 !
imkv{Xw
Sn ]n Fw dm^n
`qan Fp-sImv
Poh s\n-te-pp?
ku-c-bq-Y-n, Po-h A-Xn-s ]q-Wm-Yn ]-cn-e-kn-p-\n-p
H-tc-sbm-cp hn-kv-a-b-{K-l-am-Wv `qan. kq-cy-Ip-Spw-_-n-se, a-\p-jy-s
A-t\zj-Ww sN-sn-b B-Im-i-Kw-K-bpsS sNdn-b ]-cn-[n-bn-se G-sXnepw tImWn Po-h-kv-^p-c-W-n-s F-s-nepw X-c-n-ep e--Wtfm kq-N-\-Itfm D--Xm-bn A-dn-hn.
ku-
c-bq-Y-n, Po-h AXn-s ]q-Wm-Yn ]-cn-e-knp-\n-p H-tc-sbm-cp hn-kv-a-b{K-l-am-Wv `qan. kq-cy-Ip-Spw-_-nse, a-\p-jy-s A-t\zj-Ww
sN- s n- b B- I m- i - K w- K - b psS
sNdn-b ]-cn-[n-bn-se G-sX-nepw
tImWn Po-h-kv-^p-c-W-n-s Fs-nepw X-c-n-ep e--Wtfm kq-N-\-Itfm D--Xm-bn Adn-hn.
{]mWs \n-e-\n-v Im-p-kqn-p- k-o-Whpw kq-v-aAu-loZv
! 54 !
k-hn-ti-jam-b A--co-L-S\
`q-anbn Po-h \n-e-\n-p-Xn A--co-L-S-\-bp-sS kzm-[o-\w hf-sc h-ep-XmWv. {]mP\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012
W-hm-bp F--dn-b-s-Sp- Hm-Iv-kn-P hm-bp-a-en 21 i-X-am-\-am-Wp-Xv; ss\-{S-P-\mIs G-Xm-v 78 i-X-am-\-hpw. Im-_ U-tbmIv-sskUv, ssl-{UP, lo-en-bw-t]m-ep- a-p
hm-X-I--sfmw tN-v _m-n-bp- H-cp-i-Xam-\-hpw.
Hm- I v - k nP- s A- f - s h- m\pw 21 i- X - a m\n Iq-Sp-X-embm F-m-bn-cnpw `q-an-bpsS A-h-? H-pw \n-e-\n-n, `q-ap-J-v.
Fmw s]-s-p Xo-n-Sn-p Nm--em-hpw. Hm-IvknP-s Af-hv \n-e-hn-ep--Xn-t\m A-w
Ip-d-m-epw ssP-h-tem-I-n-\p ]-e \n-e-bvpw
`o-j-Wn-bm-Wv. tIm-i--fn-te-v c--n-eq-sS
th-{X Hm-Iv-kn-P F-n-m-\m-hn F-Xv
H-cp {]-iv-\-amWv; A-tXmsS tIm-i-fn q-tmkv X-m-{X-I "I-nv' Du-Pw ]p-d-t-phn-Sp--Xn\pw {]-bm-kw t\-cn-Spw. ssP-h-tem-In-s \m-i-n-\p h-gn-sbm-cpm Cu tXmXp-hy-Xym-kw [m-cm-fw aXn.
A--co-n H-cp-i-X-am-\-tmfw h-cp-
Im-_ U-tbm-Iv-ssk-Uv F- hm-X-I-n\pw
`u-a Du-jv-am-hv ]m-In -\n-p-Xn henb ]-pv. hm-bp-a--e-n-se Im-_-U-tbmIv-ssk-Uv H-cp "]p-X-m'bn `q-an-sb aq-Sp--Xn\m
cm-{Xn-Im-e-fn Nq-Sv s]-s-p Xm-gv-p-t]m-ImsX-t\mpp. A--co--n-se Im-_ Utbm-Iv-ssk-Un-s Af-hv A--sam-p Iq-Snbmepw B-]-mWv. `q-an sNm--sb-tm-se Npp-s]m-pw. Im-em-h-bn h-{]-Xym-Lm-X A-Xp h-cp-n-sh-pw. Po-h A-kv-X-an-pt]mIm C-Xnepw hn-ti-jn-smpw th-. B[p-\n-I-a-\p-jy-s h-gn-hn- Im-_-_-ln-K-a\-n-s\-Xn-sc ]-cn-n-Xn-kv-t\-ln-I ap-d-hn-fn
Iq-p-Xv F-p-sIm-m-sW-v \-ap--dn-bmw.
Aco--L-S-I--fpsS Af-hv B-\p-]m-XnI-am-bn \n-e-\nm {]-Ir-Xym-Xs h-kwhn-[m-\--fm-Wv `q-anbn H-cp-n-sh-n-p--sXv ]T\- sh-fn-s-Sp-pp. `q-ap-J-s hr-e-Xm-Zn-I {]-Im-i-kw-tj-Ww h-gn ssP-htem-I-n-\p `--W-sam-cpm A--co--nse Aan-X Im-_ U-tbm-Iv-ssk-Uv hmX-Iw
B-Knc-Ww sN-p-pv. Hmtcm Zn-h-khpw 190
_ny S Hm-Iv-kn-P-\m-Wv A-h `--W-n\p ]pdsa \-ap-v Xn-cn-p-X-cp-Xv!
! 55 !
D-cp `q-an
Izp-B sh-fn-s-Sp-pp: "" B-Im-i-fpw
`q-anbpw A-h bm-Ym-Yy-]q-hw kr-n-n-cn-pp. cm-{Xn-sb-sm-v A-h ]-I-ent Np-nsm-Xn-bp-p. ]-I-en-s\-sm-v A-h cm-{Xntaepw Np-n-sm-Xn-bpp. ("Np-n-sm-Xn-bpp' F-Xn\v A-d-_nbn "bp-I-ndp' F-p {]-tbm-Kw).
kq-cy-s\bpw N-{-s\bpw A-h \n-b-{-W-hnt[-b-am-p-Ibpw sN-bv-Xn-cn-pp. Fmw \nnX ]-cn-[nh-sc N-en-p-p''(39: 5)
C- h n- s S, "Fmw N- e n- p- p' F- A- Y n, "Ipp b-Pvco' F-p Jp-B kq-v-aam-bn {]-tbm-Kn-Xv ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-tXm-Wv.
A-d-_n-`m-jbn "Ip-d' F- ]-Z-n-\v D-cpXv, ]v, tKm-fw F-sm-s-bm-Wv A-Yw.
A-Xn-\n-pm-b {In-bm-cq-]-n-\v (bp-I-ndp)
"Np-n-p-I' F-v A-Yw \--In-bm-te `m-j-tbmSv \o-Xn-]p-e-m-\mhq. `q-an-b-S--ap- B-Imi-h-kv-Xp--v tKm-fm-Ir-Xn-bm-sW- kq-N-\
\-Ip-I-bm-Wv Izp-B Cu h-N-\-n-eqsS.
\-_n(kz) Po-hn-n-cp- Im-e-L--nepw AXn-\p-ti-jhpw kq-cy\pw N-{-\p-samw "]-c-Xpw
.............................................................................
A-d-_n-`m-jbn "Ip-d' F- ]-Zn-\v D-cp-Xv, ]v, tKm-fw Fsm-s-bm-Wv A-Yw. A-Xn-\npm-b {In-bm-cq-]-n-\v (bp-Indp) "Np-n-p-I' F-v A-Yw
\--In-bm-te `m-j-tbm-Sv \o-Xn-]pe-m-\mhq. `q-an-b-S--ap- BIm-i-h-kv-Xp--v tKm-fm-Ir-Xnbm-sW- kq-N-\ \-Ip-I-bm-Wv
Izp-B Cu h-N-\-n-eqsS.
.............................................................................
Au-loZv
! 56 !
v tXm-n--s-n-cn-p-p. X--fp-sS ]-cm-Pb-n-\p-ti-jw G-Xm-\pw -h-j--p-n-Xs A-h hnP-bw h-cn-p--XmWv. appw ]npw
Am-lp-hn-\m-Ip-p Im-cy--fp-sS \n-b-{-Ww''
(30:24)
{]-hm-NI-s Im-e-pw sXmpap]pw A-td
_y A-[-Zzo-]n-s Nn-e ta-J-e-Ifn B-[n]Xyw m-]n-m-\m-bn t]-jy-mcpw tdm-a-m
cpw Xn bp-w ]-Xn-hm-bn-cp-p. {In-kv-Xym-\nIfm-b tdm-a-m-tcm-Sm-bn-cpp, th-Z-m-sc- \ne-bn, ap-kven-wI-v {]n-bhpw A-\p-`m-h-hpw.
_-lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[-I-cm-bn-cp- A-d-_n-I-v ]
t, t]-jy-m-tcm-Sm-bn-cp-p Xm-Xv-]-cyw. lnPvd Amw h-jn tdm-a-m-s-Xn-sc t]jym hn-P-bw t\-Sn-b-tm _-lp-ssZ-hm-cm[I ap-kvenwI-sf ]-cn-l-kn-p-Ibpw B hn-Pb
n Ah hmsX Xn-an-m-Sp-Ibpw sN-bvXp.
tdm-a-m-cp-sS ]-cmP-bw Xm-Xv-m-en-Iw am-{X-amsW-pw A-Xp-sIm-v A-Xn-cp-hn-v B-m-Zn-tspw G-Xm\pw sIm--Iw A-h t]jy-m-pta hnP-bw t\-Sp-sapw Izp-B
A-k-n-Kv-[-am-bn {]hNn-p-I-bmWv. G-gp h-jn-\pn tdm-am hnP-bw t\-Sn. IzpBs {]hN\w ]p-ep.
C-mcyw {]-h-Nnptmgpw Izp-B `u-aL-S-\-bn-tepw sh-fn-w -ho-ip-p-s h-kvXp-X \-s Iq-SpX hn-kv-a-bn-n-pp. "A-Zv-\'
F- ]-Z-am-Wv Izp-B C-hn-sS {]-tbm-Kn-pXv. "Xm-gv-' F-p-X-s-bm-Wv Cu ]-Z-n-s
i-cn-bmb AYw. "`q-an-bn-se A-Sp- {]-tZ-i-pshv' F- A-Y-tm `q-an-im-kv-{X-]-c-ambn tbm-Pn-p-Xpw "`q-an-bn-se G-hpw Xm-gv-
{]-tZ-i-p-shv' F- A-Y-amWv. "`q-an-bn-se
G-hpw Xm-gv-{]-tZ-iw' F-p Izp-B {]-tbmKn-Xv F-p-sIm-mWv?
N-cn-{X-]-c-am-bn t\m-n-bm, Nm-hpI-S {]tZi-p sh-m-W-tm- tdm-am A-p ]-cm-Pb-s-Sp-Xv. k-ap-{Z-\n-c-n-\n-v 1388 A-Sn Xmsg-bm-bm-Wv Cu `q-{]-tZ-iw n-Xn-sN-p--sX.............................................................................
! 57 !
v C-p \--f-dn-bpp.
i--hn-m-\-tIm-i--Xn-p-Ifn 'Expanded it to
an ostrich egg' F-p- A-Yw \-Inb-Xv {i-tb-amWv.
`q-an-bp-sS b-Ym-Y B-Ir-Xn H--I-]-n-bp-sS
ap--bp-tS-Xp-t]m-se-s (oblate spheriod) F-v
_-ln-cm-Im-i-p-\n-s-Sp- Nn-{X- \-s
t_m-[y-s-Sp-pp. (Nn{Xw Im-Wp-I)
1577, k {^m-kn-kv t{U-v k-ap-{Z-k-mcw \-S-n `q-an D-cp--Xm-sW-p sX-fn-bn-p-Xn-\p hf-sc ap-]p-Xs, ap-kvenw-temI-v `qan am-{Xa, Fm B-Im-i-h-kv-Xp-pw tKmfm-Ir-Xn-bm-Wp--sX- hn-izm-kw, Izp-B- Nn-I-fp-sS ]n-_-e-n, i-n-s-n-cp-p-shv
N-cn-{X-{K--fn Im-Wmw. hn-n-]o-Un-bbn
Islamic Golden Age ]-c-Xn-t\m-nbm C-Xp t_m[y-am-hpw. {In-kv-Xp-h-jw 700Ifn Po-hn- A_q-l-\o-^bpw 1200Ifn Po-hn- C-_v-\p-Xo-anbbpw C-tX Bi-bw Izp-B- hym-Jym-\-fn
tc-J-s-Sp-nb-Xv \-ap-v hm-bn-mw. a-lm\m-b
C-_v-\p-I-kodpw "]-c--`q-an'bn hn-iz-kn-m
Iq-m-n-bn-cp-n-s-p Im-Wmw.
`u-aP-ew
Pothm-Xv-]-nbpw P-e-hpw X-n-ep- ]m-ckv-]cyw Izp-B sh-fn-s-Sp-pp:
""sh--n-\n-v Fm Po-h-h-kv-Xp--sfbpw
\mw D-m-p-Ibpw sN-bv-Xp'' (21:30)
s\m-t_-km-\ tP-Xmhpw ssh--anknbp-sS cm-kL-S-\ I-sn-b im-kv-{X--\pamb tUm. B-_-v sk v tPym-Pn-bp-sS hmp-I Cu hN-\w A-]-{K-Yn-p-tm hf-sc
hn-e-s--Xm-sW-p tXm-pp. A-t-lw ]-dbpp: ""sh--an-sn `q-anbn Po-thm-Xv-]-nbn. ssP-h-L-S-I--fp-sS A-Sn-m-\-cq-]hpw AXn-s \nKq-V _-e-X-{hpw sh-w-X-s''.
`u-tam-]-cn-X-en \men aq-p `m-Khpw
sh--amWv. {]m-b-]q-nbm-b a-\p-jys -i-coP\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012
.........................................................................................................................................................
! 58 !
]-h-X--fp-sS {]k-n
a-\p-jy-Po-hn-Xw `q-apJ-v km-[y-am-p- asm-cp \n-Wm-b-I L-S-I-am-Wv Hu--Xy-tm-sS
in-c-p-b-n \n-p- ]-h-X. a-g-sbbpw
Im-n-s\bpw Im-em-h--sbbpw kzm-[o-\n-p-Xn-\p ]p-dsa, `u-a-kp-n-c-X-bnepw a-\p-jy-kwkv-Ir-Xn-bnepw B-gn th-cqn-b {]-Xn-`m-kam-W-Xv.
F-ssk-tm-]oUn-b {_n--m-\n--bnepw Ata-cn-m-\-bnepw \In-b \n-h-N-\-{]-Imcw, ""`utam-]-cn-X-e-n-\n-v {i-t-bam-b D--Xn-bn-tev h-f-p-\n--p- `u-a-{I-v'' B-Wv ]-hX. D- ] - c n- X - e - n- \ n- v 300 ao- dn IqSpX A--co-n D-b-p-\n-p- `ua-`m-K-am-Wv ]-h-X--sf-n, a-p Nn-e-v 600
ao-dn Iq-Sp-X-em-bm-te A-h ]-h-X--fmhq;
A-Xn\p Xm-sg-bp--sXm-s Ip-p-I-fpw. G-Xp
P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012
! 59 !
^Xmhm
! 60 !
! 61 !
$ B-tbm-[-\ {]-Xn-tcm-[ I-e-I- A-`y-kn- a-X-]-c-am-b Im-cy-am-Wv. kz--lm-_n-I- \_n-bp-sS k-n-[n-bn- sh-v a--]n-Sp-w \-Sm-dp-m-bn-cp-p. F-m- D-]-{Z-hw D--smp- H-cp I-fn-bpw ]m-Sn-. Im-c-Ww X-s Cu
I-ev-]-\ A-\p-h-Zn-p- A-f-hn- C--cw I-c-fnI- ]-Tn-mw. F-m- t_m-Iv-knw-Kn- ap-J-Sn-p--Xn-s\ ap-kv-enw kq-n-t--Xp-v. Imc-Ww d-kq-(k) bp-m-h-k-c-n- t]m-epw apJ--Sn-p--Xv D-t]-n-m- I-ev-]n-n-p-v. Xncp-ta-\n ]-d-p: ""\n--fn- H-cm- A-Sn-p-I-bmsW-n- ap-Jw kq-n-p-I.'' H-cp kz-lm-_n aI-s\ ap-J--Sn-p--Xv I--tm- A-hn-Sp-p
]-d-p: ""Xm-- A-h-s ap-J--Sn--cp-Xv. Imc-Ww A-m-lp B-Z-an-s\ A-h-s cq-]-n-em-Wv
kr-jv-Sn-n-p--Xv.'' Im-c-Ww ap-Jw B-Z-c-Wo-bam-Wv. Cu B-Z-cw ap-kv-en-an-\pw A-ap-kv-en-an-\pap-v. Im-c-Ww "B-Z-an-s\ d-lv-am-s cq-]-n-emWv A-m-lp kr-jv-Sn-n-p--Xv.' F-v \-_n ]-dbp-p. t_m-Iv-knw-Kn-s A-Sn-m-\w ap-J-Sn--em-Wv. C-Xv C-kv-em-an-I hn-cp--am-Wv. t_mIv-knw-Kv i-n-bp-sS am--K-am-sW-n-epw ap-kv-enw
H-gn-hm-t- i-n-bp-sS am--K-am-Wv.
I-bpw A-h--v H-cp ]-n-bp-m-hp-I-bpw sN-bvXm- Pp-ap-A \n--_--am-Wv. Pp-ap-A \-a-kv-Imc-n-\v A-\p-a-Xn \n-tj-[n--s-m- Zp-lv-dv Ppam-A-m-bn \-a-kv-I-cn--Ww. A-Xn-\pw A-\p-aXn-bn-s-n- Zp-lv-dv H--v \-a-kv-I-cn--Ww.
`mKy Iq
tUm. APo \ivao
? H-cp C-kv-em-an-I am-kn-I A-Xv hm-p--h-s-mw H-cp Iq-- sIm-Sp-p-p. Cu Iq--
Xn-cn-p-\-ev-In \-dp-s-Sp-v \-S-n `m-Kyw Xp-Wbv-p--h--v H-cp k-m-\w e-`n-p-sa-p {]-Jym]n-p-I-bpw sN-p-p. \n-_--\-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b
Cu C-S-]m-Sn-s C-kv-em-an-I hn-[n-sb-v?
$ Cu hn-j-b-n- c-p Im-cy-- A-Sn-bn-p-v. am-kn-I hm-p--Xv km-[p-hm-b, ]q-W-am-b H-cp I--h-S-am-Wv. c-m-a-s kw-K-Xn
Nn-e \n-_--\-I- ]m-en-v am-kn-I hm-p--h-v I--h-S-m-c- H-cp k-m-\w \-ev-Ip-sa-mWv. hm-p--h- H-dn-Pn-\- Iq-- A-b-v sImSp--W-sa-m-Wv k-m-\ e-_v-[n-bp-sS \n-_-\. C-Xv Cu C-S-]m-Sn-\v hn-cp--am-b \n-_--\-b. am-kn-I \-ev-Ip- H-cp ss{]-kn-s hn-[n am{X-am-Wv C-Xn-\p--Xv. am-kn-I \-S-n-p-Im--v
C-Xn-s ]n-n- H-cp \- D-t-iyw am-{X-am-Wp-Xv. k-m-\w e-`n--W-sa- e-y-tm-sS amkn-I-bp-sS Iq-Sp-X- F-w tIm-n-I- hm-m C-Xn- ]-s-Sp-p--h--v ]m-Sn-. A-tm-
A-Xv H-cp Nq-Xm--n- ]-s-Sp-p--Xn-\v k-am\-am-bn-o-cp-p.
At_mj-\m-bm
ssiJv A_vZpdlvam A_vZp JmenJv
? H-cp kv-{Xo-v c-p-am-kw K--`-ap--tm-
A-t_m--j-\m-bn. C-\n A-h- F-{X Zn-h-kw \-akv-Im-cw D-t]-n--Ww. \m-ev-]-Xv Zn-h-kw I-gnn-pw c-w t]m-Ip-p-s-n- \n-b-a-sa-v?
$ A-t_m--j-\m-bm- {]-k-h-n-s \n-baw X-s-bm-sW-m-Wv ]-n-X-m-cp-sS A-`n-{]mbw. kv-{Xo-I- \m-ev-]-Xv Zn-h-kw \-a-kv-Im-cw Dt]-n--Ww. Xp-S--pw c-w I-m- c-{km-h-n-s hn-[n-bm-Wv A-Xn-\v _m-[-I-am-hpI. Ip-fn-p \-a-kv-I-cn--Ww.
! 63 !
am-\y-hm-b-m-tcm-Sv
A-u-lo-Zn- {]-kn-o-I-cn-p- te-J\--fn-epw ^-Xv-hm-I-fn-ep-ap- B-i-b--
A-h-bp-sS I--m--fm-b ]-n-X-m-cp-tSXv am-{X-am-Wv.-A-Y-hm, am-kn-I-tm A-Xn-t\mSv B-`n-ap-Jyw ]p-e--p- {]-m-\-n-t\m
A-h-tbm-Sv Hu-tZym-Kn-I _--an-. hy-Xy-kvX hn-m-\--fpw ho--W--fpw am-\y-hmb-\-m-cp-sS {]-_p--am-b Nn-m-a--e-fn-te-v F-n-p- Zu-Xyw am-{X-am-Wv amkn-I \n--h-ln-p--Xv. A-h- X--fp-sS hnth-N-\-i-n D-]-tbm-Kn-v A-h-sb hn-e-bncp-m- am-{Xw D-Zv-_p--cm-sW-v ]-{Xw hniz-kn-p-p. _-lp-am-\y-cm-b F-gp-p-Im-cpsS-bpw hm-b-\-m-cp-sS-bpw A-`n-{]m-b--Nn-m
kzm-X-{y-s am-\n-p- A-u-lo-Zv kam-\-Nn-m-K-Xn-m-cm-b ]-n-X-m-cp-sS ho-W-hy-Xym-k-tm-Sv k-ln-jv-Wp-X ]p-e-p-p. Cu \-bw Xp-S-w ap-X--t am-knI hy--am-n-bn-p--Xm-Wv.
]-{Xm-[n-]-
P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012
imkv{Xw
AUz. F DatImb
""hn
-n-s hn-cn-am-dn- ]-d-p ]-n-I-sf I-n-n-t? ho-Wpt]m-Im-sX A-h-sb B-Im-i-v ]nSn-p-\n-dp-p--Xv A-m-lp-h-m-sX
B-cp-a-'' (hn.Izp 16:76)
hn-jm-Z-hpw D-Xv-I-Wv-T-bp-an-m-sX
]m-dn--d-p- ]-d-h-I- {k-m-hns Io---\-- ]m-Snp-I-gv-nsm-v B-\--tm-sS D--kn-v
kw-Xr-]v-Xn-tbm-sS k-l-{k-\m-gn-II- ]n-n-Sp- Im-gv-N-I- \mw \ntXy-\ \n-co-n-v sIm-n-cn-p-pv. A-h-bp-sS B-lm-cw \n-t-]nAu-loZv
! 64 !
............................................................................
! 65 !
n hn-cn-n- ti-jw io-X-Im-ew I-gn-m- B-kvt{X-en-b-bn-epw Sm-kv-am-\n-bbn-epw t]m-bn ]m-p-hm- 5000 In.-ao-- ]-d-p-p. H-cn-S-pw \n-m-sX X-s e-y-m-\-s-p-p. Nn-e
I-gp-I-m- a-Wn-q-dn- 50 ap-X- 70 In.-ao-- ]d-p-tm-gpw C-c-I-sf Zq-sc-\n-pw I-s-n ]nSn-p-p. Nn-e Xm-dm-hp-I- t]m-epw 80 In.ao--
ap-X- 100 In.ao-- h-sc ]-d-m-dp-v. ]-e ]-nI-fpw 4000 ap-X- 8700 ao-- D-b-c-n- h-sc
tZ-im--c ]-d-- \n--h-ln-m-dp-v. Nn-e ]-nI- ln-am-e-b-n-s D-b-- ]--h-X-\n-c-I- IS-v ]-d-p-p-sh--Xv hn-kv-a-b-am-b Im-gv-N-bmWv. (A-ta-cn-- tKm--U
-- t]m--h-) F- ]n t\m-hm-kv-tIm-jn-bm-bn--\n-v sX-s Ata-cn--bn-te-p- bm-{X-bn- 4000 In.ao-- Zqcw 45 a-Wn-q- Xp-S---bm-bn F-pw hn-{i-anm-sX ]-d-p-p. Z en-n- n- v F- ]-n
h-S-p-In-g-- bq-tdm-n--\n-pw ssk-_o-cn-bmbn--\n-pw B-K-kv-Xv B-Zy-n- C-y-bn- Fn-bm- \m-em-gv-N I-gn-m- A-Xn-s a-S-bm-{X-bm-bn. H-cp-X-cw sh--sm-v P--a-\n-bn-
\n-v _n-m-\n-b- h-sc 7000 In.ao-- ]-d-sn-b-Xm-bn tc-J-bp-v. tam-kv-tIm k-ao-]w A-Sbm-f-s-Sp-n-b {Ko--km-v ss]-- ]-n-sb tIc-f-n- \n-v I-s-n-bn-p-v. tZ-im--c ]n-I-fn- B--n-Iv tS- C-W tN--v {]-P-\\w \-S-p--Xv D--c-{[p-h-{]-tZ-i-n-se em-nyq-Uv 820 t\m--n-em-Wv. ]n-o-Sv Z-n-W{Zp-hn-se 740 ku-n-te-v 17600 In.ao-- Zq-cw
A-h ]-d-p-p. Im-em-h-m hy-Xn-bm-\-- kw`-hn-p-tm-gp-m-Ip- am-- Iq-Sn I-W-nse-Sp-m- h-S-tm-pw sX-tm-p-ap- A-Xns bm-{X 48000 In.ao-- ap-X- 64000 In.ao--
h-sc-bm-Wv.
_m- sS-bn--Uv tKm-Uv hn-v F- ]-n-v
P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012
\n--m-sX 10200 In.ao-- ]-d-p-hm- km-[np-a-s{X. F-m- G--hpw A-p-X-I-c-hpw c-kI-c-hp-am-b Im-cyw Cu bm-{X-bn- A-h D-d-pp-sh--Xm-Wv. kzn-^v-v F- ]-n-v bm-{X-bn-\n-{Zm-a-b-w km-[y-am-sW-v hn-iz-kn--s-Spp. d-Um- \n-co--W--fn- \n-pw a-\-n-emhp--Xv ]q--h-Zn-n-te-p- bm-{X-bn- Im-n-s
K-Xn--\p-kr-X-am-bn Xn-cn-p-bm-{X sN-p-p.
Cu bm-{X-bn- A-h-bp-sS X-e-tm-dn-s A--[`m-Kw \n-{Z-bn- hn-{i-an-p-p. (hn-am-\-bm-{X-bn ss]-e-v a-b-p--Xpw hn-am-\w I-yq-- \nb-{-W---v hn-t[-b-am-n-bm-Wv)
""X---p-ao-sX Nn-d-Iv hn-S--n-bpw Np-cp-nbpw ]-d-p- ]-d-h-I-sf A-h- Im-Wp-n-t-tbm?
I-cp-Wm-a-b-\m-b ssZ-h-a-m-Xm-cpw A-h-sb ]n-Snp-\n--p-n-. A-h- F-mw ho-n-p--h-\tm?'' (hn.Izp 67:19)
A-m-lp-hn-s B-kq-{X-W-n-epw \n-b-{-Wn-epw kw-c--W-n-epw k--h-N-cm-N-c--fpw
N-en-p--Xpw B-l-cn-p--Xpw D-d-p--Xpw Bh-iy-- ]q--o-I-cn-p--Xpw A-m-lp-hm-Wv.
]-d-h-I--v ]-d-m-\p- ssh-Z-Kv-[yw \--In-bXv, B-lm-cw tX-Sp-hm-\p- am--K-Z--i-\w \-In-b-Xv, ]-d-m- tbm-Ky-am-b L-S-\ \--In-b-Xv
F-mw A-m-lp. `q-an-bn-ep- G-Xv P-p-hpw cv Nn-d-Ip-I--sIm-v ]-d-p- G-sXm-cp ]-nbpw \n--sf-tm-se-bp- k-aq-l-- am-{X-amIp-p. {K--n- \mw bm-sXm-cp ho-gv-N-bpw hcp-n-bn-n-. (hn.-Izp. 6:36)
\-_n(-kz) ]-d-bp-p: \n-- b-Ym--Y `-c-ta-]n-- B-{i-bn-p-p-sh-n- A-h- \n--v B-lm-cw \--Ip-am-bn-cp-p; A-h- ]-d-hI--v B-lm-cw \--Ip--Xp-t]m-se. A-h cmhn-se Iq-Sp-I-fn- \n-v hn-i-tm-sS ]p-d-p-h-cpp. km-bm-lv-\-th-f-bn- h-b- \n-d-v Iq-Sp-I-fnte-v-a-S-n-h-cp-p. Ip-p---v th--Xv tiJ-cn-v sIm-p-h-cp-p. (Xn.-P)
k-I-e-h-kv-Xp--sf-bpw kr-jv-Sn-p-I-bpw Ah-bv-v Ir-Xy-am-b ]-cn-Wm-aw \n--bn-p-I-bpw
sN-bv-X-h-\m-Wv A-m-lp. (hn.Izp 25:12). {]-]-n-se k-I-e h-kv-Xp---pw A-kv-Xn-Xzw \-Ip-I am-{X-a- Hm-tcmh-kv-Xp-hn-\pw A-Xn-s cq]-hpw P-U-hpw i-n-bpw I-gn-hp-I-fpw Kp-W-hnti-j--fpw B-lm-c-n-\p- am--K-hpw I--a-fpw I--a-am--K--fpw \n-e-\n-ev-]n-s Im-e-hpw hf--bp-sS-bpw hn-Im-k
-- n-s-bpw L---fpw IWn-i-am-bpw Ir-Xy-am-bpw tc-Js
- -Sp-n-bn-cn-pp.
]-e ]-n-I-fpw ]-d-p--Xn-\v ap]v Hm-Sn-bXn-\v ti-j-am-Wv s]m-p--Xv. hn-am-\--fpw ]-dp--Xn-\v ap-]v d--th-bn-eq-sS k--cn--Xn\pti-j-am-Wv D-b-cp--Xv. Nn-e ]-n-I- sh--n\v ap-I-fn-em-bn t\-cn-v h-n-d-p-p. I-c-bn-epw
sh--n-epw H-tc-t]m-se C-d-p-hm- kw-hn-[mAu-loZv
! 66 !
.............................................................................
a-e-I-, ]p-g-I-, I-S--o-c-- ap-Xem-b-h Xm-n k--cn-p- ]-n-I-v `q-an-bp-sS Im-n-I-i-n {K-ln-p-hm\p- I-gn-hp-s-m-Wv ]-d-b-s-Sp--Xv.
{[p-h
- f
- n-\n-v `q-a[
- y-tc-Jb
- n-te-p-
h-gn-bn- `q-an-bp-sS Im--i-nbn-ep-mIp- hy-Xym-k---v H-cp Ir-Xy-X-bpv. ]-n-I-fp-sS i-co-c-n-se G-tXm Hcp A-h-b-h-n-\v Cu hy-Xym-k-- {Kln-p-hm- I-gn-bp-sa-m-Wv hm-Zw.
.............................................................................
p--Xn-\pw km-[n-p-p.
a-e-I-, ]p-g-I-, I-S--o-c-- ap-X-em-bh Xm-n k--cn-p- ]-n-I--v `q-an-bp-sS
Im-n-I-i-n {K-ln-p-hm-\p- I-gn-hp-s-mWv ]-d-b-s-Sp--Xv. {[p-h--fn-\n-v `q-a-[y-tcJ-bn-te-p- h-gn-bn- `q-an-bp-sS Im--i-nbnep-m-Ip- hy-Xym-k---v H-cp Ir-Xy-X-bp-v.
]-n-I-fp-sS i-co-c-n-se G-tXm H-cp A-h-b-hn-\v Cu hy-Xym-k-- {K-ln-p-hm- I-gn-bpsa-m-Wv hm-Zw. Im-n-s K-Xn-bpw i-n-bpw Adn-p-th-Ww ]-d--en-s Zn-i-bpw th-K-X-bpw
k-a-b-hp-sa-mw {I-a-s-Sp-m-. A-h-km-\-am-bn
Nn-e e-y-m-\-s-n-bm- A-m-cyw I-dn-bp-hm-\pw I-gn-b-Ww.
]-n-I- F--s\-bm-Wv C-sX-mw I-s-p-Xv. ssZ-h-n-s i--am-b \n-b-{-W-n-emWv C-sX-mw N-en-p--Xv. ]-e-X-cw ]-n-I-fpw
X--fp-sS kz-tZ-iw hn-v A-t\-Im-bn-cw In-temao- A-I-se-bp- -e--fn- F-n F-hn-sSbm-Wv i-c-Xv-Im-ew I-gn-p-Iq-p--Xv. Nn-m-i-nbn-m- \n-m-c-Po-hn-I- `q-]-S--fp-sS-tbm hS-p-t\m-n-b-{--fp-sS-tbm k-lm-b-an-m-sX
hn-im-e-am-b `q-J---fn- k-ap-{Z--fpw Xm-n
e-y--e--fn- F-p-p-sh--Xv \-ap-v Nnn-p-hm- I-gn-bm- hn-kv-a-b-I-c-am-b Im-cy-fm-Wv.
]-n-hn-Rv-Pm-\n-I-fn- Ip-e-]-Xn-bm-b tUm.
k-eow A-en t_mw-s_-bn-ep- X-s ho-p-h-fn- h-n-cp- H-cp h-gn-Ip-ep-n ]-n-bp-sS Imen- H-cp A-eq-an-\n-bpw h-e-bw L-Sn-n-v, \m-eph--jw Xp-S---bm-bn F-m i-c-Xv Im-e--fn-epw
B ]-n A-tX h-f-n- hn-cp-p-h-n-cp--Xmbn A-t-lw I-p-]n-Sn-p. B-[p-\n-I Im-e-v
]-n-I-fp-sS tZ-im-S-\-s-p-dn-v [m-cm-fw K-thj- W - - \- S - p- s Im- n- c n- p- p- v . kv - t Im
tlmw Zzo-]n-se Iq-n--\n-v ]n-Sn-Iq-Sn hn-am-\-am-Kw sh-\o-kn- sIm-p-t]m-bn hn- H-cp am--Ivkv jn-b--hm-- F- ]-n 14 Zn-h-kw-sIm-v
A-Xn-s ho-n- Xn-cn-s-n. sh-\o-kn- \n-v
Au-loZv
! 67 !
Ip-dp-sI h-m- kv-tIm-tlm-an-te-v 1490 In.-ao- Zq-c-ta-bp-q. F-n-epw jn-b--hm-- H-cp I-S-]-n-bm-bn-cp--Xn-\m- k-ap-{Z-n-\p ap-I-fn-eqsS ]-d-m-\m-Wv km-[y-X. A-n-s\-bm-sW-n 14 Zn-h-kw-sIm-v 5920 In.-ao-- Zq-cw ]-d-ncn--Ww.
a-\p-jy- ]-n-I-sf amw-k-n-\pw ap--bv-pw
th-n h-f--m-dp-v. ]-e ]-n-I-fp-sS-bpw IqSp-\n--am-W-hpw A-p-X-I-c-am-Wv. hn-hn-[ X-c-nep- Iq-Sp-I-fm-Wv C-h \n--an-p--Xv. ]mw kzn^v-v F- H-cp ]-n kz-w D-an-\o-cm-Wv Iq-Sp-\n-am-W-n-\v ]-i-bm-bn D-]-tbm-Kn-p--Xv. Nn-e
]-n-I-fp-sS Iq-Sp-I- ssN-\-m- kq-p-m-phm- D-]-tbm-Kn-p-p-v.
]-e ]-n-I-fpw ]-e-tm-gpw Iq--am-bn-m-Wv ]d-p--Xv. C-h ]-d-p- C-S--fn- kq-cy-s\ ad-v A--Im-c-am-bn Xo-- kw-`-h-- D-mbn-p-v. ]m-k-- ]n-Pn-b- F- ]-n-bp-sS
Iq--- h-S-s A-ta-cn--bp-sS Nn-e {]-tZ-i-fn-eq-sS ]-d-p-t]m-Ip-tm- a-Wn-q-dp-I-tfmfw kq-cy-{K-l-W-k-a-b-p-m-Ip--Xp-t]m-se-bp C-cp-v hym-]n--Xm-bn ]-n-\n-co--I- dn-tm-v sN-bv-Xn-p-v.
]-n-I-fp-sS Iq-Sv \n--am-W-hpw A-p-X-I-cam-Wv. hn-hn-[-X-cw ]-n-I- hn-hn-[-X-c-n-ep-
Iq-Sp-I-fm-Wv \n--an-p--Xv. hn-hn-[ X-c-n-ep-
h-kv-Xp--fm-Wv Iq-Sp \n--am-W-n-\p-]-tbm-Kn-p-Xv. Hm-tcm Iq-Sn-s-bpw B-Ir-Xn-bpw cq-]-hpw
`w-Kn-bpw hy-Xy-kv-X--fm-Wv.
F-m ]-n-I-fpw Iq-Sp-\n--am-W-n-\v D-]-tbmKn-p--Xv X-s sIm-pw Im-ep-I-fp-am-Wv. P-kn--hm-k-\-bm-Wv A-Xn-s\ \n-e-\n--p--Xv. ]n-I-fp-sS `m-j a-\p-jy--v kp-]-cn-Nn-X-a-s-nepw \-p-sS-bn-S-bn- kw-km-cn-p- X--I-sfbpw ssa-\-I-sf-bpw Im-Wmw. F-m- C-h km[m-c-W ]-Tn-n-p-sIm-Sp-p- c-tm aq-tm hmp-I-f-m-sX D--cn-m-dn-. ]-n-I-fp-sS `m-j
a-\-n-em-p-hm- I-gn- Zm-hq-Zv \-_n(-A)-bpsS N-cn-{Xw Izp--B-\n- D-v. A-h A-t-l-tmsSm-w k-o---\-- B-e-]n-n-cp--Xm-bn tcJ-s-Sp-n-bn-cn-p-p.
Zm-hq-Zn-s Iq-sS k-o---\w sN-p- ]-h-X--sf-bpw ]-d-h-I-sf-bpw Io-gv-s-Sp-n-smSp-p.(hn.-Izp.21:79). \mw ]--h-X--sf A-t-ln-s Iq-sS hn-t[-b-am-n-bn-cn-p-p. A--s\
cm-hn-se-bpw ssh-In-pw A-h A-t-l-tm-sSmw k-o---\w sN-m-dp-m-bn-cp-p. ]-d-h-Isf-bpw Iq--tm-sS A-Zv-t-l-n-\v hn-t[-b-amn. H-s-bpw A-h-s k-o---\-n- \na-cm-bn-cp-p. (hn.Izp 38:18)
]-d-h-I- ssZ-h-Io---\-- {]-hm-N-I-\m-b
Zm-hq-Zv \-_n(-A)-bp-sS km-n-[y-n- B-e-]nm-dp-m-bn-cp-p. ]-n-I- X-n- B-i-b-hnP\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012
\n-a-bw sN-p- i-_v-Z-- Hm-tcm-pw hn-`n--fm-Wv. ]-e-X-cw ]-n-I- ]-e-X-cw cq-]-nepw `m-h-n-ep-am-Wv B-i-b-hn-\n-a-bw \-S-p-Xv. i-{Xp--fp-sS km-n-[yw D-m-Ip-tm- Ipp--sf kw-c-n-p-hm- C-h {]-tXy-Iw i_v-Z-- ]p-d-s-Sp-hn-p-p. Hm-tcm Pm-Xn ]-npw A-Xn-s-Xm-b `m-j-bp-s-pw Hm-tcm ]n-bpw B-h-iy-- \n-d-th-p-hm- th- i-_vZm-h-en B `m-j-bn- D-s- ssZ-hw F-m Poh-Pm-e---pw B-i-b-hn-\n-a-bw \-S-p-hm-\pw
ssZ-hn-I Io---\w B-e-]n-p-hm- ss\-k--KnI-am-b I-gn-hp-I- \--In-bn-p--Xm-Wv. tIm--hn ]-n-I- ]p-d-s-Sp-hn-p- i-_v-Zw ssZ-h\m-a-am-b A-m-lv F-m-Wv. C-cp-`m-K-pw X-eXn-cn-pw-sIm-v G-gp-X-h-W B-h--n-p-p.
A--]w amw-k-hpw Xq-h-ep-I-fpw s]m--bm-b
i-co-c-hp-ap- H-cp sIm-p-Po-hn-bp-sS ss\-k--KnI-am-b I-gn-hp-I-fpw B-kq-{X-W--fpw hw-i-h-[-\-bpw {]m--Y-\-bpw Io---\--fpw {k-jv-Sm-hns kr-jv-Sn ssh-`-h-s-bpw a-l-Xz-s-bpw {]Xn-\n-[m-\w sN-p-p.
]-n-I-fp-sS i-co-c-L-S-\-bpw A-p-X-I-c-amWv. `m-cw-Ip-d- i-co-cw. hm-bp- k-m-c-ap-
A-n-Iq-S--, izm-k-tIm-i-tm-Sv _--sv In-S-p- hm-bp A-d-I- X-e-tbm-n-se An-I- Iq-Sn-t--v In-S-p--h-bm-Wv. a-p-Pohn-I-fn- Im-Wp--Xp-t]m-se Iq-n-t---s--hb-. Hm--_n-p-I- ]-e-Xpw A-n-I- aq-ew th-Xn-cn--h-bm-Wv. \-s-n-\v I-gp-v, s\-v, C-Spv Xp-S-n-b `m-K--fn-sem-s I-gp-n--\n-v
{]-tXy-I X-c-n-ep- h-f-bp- I-ti-cp--fpw ImW-s-Sp-p-v. ]-t s\-n-se B-Zy-`m-K-v
N-e-\-ti-jn Ip-d--Xpw N-e-\-ti-jn C-m-Au-loZv
! 68 !
Xp-am-b I-ti-cp--fpw Im-W-s-Sp-p-v. A-h-km\-s G-Xm-\pw I-ti-cp-- C-Sp-s-p-am-bn IqSn-t--n-cn-p-p. A--s\ H-cp knw-tk-{Iw cq]-s-n-cn-p-I-bm-Wv. ]-n-I- ]n--`m-K-s Iti-cp--fpw A-n-I-fpw Iq-n tbm-Pn-v C-f-an-m-Xm-n A-hn-sS ]-d-p-hm- B-h-iy-am-b akn-ep-I- L-Sn-n--s-n-cn-p-I-bm-Wv. ]-d-phm- I-gn-bm- ]-n-I-fn- H-gn-sI C--s\-bmWv L-S-\. ap--Im-ep-I- Nn-d-Ip-I-fm-bn cq-]m-c-s-Sp-n-bn-cn-p-p.
Nn-e tZ-im-S-\-n-I- kz-w i-co-c-n-se
`m-K--fn- \n-pw D-Zm-l-c-W-am-bn Ip-S-en--\npw t{]m-o-\p-I- D-]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m-hp- X-cn- cq-]m--cw {]-I-Sn-n-n-p-v. A-s\-bmWv A-[n-I-am-b Du--Pw kw-`-cn-p--Xv.
]-n-I-fp-sS iz-k-t\-{n-b-- h-f-sc k-o-W-am-b-h-bm-Wv. iz-kn-p- hm-bp-hn-se 75% ip-hm-bp-hpw izm-k-tIm-i--fn-se-m-sX ]n--`mK-p- hm-bp-k-n-I-fn- F-n A-hn-Sp-s
A-n-I-fn-se hm-bp k-n-I-fn- \n-d-bp-p. _mn 25% am-{Xw izm-k-tIm-i--fn- F-p-p.
A-s\ ]-n-I-fp-sS izm-k-tIm-i--fn- izmk-sa-Sp-p-tm-gpw D-Oz-kn-p-tm-gpw ip--hmbp \n-d-bp-p.
]-n-I-fn-se X-e-tm-dn-se G--hpw hn-I-kn `m-Kw ]-d--en-s\ {I-ao-I-cn- `m-K-am-Wv. skdn-s_-w N-e-\-s \n-b-{n-p-tm- sk-dn{_w i-cn-bm-b Zn-i \n--W-bw X-\-Xm-b kz-`m-h
hn-ti-j-- C-W-tN-c-, Iq-Sp-\n--am-Ww F-o
Im-cy--sf \n-b-{n-p-p. an- ]-n-I--pw
{Lm-W-i-n h-f-sc Ip-d-hm-Wv. Io-hn-bn- Cu
i-n {]-I-S-am-bn h--[n-p-Im-Wp-p.
]-n-I-fn- Im-gv-N-i-n {]-I-S-am-bn h--[np-Im-Wp-p. P-e-]-n-I-fn- h-f-bp- se--kpI- Im-W-s-Sp-p-v. C-Xv I-c-bn-epw sh--nepw D-]-tbm-Kn-p-hm- ]-cym-]v-X-am-b \n-e-bn-emWv. ]-n-I- sS-{S-t{Im-am-n-Iv B-Wv. A--{Sm-hb-e-v c-iv-an-I-fpw ]-, Np-I-v, \o-e \n-d--fn-ep c-iv-an-I-fpw {]-Xn-I-c-W-ti-jn-bp- I-p-Ifp-am-Wv. C-h-sb A--{Sm-h-b-e-v c-iv-an-I-sf kzoI-cn-p-hm- ]-cym-]v-X-cm-p-p.
C-W tN-cp- k-a-b--fn- C-Xv h-f-sc klm-b-I-am-Wv. ]-e ]-n-I-fn-epw A-Xn-a-t\m-l-cam-b \n-d--fp- Xq-h-ep-I-ep-m-Ipw. a-\p-jy-t\{X---v tKm-N-c-a-m- C--cw \n-d-- A-{Sm-h-b-e-v c-iv-an-I-fp-sS {]-Xn-^-e-\-n-eq-sS ]n-I--v enw-K-t`-Zw Xn-cn--dn-bp-hm- I-gn-bpp. q-Sn--kv F- h--K-n-se B--]-n-Ifn- A--{Sm-h-b-e-v c-iv-an-I- {]-Xn-^-en-p-
A-Xn-a-t\m-l-c-am-b `m-K-- Im-W-s-Sp-p. CW tN-cp--Xn-\p-ap-m-bn I-gp-n-se A-Xn-a-t\ml-c-am-b Xq-h-ep-I- D-b--n-n-Sn-v B--]-nI- s]--]-n-I-sf B-I--jn-p-p.
#
P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012
Unique
Umar Thayyil, Mankada
! 69 !
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Au-loZv
! 70 !
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P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012