ey / periment No: 01 i Namie of the Experiment: Observation of Lleteival Uquipments of, Objectives; Following are the requived objectives: () To know about Blecisica! Phtents of qvery day life 3 In our daily life we frequently use electrical Satipments, When you are Stepping in to work in fi trical engineering, you should observe ak used in your daily lifo, ie-electrical Report: Cqtipments answering the fol Prepare a report on your abservati monet more than of lowing questic nse (10) electrical 1. What is its name? 22 What isi 3. What is its 4, What ar 5. For what Electrical Eng Power rating? ils.current and voltage Purpose is it boing used? neering name? (IF any)of the Expesiment: Verification of Ohm's Law, . bjcctives: Following are the req ed objective Theory: In 1826 George Simon Ohm stated a la whi ich is maintained at a constant temperature is between the terminals" twas "The current in a mets al conductor Proportional to the pot tial difference the conductor as the resistance of the cond ‘elation between the potential difference, ; Mathematical statement of Ohm's law wo + ‘Where, K is a constant, lor. ‘The final current and the resist uld be = R= Vt ifthe temperature rea equaition states a nee. A complete + +L Ammeter (1 pes; 0-5) 2. Voltmeter (1 pes; 0-300) WSs 3. Resistance (2 Pes? 10823702) 4. DC voltage source,(200 v) i * _ S. Connecting wires, Circuit Diagram: Volt meter Ammeter -_— é 105 G2 Sceumsnal Ss: Se 370 2 J laa : if=] Coueet the circuit as above. §) the ammeter ind the voltumete: Ser unest the cireuit as above again and take the new rey voltmeter. Repeat the process for at least ten (10) time: from the values of the re, ing of the amy h the test resistance, Plot the Disconnect the supply. C: an ter and the volimn values of the eu ipply [I] Voltage am (volt) 58220 20 [apn 2 }|_\95 \O0 Age \t ob Y 1} _A7S [1082] jo avba) ¥79" 1082 [196 25 T 4 Tosa 1n6G5 | elea| Jala e op] | 0 Report: Prepare a Feport including theory, objective, g discussion on the experiment and experimental d Graph: Plota Graph putting Voltage values on X. Questions: 1, Why the calculated resistance is not equals 2. What will happer if the current is plotted 3. Upon which factor the accuracy of the ealeul 4. Is the graph yiclds the straight line? If not, why? itch on the volkage sources take the ue the variable ale of the ter. Compare the rent and the voltage on a graphfame of the kxperiment: connection in a resistive Circuit, tudy of Ammeier, Voltmeter and Wattmeter Objective: ollowing are the required objectives: Theory: In any resistive circuit the power of the cireuit ean be! measured by using an Wallmeter directly. Again the power can be measured through the reading of the Ammeter and the voltmeter reading since Power (P) =Voliage (V) “Current a ~ Apparatus: * ‘ 1. Ammeter (1 pos; 0-10A) pt O | 2: Voltmeter (1 pes; © 500 V) 3. Waitmeter (1 pes; 0-3009 W) 4, Resistance (1 pes: 2g 5, DG voltage sourée, (200 V) 6. Cohnecting wires. ixcuit Diagram; , { \ 3709 Procedure: Connect the circuit as above. Switch on the voltage readings of the ammeter, voltmeter and the wattmetcr. Disconnect the supply. Change the variable resistance, connect the circuit as above again and take the new readings of the ammeter voltmeter anc! the waltmetcr. Repeat the process for at least ‘ten (10) times, Find the value of the power from the'values of the reading of the ammeter end the voltmeter, Compare the value with the value of the power measured by the wattnictet, Determine the error between the measured and the caleulated power. source; take theData Table: ST [Supply No: Voltage Wy) al 200 T)Woliag [Power (am |e (volt) | (waus) + (e e P). 0 197 65 [Pom (vats) | 200 200 200 [-200" 200! 200. 200, 200) [elelale fale fons) 0 200. Report: Prepare a report incuding thoory, objective, ds NG eaeatoe and discussion on the ex; i nan it and experimental data.werent No: 04 Name of the Exp NS Voltage £3 Objectives ‘ollowing are the required objectives: ‘Theory: Kirehhel?'s voltage law states that the ulyebra ‘he potential drops around a closed loop or path, the algebraic sum of voltages. vero. 1¢ EMIs equals the algebraic sum of the in Ry 1. Voltmeter (1 pes 0-300v) 2. Resistance(2 pes: 379-Ipes,3702-Ipes) 3. DC voltage souree.(200 v) 4, Conneeting wires Cirenit Diagram: um of the poten other words it ear 3702 (KVL). rises and” ; said that \ividual clomentveedure: Con; -adings of the vol Data Table: Supply Voltage [ST (Vs) 200 | 200 Voltage | V1 (vole) and take the new readings of the voltmeter, Ke mes. ‘The audition of th Voliage Na (volt) 0 verily the law, Voltage TV; V=(Vir V3) | (volt) | « ‘peat Voltage drops across the ol Be (Vs) volt) Error %e= ((VWYVVs}x100 233 178 2015, [3 07 200, 200 200 200 200 200 5 6 7 8 [9 200 200Nameof the’ Experiment, Verification "Kirchhhonts Current Law, Objectives: Following are the Fequired objectives: Theory: Kirehhofls current law States that the algebraie sun teaviuy in an area or a junetion OF a system is zero, In algebraic sum of the currents cutering of the current entering and ijt Words it can be said that the in an area or a junction of @ system equals the algebraic sum of the current in that area or 2 junction or a ‘system, 4 . i i { 4 i \ 1 | j 7 } i : b } } z i ; j From above figure with Fespect to the Kirehho! an hee 1 Hy | . i Apparatus: j . | JeAmmeter (1'pes: 0:3 a) j ai 2. Resistance (3 Pes: 370-Ipes, 3702-Ies, 1s.) Pes) j 3. DC Voltage source. (209 i) j ‘ " ; ae i | Circuit Diagram Res70n ! | ? 1 Met j ee eos | | 319 a Wy ih | RetosQ 7 | — SIRS2CdUre: Conncel the circuit as ahwve. source; take the ctlings of the animneters, Diseont Uthe supply, Change the variable resistance, « the circuit as above again and take the new readin for ai least ten (10) times. The addition of the et leavinig to verify the law. Switch on the vol sunelers, Repeat the process entering must equal the curents Data Table: SE Current | Current Current Error No: |(Amp) | n(Amp) {1 (Amp) a) %e= {(IeleVl)x100 te any) | L 1.6. 0.42 LAB 16 | 2 18 0.68 [a 7s! a i : 6 i | = s T T T 9 | | to t i t t Report: Prepare a Teport including theory, obj discussion on the experiment and experimental He, calculations and ata.Name of the Experiment; Veritiation of Su HPerPOSItion “evry Objectives; , Following are the requitey objectives Theory: the an clement voltages Superpos ina liner bi produced inde; tion theorem states that lateral netw through oF th ork is equ voltage across the currents o¢ pendently by each sou applying the theorem, Possible 2 consider the effet ufo source: numiber that have to be ‘analyzed but in general, Number of independent sources thal the total power: deliver rea (© 4 resistive element must be amen eS oF the total voliggg a oss the current through or ic clement determined by hed by each source, ; simple sum of the i, + Meter (1 pes: Ot OA) ‘| J Resistance pes: 370.1 Pes, 37 8B Source (209 i wires, OI pes, 10s.) . DE volta y) 4. Comcetin a and can not be * * Powsr levels establishe, | i | | | ]© supply Now change the current fi Disconneet take the reading of the Data Table: SI [Current Current] —Gurrear Current [7 ‘Error Nov: Total) | 1,¢Amp) | 1:(Amp) Je (rH) | % e= i 1Gotaly Te 13100 ante ] Ahem, a ' | pepe _ | Ls9 ai “| | 2 =]S]e]faya]=]| S| repare a repor including theory, objective, data table, cate discussion on the experiment and experimental da i hey. [ * | Report! p,Name of the Experiment: veri tion Of Reciprocity ‘Theorem, Objectives: rottow ‘ing are the required object Fee it ths euront io aay braneh ofa iene Jere cle in the network ,will equal the cuneng Fe qisitally located ifthe sources placed in iginally measured, Figure: | Apparatus: 1 Ammeter (1 Pes: 0-SA), 2. Voltmeter (Ipes:0-600v) 3 Resistance G pes: 3721 pes, 270Rpem, and 108041 pes) 4. DC voltage source-(Variae) 5. Connecting wires, Figure; 1 370i 95080 t i |«It Disconnect the 1 COdUre: Conmect the circuit as above in ti © the readings of the ai mmeters, Take the rea stipply. Now chang igure: 1. Switch ont ding of Ue © the cireuit di he voltsg ammeter for e the ammeter fot asin figur * current la, Repeat the process for at lease ten (10) DataTable: i SI "| Voltage] Current hy Current Ts (Amp) . : [Now voll) | Rtn Ke (Ly. : 1 200 O15 01S | 0.0 2 7 "65 a 3 “7 “iy ==] 4 fe HEN ks ca 5 ey r 1 6 | 7 | 1. 3. I 9 [ | 10 | 5 | Port including theory, objective, data fable, calculations and » the experiment and experimerial data, =Uke the fe Disconnect the the ammeter for ex Data Table; "4 r cedure: Connect Feadings of the Supply. Now chang the circuit as above in f ammeters, Take th nthe vortag ammeter for curve in Figure: 2.1; Feast ten (10) times, 1g at Hi, diagram as ent I, Repeat s For at 1 source; ‘ke the reading of discussion on i Propate a repor the experiment eer Voltage Current], Currents Cinpy Error +i aod lc (VETS: (Aimy %=(UL Vly «100 - 200 15 O15" 0.0 2 i : | a foes a 8. a | ness oS including theory, objective, data and experiment bie, caleulations and ‘al data,PETHNCHD No: OS, me of the Experiment: veri sation of Maxiimua Power Transfer Theorem, Objectives: Following are the requifed objectives: Theory; ‘The Maximum Poy maxipuunt power front Tiner bilat cqualto'the TMeventiy Transfer theore:: states that feral! de-network when its tot Hesistanee of the newvork, 8 load will receive al resistive value is exactly Rin r 1 =; From figive it canbe sai thar maximuny gow nett (1 2. Voltmeter (Ipess: Ov) 3. Wattmiie (loow-6d0i4)" A Resistaiice (2 pek'3700"1 nes, 108 2-F pes) 5. Coniiceting wires. DC siiiplyecedur -ne reading the supply change in figure. Switeh on the ye se giimeler for V and watimeler for P. Diseonneer © andl again connect to the source, Have readings as Tor at least ten (10) times, ollage source; Take ammeter for current the variable resist Previously taken, Repeat the process Data Table: SINo: [ Voltage, V voir Current, T (Amp) [Power P ‘i pie bs | Reqvnya | 3 106 0.77 4 104 0.78 Ss 100 0.84 6 96 0.88, ‘ 5 7 $ — | 2: 10 I fe Report: Prepare 7 report including theory, objective, data lable, o; Siscussion on the experiment and exp. aleulations and erimental data, zMAPSEUMCHL NU: UY cr bilateral network nda ser Apparatus; 1. Ammeter (1 pes: 30A-10A) * (Ipes: 150-600y) = om < Figurest: : i 2 srimplete the circuit as the figuress und ‘east ten (10) times. Vu (volt) | (voit (volt lamp | Rue(var ciate bow in tsar: 1. svtch on the voluige source; fp iake the readings Of the ammeters. Take the teading of the ammeter fog curr Ns voltmeter for V and watimeier fr. Disconnect th supply, change the und miei Vy, Next complete ne circu igtre:3 and take 1 nd the value of Ve and to Reps Data Table: a SE] Vol ] Cure Very Cure | Resi No: ftage | cnet | tage Gage" Pent ts | tines « | vl (Amp| Vs ) | Isa icctive, da data, “atable, calculations angperiment No: 19 ; Name of the Experiment; Messurement of Cupacitance using Volimeter and Wattnieter, Ammeter, Objectives: Fottowing are the required objectives: } t Theory: The clenient constructed sia 4 insulating material i eal ply eC two parallel eonduetiig plates g {0 store charge on it's plate Hed s capacitor. Capacitance is a men 's. Mathemati ally= CHR.) re Xe is the capacitive reactance. the:frequency .C ean be deter Nis clear from the Mion that by finding Xe and Apparatus: - Ammeter (1 pes: 0-5) 2. Voltmeter (Ines: 0-600y), 3- Waitmeter (10-3000) 4 Capacitor (16-1281) . Connecting wires, Circuit Diagram: i « Procedure: Conneet the cireait as above ity figuy 4 7 the readings ofthe ammeter. alee the reading of the V and watimeter for P. Disconnect the supply, Chan, ireuit as above again and take the (10) times, Switeh cn the voltage source; take meter for current }, voltmeter for capacitor value, connect the Repeat the process for at least ten values as previously,fa Voltag | Current | Pow: “afte: cv 1 iP (volt) | camp) | (Wat) 222 wanes | Qe) C=U2RIX) | [O13 fen sil 4 5 rm 7 8 9 u 0 Reports Prepare a repost in discussi on the experiment and experimental dats. £1 cluding theory, objective, data table, calculations andGet Ae experiment No, 10 ts aibteaidasistucytof a series cesonanee Grea Objective weumeasure the current flowing through a scries wLC circuit for different Nau Of capacitors and a graph cf current versus capachance Wat ve obtained. ‘Resonance Is obtained at the point where the current Is the ‘ maximum, | Procedure eee rorcntect the clrcult as shown in the following Fig. Select a small apacltor, say 10uF. ~CoFig, Step 2: Be sure that the supp ply voltage selector switch i {Extreme left) position, Switch ON the wane 5 the’meter readings in tie data table gies y at the minimum, Power. Observe an; id note dow an No. c . & [eh a =a 7 z = E | fi vi @ i sot a 5 cue es 2 Step : Change the capacitor to a higher falue, say 20, igher value, say 2046. tt note down the meter readings in the data table. eee aeealues of the ¢, and reach to such @ Rather it will now dec APACHLOFS. You wilt Dolnt where the Tease even if you Write a report and submit. maximum, The volt fer than even the su these voltag