DESIGN OF RETAINING WALL FOR RAMALINGESWARA NAGAR STPs

Design of Retaining Wall 7.50Mts. Height:

Total height of retaining wall
Base width
Toe projection
Width of Counter forts
Thickness of stem
Spacing between counter forts
Height of earth filling on heel
Sl. No
1.
2.
3.

Force
W1=Wt of back fill
W2 = Wt. of Stem
Wt. of base Slab=W3

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

7.50m
4.50m
1.00m
0.50m
0.50m
3.00m
6.50m

Magnitude in KN
3.0 x 6.5 x 18 = 351.0
0.5 x 7.5 x 25 = 93.75
0.5 x 4.5
= 56.25

From toe x (m)

3.00
4.5 --- = 3.0
2
1.25
2.25
Total

M (KN-m)
1053
117.19
126.56
1296.75

Total Weight
Stabilising moment

= 351 + 93.75 + 56.25 = 501.0 x N

Ms =
= 1297.0 KN-m
2
P
= 1/2 x Ca x r x H
M
= P x H/3
M
= 1/2 x 1/3 x 18 x 83/3
Overturning moment due to horizontal back fill earth pressure
Mo = 1/3 x 18 x 73/6

343 KN-m

Total over turning moment Mo

343 KN-m

Factor of safety against overturning

= 0.9MS
------Mo

0.9 x 1297
-----------343

= 3.40 > 1.4

Hence O.K
Sliding force

Resisting force

1 1
-- -- 18 x 72 =
2 3

= 0.5 (0.9 x 501) =

147 KN
225.45 KN

Factor of safety against sliding

225.45
-------- = 1.53 > 1.4
147

However, Shear Key is provided. Provide a raft beam with piles @ 3 m C/c of 450mm dia with
7-12 mm dia as main steel and 8mm stirrups @ 200 C/C and 5-12mm dia. at top & bottom with
8mm dia. stirrups @ 150mm C/c for raft beam.
PRESSURE FROM SOIL:
Total moment about O

= 1297 - 343 = 954 KN-m

Horizontal distance at which resultant intercepts base = 954

---501

1.90

e = 2.25 - 1.90 = 0.35m

P max

= 501
---- (1 + 6 x 0.35)
4.5
4.5

= 163.30 KN/m2 < 175 KN/m2 ( consider piles of depth 3.60m with 450mm dia. )
P mm = 59.39 KN/m2, positive Hence O.K
DESIGN OF STEM:
Maximum horizontal pressure on stem

1
18
-- x -- x 6.52
3
2
126.75 KN/m2

=
Maximum moment

M lim

126.75 x 32 x 1.50
12

142.59KN-m

0.138 f bd2

0.138 x 30 x 1000 x 4602

876 x 10 6 N-mn
>M

Hence thickness of stem is sufficient

142.59 x 106

M
--------

Bd 2
Pt
Ast

------------------------

1000 x (460)2
= 0.67
= 0.20 %
= 0.2 x 1000 x 460
-----------------------100
= 920.0 mm2/m (or) 9.20cm2/m
2

Provide 12mm dia bars at 120 mm c/c.

Ast = 1005 mm2
Districbution steel

= 0.12
----- x 460 x 1000
100
= 552 mm2

Provide 12 mm bars at 200 mm in both directions on the front side also to take care of + ve
moment in the middle.
CHECK FOR SHEAR:
Maximum shear force at the face
Of counterfort
V

= 1.5 x 52.91

= 42.33 x (3-0.5)
------------------2
79.37KN

= 52.91 KN

Tv = 79.37 x 1000
----------------- = 0.173 N/mm2
460 x 1000
Percentage reinforcement (Pt) Pt =

100 x 1005
--------------1000 x 460
Tc = 0.20 N/mm2

= 0.218

Tv < Tc Hence safe

DESIGN OF TOE SLAB:
Cantilever moment

= 163.30 x 1.02
----------------- = 81.65
2
M = 1.5 x 81.65 = 122.48 KN-m M Inn
M
122.48 x 10 6
--- = ----------------Bd2
10 3 x (460) 2
Pt

0.58

= 0.170

Ast = 0.170 x 103 x 460

------------------------- = 782
100
Provide 16 mm bars @ 200 mm c/c

CHECK FOR SHEAR :

Pressure at critical point

(163.30 - 59.39)
59.39 + -------------------- x (3.5 + 0.46)
4.5
150.83 KN/m2

Shear force pr metre width of toe

V

1
-- (163.30 + 150.83) x (1.0 0.46)
2
= 84.82 KN

= 1.5 x 84.82 = 127.22

Tv

= 127.22 x 103
----------------1000 x 460

0.28 N/mm

Ast

= 1000
----- x ( x 162 /4) = 1004.8 mm 2
200

Pt

= 100 x 1004.8
---------------- = 0.22
1000 x 460

Tc

= 0.35

Tv < Tc
Hence D = 500 is safe
DESIGN OF HEEL SLAB :
Soil pressure at the junction with steam = 128.60 KN/m2
Load from back fill

= 117.00 KN/m2

Load from 500 mm thick slab (self weight)

= 0.5 x 1 x 25
Downward Load

= 12.50 KN/m2

= 116.10 KN/m2

Maximum downward pressure intensity is at the edge

P max

= 116.10 KN/m2

= 116.10 x 32
------------------

= 87.08 KN-m

12
M

= 1.5 x 87.08

= 130.60 KN-m

130.60 x 106
= --------------1000 x (460)2

-----

bd2
Pt

0.17

Ast

0.2 x 1000 x 460

---------------------100

0.61

= 920 mm2

Provide 16 mm dia bars @ 200 mm c/c

Distribution steel of 12 mm diameter bars @ 200 mm is provided at right angle to main
bars.
DESIGN OF COUNTERFORT:
For beam Action:
Inclination of counterfort with horizontal (-)

7.5
= tan -1 ---3.0

= 68

Depth of counterfort d for beam action at junction = 3.0 sin(-) = 2.79 m

1
18.x 6.53
= -- x ----------- x 3
3
2x3

Maximum moment on conterfort

= 823.90 KN-m
M

1.5 x 823.90

= 1235.80 KN-m
M
--Bd2

1235.80 x 106
--------------- = 0.32
500 x (2790)2

Pt

0.11

Ast

0.20 x 500 x 2790

-----------------------100

= 2790 mm2
But minimum reinforcement required

= 085bd
-------fy
= 0.85 x 500 x 2790
--------------------415
= 2857 mm2

Provide 6 bars of 25 mm diameter

Ast provider =

m x 252
6 x --------- = 2944.0 mm2
4

HORIZONTAL TIES :
Consider bottom 1 m height of steem
Maximum Pressure
Total lateral pressure to be transferred
From stem to slab
Factored force
Area of tensile steel required for it

= 42.33 KN/m2
= 42.33 (3-0.5)
= 105.80 KN
= 1.5 x 105.80
= 158.74 KN
= 158.74 x 1000
-----------------0.87 x 415
= 440.0 mm2

Provide 12 mm dia bars at 150 mm c/c.

VERTICAL STIRRUPS :
Near end of heel downward force
Factored force

= 116.10 KN/m2
= 1.5 x 116.10
= 174.15 KN/m2

Steel required to resist this tensile force

= 174.15 x 1000
-----------------0.87 x 415
= 482.0 mm2

Provide 12 mm dia bars at 150 mm c/c.

Signed T.Moses Kumar,
S.E-I & C.E-I/c