Chng 1: Cc Khi

i Tng v Nhim V Ca Mn Hc

Phn Loi Chi Tit Trong Sc Bn Vt Liu

6
7
8

Nim C Bn

Ngoi Lc Ni Lc

ng Sut

Lin H Gia ng Sut v Cc Thnh Phn Ni Lc

Bin Dng

Cc Gi Thit C Bn V Vt Liu

Nguyn L Cng Tc Dng Ca Lc

i Tng v Nhim V Ca Mn Hc

* i tng: Vt tht

* Vt lm bng vt liu g?
* Vt c hnh dng, kch thc c
th
* Vt b thay i hnh dng, kch
thc, b ph hy khi chu tc
dng ca lc

i Tng v Nhim V Ca Mn Hc
* Nhim v ca mn hc: a ra cc phng php xc nh kch

thc cn thit v vt liu ph hp cho cc b phn cng trnh hay chi tit
my vi yu cu chi ph vt liu t nht m vn m bo:
+ iu kin bn:
Cc chi tit my hay cc b phn cng trnh
lm vic bn vng v lu di m khng b
gy, v.

i Tng v Nhim V Ca Mn Hc

+ iu kin cng
Nhng thay i v hnh dng v kch thc ca chi tit my hay cc
b phn ca cng trnh khng c vt qu gi tr cho php.

i Tng v Nhim V Ca Mn Hc

+ iu kin n nh
Cc b phn ca tng kt cu cng trnh phi bo ton hnh dng
hnh hc ca kt cu khi chu lc, nhm loi tr cc hin tng
dn n mt n nh nh cong vnh hoc mo m.

Phn Loi Chi Tit Trong Sc Bn Vt Liu

* Chi tit dng thanh

+ Thanh c c trng bi trc thanh v mt ct ngang

Phn Loi Chi Tit Trong Sc Bn Vt Liu

+ Phn loi thanh

- Thanh thng
- Thanh cong
- Thanh phng
- Thanh khng gian

Phn Loi Chi Tit Trong Sc Bn Vt Liu

* Chi tit dng tm, v

Phn Loi Chi Tit Trong Sc Bn Vt Liu

* Chi tit dng khi

Ngoi Lc Ni Lc
3.1 Ngoi Lc:
* Ngoi lc l tt c cc yu t t bn ngoi tc ng ln i tng

kho st.
* Phn loi ngoi lc
- Lc tp trung

Ngoi Lc Ni Lc
- Lc phn b

+ Lc phn b ng: q , th nguyn: [lc]/[chiu di]

Ngoi Lc Ni Lc

+ Lc phn b mt: p , th nguyn: [lc]/[chiu di]2

+ Lc phn b khi:

, th nguyn: [lc]/[chiu di] 3

Lc phn b khi : lc trng trng, lc qun tnh, lc in t,

Ngoi Lc Ni Lc
3.2 Ni Lc:
* Ni lc l lng thay i lc lin kt gia cc

phn t trong mt chi tit do s thay i hnh dng,

kch thc ca chi tit di tc dng ca ngoi lc.
* Cch xc nh ni lc: s dng phng php

mt ct

P3

P3

P4

P2

P2

P4

C
II

P1

P1

Pn

Pn

P3

P4

P2

P1

Noi lc

B
Pn

Ngoi Lc Ni Lc

P3

P4

P2

Noi lc

P1

B
Pn

* Ni lc l lc pht sinh trn mt ct.

* Ni lc ph thuc vo v tr ca mt ct, tng im trn mt ct v

ngoi lc tc dng ln vt.

* Ni lc cn bng vi ngoi lc tc dng ln vt.

Ngoi Lc Ni Lc

* Thu gn h ni lc phn b v tm mt ct ta c

P
M R
P
3

P2

P1

B
Pn

: Vct chnh ni lc

M : Mmen chnh ni lc
* Cc thnh phn ni lc
Pn

Mz

Mx

Nz

Qx

P2

My

x
P1

Qy

+ Lc dc

Nz

Ko-nn

+ Lc ct

Qx , Q y

Ct

+ Mmen xon
+ Mmen un

Mz

M x,M y

Xon
Un

ng Sut
P1

* ng sut trung bnh:

q
u tb
F

q Vi phn ni lc

P2

F Vi phn din tch

P3

=> ng sut bng cng ca ni lc trn mt n v din tch

q
dq
U

* ng sut ti mt im:
A
lim
dF
F 0 F
* Th nguyn ca ng sut: [lc]/[chiu di]2

ng sut c n v: N/m2; kN/cm2

ng Sut
* ngha ca ng sut: ng sut ti mt im l

i lng c trng cho kh nng chu ng ca

vt liu ti im v l tiu ch kim tra bn.
* Phn loi ng sut:

+
+

: ng sut php
: ng sut tip

Bin Dng

Bin dng: l s
thay i hnh dng,
A
P
kch thc ca chi
tit khi chu tc dng
O
B
ca ngoi lc.
* Phn loi bin dng:
- Bin dng di: l lng thay i chiu di
*

P2

A'

P3

B'

O'
O

Pn

+ Bin dng di tuyt i:

L O ' A ' OA

+ Bin dng di tng i:

L O ' A ' OA

L
OA

P4

- Bin dng gc (Bin dng trt): l lng thay i ca gc vung

A 'O ' B '
2
* Chuyn v: l s thay i v tr ca mt im thuc vt trc v sau khi

vt b bin dng.

Cc Gi Thit C Bn V Vt Liu
* Vt liu lin tc: khng tn ti cc khuyt tt bn trong chi tit.
* Vt liu ng nht: Vt liu c cng tnh cht (c hc, l hc) mi

im bn trong chi tit.

* Vt liu ng hng: Ti mi im trong vt tnh cht c, l nh nhau

theo mi phng.
* Vt liu n hi l tng: khng tn ti bin dng d bn trong chi
tit.
* Bin dng v chuyn v ca vt l rt nh so vi kch thc ca vt:
cho php ta p dng nguyn l cng tc dng.
8

Nguyn L Cng Tc Dng Ca Lc

ng sut v bin dng do mt h lc gy ra s bng tng ng sut
v bin dng do tng lc tc dng ring r gy ra.