FOUR FORCES IN JET

PROPULSION

MAN IS NOT BUILT TO FLY!

BIRDS ARE!
MAN HAS TO OVERCOME
FORCE OF GRAVITY WEIGHT
HAS TO CREATE UPWARD
FORCE LIFT
HAS TO OVERCOME AIR RESISTANCE OR
DRAG TO KEEP MOVING

SO WE MADE A MACHINE TO FLY!

WE MADE WINGS TO CREATE LIFT
WE MADE ENGINE TO PRODUCE THRUST
LIFT TO
OVERCOME
WEIGHT
THRUST TO
OVERCOME
DRAG
THE BALANCE OF
FORCES
CHANGE AS THE
AIRCRAFT
DESCENDS OR
RISES, SPEEDS UP
OR SLOWS DOWN

LIFT is the force at right angles to the direction of motion

and due to difference in air pressure

LIFT BY WINGS
Lift is created by wings

This is the wing on NASA's solar-powered Centurion

plane.
AIR TRAVELS FASTER OVER CURVED UPPER SURFACE
THAN FLAT LOWER SURFACE
THIS RESULTS IN PRESSURE DROP ABOVE THE WINGS
AND AIR BELOW FORCING UPWARD
THE WINGS ALSO PUSH AIR DOWNWARDS BY ITS SLIGHT TILT
BACKWARDS

DRAG is the force that acts opposite to the direction

of motion and caused by friction and differences in
air pressure

AIR IN MOTION
Why air speeds up?
Ans: When air is squeezed, it speeds up to
maintain constant flow resulting in pressure
drop.
Why pressure drops down?
Ans: Due to transfer of energy from random
molecular motion to stream flow
How does all these create lift?
Ans: Air above the wings speed up than air
below, causing pressure drop, so the air below
exerts upward force on the wings called LIFT

DRAG
WHAT IS FRICTION DRAG?
Friction is the resistance that happens when two
things rub togetherlike air against an airplane.
Friction is partly what causes drag.
AIR "STICKS" TO A WING
Air hasviscosityinternal friction. The air directly
touching the wing stays "attached" to it. The air
"stuck" to the wing rubs against the air just
above it, which in turn rubs against the air just
aboveit, and so on, up to the outer edge of the
boundary layer.

WHY IS PRESSURE SUCH A DRAG?

Air flowing past an object pushes
harder against the front than the
back. This difference creates a
backward force called pressure drag.