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Baitap Pascal
Baitap Pascal
Loi bi mc A
1 1
1
+ +...+
2 3
n
72
B04.
B05.
B06.
B07.
B08.
B09.
B10.
Loi bi mc C
C01. Vit chng trnh nhp cc h s thc ai, i = 0, 1, 2,..., n v s thc x ri tnh gi tr ca a
thc P(x)=anxn+ an-1xn-1+ ... + a1x+ a0
Theo cch tnh ca Horner t c tc tnh nhanh:
P(x)=((((anx+ an-1)x+ an-2... + a1)x+ a0
C02. m s ch trong mt xu k t. Th d chui "Trng hc" c 2 ch.
C03. Nhp mt s t nhin n. Hy lit k cc s nguyn t khng ln hn n.
C04. Nhp mt s c>0 (v d c = 0.0001) ri dng lnh while tnh s theo cng thc:
= 4* (1-
1 1 1
1
+ - +...+(-1)n
)
3 5 7
2n 1
1
c tha mn.
2n 1
C05. Nhp mt s c>0 (v d c = 0.0001) ri dng lnh for tnh s theo cng thc:
= 4* (1-
1 1 1
1
+ - +...+(-1)n
)
3 5 7
2n 1
1
c tha mn.
2n 1
ex = 1+
x
x2
xn
+
+ ... +
1!
2!
n!
xn
| c tha mn.
n!
sin x =
x ( 2 n 1)
x
x3
x5
+
-... +(-1)n ( 2n 1)!
1!
3!
5!
x ( 2 n 1)
| c tha mn.
( 2n 1)!
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2n
x
x2
x4
cos x = 1 +
-... +(-1)n ( 2n)!
2!
4!
x 2n
| c tha mn.
( 2n)!
Cnk =
n!
k!( n k )!
ex = 1+
x
x2
xn
+
+ ... +
1!
2!
n!
xn
| c tha mn.
n!
Nhp mt s thc a ri s dng hm trn tnh ax theo cng thc ax = exlna (bi ny yu
cu vit hm ngoi hm main())
k
D02. Lp bng Cn theo cng thc truy hi sau:
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C n0 = C nn = 1
Cnk = C nk1 + C nk11
Tam gic trn c dng th n (bt u t n=0) cha n+1 phn t (k=0,1,...,n) l cc h s ca
nh thc (a+b)n v c gi l tam gic Pascal.
D03. Cho 2 chui s1 v s2. Hy tm xem chui s1 c cha chui s2 khng v ch r v tr bt u
v v tr kt thc ca chui s2 trong chui s1 nu tm thy.
D04. Cho mt chui gm nhiu t. Hy nhp mt t sau thc hin tm t trong chui v xa
t ny nu tm thy.
D05. Nhp s liu cho dy s thc a0 , a1 ,..., an-1 . Tm 2 s ln nht khc nhau v v tr ca chng
trong dy trn (nu c hai s cng gi tr th ly ch s nh hn). Th d trong dy 1,5,3,4,5
th 2 phn t ln nht l 5 v 4 v cc v tr 1 v 3.
D06. Lp chng trnh tnh tin in cho khch hng gi in tnh theo KW nh sau:
W =w1+w2+w3+w4
in tiu th (KW)
Gi (ng)
w1
0-100
500 / KW
w2
101-150
550/ KW
w3
151 200
600 / KW
w4
> 200
650/ KW
D07. Xy dng chng trnh qun l sinh vin bng mng tnh, s dng cu trc sau:
struct SV {char ten[25]; float toan, ly, tb;};
Nhp danh sch cho n sinh vin (n l s t nhin c nhp vo), ch nhp ten v toan, ly.
Tnh gi tr trng tb =(toan+ly)/2, sau sp xp li danh sch theo im trung bnh tng
dn. Cho hin kt qu trc v sau khi sp xp.
D08. Nhp cc h s ai (i=0,1,2,...,m) ca a thc P(x) bc m (ai l h s ca xi ) v nhp cc
h s bj (j=0,1,2,...,n) ca a thc Q(x) bc n (bj l h s ca xj ). In ra cc h s ca a
thc tng.
D09. Nhp ma trn ch nht cc s thc c cp mxn. Tm phn t ln nht ca mi hng. In mi
phn t tm c trn mt dng (thng tin in ra cng y cng tt).
D10. Nhp s liu cho ma trn A c kiu mxn. Sau tm ma trn chuyn v B c kiu nxm
tha mn bij = aji. Tnh ma trn tch C c kiu mxm ca 2 ma trn A v B.
D11. Nhp s liu cho ma trn A kiu mxn c cc phn t l cc s thc v mt s thc x. Hy
m xem s thc x xut hin bao nhiu ln trong ma trn v ti cc v tr no. Th d kt qu
c th c dng: S ln xut hin ca 2.15 l 3 ti cc v tr (2,4), (3,1), (3,5).
D12. Nhp s liu cho 2 dy s thc a 0 , a1 ,..., am-1 v b0 , b1 ,..., bn-1. Gi s c 2 dy ny
c sp theo th t tng dn. Hy tn dng tnh sp xp ca 2 dy v to dy c 0 , c1 ,..., cm+n1 l hp ca 2 dy trn, sao cho dy ci cng c th t tng dn . (Gi : So snh v loi dn
tng cp phn t ca 2 dy).
D13. Nhp s liu cho ma trn A kiu mxn c cc phn t l cc s thc. Ln lt xt cc phn
t ca dng th nht, tip n dng th 2 v c nh th cho n phn t cui cng. Ngha l
ta xt cc phn t a11, a12 ,..., a1n, a21, a22,..., am1, am2,..., amn. Tm xem trong cch duyt cc
phn t nh trn c 2 phn t lin tip no bng nhau khng. Nu c hy ch r v tr ca cp
phn t u tin tho mn tnh cht ny. (Gi : chuyn sang mng mt chiu vi ch s
k=i*m+j, sau t ch s k xc nh cc ch s i,j).
D14. Xy dng cc thao tc sau cho hai s phc:
1. To lp 2 s phc.
2. Tng, hiu, thng 2 s phc.
D15. Nhp s liu cho dy s thc a 0 , a1 ,..., an-1 v s thc x. Kim tra xem dy a c sp xp
tng dn cha, nu dy sp xp th thc hin tm kim nh phn xem x c xut hin trong
dy khng v nu c th ch ra v tr u tin xut hin x.
Loi bi mc E
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E01. Khi ta son tho vn bn, i khi thay v mt du cch ta li g lin my du cch, hoc g
thm du cch tha hai u chui. Gi s chui ST c cha mt s du cch tha nh vy.
Hy vit chng trnh loi b nhng du cch tha trong v hai u vn bn. Ngha l
sau khi chy chng trnh th khng cn trng hp 2 hoc nhiu du cch lin nhau bn
trong chui v hai u chui khng cn du cch na, v d chui Trn Hng o
s c chuyn thnh Trn Hng o.
E02. Vit chng trnh chuyn mt chui thnh dng proper, ngha l k t sau du cch l k t in
hoa. Th d "Nguyn Vn Tng" l chui dng proper.
E03. Nhp mt chui. Hy xc nh v tr ca t c di ln nht trong chui (t c hiu l
chui khng cha du cch).
E04. Tm ma trn nghch o ca ma trn vung cp n bng phng php kh Gauss-Jordan.
E05. Nhp s liu cho 2 dy s thc a0 , a1 ,..., am-1 v b0 , b1 ,..., bn-1. Hy to dy c0 , c1 ,..., ck-1
l phn chung ca 2 dy trn, ngha l cc phn t ci c mt trong c 2 dy a v b. (Gi :
C nh mt dy, xt tng phn t ca dy kia).
E06. Nhp s liu cho 2 dy s thc a0 , a1 ,..., am-1 v b0 , b1 ,..., bn-1. Hy to dy c0 , c1 ,..., ck-1
sao cho cc phn t ci c mt trong dy a nhng khng xut hin trong dy b. (Gi : C
nh mt dy, xt tng phn t ca dy kia).
E07. Nhp s liu cho dy s thc a 0 , a1 ,..., an-1 . Hy lit k cc phn t xut hin trong dy
ng mt ln.
E08. Nhp s liu cho dy s thc a 0 , a1 ,..., an-1. Hy lit k cc phn t xut hin trong dy
ng 2 ln.
E09. Xy dng chng trnh qun l sinh vin lu trn tp nh phn, s dng cu trc sau:
struct SV {char ten[25]; float toan, ly, tb;};
Nhp danh sch cho n sinh vin (n l s t nhin c nhp vo), ch nhp ten v toan, ly.
Tnh gi tr trng tb =(toan+ly)/2, sau sp xp li danh sch theo im trung bnh tng
dn. Cho hin kt qu trc v sau khi sp xp.
E10. Xy dng chng trnh qun l sinh vin bng mng ng, s dng cu trc sau:
struct SV {char ten[25]; float toan, ly, tb;};
Nhp danh sch cho n sinh vin (n l s t nhin c nhp vo), ch nhp ten v toan, ly.
Tnh gi tr trng tb =(toan+ly)/2, sau sp xp li danh sch theo tn v im trung bnh
tng dn (trong nhng ngi cng tn th ngi c im trung bnh thp hn s ng trc).
Cho hin kt qu trc v sau khi sp xp.
E11. Xy dng chng trnh qun l sinh vin bng mng ng, s dng cu trc sau:
struct SV {char ten[25]; float toan, ly, tb; char XepLoai[20]};
Nhp danh sch cho n sinh vin (n l s t nhin c nhp vo), ch nhp ten v toan, ly.
Tnh gi tr trng tb =(toan+ly)/2, sau tnh gi tr trng xp loi theo cch sau:
XepLoai=kem nu tb<5, = Trung binh nu 5tb<7, = Kha nu 7tb<8 v = Gioi
nu 8tb.
sp xp li danh sch theo trng XepLoai.
E12. Nhp s liu cho dy s thc a0 , a1 ,..., an-1 . In ra mn hnh tn sut (s ln xut hin) ca
cc phn t.
E13. Nhp s n v dy cc s thc a0 , a1 ,..., an-1. Khng i ch cc phn t v khng dng thm
mng s thc no khc (c th dng mng s nguyn nu cn) hy cho hin trn mn hnh dy
trn theo th t tng dn.
E14.To tp tep1.dat v nhp m s nguyn, tp tep2.dat v nhp n s nguyn. Hy vit chng
trnh to tep3.dat cha cc s nguyn trong 2 tp tep1.dat v tep2.dat
E15.Vit chng trnh to mt tp vn bn tep1.txt v nhp mt s dng vn bn sau m s ln
xut hin ca mi k t t A n Z cha trong tp vn bn ny.
u chng trnh c cu hi l " C phn bit ch hoa v ch thng khng?", cc lnh sau
s tu thuc vo cu tr li c hoc khng.
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E16.Trong khi m file mi ghi, nu trn a c sn file cng tn th file trn a s b xa. Hy
vit chng trnh to tp tep1.dat cha cc s nguyn v kim tra sao cho nu tn ti file cng
tn th t cu hi c mun ghi ln khng.
E17.Xy dng chng trnh qun l hc sinh. Mi hc sinh qun l cc thng tin sau:
H tn, Nm sinh, im trung bnh.
Vi cc chc nhng sau:
- Nhp s liu, mi ln c th nhp m hc sinh, m>0
- Xem danh sch: trn mn hnh hoc in ra my in.
- Tm kim :theo tn, theo nm sinh, theo tn v nm sinh.
- Sp xp: theo tn, theo im trung bnh.
- Xa khi bit tn
a. Ci t bng mng ng
b. Ci t bng danh sch lin kt thun
c. Ci t trn tp nh phn
E18. m s k t trong mt tp vn bn.
E19. m tn s xut hin ca cc k t trong mt tp vn bn.
E20. m s cu (kt thc bng du chm) trong mt tp vn bn.
E21. m s dng trong mt tp vn bn.
E22. Dng hm main c i vit chng trnh ni 2 tp vn bn.
E23. Vit chng trnh hin ni dung mt tp vn bn ln mn hnh. Khi tp c nhiu hn 24 dng
th dng li ch nhn phm mi hin tip. Vit di dng trc tip hoc dng hm main() c
i.
E24. Cho mt file vn bn ch cha cc k t 'a', 'b', 'c',.. 'A', 'B', 'C'... Hy chuyn i tt c cc
ch thng thnh ch hoa. Ngha l sau khi chy chng trnh chuyn i file ny ch cha
cc ch in hoa.
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