Lecture-14 on 04/02/2015

By: Rajendra S. Dhaka

(rsdhaka@physics.iitd.ac.in)

PYL100 course:
Electromagnetic Waves and
Quantum Mechanics
Problem solving, discussion of your questions, etc.
EM wave equations/Polarization
Poynting Vector
Phase/group Velocity

NOTE:
In this lecture, I will discuss your doubts. And, just to start
with, I have listed few problems/examples in these slides

Hint:

Lets discuss few examples: Solar Energy

The light from the sun has an intensity, I, of about
1kW/m2.
What would be the total power incident on a roof of
dimensions 8m x 20m?
I = 1kW/m2 is power per unit area.
Power=I A=(103 W/m2) x 8m x 20m
=0.16 MW!!
The solar panel shown in the Figure, has
dimensions of 47in x 29in.
The incident power is then ~880 W.
The actual solar panel delivers 75W
(4.45A at 17V): less than 10% efficiency

EM Spherical Waves
The intensity of a wave is power per unit area..
If one has a point source (spherical wave) of light that
emits isotropically (equally in all directions)
the power emitted by the source pierces a larger and
larger sphere as the wave travels outwards
Intensity of light at distance
r can be written as:

I=

Ps

4r

So the power per unit area,

i.e. Intensity decreases as the
inverse of distance squared.
4

Another example: Radio Transmission

A radio station transmits a 10 kW signal at a frequency of 100
MHz. (We will assume it radiates as a point source).
Q. At a distance of 1km from the antenna, find the amplitude
of the electric and magnetic field strengths, and the energy
incident normally on a square plate of side 10cm in 5min.
Ps
10kW
2
I=
=
=
0
.
8
mW
/
m
4r 2 4 (1km) 2
1
I=
Em2 Em = 2c0 I = 0.775V / m
2c0
Bm = Em / c = 2.58nT
Received
energy:

P U / t
S= =
U = SAt = 2.4 mJ
5
A
A

Problem:

Problem:
An electromagnetic wave of frequency f = 3.0 MHz passes
from vacuum into a non magnetic medium with relative
permittivity 4. Calculate the increment in its wavelength.
Assume that for a non magnetic medium r=1.
the wavelength is decreased by 50 m.

Exercise:

Exercise:

Exercise:

All the best for your exams.