Language Portfolio

Spanish Espaol
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Phonetic and Phonology

Bilabial

Labiodental

Dental

Alveolar

Stop

pb

td

Nasal

Trill

Tap or
Flap

Fricative

Palatal

Velar
kg

Affricate

Lateral
Glide

Postalveolar

http://www.asha.org/uploadedFiles/practice/multicultural/SpanishPhonemicInventory.pdf
https://www.staff.ncl.ac.uk/i.e.mackenzie/phonemes.htm

In Spanish there are 21 phonemes.The most sound are like English example
in bilabial, labiodental, alveolar etc. The interesting thing about Spanish is that it
has gender of noun. Other interesting thing is plural of noun. Noun in Spanish can
have singular and plural form. Plural form of noun normally form by adding s to
the singular form unless the word end in a consonant we put es instead example
soy doctor mean Im a doctor, somos doctores mean we are doctors.

Glottal

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Vowel phoneme Spanish

In Spanish 5 vowels can be identified. It is pretty similar to English but there is

some sound that different. The similar sound in English and Spanish are i to
pronounce this letter is ee and u oo. In Spanish o pronounce oh and u
pronounce oo are the 2 vowel that are rounded

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Morphological
Simple and complex words in Spanish.
In Spanish, it is very similar to English. It has both Simple and Complex.
For simple it has their own meaning and can be by itself. Complex word is a word
that can break down. It has prefix, suffix and infix. It also have a compound word
example rompecabeza = puzzle
rompe=break

cabeza=head

Simple words
Spanish Word
Libro
Gato
Golpear
Nio
Cmodo

Meaning in English
Book
Cat
Kick
Child
Comfortable

Complex words
Spanish Words
Libreria
Gatos
Golpeado
Nios
Incmodo

Meaning in English
Bookstore
Cats
Kicked
Children
Uncomfortable

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Tree diagram
Puzzle

You speak

Hablas
habl
speak

Rompecabeza

-as

Rompe

cabeza

Break

Head

2nd person singular

you marker
Door

Puerta
Puert
Door

-a
Gender marker

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Bound Morpheme
Bound morpheme is a morpheme that come together to form a word. In
Spanish there are a bound morpheme like English example /s/, /do/=(ed), /in/=(un).
Example
Noun + -isimo (masculine) or -isima (feminine) "really Adjective"

Spanish
Mal

English
Mad

Spanish
Malisimo

English
Really mad

Noun + ito/sito (masculine) or ita/site (feminine) = diminuitive Noun (small in

size)

Spanish
Perro

English
Dog

Spanish
Perrito

English
puppy

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Morpheme for (plural) and Allomorph in

Spanish
Yes there is plural morpheme in Spanish. It also can be a allomorph too. For
example the data below s use to present the plural /s/ use when it after is a
consonant phoneme and /es/ is use when it after is a vowel phoneme.

s
s

es

Example:

Spanish
Perro
Flor

English
Dog
Flower

Spanish
(Plural)
Perros
Flores

English(Plural)
Dogs
Flowers

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Lexicon
3 Idioms in Spanish
Idiom
Ser pan comido

Translate
to be bread eaten

Meaning
something is very easy to do

Lo dijo de labios para he said it from the lips

fuera
outwards

person didnt mean what they

said

Se me hace agua la
boca

an item of food or a meal is so

delicious it makes the saliva
flow in a persons mouth

it makes my mouth water

http://www.fluentu.com/spanish/blog/spanish-idioms/

How old is Spanish?

Spanish is an official language in 21 countries. Spanish is more than 2000
years old. Now a day Spanish is the 2nd common language that people use in the
world (the first common language is Chinese). Spanish came from Latin It is a
Romance language, it began when roman empire died.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ACQX5nMl2wQ

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What other language are similar to

your language?
Italian and Portuguese are the languages that are the most similar to Spanish.
Italian pronunciation is close to Spanish. For Portuguese mostly the vocabularies
are similar to Spanish
https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20081110215105AAFP8wO

3 example of loanword
In 711 to 1492 Muslim people of North Africa ruled parts of Spain. 2000
words in Spanish can be traced to the Arabic.

Spanish

Arabic

English Meaning

ajedrez

Almohada

pillow

Azcar

sugar

chess

http://listverse.com/2012/08/29/top-10-spanish-words-of-arabic-origin/
http://www.ctspanish.com/arabic/arabic.html

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Syntax
English

Translate

I eat fish
I eat bread
The boy eats fish
The boy eats bread.
The boy eats bread quickly.
The boy eats bread slowly
The ugly boy eats bread.
The fat boy eats bread.
The ugly boy under the table
eats bread.
The boy under the chair eats
bread.
The boy eats fish at the
restaurant.

Yo como pescado
Yo como pan
El nio come pescado
El nio come pan
El nio come pan rpidamente
El nio come pan lentamente
El nio feo come pan
El nio gordo come pan
El nio feo bajo de la mesa
come pan.
El nio bajo la silla come pan.

PSR
S = NP + VP
VP = V + NP
VP = VP + PP
NP = Det. + N
N = N + adj.
N = N + PP
PP = P + NP
VP = VP + Adv.

English
Translation

I eat fish.
I eat bread.
The boy eats fish.
The boy eats bread.
The boy eats bread quickly.
The boy eats bread slowly
The boy ugly eats bread.
The boy fat eats bread.
The boy ugly under the table
eats bread.
The boy under the chair eats
bread.
El nio come pescado en el The boy eats fish at the
restaurante.
restaurant.

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Paragraph
The phrase structure rules in Spanish are mostly like English. Sentence
includes noun phrase and verb phrase like El nio come pescado (the boy eats fish)
El nio is a noun phrase come pescado is a verb phrase. For the determiner in
Spanish it is different from English. In Spanish there is gender of noun for example
El nio (the boy) la chica ( the girl ). According to the example for male we
used el for the and la for the that use for female. The PSR that is different from
English is the NP = N + adj. in English it is NP = adj. + N. For example El nio feo
come pan translate into English is the boy ugly eats bread but in English is the ugly
boy eats bread.

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Tree diagram
El nio come pescado en el restaurante.
The boy eats fish at the restaurant.

S
NP

Det.

VP

V.

El

Nio

(the)

(boy)

PP

VP

N.

Come

P.

NP
N.

(eats)

NP
Det.

En
(at)

N.

Pescado
(fish)

El
(the)

Restaurante
(restaurant)

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El nio come pescado

The boy eats fish.

S
NP

Det.

El
(the)

VP

N.

Nio
(boy)

V.

Come

NP.

N.

(eats)
Pescado
(fish)

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El nio feo bajo-de la mesa come pan.

The boy ugly under the table eats bread.

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Sociolinguistics
Mexico and Spain

Spanish also called castellano or espaol. Spanish is a language that is

spoken in many countries all around the world. Over 322 million people can
speak Spanish. Some country use Spanish as their main language like Mexico.
The variety with the most speakers is Mexican Spanish. Even though Mexico and
Spain speak the same language but the accent is different and Mexican speaker
pronounce more clearly and tend to speak slower than Spanish people.

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Phonetic Variation
Phonetic Variation is a different sound of the same phoneme. In English for
example little it can pronounce in different sound depends on the people.
According to the table below it show how people in Spain and Mexico say the
word Video

Spain
v-deo

Mexico.
vi-dEo

Phonological Variation
Phonological variation is a different availability of phonemes and
combination. For Spain c before e or i is pronounce like th and for
Mexico z is pronounce like s

Morphological Variation
Morphological Variation is a different uses of morpheme. For eample ish in
English it can be translate in different meaning. In Mexico -ito is a suffix but it
can also mean nice
Mexico "blandito" mean "nice and soft"
"blando" might mean "too soft"
but in Spain ito mean small.

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Syntactical Variation
Syntactical Variation is a difference in grammatical properties and how
word are put together but still have the same meaning. For example in Mexico
compr comida mean I bought food and in Spanish people say he comprado
comida that also mean I bought food. This 2 sentence are different in
grammatical but the meaning is the same.

Mexico
Spain

compr comida

I bought food

he comprado comida

I bought food

Lexical Variation
Lexical variation is different words that have the same meaning . In Spanish there
are many words that have the same meaning. According to the table below
detrs in Spain and atrs de in Mexico mean behind in English. This

is totally a different word but the meaning is the same

Spain
detrs
fuera
ducha

Mexico

atrs de
afuera
bao, regadera

Translate
behind
outside
shower

Reference:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_language
http://spanish.about.com/cs/historyofspanish/f/varieties.htm
http://www.quora.com/What-are-the-differences-between-Mexican-Spanish-and-Spanish-from-Spain
http://www.mexican-spanish.com/mexican-vs-spanish/\
http://forum.wordreference.com/showthread.php?t=193555
http://spanish.stackexchange.com/questions/2/what-are-the-main-differences-between-spanish-in-spain-and-spanish-in-latin-amer