Mr. Abhijeet Khandagale et al.

/ (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES

Vol No. 3, Issue No. 1, 050 - 051

Hybrid Two-Wheelers for Indian Roads

Mr. Abhijeet Khandagale#1, Mr. Shrikant Sangludkar#2
#2
abhijeetkhan@gmail.com, shrikantlare@gmail.com
#1
#2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Operations Engineer,
#1
G.H. Raisoni College of Engineering,
Nagpur, India.
#2
Indorama Synthetic India Ltd.,
Butibori, Nagpur, India

#1

I.

Introduction

IJ

Electric and hybrid revolution is reaching its full

swing now. But it is limited to 4 wheeled vehicles.
Why not introduce the concept of Hybrid 2
Wheelers? More than 70% of the vehicular
population drives on 2 wheelers. Also the front wheel
of these vehicles is always a free wheel which has not
more than a very few functions to perform. Why let
this go to waste when event this wheel can be put to
use! Using a hybrid concept can efficiently reduce the
use of petroleum these vehicles consume. As the
petroleum
prices are
soaring
high
in
the global
market
and even
the
depletion
of natural
resources
threatens
us,
this
concept
can
be
used
in
the existing vehicles which will be in use even in the
future.

There is much little work done in order to utilize

more with the existing 2 wheeler entries in the
market. All the pros and cons are deeply thought of
before presenting this paper. This is Weight
increment, position of various controls for the electric
part to work in conjunction with the ICE, steering,

ISSN: 2230-7818

The following parts are to be upgraded for the

hybrid version of your vehicle 1. Front Hub Motor Wheel,
2. Accelerator Throttle Unit,
3. Motor Controller,
4. Battery and Dynamo Charger.

ES

This paper introduces you to the novice

concept of Hybrid Two-Wheelers. Using this
concept, 2 wheelers can be effectively transformed
to hybrids with an increased fuel efficiency of
30%. Seeing the soaring price of petroleum in the
world market, I decided to come up with a concept
which can be used in the existing vehicles. This
hybrid uses an electric hub motor in the front
wheel.

stabilization, etc. With the concept presented in this

paper, it is possible to get 125% (5%) efficiency in
the existing vehicles with bare minimum additions.

Abstract

The research is still in progress and will be presenting

a prototype soon.
II.

Hub Motors

i.

An Introduction.

The basic advantage with a hub motor

conversion is that, there is no need for external
mounting brackets and drive chains to support a

Hub Motor Rotor

Hub Motor Stator

motor and transmission. Instead all of this is

contained inside the wheel which mounts on your
bike like any other wheel. There are two basic
categories of hub motors: direct drive and geared.
The direct drive hub motor is about as
simple as things get. Imagine taking an electric
motor, but holding the axle and letting the body of the
motor spin. Now lace a bicycle rim onto this spinning
motor body and there you have it, no moving parts
other than the wheel itself.
What is being used here are radial-flux
Brushless DC (BLDC) machines that have an array of
permanent magnets on the inside surface of the hub.
The stator windings are attached to the axle, and the
hub is made to rotate by alternating currents through

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Mr. Abhijeet Khandagale et al. / (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES
Vol No. 3, Issue No. 1, 050 - 051

these windings. In a DC hub motor, the magnets are

on the axle, and the windings are actually spinning on
the inside of the hub. A carbon brush transmits
electricity to the spinning windings via a commutator
plate.

stationary and moving parts. Although brushless

motor technology is more expensive, most are more
efficient and longer-lasting than brushed motor
systems.
As per my findings, the initial phase of driving does
not necessarily need high power output. So the use of
the electric part during the start, low speed and before
and after idling times is the optimum time to save
fuel. Using a simple switch to transfer between the
electric and fuel part this can be achieved.

ES

As thought, a geared hub motor has gearing

inside it to reduce the high speed of a fast and
efficient motor to the low speed of the wheel. From
the outside, a geared hub motor is usually smaller in
radius but wider than a direct drive hub. On the
inside, they can take a variety of different forms
although most frequently they have an outrunner
motor that drives the center of a planetary gear set
linked to the rotor.

The IC engine part is undisturbed in this up gradation.

The parts added have been discussed earlier too. So
during the start of the vehicle, the electric motor gives
the initial momentum to the vehicle, after a certain
predefined speed is reached, the ICE takes over for
higher speeds. Now this transition has to be very
safely calibrated. For the riders needs, a manual
override is also provided if the rider wants to
completely drive on electric or on fuel. Different
gauges are to be provided to observe different factors
for the electric system.

ii. Geared Hub Motors

The geared hub concept takes the weight

advantages of a transmission drive and package it into
the simple looking and easy to install hub motor.
These typically weigh about 50% less than an
equivalently powerful direct drive machine, and they
often have superior torque outputs. The Germanmade Heinzmann for instance can produce up to 80
Newton-meters (N-m) of torque, compared to about
35 N-m for typical direct drive machines.

IJ

*//Although it would be possible to have a geared hub

motors with multiple speeds, as far as I know every
system currently on the market is still just single
speed. There are some people who argue passionately
that E-bikes should have multiple transmission ratios
so that the same 500 watt motor can both haul you
slowly up a 15 degree hill and zip you along on the
flat while always operating around the peak
efficiency zone. But if the market is any indicator, the
increased costs and complexities from multi-speed
drives outweigh their advantages.
iii. Mechanism

The chronology is as follows The master switch

activates the vehicle, which has three modes, namely,
Electric, Hybrid and ICE. The extremes are pure
inputs. In the hybrid section, the electric motor gets
its power from the battery pack, which takes the
vehicle to a specified speed. Till this speed a
noiseless and fuel saving system drives the vehicle.
After this step, when the need of power and speed
increases, the main engine takes over.
This system is eligible to be applied in scooterettes
and even bikes.
III.

The current scenario of the booming prices is getting

the population sick. Having a cheaper solution to this
problem is the key to the future. I hope my ongoing
research proves fruitful.
IV.

Hub motor electromagnetic fields are supplied to the

stationary windings of the motor. The outer part of
the motor follows, or tries to follow, those fields,
turning the wheel to which it is attached. Energy is
transferred to a brushed motor through physical
contact of brushes to the rotating shaft of the motor.
Energy is transferred to a brushless motor
electronically, requiring no physical contact between

ISSN: 2230-7818

The Final Word

References

http://www.electricrider.com/crystalyte/inde
x.htm
http://www.electricrider.com/crystalyte/parts
.htm
http://www.goldenmotor.com/JDbike/ebikep
rod.htm
http://www.goldenmotor.com/batterypack.ht
m
http://www.electricmotorsport.com/store/em
s_ev_parts.php
http://www.ebikes.ca/index.shtml
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Wheel_hub_motor.htm

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