University of Konstanz

Databases & Information Systems Group

Prof. M. H. Scholl / Jens Teubner / Svetlana Vinnik

Information Systems
Assignments
Winter 2003/04

Using the DB2 Command Line Interface

1

Configuring your Environment to Work with DB2

In order to use the DB2 command line interface, you need to extend your shells search path and set some
environment variables. The simplest way to do this is to source the script I provided you. Add this line to
the file .bashrc.username in your home directory.1
source /home/db2/db2user/db2env
The changes become effective after your next login or in newly opened xterms. See if everything is okay
by typing in2
$ :::::
type ::::
db2
db2 is /usr/IBMdb2/V7.1/bin/db2
$

Working With DB2

To start the DB2 command line interface, you type in

$ ::::
db2
(c) Copyright IBM Corporation 1993,2000
Command Line Processor for DB2 SDK 7.1.0
... and some messages more ...
db2 =>
You see the DB2 command prompt, db2 =>. At this command prompt, you can type in SQL queries
and some DB2 specific database commands. Exit the command line interface with
db2 => ::::::::::
terminate
DB20000I The TERMINATE command completed successfully.
$
and you get your Unix shell prompt back.
Unfortunately, the DB2 command prompt is not as convenient as the shell prompt you are used to. Youll
find an alternative way to work with DB2 below, be patient.

2.1

Connecting to the Database

After you started the command line interface (CLI), you have to connect to a database, before you can
execute any SQL queries. The database for this course is called infosys, and you type in
db2 => ::::::::
connect:::
to::::::::::
infosys :::::
user:::::::::::
username
Enter current password for username : (Enter your database password here)
Database Connection Information
1 Instead

of username use your Unix login. If the file does not exist yet, just create it.
not type in the dollar sign ($). I always use the dollar sign to symbolize your shells command prompt. The wavy
:::
underlined parts are always those that you have to type in; the parts printed in regular typewriter font is the answer you receive
::::::::
from the system.
2 Do

Database server
SQL authorization ID
Local database alias

= DB2/LINUX 7.1.0
= USERNAME
= INFOSYS

db2 =>
where username is your Unix login name. You will get your database password in the lecture. As in SQL,
all commands and identifiers are case-insensitive.
Before you end your work with the DB2 database, you have to disconnect from the database:
db2 => :::::::::::
disconnect::::::::::
infosys
DB20000I The SQL DISCONNECT command completed successfully.
db2 =>
After that, you can exit the command line interface with terminate.

2.2

Executing SQL Queries

You can simply type in any SQL queries at the DB2 command prompt as long as you are connected to the
database. There are some DB2 specific things you need to know:
2.2.1

Schemata

In the lecture you saw simple SQL queries like SELECT * FROM Kurs. Real SQL (i. e. the lastest ANSI
standard), however, provides the mechanism of schemata. A schema can be seen as a namespace or (in
Java terms) package. Different tables can exist with the same name in different schemata.
Every table (in fact, every database object), that is not in your current schema, must be specified with
a fully qualified name. A database object is fully qualified by the schema name and a dot in front of the
object identifier, like nobody.kurs. (I put the KursDB database into the nobody schema.)
Example:
SELECT *
FROM nobody.Teilnehmer
WHERE Ort = Ulm
If you know youll be working in a specific schema for a while, you can set your current schema for this
database session with
db2 => :::
set::::::::::
current ::::::::
schema ::
=::::::::::::::
schema-name
From now on, the schema schema-name will be assumed if you do not fully qualify your database objects.
Example:
db2 => :::
set::::::::::
current ::::::::
schema ::
=::::::::
nobody
DB20000I The SQL command completed successfully.
db2 => :::::::
select ::*::::::
from::::::
kurs :::::::
where ::::::
titel:::
= ::::::::::::::::
Datenbanken
KURSNR TITEL
------ -------------------I09
Datenbanken
1 record(s) selected.
db2 =>
2.2.2

Your Own Schema

The current schema after logging in to the database is your personal schema that has the name of your
login name. In your personal schema you also have write access to the database, you can create tables,
insert and manipulate data, etc.

2.3

Statement Termination

Any (SQL) statement is executed as soon as you hit the Enter key. This is pretty convenient for DB2
commands or short SQL queries. The downside is that you cant type in queries that span more than one
line.
If you do not like this behavior, invoke the db2 command with the option -t. Any command now has to
be terminated by a semicolon (;). If you hit the Enter key without the semicolon, youll get a new line on
the DB2 command prompt, like this:
db2 => :::::::
select ::*
db2 (cont.) => :::::
from :::::::::::::::
nobody.kurs;
You may make the option -t by setting the Unix environment variable DB2OPTIONS to -t (e. g. in your
.bashrc.username file).

2.4

Getting Help

All the SQL commands are listed in the DB2 SQL Reference Manual that is available on the course website.
This should be your primary documentation if you have problems concerning SQL.
Additionally there are several DB2 specific commands. These commands allow you to see which tables
exist in the database, get index definitions or other system information. You usually wont need these
commands. If you are curious, there are two ways to get documentation:
1. The DB2 Command Reference Manual is the reference to all these commands. Most of the commands
that are listed there, however, will not be available to you, as they are intended for the database
administrator. Some commands can be executed from the Unix command line, others from within the
DB2 command line interface. You can find the Command Reference Manual on the course website.
2. If you type in a question mark (?) within the command line interface, youll get a list of all DB2
commands. You get specific help for a single command by typing in ? command-name . Dont forget
the space between the question mark and the command you want to have documented.

Working Efficiently with DB2

Working with the command line interface db2 can be tedious; theres no command history or completion,
no syntax hilighting, etc. There are, however, some ways to make life with DB2 easier:
Work with an open editor in parallel. Edit your queries in a file that you have open in your favorite
editor. To execute a query, simply use the copy/paste mechanism of your X11 system. Mark the
query text in your editor and paste it into the command line interface with the middle mouse button.
It is probably convenient to turn on the semicolon as a statement termination character for this (see
above).
State your query on db2s command line. The db2 utility has the ability to keep your database
connection open during its invocations. As long as you havent terminated or disconnected, you
can exit db2 and re-start it again without losing your database connection. To exit the db2 utility
without closing your connection, use the command quit.
If you state database commands on the shell command line when you invoke db2 these commands will
be executed and db2 will quit immediately. The following session log demonstrates this feature.
$ ::::
db2 ::::::::::
"connect:::
to::::::::::
infosys :::::
user:::::::::::
teubner"
Enter current password for teubner:
Database Connection Information
Database server
SQL authorization ID

= DB2/LINUX 7.1.0
= TEUBNER

Local database alias

= INFOSYS

$ ::::
db2 :::::::::
"select ::*::::::
from::::::::::::::
nobody.kurs :::::::
where ::::::::
kursnr ::
= ::::::::
G08"
KURSNR TITEL
------ -------------------G08
Grundlagen I
1 record(s) selected.
$ ::::
db2
(c) Copyright IBM Corporation 1993,2000
Command Line Processor for DB2 SDK 7.1.0
...
db2 => :::::::
select ::::::::::
count(*)::::::
from::::::::::::::
nobody.kurs
1
----------4
1 record(s) selected.
db2 => :::::
quit
DB20000I The QUIT command completed successfully.
$ ::::
db2 :::::::::::::
"disconnect:::::::::::
infosys"
DB20000I The SQL DISCONNECT command completed successfully.
I started db2 here several times, sometimes with a query specified on the command line, once in
interactive mode.
Caution! Be careful with your shells command line expansion! If you do not properly quote your
query (as seen above), you will get strange results. (If you dont understand anything here, read it as
Always put your SQL query into double quotes (") when you specify it on the Unix command line.)
Use the db2batch utility. Theres a second utility from IBM, called db2batch. Intended to measure
runtime statistics, you can execute a whole file with SQL queries in batch mode. In your query file,
separate your queries with semicolons; comments start with two minus signs (--). See the DB2
Command Reference Manual or invoke db2batch with the option -h to see the options available for
the db2batch program.