xii

Contents

17.10
17.11
17.12
17.13
17.14
17.15
17.16
17.17

Delay claims
Estimating delay costs
Quotations from a contractor for undertaking variations
Time limits and interest payable on late payments
Adjudication
Alternative dispute resolution
Arbitration
Minimizing claims and disputes

217
218
219
220
221
222
223
223

18 Earthworks and pipelines

18.1 Excavating and earth-placing machinery
18.2 Controlling excavation
18.3 Haulage of excavated material
18.4 Placing and compacting fill
18.5 Watching fill quality
18.6 Site roads
18.7 Trenching for pipelines
18.8 Thrust blocks and testing pipelines
18.9 Handling and jointing large pipes and fittings

225
225
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234

19 Site concreting and reinforcement

19.1 Development of concrete practice
19.2 Standards for concrete quality
19.3 Practical compliance with concrete standards
19.4 Grading of aggregates and their suitable mixing
19.5 Workability of concrete and admixtures
19.6 Practical points in producing good concrete
19.7 Some causes of unsatisfactory concrete test results
19.8 Site checks on concrete quality
19.9 Conveyance and placing of concrete
19.10 Construction and other joints
19.11 Concrete finish problems
19.12 Handling and fixing steel reinforcement
References

236
236
238
240
242
243
245
247
248
250
251
252
253
256

Index

257