g]kfnL /+ud~rdf b]lvPsf t/+ux?

k|sfz cfrfo{
k[i7e"ld
ljZjk|l; gf6ssf/ ;]S;lko/n] eg]sf 5g\ . k[YjL Pp6f d~r xf] .
xfdL /+usdL{ eP/ cfcfgf] e"ldsf lgefO/x]sf 5f}+ . af:tljs
hLjgsf] sfnv08df km/s km/s e"ldsf u/L/x]sf] x'G5g\ . sltko
cj:yfdf Ps} JolQmn] klg leGg leGg d"ldsfdf k|:t't x'G5g\ . h:t}
Pp6} k'?ifnfO{ lhjgsf] laleGg ;dodf 5f]/f, bfh', efO{, >Ldfg\,
HjfO{, afa' / Pp6} dlxnfnfO{ 5f]/L, lbbL, alxgL, cfdf, >Ldlt,
a'xf/L h:tf km/s d"lesfdf kfpF5f}+ . ;fy} ;dfhdf Jofkf/L, g]tf,
u[x0fL, xflsd, sfl/Gbf, dHfb'/, dflns, lzIfs, s[ifs, ;dfh;]jL, k|x/L,
rf]/, km6fxf cfbLsf] e"ldsfdf x'G5g\ . ;f]xL cg';f/ OHht, ;Ddfg,
k'/:sf/, lt/:sf/, 3[0ff cflb kfO/x]sf] x'G5f}+ eg] /+ud~rdf o:t}
o:t} ;dfhsf JolQmTjx?sf] :jefj / lbgrof{nfO{ clegodf ptf/]/ /
+usdL{x?n] jfxjfxO{ sdfO{/x]sf] x'G5g\ . o;/L k|:t't x'g] /
+ud~rsf k|:t'tLx?n] ;dfhdf ;sf/fTds ;f]r Nofpg], kl/jt{gsf] jfxs,
lzIff / 1fg k|jflxt ul//x]sf] x'G5 . o;sf ;fy} bz{sx?nfO{ e/k'/
dgf]/Ghg klg k|bfg ul//x]sf x'G5g\ .
P]ltxfl;s ljj]rgf
g]kfnL /+ud~rsf] Oltxf; x]bf{ ljleGg sfndf h:tf] h:tf] ;f+l:s[t,
;fdflhs kl/j]z / /fhg}lts Joj:yf x'GYof] . To;sf] k|rf/ jf u'0fufgdf
jflj/f]wdf ;d]t /+ud~rdf snf k|:t't x'g] u/]sf] kfO{G5 . ls/fTsfn,
lnR5jLsfn, dNnsfnx?df klg tTsflng kl/j]zdf /+ud~rdf snf k|:t't
x'Gy] . k"j{sfndf /+ud~rsf] ljsf;sfnflu xf]; jf cfgf] / kl/jf/sf]
dgf]/~hgsfnflu klg /fhf dxf/fhfx?n] g} ljb]zL snfsfdL{x?
nfO{ leqofPsf] kfOG5 . o;/L gfd lng'kbf{ kbf{ hok|sfz dNn, k|
tfk dNnx?nfO{ lng ;lsG5 . To; jvt ljz]if u/L /fdfo0f, dxfef/t h:tf

wfld{s syfdf cfwf/Lt /x]/ /fhk|f;fb, ljleGg dlGb/ / 8jnLx?df snf k|

bz{g x'g] uy]{ .
sl/j @))) aif{ k'/fgf] /fhf ljqmdz]gsf] kfnfdf ;'?ePsf] x/Ll;L lutL
gf6s xfn;Dd d~rgePsf] k'/fgf] dflgG5 . ;fy} sflt{s gfr klg k'/fgf]
dWo]sf] xf] . cfh ko{Gtklg k|:t't x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . pQmsnfx? ;
+lut tyf afBafbg /;sf] e/k'/ ld>0f kfO{G5 . dNnsfnb]lv g} laz]if
u/L g]jf/L, pb'{ tyf d}lynL efiffdf ;d]t k|:t't x'g] u/]sf] lyof] .
o;sfnflu d'n's aflx/af6 klg snfsf/x? Nofpg] ul/Psf] b]lvG5 . lj=;
+=!()) tfsf wg la/ d'vLof, zlQmaNnj cof{n, kxndfg l;x :jf/, e}of
l;+x uhd]/ / ef}uf]lns ?kdf bflh{lnsf] klg of]ubfg /x]sf] kfOG5
.
cfw'lgs gf6ssf] n]vgdf afns[i0f ;d nufotsf gf6ssf/x?sf]
dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg /x]sf] 5 . ;dn] d'6'sf] Joyf, k|Nxfb h:tf gf6s
n]Vg' ePsf] lyof] . uf]kfn k|;fb l/dfn, dfwj l3ld/], af;' ;zL,
ledlgwL ltjf/L, ljhodNn, OGb| axfb'/ /fO{, uf]laGb axfb'/ dNn,
cle ;'j]bL h:tf gf6ssf/x?n] n]v]sf gf6sx? cfh;Dd klg /+ud~rdf
d~rg e}/x]sf 5g\ . /+usdL{x?sf] s'/f ubf{ kl/lrt cg'xf/x?df k|
Nxfbgfdsf] gf6sdf xl/k|;fb l/dfnn] /f0ffsf] b/jf/df !$ aif{sf]
pd]/df k|Nxfbsf] e"ldsf ug'{ ePsf] lyof] eg] d's'GbOlGb/fdf klg
jxfFsf] e"ldsf /x]sf] lyof] . cfw'lgs /+ud~rsf] Oltxf;df xl/k|;fb
l/dfnsf] of]ubfg pNn]vlgo /x]sf] 5 . o;} u/L xl/ k|;fb
l/dfn, ;'o{dfnf zdf{, z'lgn kf]v/]n, lgzf zdf{ h:tf /+usdL{x?sf]
gfd lng ;lsG5 . /+ud~rsf lgb]{zsx?sf] gfdlng' kbf{ xl/k|;fb
l/dfn, hLt]Gb| dxt clenfifL, xl/x/ zdf{, cz]if dNn / ;'lgn kf]v/]n
h:tf cu|hnfO{ lng ;lsG5 . kl5Nnf] ;dodf cfP/, k|efs/ zdf{, lj/]Gb|
xdfn, vu]Gb| nfld5fg], cg'k a/fn, bofxf /fO{, ;f}uft dNn h:tf
gfdx? cfpF5g\ .
jt{dfg cj:yf
kl5Nnf] ;dodf hgr]tgfd"ns, /f]df~rs, ;fdflhs lje]b, /fhg}lts
:jtGqtfsfnflu cfjfh / ;fdflhs ljs[tL k|lt k6fIf]kx?df s]lGb|t /x]sf

gf6sx? d~rg e}/x]sf] kfpF5f}+ . ef}uf]lns ?kdf ljz]if u/L

/fhwfgL / l56k'6 ?kdf df]km;ndf klg ;8s gf6ss} ?kdf ePklg /
+ud~rsf] ;+:s[lt lelqPsf] kfO{G5 .
cfw'lgs ;dodf cfP/ /+ud~rn] Jofkfl/stf xfF;Ln u/]sf] kfpF5f}+ . /
+ud~rsf] ljsf;df @))& ;fndf /fli6o gfr3/ :yfkgf ePsf] lyof] .
o;}nfO{ ;/sf/sf] k"0f{ :jfldTjsf] ;f+:s[lts ;+:yfgsf] ?kdf
@)@( c;f/ % df ljsf; ul/of] h;n] ;do ;dodf gf6sx?sf] k|ltof]lutf
;d]t u/]/ /+ud~rsf] If]qdf ljz]if of]ubfg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . o:t}
g]kfn k|1f k|lti7fgsf] klg snfsf] ljsf; :yfloTj, k|f]T;fxg / ;+/If0fdf
of]ubfg /xFb} cfPsf] 5 . tyflk o; If]qn] ck]Iff u/] cg'?ksf] k|ult /
k|f]T;fxg kfpg g;s]sf] b]lvG5 .
@)#^ tfsf cz]if dNnaf6 lgb]{lzt d"bf{afbdf p7]sf xftx?
lzif{ssf] gf6s lq=lj= xndf d~rg ePsf]df tTsflng zf;gaf6 k|ltaGw
ul/Psf] lyof] . t/ hf]l;Psf o"jfx?sf] ;+o"Qm hdftaf6 ;j{gfd ;d'xsf]
@)#* d} hGd eO{ ;j{gfd gf6\o ;d"xsf] ?k lng k'Uof] h'g
xfn;Dd klg /+ud~rsf] If]qdf lqmoflzn /x]sf] 5 . nfdf]
;do;Dd ;':tfPsf] /+ud~rsf] ;+:s[tLnfO{ snfsf/ tyf lgb]{zs ;'lgn
kf]v/]n / jxfFsf] ;d'x cf/f]x0fsf] kxndf @)%( sf] a;Gt k~rdL b]lv
u'?s'n gf6s3/ sf] :yfkgf ePsf] lyof] . o; gf6s 3/df k'/fgf tyf gofF
g]kfnL gf6sx?sf ;fy} ljb]zL efiffsf gf6sx?sf] g]kfnL ?kfGt/0f ;d]t
k|:t't ug]{ u/]sf] lyof] . t/ xfn pQm gf6s3/ :yfgfGt/0fsf sf/0f
aGb eP klg u'?s'n ;+rfng ug]{ cf/f]x0f ;d'xn] d08nf gf6s3/ /
cGo lyP6/x?df gf6s d~rg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . u'?s'nn] cgluGtL
snfsf/ tyf lgb]{zsx?sf] hGd u/fpg'sf ;fy} dg{ nfu]sf] /
+ud~rnfO{ ;+/If0f u/]sf] s'/fdf b'O{dt 5}g . xfn sf7df8f}+df
lghL If]qaf6 gf6s 3/ :yfkgf ug]{ af9L g} cfPsf] 5 . d'Vo
gf6s3/x?df ;'gwf/f :yLt sf7df8f}+ dndf cj:yLt lyP6/ dn,
nflhDkf6 pQ/ 9f]sfdf cj:YfLt lyP6/ len]h, alQ;k'tnL uf]7fn]3/uf]ljGb axfb'/ dNnsf] ;+emfgfdf_df cj:yLt lzNkL lyP6/, sflnsf
:yfgdf cj:yLt ;j{gfd gf6\o3/ / cgfdgu/ -l;+xb/jf/ k"Jf{ 9f]sf_
c:yLt d08nf gf6s3/ ;+rfngdf cfPsf 5g\ . ljleGg gf6\o3/x?df

cfgf k|:t'tLx? k|:t't u/L snf k|bz{g ug{ gf6s3/ gePsf cgluGtL
snf ;d'x klg cfkm'nfO{ vfb}{ /+ud~rdf snf k|bz{g ul//x]sf
5g\ .
xfn} d~rg ePsf s]xL gf6sx?sf] ljin]z0f
pkTosf leq ;+rfngdf /x]sf lyP6/ dn, lyP6/ len]h, lzNkL lyP6/,
;j{gfd gf6\o3/ / d08nf gf6\s3/x?n] a9\bf] g]kfn tyf ljb]zL
lkmNdsf] k|efjnfO{ lrb}{ sf7df8f}+sf bz{sx?nfO{ cfkm' lt/
tfGg ;kmn ePsf 5g\ . k';sf] s7\oflu|g] hf8f]df sf7df8f}}sf ;a}
h;f] gf6s3/x?df d~rg ePsf gf6sx? Ps ;ftf b]lv la;lbg ;Dd rNg
;kmn ePsf 5g\ . o;/L k|:t't ePsf ;a} h;f] gf6s x]g]{ bz{sn] km/s
cg'e"lt ug'{sf ;fy} e/k'/ dgf]/~hg lnPsf] ljrf/ JoQm ug]{ u/]sf]
kfO{Psf] 5 . o;} l;nl;nfdf k+lQmsf/n] k|ToIf?kdf x]g]{ cj;/ k|fKt
u/]sf] # gf6ssf] ;+lIfKt ljZn]if0f oxfF ug{ k|of; ul/Psf] 5 .
!=

lyP6/ len]h, pQ/ 9f]sf dfu{, nflhDkf6df /x]sf] gf6\o3/df

k'; !# b]lv @^ ut];Dd ;fFem % ah]af6 vu]Gb| nfld5fg]f/f
lgb]{lzt gf6s kL8f uLt k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm gf6s
6'sL cf6{;\n] k|:t't u/]sf] lyof] . 6'sL cf6{;\ l;g]df lgdf{0f
ug]{ sDkgL ePklg gf6sdf o; ;+:yfsf] klxnf] k|:t'tL xf] eg]
kL8f uLt gf6ssf] gofF ;+:s/0f o; cf6{;\n] k|:t't u/]sf] xf] .
of] gf6s G ;dosf] Ps k|ltlglw kfqsf] ?kdf
bnaxfb'/nfO{ s]Gb| agfP/ lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 . dfcf]jfbL ;z:q
Gsf a]nf bnaxfb'/sf 5f]/f5f]/L, >Ldlt / cfkmGtx?
Dffl/G5g\ . PSnf] bnaxfb'/ zx/ k:5 zx/df afFRgsf nflu ;
+3if{ u5{ . Ps lbg zx/sf] rf]sdf ljb]z hfg lxF8]sf] l76f] e]6
x'G5 . 7L6f]n] bnaxfb'/;Fu cfTdLo Jojxf/ b]vfPkl5
bnaxfb'/n] cfgf] hLjg ;+3if{sf] syf l76f]nfO{ pQm gf6sdf
;'gfpF5 . o;af6 Gdf k/]sfx?sf] kL8fsf] oyf{ytf o; gf6s
x]/L/xFbf cg'e"tL gu/L gx'g] kl/:yLtL >[hgf x'G5 . o; gf6s
u'?s'n n] cfof]hgf u/]sf] cf/f]x0f /fli6o gf6s dxf]T;jdf gf6s

kL8f uLt klxnf] k6s d~rg ePsf] xf] . of] gf6s cGt/fli6o
dxf]T;j @))( df klg k|bz{g eP;s]sf] /x]5 . n]vg tyf lgb]{zg
b'j} vu]Gb| nfld5fg]sf] lyof] . o; gf6s x]g]{sf] dg
bnaxfb'/sf] clegon] slxFg slx s6Ss sf6]s} x'g' k5{ . gf6s
x]/]kl5 xfn} ljb]lz/x]sf o"jfx?sf] tfFtL / ljutsf] Gsf] 3fpsf]
oyf{y cg'e"lt k+lQmsf/n] ;fIfTsf/ u/]sf] lyof] .
@= gf6ssf/ ;Todf]xg hf]zLsf] g]jf/L nf]ssyfdf cfwfl/t ;+uLt gf6s
wf]FRjn]rf k'; # b]lv @! ut] ;Dd uf]7fn] gf6s3/, lzNkL
lyP6/df k|:t't ePsf] lyof] . pQm gf6ssf] g]kfnL cg'jfb /rgf
>]i7 -/]l8of] g]kfnsL g]jf/L ;dfrf/ aflrsf_, ;+uLlts >[hgf
>Llt k|wfg / lgb]{zg >L kz'ktL /fO{n] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .
gf6ssf ;a} h;f] kIf ;an lyP . o;sf snf k|bz{g ug]
{ snfsf/x? /u+d~raf6} vfl/P/ cfpg'ePsf] k|ltefx? x'g' x'G5 .
gf6s d~rgsf] z'?df a]vfgf/fo0f / afnfd}-j]vfgf/fo0fsL sflG5_
>Ldlt ljrsf] g]jf/L njhdf jftf{nfk / g]jf/L ;+:s[lt emNsg]
d~rsf] ;hf6 af6 ;'? x'G5 . gf6sdf a]vfdfgsf] h]7L klsL
5f]/L k'gys'd}nfO{ / cfgL 5f]/L-ofR5'd}_ nfO{ cfdf
-afnfd}_ n] vfGkLg, af]nLrfnL / 3/fo;L sfddf e]befj
k"0f{ Jojxf/ u/]sf] k|i6 b]lvG5 . h'gs'/f >Ldfg\ rfn gkfpg]
kf/faf6 afnfd}n] u/]sL x'G5Lg . pgLx?sf] 3/df kfn]sf]
hfb'oL afv|fn] Tof] Jojxf/ lrQ ga'emL k'gys'd}nfO{ dfof
ug]{ / ld7fld7f vfgf pTkQL u/L lbg] u5]{ . Tof] s'/f rfnkfP/
cfdfn] afv|fsf] anL lbG5] . k'gys'dnfO{ afv|fn] cfgf]
x8\8L nu]/ uf8\g' To;df od/L kmN5 eg]sf]n] p;n] To;} u5]{
. s]xL ;do kl5 pQm ?vdf od/L kmN5 / Tof] p;n] vfG5] .
k'gys'd}n] d';fnfO{ /f]6L lbP/ p;sf] ;'rgfsf] cfwf/df uxgf
e]6\5] / /fIf; cfpg] yfxfkfP/ efU5] . ;f}t]gL 5f]/Ln] uxgf
NofPsf] yfxf kfP/ clt dfofF u/]sf] gf6s u/L uxgf cfkm'n]
lnG5] . cfgL 5f]/LnfO{ klg uxgf lng k7fpFbf d';fnfO{ vfg
gbLPsf]n] d';fn] /fIf; cfpg] s'/f eGb}g / cGtdf afnfd}sL
cfgL 5f]/L ofR5'd}sf] d[To'sf] vj/ sfun] lbG5 . o;/L

cgluGtL /f]rs syfsf /rgfstf{ ;Todf]xg hf]zLn] n]Vg' ePsf] o;

syfdf ;a} snfsf/x?n] wf/fk|jfx clego u/]/ lhjGttf lbg] k|of;
ug'{ ePsf] 5 . nf]e ugf{sf] kmn s:tf] x'G5 ;fy} unt ;f]rsf]
xf/ / ;Tosf] lht x'g] s'/f k|:t't 5 .
#= gf6ssf/ ljho dNnn] @)!% ;fnsf] xf/fxf/Ldf n]Vg' ePsf] gf6s
sf]xL lsg a/jfb xf];\ jt{dfg kl/j]zdf kl/dflht ul/ kf}if !!
b]lv #) ut] ;Dd d08nf gf6s3/df d~rg ePsf] lyof] . pQm
gf6ssf] z+s/ l/hfnn] lgb]{zg ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . ;'gLn
kf]v/]nn] ;'Gb/
-lk|lG;kn_ sf] e"ldsf ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .
o; syf afn dgf]lj1fgdf cfwf/Lt eP/ ag]sf] 5 . h;df d'Vo s]Gb|
w|'a h;sL cfdfn] csf]{ ljjfx u/]sL x'G5] . afa'af6 cfjfzLo
ljBfnodf /flvPsf] afns w|'jdf cfdf gx'g'sf lk8f / ddtfsf] cefjn]
abdf;L ug]{, ;fyLx?nfO{ b'Mv lbg], Psf]xf]/f] eP/ a:g],
pkb|f]xx? ug]{ :jefj x'G5 . /fd|f];+u cWoog ;d]t gug]
{ x'Fbf ;'Gb/ ;/n] p;n] ;fgf]df cfdfsf] cg'xf/ ;d]t gb]v]sf]
x'Fbf ljBfnosL sdnf ld;nfO{ g} cfdf xf] ltdL ;'lw|of} eg] d
cfdf b]vfO{lbG5' eG5g\ . ;/n] cem} kmsfpFb} ltdLn] /fd|
f] ag] cfdfn] klg dfof ug'{ x'G5 / ;fyLx?n] klg dfof ug]
{ nf]e b]vfpF5g\ . w|'j cfdf kfPdf kl/jt{g x'g] arg lbG5 . t/
cljjflxt sdnf ld;nfO{ cfdf d} x'F eg]/ clego ug'{;\ eGg] lk|
lG;knsf] k|:tfj dfGg w]/} ;do nfU5 . cGtdf plg pQm
e"ldsfdf b]lvG5Lg h;sf] k|efj w|jdf ;sf/fTds x'G5 . w|'jsf]
cfgLafgLdf cgf}7f] ;'wf/ b]vf k5{ . w|'jsf] ;fyLefO{;
+usf] ;DaGw, cWoogdf dfq ;'wf/ geP/ Ps lhDd]jf/ JolQmsf]
Jojxf/ ug{ ;d]t ;Ifd x'G5 . t/ cgfof; syfn] csf]{ df]8 lnG5 .
d]/L cfdf ljBfnodf g} x'gx'Fbf]/x]5 a'jf tkfO{n]
dnfO{ eGg' ePg eg]/ w|'jn] p;sf] a'afnfO{ eGbf w|'jsf
afa'n] cfkm'nfO{ 5f8]/ uPsL >Ldlt 5f]/f e]6\g cfO{ /
ljBfnon] lsg e]6\g lbof] eGg] ljifodf kf]v]sf] cfqmf]; / kl5
cfdfsf] clegodf ljBfno lzIfLsfn] b]vfPsf] pbf/tfsf] kmnaf6

5f]/fdf cfPsf] cgk]lIft ;'wf/sf sf/0f nHhf af]wsf ;fy} v'zL

JolQm u5{g . k6s k6s syfn] bz{snfO{ efj's agfpg'sf ;fy}
kfn]sf]
e"ldsfdf
/x]sf]
3gZofdsf]
e"ldsfn]
bz{snfO{ xfF;f] /f]Sg d'lZsn k5{ . sdnf ld; cljjflxt ePklg
w|'j k|ltsf] efjgfTdstfsf] kl/jt{g / w|'jn] klg d]/L cfdf log}
x'g\ eGg] dfg] kZrft w|jn] k9fO ;s]/ :s'n 5f]8\g w]/} sl7gfO
k5{ . sdnf ld; c;nL cfdf geP/ afgL ;'wfg{ ul/Psf] k|of; xf]
eGbf w|jsf] dfofn' /f]bgn] ;a}sf] cfFvf /;fpF5g ;fy} w|'jsf] /
sdnf ld;sf] lj5f]8\n] ;a}sf] d'6'df r:sf nufpF5 . o;/L o;
gf6sdf afn aflnsfdf k|]d, dft[Tjn] kfg]{ k|efj / cleefjssf]
bfloTjnfO{ gf6sdf k|:t't ul/g'sf ;fy} ljBfnon] ljBfyL{sf]
dgf]lj1fg a'em\g'kg]{ s'/f ;d]t emNsfPsf] 5 . lgs} klxn]
n]lvPsf] syf eP/klg jt{dfg ;dodf klg cToGt} ;Gble{s b]lvG5
.
gf6s k|aw{gdf v]lng'kg]{ e"ldsf
g]kfnL cfw'lgs /+ud~rsf] Oltxf; vf;} k'/fgf] gePsf] / o;sf] ahf/
lj:tf/ x'g g;s]sf] cj:yfdf lj:tf/} a9\gnfu]sf] o;If]qnfO{ ;DaGwLt
;a} If]qaf6 ;+/If0f, ;Daw{g / ljsf;sf nflu cem} d]xgt
ug'{ cfjZos /x]sf] 5 . ljz]if ul/ ;/sf/ / ;/sf/af6 snf ;+:s[tL If]qsf]
x]g]{ ljefu tyf k|lti7fgn] o;sfnfuL cfjZos k"jf{wf/, cfjZos gLlt
lgodsf] Joj:yf ug{' kg]{ b]lvG5 . kl5Nnf] ;dodf dl/;s]sf] /
+ud~rsf] ;+:s[tL k'gM lapFem]sf] cj:yfdf km]/L dg{ glbg s]
s:tf pkfo ckgfpg' k5{ ;f] sf] klxrfg u/L Jojxf/df ptfg'{ cfjZos
x'G5 . obL o;f] ul/Pg eg] ljutdf s]lx l;g]dfxnx?n] k};f sdfPsf]
b]v]/ ljgf cg'dfg / cWoog v'n]sf cgluGtL l;g]dfxnx? s]xL ;do
kZrftM uf]bfd, kf6L{ Kofn];df kl/jt{g eP jf eTsfOPsf] oyfy{ /
+ud~rdf k"g/fj[tL gxf]nf eGg ;lsGg . ;+rfngdf /x]sf gf6\o3/x?
nfO{ ljsl;t x'gsf nflu ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 ;'ljwf tyf ;x'nLot pknAw
u/fpg' cfjZos x'G5 eg] gf6s3/x?n] klg cfw'gLs dnx?df v'n]sf
l;g]df3/x?df lbOg] ;'ljwf / cfd bz{sdf ljb]zL l;g]df k|lt b]lvPsf]
cfs{if0fsf sf/0f gf6s3/x?n] a]xf]g'{ kg]{ r'gf}ltsf] ;fdgf

ug{ tof/ e} cfkm\gf] k|rf/ k|;f/ ug'{ ckl/xfo{ b]lvG5 . h;sf nflu
df}lnstf, snfTdstf, /rgfTdstf, ;do ;fk]If cfw'lgstf, e/k'/
dgf]/~hg / k|of]u x'g] ;fdu|L tyf k|fljlwdf u'0f:tl/otfdf ;'wf/ u/L
s8f k|lt:kwf{df cf]n{g' cfhsf] dfu /x]sf] b]lvG5 .
To:t} /+ud~rdf cfpg rfxg] gf6ssf/, lgb]{zs tyf snfsf/x?sf]nflu
k|f]T;fxg ug{ cWoog, k|lzIf0f tyf tflnd lbg] lgsfosf] tTsfn
cfjZostf b]lvG+5 . /+usdL{sf] vf]h, pTkfbg / ;+/If0fsf nflu
b]z}e/L ;do ;dodf cleofg ;+rfng / k|lt:kwf{ u/fpg' k5{ h;af6
s'gf s'gfdf n's]/ /x]sf k|ltefx?n] kmNg] km'Ng] df}sf kfpg]
5g\ .
o; k]zfnfO{ dof{lbt / lhljsf]kfh{g ug{ ;Sg] agfpFb} :t/Lotfdf
a[l ug{;s] snfsf] ;+/If0f x'g' sf ;fy} of] Pp6f k]zfsf] ?kdf ljsf;
x'g] b]lvG5 . o; k]zfdf nfUg] /+usdL{nfO{ cfslif{t
ug{ snfsf/sf] ljdf, :jf:Yo pkrf/ ;'ljwf, ljb]z e|d0f tyf tflndsf]
Joj:yf / pTs[i6 JolQmTjx?nfO{ k'/:sf/sf] Joj:yf ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6
x'g' kg]{ b]lvG5 .
gf6sdfkm{t ljBfnox?n] cfgf ljBfyL{x?nfO{ klg ;do ;fGble{s
1fg / dgf]/~hg lbg kg]{ b]lvG5 o;af6 snfsf] ;+/If0f x'g'sf
;fy} ;fg} pd]/ b]lv o; ljifodf plgx?sf] rfv /xg] / l;Sg] leGg tl/sfsf]
k|of]u x'g ;S5 . cfd hgtfn] klg k/;+:s[ltnfO{ 6]jf k'Ug] u/L
ljb]zL l;g]dfaf6 dfq dgf]/~hg lng'sf] ;f6f] cfkm\g} df6f]sf]
pAhgL cyf{t snf, ;+:s[tL / snfsf/sf] pkhnfO{ dfof ub}{ ;do
;dodf ;fyLefO{, kl/jf/ ;lxt /+ud~rdf d~rg ePsf gf6sx?sf] bz{s
ag]/ dgf]/~hg lnFb} o; If]qnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug'{ x'g]5 eGg]
k+lQmsf/sf] ljrf/ /x]sf] 5 .
cGtdf cfpFbf lbgx?df klg xfn :yfkgf ePsf] gf6s3/x?n] g]kfnL /
+ud~rsf] Oltxf;nfO{ sfod /fVb} lg/Gt/tf lbg ;d;fdlos,
a:t'k/s / ;dfhdf ;sf/fTds k|efj kg]{ syfa:t' x?df snf k|:t't ug{
;s'g\ h;df kfOtfnf /fv]/ ;of}+ snfsf/x?n] cfgf] snf k|:km'6Lt ug]
{ cj;/ k|fKt ub}{ plgx?n] e/k'/ d]xgt ug]{ 5g\ . o;sf nflu ;/sf/L

tj/jf6 /+ud~r If]qnfO{ e/k'/ Wofg lbg ;s] cfufdL lbgdf of] If]qsf]
ljsf; / k|a{g u/L cl3a9\g xf};nf / k|f]T;fg ldNg] 5 . ;fy} cfd
bz{sx?n] klg e/k'/ 1fg / dgf]/~hg lng ;Sg] jftfj/0f aGg] 5 eGg]
sfdgf ub{5' .
;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lx?M
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