Switches & Leds

switches
An electrical switch is any device
used to interrupt the flow of
electrons in a circuit. Switches are
essentially binary devices: they are
either completely on ("closed") or
completely off ("open"). There are
many different types of switches..

Toggle switch
Push button switch
DIP switch
Relay switch

Toggle switch
Toggle switches are actuated by a lever
angled in one of two or more positions.
The common light switch used in household
wiring is an example of a toggle switch.
Most toggle switches will come to rest in
any of their lever positions, while others
have an internal spring mechanism
returning the lever to a certain
normalposition, allowing for what is called
"momentary" operation.

Toggle switch

Push button switch

Pushbutton switches are two-position
devices actuated with a button that is
pressed and released.
Most pushbutton switches have an internal
spring mechanism returning the button to
its "out," or "un pressed," position, for
momentary operation.
Some pushbutton switches will latch
alternately on or off with every push of the
button. Other pushbutton switches will stay
in their "in," or "pressed," position until the
button is pulled back out.

Push button switch

DIP switch
DIP(Dual-in line package) switch
packages include several internal
switches and are used extensively in
printed circuit boards.
Figure shows the schematic of a DIP
switch with 4 and 8 internal SPST
switches

DIP switch

Relay switch
Relay is one of the most important
electromechanical devices highly used in
industrial applications specifically in
automation.
A relay is used for electronic to electrical
interfacing i.e. it is used to switch on or off
electrical circuits operating at high AC
voltage using a low DC control voltage.
A relay generally has two parts, a coil
which operates at the rated DC voltage and
a mechanically movable switch.

Relay switch

Basic LED Operations

To understand how a seven-segment display works,
we must review how an LED works.
To Turn an LED ON . . .

The ANODE must be at a

higher voltage potential
(1.5v) than the CATHODE.

The amount of current

flowing through the LED will
determine the brightness of
the LED.

The amount of current is

controlled by a series
resistor. (not shown)

CATHODE ()

(+) ANODE

Current Flow

12

Leds