Research Methodology Resources Qualitative Methodology Introduction to Qualitative Research Creswell, J. (1998). Qualitative inguiry and research design. Choosing among five traditions. Thousand Oaks. CA: Sage. Crotty, M. (1998). The foundations of social research. Meaning and perspective in the research process. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Merriam, S. B., & Associates (2002). Qualitative research in practice Examples for discussion and analysis. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Merriam, S. B. (1998). Qualitative research and case study applications in education. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Schwandt, T. J. (2001). Dictionary of qualitative inquiry (second edition). London: Sage. Quatitative Case Study Hamel, J., Dufour, S., & Fortin, D. (1995). Case study methods. In J. Van Mannen (Series Ed), Qualitative Research Methods: Vol. 32. London: Sage. Lawrence-Lightfoot, 8. & Hoffiman, J. D. (1997). The art and science of portraiture. San Francisco: Jossey Bass, Merriam, 8. B. (1995). What can you tell from and N of 1?: Issues of validity and reliability in qualitative research. PAACE Journal of Lifelong Learning, 4, 51-60. Stake, RE. (1995). The art of case study research. London: Sage. Yin, R. K. (1994), Case study research design and methods. London: Sage. Examples of Qualitative Case Study Lawrence-Lightfoot, S. (2000). Respect’ An exploration. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Books. Narrative Inquiry Atkinson, R. (1998). The life story interview. In J. Van Mannen (Series Ed.), Qualitative Research Methods: Vol. 44. London: Sage. Beverley, J. (2000). Testimonial, subalternity, and authority. In N. K. Denzin, & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research, 2" ed (pp.555-565). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Denzin, N. (1989). Interpretive biography. In J. Van Mannen (Series Ed.), Qualitative Research Methods: Vol. 17. London: Sage. Josselson, R. (1996). Ethics and process in the narrative study of lives. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Josselson, R., & Liblich, A. (1997). The narrative study of lives. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Riessman, C. K. (1993). Narrative analysis. In J. Van Mannen (Series Ed.), Qualitative Research Methods: Vol. 30. London: Sage. Examples of Narrative Inquiry Behar, R (1993). Translated woman: Crossing the border with Esparanza's story. Boston: Beacon Press. Bragg, R. (1997). It's all over but the shoutin'. New York: Random House. Maria Laban [NCLID Researh in the Rockies Susan Hutchinson ‘September. 2006 Univesity of Northen ColeradoSee, L. (1995). On gold mountain. New York: Random House. Auto-ethnography Ellis, C., & Bochner, A. P. (1996). Composing ethnography. Alternative forms of qualitative writing. Lanham, MD: AltaMira. Ethnography ‘Agar, M. (1985). Speaking of ethnography. In J. Van Mannen (Series Ed.), Qualitative Research ‘Methods: Vol. 2. London: Sage. Atkinson, P. (1992). Understanding ethnographic texts, In J. Van Mannen (Series Ed.), Qualitative Research Methods: Vol. 25. London: Sage. Atkinson, P., Coffey, A, Delamont, S., Lofland, J, & Lofland, L, (Eds.). (2001). Handbook of ethnography. London: Sage Erikson, K., & Stull, D. (1997). Doing team ethnography. In J. Van Mannen (Series Ed.), Qualitative Research Methods: Vol. 42. London: Sage. Goetz, J. P., & LeCompte M. D. (1993). Ethnography and qualitative design in educational research (2 Ed.) San Diego: Academic Press. Schensul, J., & LeCompte M. (Series Editors) (1999). Ethnographer’s Too! Kit. Alta Mira Spindler, G. (Ed.) (1982). Doing the ethnography of schooling: Educational anthropology in action. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Stewart, A. (1998). The ethnographic method. In J. Van Mannen (Series Ed.), Qualitative Research ‘Methods: Vol. 46. London: Sage. Tedlock, B. (2000). Ethnography and ethnographic representation. In N. K. Denzin, & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research, 2", ed (pp.455-486). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Examples of Ethnography Howell, J. (1972). Hard living on clay street. Portraits of blue collar families. Prospect Heights, TL: Waveland Press. Nespor, J. (1997). Tangled up in school: Politics, space, bodies, and signs in the educational process. Mahwah, N. J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Wolcott, H. (1984). The man in the principal's office: An ethnography. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press, Grounded Theory Charmaz, K. (2000). Grounded theory: Objectivist and constructivist methods. In N. K. Denzin & Y. 8. Lincoin (Eds.), Handbook of Qualitative Research (2nd ed., pp. 509-535). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Charmez, K. (2005). Grounded theory in the 21st century: Applications for advancing social justice studies. InN. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds), Handbook of Qualitative Research (3rd ed., pp. 507-535). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing grounded theory. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1994). Grounded theory methodology: An overview. InN. K. Denzin & Y. 8. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of Qualitative Research (pp. 273-285). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Mors Ltn [NCLID Resch nthe Rockies ‘Sosan Hatchinson ‘September, 2006 University of Nother ColoradoStrauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Phenomenology Moustakas, C. (1994). Phenomenological research methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Stewart, D., & Mickunas, A. (1990). Exploring phenomenology: A guide to the field and its literature (2™. ed.). Athens: Ohio University Press. Phenomenology Examples Black, L., & Magnuson, S. (2005). Women of spirit. Joumal of Counseling and Development, 83, 337- 342, Magnuson, S., Black, L., & Lahman, M. (2006). The 2000 cohort of new assistant professors of counselor education: Year 3. Counselor Education and Supervision, 45, 163-179. Analysis Coffey, A,, & Atkinson, P. (1996). Making sense of qualitative data. Complementary research strategies. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Heaton, J. (2004). Reworking qualitative data. London: Sage. Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). An expanded sourcebook. Qualitative data analysis, 2". Ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Northcutt N., & McCoy, D. (2004). Interactive qualitative analysis. A systems method for qualitative research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Riessman, C. K. (1993). Narrative analysis. Qualitative research methods series 30. Newbury Park, Ca: Sage Richards, L. (2005). Handling qualitative data. A practical guide. London: Sage. Silverman, D. (2001). Interpreting qualitive data. Methods for analysis tatk, text and interaction. 24 Ed. London: Sage. Writing Qualitative Holliday, A. (2002). Doing and writing qualitative research. London: Sage. Richardson, L. (2000). Writing: A method of inquiry. In N. K. Denzin, & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research, 2", ed (pp.923-948). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Example of Qualitative Writing Wolf, M. (1992). 4 thrice-told tale. feminism, postmodernism, and ethnographic responsibility Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press Practitioner Research (Teacher as Researcher) Hubbard, R. S., & Miller, B. P. (1993). The art of classroom inguity: A handbook for teacher- researchers. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. Hubbard, R.S., & Miller, B. P. (1999). Living the questions: A guide for teacher-researchers. York, MN: Stenhouse. ‘Marin Lauran CLIO Resear inthe Rockies 3 Sesan Hatching ‘September 2005 Univesity of Noster ColoradoQuantitative Methodology Experimental Research Gersten, R., Fuchs, L. 8., Compton, D., Coyne, M., Greenwood, C., & Innocenti, M. S. (2005). Quality indicators for group experimental and quasi-experimental research in special education. Exceptional Children, 71, 149-164. Odom, 8. L., Brantlinger, E., Gersten, R., Homer, R.H., Thompson, B., & Harris, K. R. (2005) Research in special education: Scientific methods and evidence-based practices. Exceptional Children, 71, 137-148. Single Case Research Kratochwill, T.R., & Levin, J.R (Bds.). (1992). Single-case research design and analysis. New directions for psychology and education. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Center, B.A., Skiba, RJ, & Casey, A. (1985). A methodology for the quantitative synthesis of intra~ subject research. The Journal of Special Education 19, 387-400. Eckert, T. L., Ardoin, S. P., Daisey, D. M., & Scarola, M. D. (2000). Empirically evaluating the effectiveness of reading interventions: The use of brief experimental analysis and single case designs. Psychology in the Schools, 37, 463-473 Franklin, R.D., Allison, D.B., & Gorman, B.S. (1996). Design and analysis of single-case research. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Homer, R. H., Carr, E. G., Halle, J., McGee, G., Odom, S., & Wolery, M. (2005). The use of single- ‘subject research to identify evidence-based practice in special education. Exceptional Children, 71, 165-179. Lundervold, D. A., & Belwood, M. F, (2000). The best kept secret in counseling: Single-case (N= 1) experimental designs. Journal of Counseling and Development, 78, 92-102. Parker, Rl, & Brossait, D.F. (2003). Evaluating single-case research data: A comparison of seven statistical methods. Behavior Therapy, 34, 189-211 Scruggs, T.E., & Mastropieri, M.A. (1998). Summarizing single-subject research. Issues and applications. Behavior Modification, 22(3), 221-242 ‘Swanson, H.L., & Sachse-Lee, C. (2000). A meta-analysis of single-subject intervention research for students with LD. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 33(2), 114-136. Survey Research Alreck, P. L., & Settle, R. B. (1995). The survey research handbook: Guidelines and strategies for conducting a survey. Chicago: Irwin Professional Publishing. Couper, M. P., Lepkowski, J. M., Groves, R.M., Singer, E., & Tourangeau, R. (2004). Survey methodology. Hoboken, NI: John Wiley and Sons. Dillman, D. A., (2006). Mail and internet surveys: The tailored design method 2007- Update with new Internet, visual, and mixed-mode guide New York: Wiley. Hutchinson, S. R. Survey Methods. (2004). In K. B, deMarrais and 8. D. Lapan (Eds.), Research methods in the social sciences’ Frameworks for knowing and doing (pp. 283 ~ 301). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers. Kaplowitz, M. D., Hadlock, T.D., & Levine, R., (2004). A comparison of web and mail survey response rates Public Opinion Quarterly 68, 1, 94-101 Kronsik, J. (1999). Survey research. Annual Review of Psychology. 50, 537-567 Mari Laman | [NCLID Research inthe Rookie a Susan Hutchinon September, 2006 Univesity of Norte ColoradoRea, L. M., & Parker, R.A. (2005). Designing and conducting survey research: A comprehensive guide (3' ed). Jossey-Bass. Schroedel, J. G. (1984). Analyzing surveys on deaf adults: Implications for survey research on persons with disabilities. Social Science Medicine, 19, 619-627 Test Adaptation and Translation Church, A. T, (2001). Personality measurement in cross-cultural perspective. Journal of Personality, 69, 979-1006. Geisinger, K.F. (1994). Cross-cultural normative assessment: Translation and adaptation issues influencing the normative interpretation of assessment instruments. Psychological Assessment, 6, 304-312 Hambleton, R. K., & de Jong, J. H. A. L. (2003). Advances in translating and adapting educational and psychological tests. Language Testing, 20, 127-134. Hitchcock, JH., Nastasi, B.K., Dai, D-Y., Newman, J., Jayasena, A., Bernstein-Moore, R., Sarkar, S., & Vargas, K. (2005). Ilustrating a mixed-method approach for validating culturally specific constructs. Journal of School Psychology, 43(3), 259-278. Mixed Quantitative/Qualitative Methodology General Research Methods Creswell, J. (2003). Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Mixed Methodology Bryman, A. (2006). Integrating quantitative and qualitative research: how is it done? Qualitative Research, 6(1), 97 ~ 113. Collins, K. M. T., Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Sutton, I. L. (2006). A model incorporating the rationale and purpose for conducting mixed-methods research in special education and beyond. Learning Disabilities: A Contemporary Journal, 4, 67-100. Creswell, J. (2003), Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. ‘Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Hanson, W. E., Creswell, J. W., Plano Clark, V.L., Petska, K. S., & Creswell, J. D. (2005). Mixed methods research designs in counseling psychology, Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52, 224-235 Johnson, R, B., & Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2004). Mixed methods research: A research paradigm whose time has come. Educational Researcher, 33(7), 14-26 Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Leech, N. L. (2005). Taking the “Q” out of research: Teaching research methodology courses without the divide between quantitative and qualitative paradigms. Quality and Quantity, 39, 267 — 296. Tashakkori, A., & Teddlie, C. (2002). Handbook of mixed methods in social and behavioral research ‘Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Observational Research Emerson, R., Fretz, R., & Shaw, L, (1995). Writing ethnographic field notes. Chicago: University of aria Lahm NCLID Research inthe Rockies 5 Susan Hathinom ‘September, 2006 Univesity of Norther ColaChicago Press. Hintze, J. M. (2005). Psychometrics of direct observation. Schoo! Psychology Review, 34, 507-519, Redmond, S. M. (2002). The use of rating scales with children who have language impairments. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 1, 124-138, Salvia, J. A. (1980). Observer bias: A methodological consideration in special education research, Journal of Special Edueation, 14, 261-270. Research with Minors Borgers, N., Hox, J., & Sikkel, D. (2004). Response effects in surveys on children and adolescents: The effect of number of response options, negative wording and neutral mid-point. Quality & Quantity, 38, 17-33. Borgers, N., Hox, J., & Sikkel, D, (2003). Response quality in survey research with children and adolescents: The effect of labeled response options and vague quantifiers. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 15, 83-94 Fuchs, M. (2002). Children and juveniles as respondents: Experiments on question order, response order, and scale effects. Paper published at the International Conference on Improving Surveys, Denmark Giarelli, E., & Pinto-Martin, J. (2005). Feasibility of obtaining parental consent for special education record review in autism surveillance. Annals of Epidemiology, 15, 658-658 Graue, E., & Walsh, D. (1998). Studying children in context: theories, methods, and ethics Thousands Oaks, CA: Sage. Eder, D., & Fingerson, L. (2002). Interviewing children and adolescents. In J. Gubrium & J Holstein Eds.), Handbook of interview research (pp. 181-201). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Esbensen, F., Deschenes, E. P., Vogel, R. E., West, J., Arboit, K., & Harris, L. (1996). Active parental consent in school-based research: An examination of ethical and methodological issues. Evaluation Review, 20, 731-753 Fine, G. A, & Sandstrom, K. L. (1988). Knowing children: Participant observation with minors. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Holaday, B., Turner-Henson, A., & Swan, J. (1991). Stability of school-age children's survey responses. Image: Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 23, 109-114. Marsh, H. W. (1986). Negative item bias in ratings scales for preadolescent children: A cognitive-developmental phenomenon. Developmental Psychology 22(1), 37-49. Rew, L., Homer, 8. D,, Riesch, L., & Cauvin, R. (2004). Computer-assisted survey interviewing of school-age children. Advances in Nursing Science 27 (2), 129-137 Examples of Research Methodology with Minors Corsaro, W. (1985). Friendship and peer culture in the early years. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing. demarris, Bennett, K. (1998). Mucking around in the mud: Doing ethnography with Yup'ik Eskimo girls. In K. Bennett deMarris (Bd.), Inside Stories Qualitative research reflections (pp. 87-95). Gallas, K. (1998). Sometimes I can be anything: Gender, power, and identity in the classroom. New York: Teachers College Press. Lubeck, S. (1985). Sandbox society: early education in black and white America London; Philadelphia: Falmer Press. Paley, V. (1979). White teacher Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Maria Lahn [NCLID Research inthe Rockies 6 Sup Hutehiason ‘September, 2006 Univesity ef Norham Colorado