Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Entrepreneurship Project: Ice Plant
Entrepreneurship Project: Ice Plant
Ice plant
Page 1
Ice plant
Page 2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We take this opportunity to express our hearty thanks to all
those who individually as well as collectively helped us in the
successful completion of this project.
We are thankful Mihir Mohanty, H.O.D, Department of AE & I
engineering and also thankful to all the faculties of ITER
college For having permitted us to carry out this project and
for their constant advice.
Group members
Regd. No.
1. CHETAN DAS
0601212524
2. SWAPNA SOURAV ROUT
..... 0601212531
3. SARIT KUMAR SI
...
..0601212533
4. JAYANT KUMAR MUDULI
..
0601212514
Ice plant
Page 3
Contents:
1.
INTRODUCTION OF ENTREPRENURSHIP
2.
3.
ENTREPRENEURIAL PHILOSOPHY
4.
EXPECTATIONS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP
5.
CHARACTERISTICS OF ENTREPRENEUR
6.
7.
SUMMARY
8.
PROJECT PROFILE
9.
INTRODUCTION
10.
MARKERPOTENTIAL
11.
TECHNICAL ASPECT
12.
FINANCIAL ASPECT
13.
14.
CAPITAL INVESTMENTS
15.
COST OF PRODUCTION
16.
17.
Ice plant
Page 4
CONCLUSION
19.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
PREFACE
During final semester of B.TECH in AE&I ENGINEERING as a
curriculum assignment has to be taken as an
entrepreneurship project. Our entrepreneurship project is to
establish an ice plant based upon the peripheral market
demand of Bhubaneswar. A complete task of starting from
the concept analysis of project preparation, the entire has
been done under the guidance of our project guide
Er.
B.P.MISHRA.
Our
entrepreneurship
project
is
associated
with
establishment of an ice plant basing upon the market
demand for different purposes. Though Orissa is on the way
of industrialization, emphasizing on establishing a ice plant
unit will be a profitable aspect for entrepreneurs. Same time
this will be helpful for socioeconomic reformation for
economically backward Orissa.
Ice plant
Page 5
INTRODUCTION of
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Do you know that there are millions of unemployed youth in
the country and the time you graduate, this number would
have increased substantially? Do you want to be part of that
group which keeps knocking from pillar to post, checking
with employment exchanges, relatives, friends, and
neighbours and still not able to get a job to their liking and
then settle for a second or third rate job? You can also
choose to be like Mr. Patel of Nirma who was a chemists
assistance and has a Rs. 2500 crore company today. Did you
know that the original Mr. Bata was a cobbler? And now has
stores in more than 30 countries all over the world. Or you
could be like Dhiru bhai Ambani who started life as a clerk in
a French company in Aden. He was not born into a business
Ice plant
Page 6
1-ENTREPRENEUR
An entrepreneur is a person who starts an enterprise. He
searches for change and responds to it. A number of
definitions have been given of an entrepreneur-The
economists view him as a fourth factor of production along
with land, labour and capital. Entrepreneurs are innovators
who come up with new ideas for products, markets or
techniques. To put it very simply an entrepreneur is
someone who perceives opportunity, organizes resources
needed for exploiting that opportunity and exploits it. A
person who takes the initiative in combining land, labour and
capital, the three fundamental factors of production, to
produce a good or service. Computers, mobile phones,
washing machines, ATMs, Credit Cards, Courier Service, and
Ready to eat Foods are all examples of entrepreneurial ideas
that got converted into products or services.
Ice plant
Page 8
2-ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Entrepreneurship can be described as a process of action, an
entrepreneur
undertakes to establish his enterprise. Entrepreneurship is a
creative activity. It is the ability to create and build
something from practically nothing. It is a knack of sensing
opportunity where others see chaos, contradiction and
confusion. Entrepreneurship is the attitude of mind to seek
opportunities, take calculated risks and derive benefits by
setting up a venture. It comprises of numerous activities
involved in conception, creation and running an enterprise.
According to Peter Drucker Entrepreneurship is defined as a
systematic innovation, which consists in the purposeful and
organized search for changes, and it is the systematic
analysis of the opportunities such changes might offer for
economic and social innovation. Entrepreneurship is a
discipline with a knowledge base theory. It is an outcome of
complex socio-economic, psychological, technological, legal
and other factors. It is a dynamic and risky process. It
involves a fusion of capital, technology and human
talent. Entrepreneurship is equally applicable to big and
small businesses, to economic and non-economic activities.
Different entrepreneurs might have some common traits but
all of them will have some different and unique features. If
we just concentrate on the entrepreneurs then there will be
as many models as there are ventures and we will not be
able to predict or plan, how and where, and when these
entrepreneurs will start their ventures. Entrepreneurship is a
process. It is not a combination of some stray incidents. It is
the purposeful and organized search for change, conducted
after
systematic analysis of opportunities in the environment.
Ice plant
Page 9
3-ENTERPRISE
Entrepreneur is a person who starts an enterprise. The
process of creation is called entrepreneurship. The
entrepreneur is the actor and entrepreneurship is the act.
The outcome of the actor and the act is called the
enterprise. An enterprise is the business organization that is
formed and which provides goods and services, creates jobs,
contributes to national income, exports and overall economic
development.
FUNCTIONS OF ENTREPRENEUR
An entrepreneur frequently has to wear many hats. He has
to perceive
Opportunity, plan, organize resources, and oversee
production,
Marketing and liaison with officials. Most importantly he has
to
Innovate and bear risk. The main functions of an
entrepreneur are as
Follows:
Ice plant
Page 10
Ice plant
Page 11
II.
III.
Purchasing inputs
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
Managing finance
IX.
Managing production
X.
XI.
Industrial engineering
XII.
XIII.
new
production
techniques
and
Entrepreneurial philosophy
Ice plant
Page 12
2.
Willingness to accept responsibility for ones own
work.
3.
Failure
experience.
4.
must
accepted
as
learning
are
important
Goal oriented.
5.
Acceptable
perfect results.
6.
be
results
more
than
Personal growth.
Expectations of entrepreneurship
Expectations of entrepreneurship:
It is expected from entrepreneurs that they will help :1.
2.
Increase production.
3.
Increase employment
4.
5.
6.
Economical development
Characteristics of entrepreneur
Ice plant
Page 13
Characteristics of entrepreneur:
1.
Task-result oriented
2.
Risk taker
3.
Leadership
4.
Self confidence
5.
Originality
6.
Future oriented
Ice plant
Page 14
Ice plant
Page 15
2.
Dairy industry
3.
4.
5.
Forging unit
6.
7.
SUMMARY
In recent decades the role of an entrepreneur has been
considered of very great significance in accelerating the
pace of growth and economic development in both the
developed and developing countries. An entrepreneur is a
person who perceives opportunities, organizes the
resources needed to exploit the opportunity and sets up an
enterprise. The process of setting up an enterprise is called
entrepreneurship.
Ice plant
Page 16
PROJECT PROFILE
PRODUCT: ICE PLANT/ICE BLOCK
PRODUCTION CAPACITY
Ice plant
Page 17
Ice plant
Page 18
INTRODUCTION:
Water when made into solid mass by the action of
cooling is known as Ice. It is one of the essential modes for
short term preservation of highly perishable commodities
such as marine foods, fresh meat and poultry products, dairy
products, fruits and vegetables. These goods can be stored
for two to three days with ice which facilitates the
transportation of these foods to the consumer market. Ice is
also used in the chemical, pharmaceutical, canning and
freezing industries. It is being used for chilling synthetic fruit
beverages.
Ammonia Compressors
Condensers / Heat Exchangers
Ammonia Receiver
Cooling Coil / Evaporator
Chilling Tank
Paneling (Electrical Equipments)
Ammonia Compressors:
Ammonia compressors designed with state-ofthe-art technology for industrial & commercial
refrigeration and low temperature applications.
Ammonia Receiver:
Ammonia receiver can control the supply and
demand relation between the condensers and the
evaporator, prevent excessive liquid ammonia from
staying in the condenser, and maintain a certain
level in the liquid receiver to prevent gas from
going into the liquid pipe line.
Chilling Tank:
Chilling Tank consists of three parts:
1) Ice Tank
Ice plant
Page 20
Ice Block:
Commercial sizes of Ice cans vary with the weight of
ice cakes required. The cans are made to contain
about 5% more than their rated capacity to
compensate for thawing.
Dimensions
Gauge
Gauge
Size of
Size of Plain or
Weight
Weight
of Steel,
of Steel,
Ice
Band
Grooved
per
Can
per
Can
Width Length Height
Galv.
Galv.
50
12
28
1.5
Plain
18
25
Ice plant
Page 21
8
8
11
11
11
11.5
11.5
11.5
11
11.5
8
16
22
22
22
22.5
22.5
22.5
22
22.5
31
32
48
49
50
44
46
47
63
57
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
2
2
Plain
Plain
Grooved
Grooved
Grooved
Grooved
Grooved
Grooved
Grooved
Grooved
18
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
14
14
25
36
72
74
75
69
72
73
113
106
14
14
14
14
14
14
12
12
88
90
91
84
88
89
153
146
APPLICATIONS:
Ice Making plants are used in different applications like :
Fisheries
Hospital
Chemical
Pharmaceutical
MARKET POTENTIAL
MARKET POTENTIAL:
Except for upper middle class and rich households who
own refrigerators, there is hardly any households who are
not using ice during summer season in one form or other. It
is also used by the tea stalls, hoteliers, restaurants, clubs
and industrial houses for storage and chilling purpose. In
short, it is being used extensively in all urban areas, small
Ice plant
Page 22
2.
Arrangement of land, selection of machines,
Approval of loan, placement of order for machinery
3 months
3.
4.
and
then
commercial
production
Ice plant
Page 23
TECHNICAL ASPECT
1. Process of Manufacture:
The process of manufacturing Ice is very simple. The
Ammonia or Freon gas coming from the cooling coil at low
temperature and pressure is compressed into liquid and is
passed through the cooling coils fixed in the freezing tank.
Due to the low boiling point of Freon/Ammonia it changes its
state from liquid to vapour and is condensed inside the
condenser.
The tank contains brine of 30% salt. The cold brine is
circulated by agitation to maintain uniform temperature
throughout the tank. The brine temperature is considerably
reduced to 15oF. This takes about 24 hours. After the brine
reaches the operating temperature, the ice cans are filled
with the water and are immersed inside the brine tank in
such a way that the level of the brine remains below the
level of the top of the Ice can. Due to the high freezing point
of water comparing to brine, the water in the can is solidified
at 30oF to form ice. To get solid clear ice, a small quantity of
air is passed into the cans. It takes about 18 hours to freeze
a 50 kg. can, 24 hours to freeze 70 kg. and 48 hours to
freeze 140 kgs.
4. Pollution control:
As this product is manufactured from water there is no
pollution problem involved.
FINANCIAL ASPECT
1. Land: 20,000 sq.ft. @ Rs.175/Sq.ft
32,00,000
Shed
area:
=10,50,000/-
3,000
sq.ft
=
Rs.
350/sq.ft
=80,000/=
Ice plant
Page 25
S.n
o
Description
Qty.
Value
SECTION A :
1.
Kirloskar
make
Ammonia Two
compressor Model KC-3 with
accessories as suction and
discharge and oil pressures
gauges V belts, motors pully
shide
rails
and
foundation
incharge bolts
3,00,000/p
er
80,000/per
25,000/per
4.
10,000/-
5.
2,00,000/-
2.
3.
=
6,00,000/-
=
1,60,000/-
=
50,000/-
Ice plant
Page 26
SECTION B :
6.
Ammonia receivers:
One
50,000
One
1,40,000
One
25,000
Cooling coils:
Refrigeration Trunk or V type
cooling coil made out of 1.1/4.
Tata make C class Black pipe
suitable for the above plant,
complete with accummulator
and inlet and out headers and
valve fittings.
8.
Ice plant
Page 27
Freezing tanks:
Two.
2,50,000
One
50,000
Two.
20,000
12.
50,000
13.
63,000
14.
22,000
11.
Agitators:
14 size Agitator, Vertical type
complete with Belt, Motor pully
and foundation railing will be
supplied by us.
Ice plant
Page 28
50,000
SECTION C :
16.
1,80,000
17.
25,000
18.
60,000
19.
One
lot
Brain
water
of
Hydrometer and thermometer
will be supplied
5,000
20.
One
40,000
lot
Ammonia
gas
Ice plant
Page 29
25,000
22.
60,000
23.
Erection
testing
and
commissioning charges will be
of Rs.80,000/-
24.
1,000
25.
40,000
26.
Ammonia
10,000
27.
2,50,000
TOTAL:
Rs.26,41,0
00
2,63,10
0
2,63,10
0
Total:
Rs.31,67,2
Ice plant
Page 30
PRE-OPERATIVE EXPENDITURE:
Project profile
300
Telephone connection
3000
Travelling expr.
4000
Office Stationery
5000
30,000
500
82,800/-
2000
Ammonia
4000
500
Ice plant
Page 31
B.
6,500/-
UTILITY (P.M.):
Stationery
1000
Telephone
2000
Maintenance
2000
Insurance
5000
Misc. expr.
=
=
D.
2000
12000
S.no.
1)
2)
3)
Designation
Salary
Supervisor
15000
Technical person
12000
Skilled workers
24000
No.
two
two
four
Ice plant
Page 32
four
two
71,000/-
Working
capital
per
month
6,500+2,00,000+12000+71,000=2,89,500/-
CAPITAL INVESTMENT :
Fixed capital
75,80,000
Working capital (one month)
2,89,500
78,69,500/-
Material
=30,000/-
cost
Labor
=8,52,000/-
cost
Ice plant
Page 33
cost
=1,08520/-
Electric
=4,06,250/-
bill
Insurance
=1,44,000/-
and
taxes
= Rs.
= 46,80,000/-
46,80,000 26,84,770
=19,95,230/-
42.63 %
46,80,000
78,90,000
Ice plant
Page 34
= 1,08,520
= 10,00,000
= 3,72,000
= 1,44,000
=16,24,520/-
Variable cost:
Direct cost
=1,44,000
Direct material
=30,000
productive salary
=4,80,000
Electric bill
TOTAL
=4,06,250
=10,60,250/-
Ice plant
Page 35
CONCLUSION
The main reason for planning for establishment of ice
manufacturing firm is because it is highly profitable, it has
lower capital investment.
Therfore, money invested can be recovered quickly and high
profits can be released within a couple of years of setting of
the business.
This project will be successfully implemented within the 3
months after approval of concerned authorities. The
commercial production from the unit may be started within 6
months of approval if everything goes right.
Ice plant
Page 36
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
M/s. Bhubaneswar Ice Factory, Mancheswar
Industrial Estate, BBSR.
2.
M/s.Frick India Ltd.,Poonam Bldg., 5/2 Russel
Street,Calcutta-71.
3.
M/s.Asian Refrigeration, 9/2 Temple Street,
Calcutta-700072.
4.
M/s.Guru Nanak Refrigerators Corpn., 18/30,
St.No.5 New Rohtak Road,New Delhi.
5.
M/s.Refrigeration
Trading
Co.,
At/PONischintakoili,Near Kalyani Talkies, Dt.Cuttack.
1.
Ice plant
Page 37
Ice plant
Page 38