Mch xoay chiu

Dng 1. Bi tp cch to ra dng in xoay chiu:

Bi 1: Mt khung dy c din tch S = 60cm2 quay u vi vn tc 20 vng trong mt giy.
Khung t trong t trng u B = 2.10-2T. Trc quay ca khung vung gc vi cc ng cm
ng t, lc t = 0 php tuyn khung dy c hng ca .
a. Vit biu thc t thng xuyn qua khung dy.
b. Vit biu thc sut in ng cm ng xut hin trong khung dy.
Hng dn:

a. Chu k:

Tn s gc:

1 1

0,05 (s).
no 20

2 no 2 .20 40 (rad/s).

o NBS 1.2.102.60.104 12.105 (Wb)

Vy 12.105 cos 40 t (Wb)
b. Eo o 40 .12.105 1,5.102 (V)
Vy E 1,5.102 sin 40 t (V)

Hay

E 1,5.102 cos 40 t (V)

2

Bi 2: Mt khung dy dn gm N = 100 vng qun ni tip, din tch mi vng dy l S =

60cm2. Khung dy quay u vi tn s 20 vng/s, trong mt t trng u c cm ng t B =
2.10-2T. Trc quay ca khung vung gc vi .
a. Lp biu thc ca sut in ng cm ng tc thi.
b. V th biu din sut in ng cm ng tc thi theo thi gian.
Hng dn:

1
1

0,05 s.
no 20

a. Chu k:

Tn s gc:

2 no 2 20 40 (rad/s)

Bin ca sut in ng:

Eo = NBS = 40 .100.2.10-2.60.10-4 1,5V

r ur

Chn gc thi gian lc n, B 0 0 .

Biu thc ca sut in ng cm ng tc thi:

e Eo sin t 1,5sin 40 t (V)

Hay e Eo cos t 1,5cos 40 t (V).

b. th biu din e theo t l ng hnh

sin:
- Qua gc ta O.
- C chu k T = 0,05s
- Bin Eo = 1,5V.
Bi 3: Mt khung dy dn c N = 100 vng dy qun ni tip, mi vng c din tch S = 50cm 2.
Khung dy c t trong t trng u B = 0,5T. Lc t = 0, vect php tuyn ca khung dy
uu
r

hp vi B gc . Cho khung dy quay u quanh trc (trc i qua tm v song song

3
uu
r
vi mt cnh ca khung) vung gc vi B vi tn s 20 vng/s. Chng t rng trong khung
xut hin sut in ng cm ng e v tm biu thc ca e theo t.
Hng dn:
ur
Khung dy quay u quanh trc vung gc vi cm ng t B th gc hp bi vect php

ur

tuyn n ca khung dy v B thay i t thng qua khung dy bin thin Theo nh lut
cm ng in t, trong khung dy xut hin sut in ng cm ng.

2 no 2 .20 40 (rad/s)

Tn s gc:

Bin ca sut in ng :

Eo NBS 40 .100.0,5.50.104 31,42 (V)

r ur

Chn gc thi gian lc n, B

Biu thc ca sut in ng cm ng tc thi:

e 31,42sin 40 t (V) Hay e 31,42cos 40 t (V)

3
6

-2
Bi 4: Khung dy gm
uu
r N = 250 vng quay u trong t trng u c cm ng t B = 2.10 T.
Vect cm ng t B vung gc vi trc quay ca khung. Din tch ca mi vng dy l S =

400cm2. Bin ca sut in ng cm ng trong khung l Eo 4 (V) 12,56 (V). Chn

ur
gc thi gian (t = 0) lc php tuyn ca khung song song v cng chiu vi B .
a. Vit biu thc ca sut in ng cm ng e theo t.
b. Xc nh gi tr ca sut in ng cm ng thi im t
c. Xc nh thi im sut in ng cm ng c gi tr e

1
s.
40

Eo
6,28 V.
2

Hng dn:
a. Tn s gc :

Eo
4

20 (rad/s)
NBS 250.2.102.400.104

Biu thc ca sut in ng cm ng tc thi:

e 12,56sin 20 t (V) hay e 12,56cos 20 t (V).

2

b. Ti t

c. e

1
1

s th e 12,56sin 20 . 12,56 V
40
40

Eo
6,28 V 6,28 12,56sin 20 t
2
sin20 t 0,5 sin

6 k 2
20 t
5 k 2
6
k
1

120 10 ( s )
t
1 k (s)
24 10
Bi 5: Mt con lc n gm mt dy kim loi nh c u trn I c nh, u di treo qu cu
nh C bng kim loi. Chiu di ca dy l l = 1m.
a. Ko C ra khi v tr cn bng gc o 0,1 rad ri bung cho C dao ng t do. Lp biu
thc tnh gc hp bi dy treo v phng thng ng theo thi gian t.

uu
r
b. Con lc dao ng trong t trng u c B vung gc vi mt phng dao ng ca con lc.
Cho B = 0,5T, chng t gia I v C c mt hiu in th u. Lp biu thc ca u theo thi gian t.
Hng dn:

g
9,8

(rad/s)
l
1
Phng trnh dao ng ca con lc c dng: o sin t
Chn gc thi gian t = 0 lc con lc lch khi v tr cn bng gc o 0,1 rad.
ti t = 0 th o

o o sin sin 1 rad

2

Vy 0,1sin t (rad).
2

ur
b. Con lc dao ng trong t trng u c B vung gc vi mt phng dao ng ca con lc
din tch S ca mt phng dao ng qut bi con lc thay i theo thi gian t t thng
qua din tch S bin thin trong con lc xut hin sut in ng cm ng, suy ra gia hai
a.

Tn s gc:

u I v C ca con lc c mt hiu in th u.

ur

r ur

Do vect php tuyn n ca mt phng dao ng qut bi con lc trng B n, B 0 .

V mch IC h nn biu thc ca u theo t c dng : u e Eo sin t
Vi

ol 2
S
2

( Din tch hnh qut)

Eo NBS NB ol .1.0,5. 0,1.1 0,079 (V)

2
2
Vy u e 0,079sin t (V).
2

Dng 2: Vit biu thc ca u v i

Bi 1:Mch in xoay chiu gm mt in tr thun R = 40, mt cun thun cm c h s t

0,8
2.104
cm L
H v mt t in c in dung C
F mc ni tip. Bit rng dng in

qua mch c dng i 3cos100 t (A).

a. Tnh cm khng ca cun cm, dung khng ca t in v tng tr ton mch.
b. Vit biu thc in p tc thi gia hai u in tr, gia hai u cun cm, gia hai u t
in, gia hai u mch in.
Hng dn:
a. Cm khng:

Z L L 100 .

0,8
80

Dung khng:

Tng tr:

ZC

1
50
2.104
100 .

Z R 2 Z L Z C 402 80 50 50
2

b. V uR cng pha vi i nn : u R U oR cos100 t

vi UoR = IoR = 3.40 = 120V
Vy u 120cos100 t (V).
V uL nhanh pha hn i gc

nn: u L U oL cos 100 t

2
2

Vi UoL = IoZL = 3.80 = 240V

Vy u L 240cos 100 t

V uC chm pha hn i gc

(V).

nn: uC U oC cos 100 t

2
2

Vi UoC = IoZC = 3.50 = 150V

Vy uC 150cos 100 t (V).

p dng cng thc: tan

Z L Z C 80 50 3

R
40
4

37o

37
0,2 (rad).
180

biu thc hiu in th tc thi gia hai u mch in:

u U o cos 100 t
Vi Uo= IoZ = 3.50 = 150V

Vy u 150cos 100 t 0,2 (V).

Bi 2: Mt on mch in xoay chiu gm mt in tr thun R = 80, mt cun dy thun
cm c t cm L = 64mH v mt t in c in dung C 40 F mc ni tip.
a. Tnh tng tr ca on mch. Bit tn s ca dng in f = 50Hz.
b. on mch c t vo in p xoay chiu c biu thc u 282cos314t (V). Lp biu
thc cng tc thi ca dng in trong on mch.
Hng dn:
a. Tn s gc: 2 f 2 .50 100 rad/s
Cm khng:

Z L L 100 .64.103 20

Dung khng: Z C
Tng tr: Z

1
1

80
C 100 .40.106

R 2 Z L Z C 802 20 80 100
2

b. Cng dng in cc i:

Io

U o 282

2,82 A
Z 100

lch pha ca hiu in th so vi cng dng in:

tan

Z L Z C 20 80
3

37o
R
80
4

i u 37o

Vy i 2,82cos 314t

37
rad
180

37
(A)
180

1
103
Bi 3:Cho mch in nh hnh v. Bit L
H, C
F
10
4

v n ghi (40V- 40W). t vo 2 im A v N mt hiu in th

u AN 120 2 cos100 t (V). Cc dng c o khng lm nh
hng n mch in.
a. Tm s ch ca cc dng c o.
b. Vit biu thc cng dng in v in p ton mch.

Hng dn:
a. Cm khng: Z L L 100 .

Dung khng:

ZC

1
10
10
1

103
100 .
4

40

U 2m 402

40
in tr ca bng n: R
Pm
40
Tng tr on mch AN: Z AN
S ch ca vn k: U AN

R2 Z C2 402 402 40 2

U oAN 120 2

120 V
2
2

S ch ca ampe k: I A I

U AN
120
3

2,12 A
Z AN 40 2
2

b. Biu thc cng dng in c dng:

i I o cos 100 t i (A)

Ta c : tan AN

ZC
40
1 AN rad
R
40
4

i uAN AN AN
Io I 2

rad
4

3
. 2 3A
2

Vy i 3cos 100 t (A).

Biu thc hiu in th gia hai im A, B c dng:

u AB U o cos 100 t u (V)

Tng tr ca on mch AB:

Z AB R2 Z L Z C 402 10 40 50
2

U o I o Z AB 3.50 150 V
Z L Z C 10 40
3

R
40
4

Ta c: tan AB

u i AB

Vy u AB 150cos 100 t

AB

37
rad
180

37

rad
4 180 20

(V)
20

Bi 4:S mch in c dng nh hnh v, in tr R = 40,

3
103
cun thun cm L
H, t in C
F. in p
10
7
u AF 120cos100 t (V). Hy lp biu thc ca:
a. Cng dng in qua mch.
b. in p hai u mch AB.
Hng dn:
a. Cm khng: Z L L 100 .

Dung khng:

ZC

3
30
10
1

103
100 .
7

Tng tr ca on mch AF: Z AF

Io

Gc lch pha

70

R 2 Z L2 402 302 50

U oAF 120

2,4 A
Z AF
50

AF : tan AF

Z L 30
37

0,75 AF
rad
R 40
180

Ta c:

i uAF AF 0 AF AF
37
(A)
180

Vy i 2,4cos 100 t

b. Tng tr ca ton mch: Z

37
rad
180

402 30 70 40 2
2

U o I o Z 2,4.40 2 96 2 V
Ta c: tan AB

Z L Z C 30 70

1 AB rad
R
40
4

u AB i

37
41

rad
4 180
90

Vy u 96 2 cos 100 t

41
(V)
90

Bi 5: Cho mch in xoay chiu nh hnh v, R = 100, L l t cm ca cun dy thun

104
0.
C
cm,
F,
RA
in
p
3
u AB 50 2 cos100 t (V). Khi K ng hay khi K m, s
ch ca ampe k khng i.
a. Tnh t cm L ca cun dy v s ch khng i ca ampe k.
b. Lp biu thc ca cng dng in tc thi trong mch khi K ng v khi K m.
Hng dn:
a. Theo bi, in p v s ch ampe k khng i khi K ng hay khi K m nn tng
tr Z khi K m v khi K ng bng nhau

Z m Z d R 2 Z L Z C R 2 Z C2
2

Z L Z C Z C2
2

Z L ZC Z C Z L 2Z C
Z L ZC Z C Z L 0 (Loi)

Ta c:

ZC

1
104
100 .
3

173

Z L 2Z C 2.173 346
L

Z L 346

1,1 H
100

S ch ampe k bng cng dng in hiu dng khi K ng:

I A Id

Zd

U
R Z
2

2
C

50
100 173
2

0,25 A

b. Biu thc cng dng in:

- Khi K ng:
lch pha : tan d

Z C 173

3 d rad
R
100
3

Pha ban u ca dng in:

Vy

id u d d

id 0,25 2 cos 100 t (A).

3

- Khi K m:
lch pha: tan m

Z L Z C 346 173

3 m
R
100
3

Pha ban u ca dng in:

Vy

im u m m

im 0,25 2 cos 100 t (A).

3

Bi 6: Cho mch in nh hnh v :

UAN =150V ,UMB =200V. lch pha UAM v UMB l / 2

L
N

Dng in tc thi trong mch l : i=I 0 cos 100t (A) , cun dy thun cm.Hy vit biu thc
UAB
Hng dn:
Ta c : U AN U C U R U AN U C2 U R2 150V

(1)

U MB U L U R U MB U L2 U R2 200V

(2)

U L .U C
1 hay U2R = UL.UC (3)
U R .U R
, U R 120V

V UAN v UMB lch pha nhau / 2 nn tg1 .tg 2 1

T (1),(2),(3) ta c UL=160V

, UC = 90V

U AB U R2 (U L U C ) 2 139V
U L U C
7

0,53rad / s
UR
12
vy uAB = 1392 cos(100t +0,53) V
tg

Bi 7: Cho mch in khng phn nhnh gm R = 1003 , cun dy thun cm L v t in C

=10-4 /2 (F). t vo 2 u mch in mt hiu in th
u = 1002cos 100 t. Bit hiu in th ULC = 50V ,dng in nhanh pha hn hiu in th.Hy
tnh L v vit biu thc cng dng in i trong mch
Hng dn:
1
200
Ta c = 100 rad/s ,U = 100V, Z C
C
2
Hiu in th 2 u in tr thun l: U R U 2 U LC
50 3V

U
UR
0,5 A v Z LC LC 100
R
I
V dng in nhanh pha hn hiu in th,m trn gin Frexnen,dng in c bi din
trn trc honh vy hiu in th c biu din di trc honh ngha l ZL< ZC. Do
Z
ZC-ZL =100ZL =ZC -100 =100 suy ra L L 0,318 H

Z L ZC 1

lch pha gia u v i : tg
R
6
3

vy i 0,5 2cos(100 t )( A)
6
Dng 3: Bi ton bin lun.
Bi 1:(Bin lun theo R). Cho mch in RLC ni tip c L,C khng i mc vo ngun in
xoay chiu c U v khng i, R bin thin, khi in tr nhn cc gi tr R1 v R2 th gc lch
gia in p ton mch v dng in trong mch l 1, 2 ng thi cng sut tiu th trong
mch ln lt l l P1 v P2
a. Chng minh rng: P1 = P2 R1.R2 = (ZL ZC)2 : 1 + 2 = /2
b. Tm R P t gi tr cc i tnh gi tr cc i . Tnh cos v I
cng dng in I

Hng dn:
U2
U2
cos 2
R
a. Ta c P = I2R = Z 2
R (Z L Z C ) 2
U2
(Z Z C ) 2
Khi P1 = P2 ta c
R1 L
R1

R1

U2
( Z Z C ) 2 (*)
R L
R

U2
(Z L Z C ) 2
=
R2
R2

(Z L Z C ) 2
(Z L Z C ) 2
(Z L Z C ) 2
(Z L Z C ) 2
R

= 2
R1 R2 =
R1
R2
R2
R1

R1 R2 = (ZL ZC)2 (

1
1

) R1.R2 = (ZL ZC)2 (1)

R 2 R1

ZL ZC/R1 = R2/ ZL ZC tan1 = 1/tan2 1 + 2 = /2 (2)

b. T (*) ta c P max khi R

(Z L Z C ) 2
min
R

M theo BT Csi ta c: R
Du bng xy ra khi

(Z L Z C ) 2
2 ZL ZC
R

(Z L ZC )2
R=
R = ZL ZC (3)
R

Khi
Pmax = U2/2R = U2/2ZL ZC (4)
V
Cos R/ ZAB = 1/2,
I = U/R 2
Bi 2: Cho mch in RLC ni tip bit L = 2/ (H) C = 125.10-6/ F , R bin thin: uAB =
150cos(100t).
a. Khi P = 90W Tnh R
b. Tm R cng sut tiu th c gi tr cc i , tnh gi tr cc i
Hng dn:
1
a.Ta c: Z L .L = 200 , Z C
= 80
.C
U2
U2
cos

R
Mt khc P = I2R = Z 2
R 2 (Z L Z C ) 2

U2
(Z L Z C ) 2
R
R

150 2
120 2
= 250 R = 160 hoc 90
(200 80) 2 = 90 R
R
R
R

Kt lun Vi R = 160 hoc 90 cng sut tiu th trn mch bng 90W
b. p dng (3) v (4) ta c Pmax khi R =120 v Pmax = 93,75W
Bi 3. Cho mch in RLC ni tip, bit ZL ZC = 60 U = 120V khng i R bin thin
a. Tnh Pmax (s: 120W)
b. Khi R nhn 2 gi tr gp 9/16 ln nhau th cng sut mch nh nhau. Tnh cc gi tr
(s: 45 & 80 )
Bi 4, Cho mch in RLC ni tip, bit U = 120V L = 0,2/ H, C khng i R bin thin
a. Khi R nhn 2 gi tr 18 v 32 th mch cng cng sut tiu th. Tnh ZC
b. Tm R P t gi tr cc i (s: a. 44 , b. 24 )
Bi 5( Cng hng) Cho mch in xoay chiu nh hnh v.
Bit R = 50, L

1
H. t vo hai u on mch mt in p xoay chiu

u 220 2 cos100 t (V). Bit t in C c th thay i c.

a. nh C in p ng pha vi cng dng in.
b. Vit biu thc dng in qua mch.
Bi gii:
a.

u v i ng pha:

0 th trong mch xy ra hin tng cng hng in.

ZL = ZC L

1
C

1
1
104
C 2

L 100 2 . 1
F

b.

Do trong mch xy ra cng hng in nn Zmin = R

Io

U o U o 220 2

4,4 2 (A)
Z min R
50

Pha ban u ca dng in:

i u 0 0 0

Vy i 4,4 2 cos100 t (A).

Bi 6: Cho mch in xoay chiu nh hnh v. Bit R =

2
104
200, L H, C
F. t vo hai u mch in

mt hiu in th xoay chiu u 100cos100 t (V).

a. Tnh s ch ca ampe k.
b. Khi R, L, C khng i s ch ca ampe k ln nht, th tn s dng in phi bng bao
nhiu? Tnh s ch ampe k lc . (Bit rng dy ni v dng c o khng lm nh hng n
mch in).
Bi gii:
a. Cm khng:

Dung khng:

Z L L 100 .
ZC

2
200

104
100 .

100

Tng tr ca mch:

Z R 2 Z L Z C 2002 200 100 100 5

2

Ta c : I o

Uo
100
1

(A)
Z 100 5
5

S ch ca ampe k : I A I

b. Ta c: I

Io
1

0,32 (A)
2
5. 2

U
R 2 Z L ZC

s ch ca ampe k cc i IAmax th Zmin Z L Z C 0

 Z L Z C (cng hng in)

1
2 f .C

2 f .L
f

1
2 LC

2 10
.

S ch ampe k cc i: IAmax = I max

35,35

Hz

U
U
100

0,35 (A)
Z min R
2.200

Bi 7:Trong mt on mch xoay chiu RLC ni tip, h s t cm ca cun dy l L = 0,1H ; t

in c in dung C = 1F, tn s dng in l f = 50Hz.
a. Hi dng in trong on mch sm pha hay tr pha so vi in p hai u on mch ?
b. Cn phi thay t in ni trn bi mt t in c in dung C bng bao nhiu trn on
mch xy ra hin tng cng hng in?
Bi

18:Cho

mch

in

xoay

chiu

u AB 120 2 cos100 t (V) n nh. in tr R =

24, cun thun cm L

1
102
H, t in C1
F,
5
2

vn k c in tr rt ln.
a. Tm tng tr ca mch v s ch ca vn k.
b. Ghp thm vi t in C1 mt t in c in dung C2 sao cho vn k c s ch ln nht. Hy
cho bit cch ghp v tnh C2. Tm s ch ca vn k lc .
Bi gii:

1
20
5
1
1
Z C1

2
Dung khng :
102
C1
100 .
2

a. Cm khng : Z L L 100 .

Tng tr mch: Z

R 2 Z L Z C 242 20 2 30
2

S ch ca vn k: UV U L IZ L
b. Ta c: UV U L IZ L

U AB
120
.Z L
.20 80 V.
Z
30

ZL l hng s, UVmax th Imax ZCt = ZL = 20 > Z C1

phi ghp t in C2 ni tip vi t in C1

Z C Z C1 Z C2 Z C2 Z C Z C1 20 2 18

1
1
102

in dung C2
F
Z C2 100 .18 18
S ch ca vn k lc ny l:

U AB
120.20
.Z L
100 V
R
24
Bi 9:Mch in nh hnh. in p hai u A v B n nh c biu thc u 100 2 cos100 t
UV max U L max I max Z L

(V). Cun cm c t cm L

2,5
, in tr thun Ro = R

= 100, t in c in dung Co. Ngi ta o c h s

cng sut ca mch in l cos 0,8 .
a. Bit in p u sm pha hn dng in i trong mch. Xc nh Co.
b. cng sut tiu th t cc i, ngi ta mc thm mt t in c in dung C 1 vi t in
Co c b t in c in dung C thch hp. Xc nh cch mc v gi tr ca C1.
Bi gii:
a. Cm khng: Z L L 100 .
Theo bi:

cos 0,8
R Ro

R Ro

2,5
250

Z L Z Co

0,8

2
2
2
R Ro 0,64 R Ro Z L Z Co

0,36 R Ro 0,64 Z L ZCo

2

Z L Z Co 0,75 R Ro

V in p u sm pha hn dng in i nn ZL > ZCo

Z L Z Co 0,75 R Ro

Z Co Z L 0,75 R Ro 250 0,75 100 100 100

1
1
10 4
Co

(F)
Z Co 100 .100

b. V P = I2(R+Ro) nn Pmax th Imax Z L Z C ( cng hng in)

Z C Z L 250 , ZCo = 100

Ta c ZC > ZCo C < Co C1 mc ni tip vi Co
1 1
1

C Co C1
Z C Z Co Z C1 Z C1 ZC Z Co 250 100 150
1
1
103
C1

(F)
Z C1 100 .150 15

Dng 4: XC NH CC I LNG IN KHI BIT HAI ON

MCH C IN P CNG PHA, VUNG PHA.
Bi 1: Cho mch i n xoay chiu nh hnh.
R1 = 4, C1

102 , R = 100 , L 1 H ,
F 2

f 50 . Tm i n dung C2, bit rng i n p uAE

v uEB ng pha.
Bi gii:

AE uAE i

V uAE v uEB ng pha nn

EB uEB i

u AE uEB AE EB

tan AE tan EB

Z C1
R1

Z L Z C2
R2

Z C2 100 8

Z C2 Z L Z C1

R2
R1

100
300
4

1
1
104
C2

2 f .Z C2 2 50.300 3
Bi 2:Cho mch in nh hnh v. UAN = 150V, UMB = 200V,
uAN v uMB vung pha vi nhau, cng dng in tc thi
trong mch c biu thc i I o cos100 t (A). Bit cun
dy l thun cm. Hy vit biu thc uAB.

(F)

Bi gii:
Ta c:

U AN U R2 U C2 150 V

(1)

U MB U R2 U L2 200 V

(2)

V uAN v uMB vung pha nhau nn:

MB AN

MB AN
2
2

(Vi

MB 0 , AN 0 )

AN cot AN
2

tan MB tan
tan MB

1
tan MB .tan AN 1
tan AN

U L UC
.
1 U R2 U L .U C
UR UR

(3)

T (1), (2) v (3), ta suy ra :

UL = 160V , UC = 90V, UR = 120V
Ta c : U AB U R2 U L U C 1202 160 90 139 V
2

tan

U L U C 160 90 7

0,53 rad
UR
120
12

Vy u AB 139 2 cos 100 t 0,53 (V)

Bi 3: Hai cun dy (R1, L1) v (R2, L2) mc ni tip vo mng xoay chiu. Tm mi lin h gia
R1, L1, R2, L2 tng tr on mch Z = Z1 + Z2 vi Z1 v Z2 l tng tr ca mi cun dy.
Bi gii:
Ta c:

Z = Z1 + Z2 IoZ = IZ1 + IoZ2

Uo = Uo1 + Uo2

c th cng bin in p, cc thnh phn u1 v u2 phi ng pha.

u1 U o1 cos t 1

(V)

u2 U o2 cos t 2

(V)

u u1 u2 U o cos t
M

Uo = Uo1 + Uo2

1 2

tan 1 tan 2

Z L1

R1

Z L2
R2

L1 L2

R1
R2

L1 R1

L2 R2

Bi 4: Cho vo mch in hnh bn mt dng in xoay

chiu c cng i I o cos100 t (A). Khi uMB v uAN

vung pha nhau, v u MB 100 2 cos 100 t (V).

Hy vit biu thc uAN v tm h s cng sut ca mch MN.

Bi gii:
Do pha ban u ca i bng 0 nn

MB uMB i

0 rad
3
3

Da vo gin vec-t, ta c cc gi tr hiu dng ca UL, UR, UC l:

UR = UMBcosMB 100cos

50 (V)
3

U L U R tan MB

50 tan 50 3 (V)
3

uAN

uMB

MB AN

vung

pha

nhau

AN rad
2
6
tan MB .tan AN 1

uuuu
r
U MB

uur
UL
nn

MB
O
uur
UC

MN

uur
UR

uuuur
U MN
r
I

uuuu
r
U AN

Ta c:

U L U C
U2
502
50
.
1 U C R

(V)
UR UR
U L 50 3
3

U AN

UR

cos AN

Vy biu thc u AN 100

50

cos
6

100
2
U oAN 100
3 (V)
3

cos 100 t (V).

3
6

H s cng sut ton mch:

cos

R UR
UR

2
2
Z U
U R U L UC

50

50
50 50 3
3

3
7

Dng 5: CNG SUT CA ON MCH R, L, C MC NI TIP

Bi 1in p hai u mt on mch l u 120 2 cos 100 t (V), v cng dng

in qua mch l i 3 2 cos 100 t

Bi gii:
Ta c : U

lch pha:

(A). Tnh cng sut on mch.

12

U o 120 2

120 (V)
2
2
Io 3 2

3 (A)
2
2
u i

rad
4 12
3

Vy cng sut ca on mch l:

P UI cos 120.3.cos 180 (W).
3

Bi 2Cho mch in nh hnh v. Cun dy thun cm, c L

104
= 0,159H. T in c in dung C
F. in tr R =

50. in p hai u on mch c biu thc

u AB 100 2 cos 2 ft (V). Tn s dng in thay i. Tm f cng sut ca mch t cc

i v tnh gi tr cc i .
Bi gii:
Cng sut ca mch: P UI cos

U2
R
Z2

V U khng i, R khng i nn Pmax khi Zmin

Ta c Z

2
R 2 Z L Z C , nn Zmin khi ZL = ZC, tc l trong mch c cng

hng in:

2 2
2 LC 1 4 f LC 1

Tn s

1
2 LC

1
104
2 0,519.

70,7

(Hz).

Cng sut cc i ca mch:

Pmax

U2
U2
U 2 1002
2 R 2 R

200 (W).
Z min
R
R
50

104
Bi 3Cho mch nh trn hnh v ca bi 2. T in c in dung C
F. in tr R =

100. in p hai u on mch c biu thc u U 2 cos100 t (V). Cun dy c t

cm L thay i. iu chnh L = Lo th cng sut ca mch cc i v bng 484W.
a. Hy tnh Lo v U.
b. Vit biu thc cng dng in trong mch.
Bi gii:
a. Ta c:

Io
2

cos

R
Z

U2
Suy ra cng sut ca mch: P UI cos 2 R
Z

V U khng i, R khng i nn Pmax khi Zmin

Ta c Z

LoC 1
2

2
R 2 Z L Z C , nn Zmin khi ZL = ZC, tc l trong mch c cng hng in:

Lo

2C

100 .
2

Cng sut cc i ca mch: Pmax

104

1
(H)

U2
R

Pmax .R 484.100 220 (V)

b. V xy ra hin tng cng hng in nn i v u ng pha i = 0

Ta c:

Io

U o 220 2

3,11 (A)
R
100
Vy biu thc i 3,11cos100 t (A).

Bi 4:Cho mch in xoay chiu ni tip R, L, C. Cun dy c L

1
H, t in c in dung C

thay i c. in p gia hai u on mch u 200cos100 t (V). Bit rng khi C =

0,159.10-4F th cng dng in i trong mch nhanh pha hn in p u gia hai u on
mch mt gc

.
4

a. Tm biu thc gi tr tc thi ca i.

b. Tm cng sut P trong mch. Khi cho in dung C tng dn th cng sut P thay i th no?
Bi gii:
a.

Ta c: Z L L 100 .

1
100 ()

ZC
V u nhanh pha hn i mt gc

1
1

200 (V)
C 100 .0,159.104

nn i
4
4

 u i 0

rad
4
4

Z ZC

tan tan L
R ZC Z L
R
4
R 200 100 100
Tng tr: Z

R 2 Z L Z C 1002 100 200 100 2

2

Io

Uo
200

2 (A)
Z 100 2

2 cos 100 t (A)

4

Vy biu thc i

b. Cng sut P = RI2 = 100.12 = 100W

P RI 2

U2
R
Z2

RU 2 .
o hm P theo C:

P'

U 2 .R
1
R ZL
C

2
1
ZL
2
C
C
2 2

1
2
R

L
C

2 RU 2
1
P 0
ZL 0
2
C
C
'

1
1

0,318.10 4
2
F
.L 100 2 1

Pmax
Bng bin thin:

U2
200 W
R

 th P theo C:

Vy: khi C tng t 0 0,318.10-4F th P tng t 0 200W.

Khi C tng t 0,318.10-4F th P gim t 200W 100W.
Bi 5:Cho mch in nh hnh. in p
(V), r = 15, L

u AB 80cos100 t

1
H.
5

a. iu chnh gi tr ca bin tr sao cho dng in hiu dng trong mch l 2A.
Tnh gi tr ca bin tr v in p hiu dng gia hai u cun dy.
b. iu chnh bin tr R:
- Tnh R cho cng sut tiu th trn mch cc i. Tnh Pmax.
- Tnh R cho cng sut tiu th trn R cc i. Tnh PRmax.
Bi gii:
a. Cm khng:

Tng tr Z

1
20
5
U
80
U o
(V)
2
2

Z L L 100 .

U
80

20 2
I 2 2

R r

Z L2 20 2

R 15 202 20 2 R 15 202
R 20 15 5
2

in p hiu dng hai u cun dy:

Ucun dy = I.Zcun dy I r 2 Z L2 2 152 20 2 50 (V)

b. Cng sut tiu th trn ton mch:

PI

R r

U 2 R r

R r

Z L2

Z L2
Pmax khi R r
min
R

U2
Z L2
R r
Rr

p dng bt ng thc C-si vi hai s khng m:

Z L2
2
R r
Rr

Z L2 (hng s)
R r
Rr

Z L2
Z L2
R

Nn
min (du = xy ra) khi R r

R r
Rr

R r Z L R Z L r 20 15 5
Pmax

U2
802

80 W
2 R r 2.2. 5 15

Cng sut tiu th trn R:

U 2 .R

U 2 .R
U2
PR I R
2

2
2
2
2
r 2 Z L2
R

2
Rr

Z
R

L
L
R
2r
R

r 2 Z L2
R

PRmax khi
min
r

Tng t, p dng bt ng thc C-si vi hai s khng m:

R

PRmax

r 2 Z L2
R r 2 Z L2 152 202 25
R
U2
802

40 W
2 R r 2.2.(25 15)

Dng 6: XC NH GI TR CC I CA IN P HIU DNG

KHI THAY I L, HOC C, HOC f.
6.1. Phng php gii chung:
Tm L ULmax:
Phng php dng cng c o hm:
Lp biu thc di dng

U L IZ L

UZ L
R2 Z L ZC

Z C2

U
U

1
1
y
2Z C
1
2
ZL
ZL

ULmax th ymin.
Dng cng c o hm kho st trc tip hm s:

y R 2 Z C2

1
1
2ZC
1
2
ZL
ZL

Phng php dng tam thc bc hai:

Lp biu thc di dng

UZ L

U L IZ L

R2 Z L ZC

t y R Z C
Vi x

Z1

2
L

2Z C

Z C2

U
U

1
1
y
2Z C
1
2
ZL
ZL

1
1 ax 2 bx 1
ZL

1
2
2
, a R Z C , b 2 Z C
ZL

4 ZC2 4 R 2 Z C2 4 R 2

ULmax khi ymin. Tam thc bc hai y t cc tiu khi x

R 2 Z C2

R2
y

,
.
min
ZC
4a R 2 Z C2
U
U R 2 Z C2
U L max
ymin U L max
R
ZL

Phng php gin Fre-nen:

uur
UL

ur
U

r
I

uur
UR

uur
UC

uur
U1

ur

uur uur uur

T gin Fre-nen, ta c: U U R U L U C

b
(v a > 0) hay
2a

uur uur uur

t U1 U R U C ,

vi U1 IZ1 I R 2 Z C2 .

p dng nh l hm s sin, ta c:

UL
U
U sin

UL
sin sin
sin
UR

V U khng i v sin
U1

R
R Z
2

sin t cc i hay sin = 1.

2
C

const nn UL = ULmax khi

U R 2 Z C2
L max
R

Khi sin = 1 , ta c:
2
U1 U C
Z1 Z C
Z12 R 2 Z C2
cos

ZL

U L U1
Z L Z1
ZC
ZC

Khi U

Ch : Nu tm in p cc i hai u cun dy c in tr thun r th lp biu

thc U d

U
v dng o hm, lp bng bin thin tm y min , Udmax v gi tr ca
y

L.
Tm C UCmax:
Lp biu thc di dng:

UZ C

U C IZ C

R2 Z L ZC

Z L2

U
U

1
1
y
2Z L
1
2
ZC
ZC

Tng t nh trn, dng ba phng php: o hm, tam thc bc hai, v gin
Fre-nen gii.
Ta c kt qu: U

C max

R 2 Z L2
v Z C
ZL

U R 2 Z L2

Ch : Nu tm in p cc i hai u on mch nh gm R ni tip C th lp

U
v dng o hm, lp bng bin thin tm ymin.
y

biu thc U RC

Xc nh gi tr cc i ULmax, v UCmax khi tn s f thay i:

Lp biu thc:

U L IZ L

UZ L
1
R L
C

U
1
1
L
1
. 4 R2 2 2 2 1
2
LC
C L
2

U
y

t a

1
1
2 2 L 1
b

,
,
,
c

1
y ax 2 bx c

2
2 2
2
C L
LC

Lp biu thc:

U C IZ C

2 L

1
L2C 2 4 C 2 R 2 2 1
C R L
C

2L
2
2
2
t a L2C 2 , b C R , c 1 , x 2 y ax bx c
C

U
y

Dng tam thc bc hai ca n ph x tm gi tr cc tiu ca y, cui cng c

chung kt qu:

U L max U C max

oL

1
2
C 2 L R2
C

2 LU
R 4 LC R 2C 2
L
2
L
2

R
2
R2 )
,
(vi
iu
kin
1
C
oC
C
L
2

Cc trng hp linh hot s dng cc cng thc hoc v gin Fre-nen gii
ton.
6.2. Bi tp v xc nh gi tr cc i Umax khi thay i L, hoc C, hoc f.
Bi 1Cho mch in nh hnh v. in p gia hai u AB n
nh c biu thc u 200cos100 t (V). Cun dy thun
cm khng c t cm L thay i c, in tr R = 100,
t in c in dung C

104
(F). Xc nh L sao cho in p

o c gia hai im M v B t gi tr cc i, tnh h s cng sut ca mch in khi .

Bi gii:
Cch 1: Phng php o hm
Dung khng:

Ta c:

ZC

104
100 .

U AB Z L

100

U AB
U
AB
2
R 2 Z L ZC
R 2 ZC2 Z12 2ZC Z1 1 y
L
L
1
1
1
2Z C
1 R 2 Z C2 x 2 2Z C .x 1 (vi x
)
2
ZL
ZL
ZL

U MB IZ L

t y R Z C

UMBmax khi ymin.

Kho st hm s y:

y ' 2 R 2 Z C2 x 2Z C

Ta c:

y ' 0 2 R 2 Z C2 x 2 Z C 0 x

ZC
R Z C2
2

Bng bin thin:

ymin khi x

ZC
1
Z
2 C 2
2 hay
R ZC
Z L R ZC
2

R 2 Z C2 1002 1002
ZL

200
ZC
100
Z
200 2
L L
H
100

H s cng sut:

cos

R 2 Z L ZC

100
1002 200 100

Cch 2: Phng php dng tam thc bc hai

ZC

Dung khng:

Ta c:

U MB IZ L

t y R Z C
2

1
104
100 .

U AB Z L

R 2 Z L ZC

Z1

2
L

2Z C

Vi x

100

U AB
U
AB
R 2 ZC2 Z12 2ZC Z1 1 y
L
L

1
1 ax 2 bx 1
ZL

1
2
2
; a R Z C ; b 2 Z C
ZL

UMBmax khi ymin

2
2
V a R Z C > 0 nn tam thc bc hai t cc tiu khi x

b
2a

2
2

hay

1
2Z C
Z

2 C 2
2
2
ZL
2 R ZC R Z C
R 2 Z C2 1002 1002

200
ZC
100
Z
200 2
L L
H
100
ZL

H s cng sut:

cos

R
R 2 Z L ZC

100
1002 200 100

2
2

Cch 3: Phng php dng gin Fre-nen.

ZC

104
100 .
ur uur uur uur
U U UC U L
uur uur uur R
t U1 U R U C
Dung khng:

100

uur
UL

Ta c:

U C IZ C Z C 100

1
UR
IR
R 100

1 rad
4

V 1
1
2
2
tan 1

V U v sin khng i nn ULmax khi sin cc i hay sin = 1

1 1

rad.
2 4 4

r
I

uur
UR
uur
U1

uur
UC

rad
2 4 4
Xt tam gic OPQ v t 1 .
U
U
U
L UL
sin
Theo nh l hm s sin, ta c:
sin sin
sin

ur
U

4
2
Z ZC
Mt khc, ta c: tan L
1 Z L Z C R 100 100 200
R
Z
200 2
L L
H
100
H s cng sut: cos cos

Bi 2 Mch in nh hnh v. Cun dy thun cm c t cm

L = 0,318H, R = 100, t C l t xoay. in p t vo hai u
on mch c biu thc u 200 2 cos100 t (V).
a. Tm C in p gia hai u bn t t gi tr cc i, tnh gi tr cc i .
b. Tm C in p hai u MB t cc i, tnh gi tr cc i .
Bi gii:
a. Tnh C UCmax.
Cm khng : Z L L 100 .0,318 100
Cch 1: Phng php o hm:
Ta c:

UZ C

U C IZ C

t y R Z L
2

U
U

2
R2 Z L ZC
R 2 Z L2 Z12 2Z L Z1 1 y
C
C
1
1
1
2Z L
1 R 2 Z L2 x 2 2 x.Z L 1 (vi x
)
2
ZC
ZC
ZC

UCmax khi ymin.

Kho st hm s: y R Z L x 2 x.Z L 1
2

y ' 2 R 2 Z L2 x 2Z L

y ' 0 2 R 2 Z L2 x 2 Z L 0 x

ZL
R Z L2
2

Bng bin thin:

ymin khi
hay

1
Z
2 L 2
ZC R Z L

ZL
R Z L2
2

R 2 Z L2 1002 1002
ZC

200
ZL
100
1
1
5.105
C

F
Z C 100 .200

U C max

U R 2 Z L2 200 1002 1002

200 2 (V)
R
100

Cch 2: Phng php dng tam thc bc hai.

Ta c:

UZ C

U C IZ C

t y R Z L
2

R2 Z L ZC

Z1

2
C

2Z L

(vi x

Z L2

U
U

1
1
y

2
Z

1
L
Z C2
ZC

1
1 ax 2 bx 1
ZC

1
2
2
; a R Z L ; b 2 Z L )
ZC

UCmax khi ymin. V hm s y c h s gc a > 0, nn y t cc tiu khi

1
Z
b
2 L 2
hay
ZC R Z L
2a
R 2 Z L2 1002 1002
ZC

200
ZL
100

1
1
104
C

(F).
Z C 100 .200 2
U R 2 Z L2 200 1002 1002
U C max

200 2 V
R
100
Cch 3: Phng php dng gin Fre-nen.
ur uur uur uur
Ta c: U U L U R U C
p dng nh l hm s sin, ta c:

uur
UL

uur
U1

U
U
U
C UC
sin
sin sin
sin
UR

V U v sin
U1
hay sin = 1.
Khi sin 1

R
R Z
2

2
L

khng i nn UCmax khi sin cc i

ur
U

uur
UC

uur
UR

r
I
Q

 cos
ZC

U L U1
Z
Z

L 1
U1 U C
Z1 Z C

Z12 R 2 Z L2 1002 1002

200
ZL
ZL
100

1
1
5.105
C

F
Z C 100 .200

U C max

U R 2 Z L2 200 1002 1002

200 2 (V)
R
100

b. Tm C UMbmax. UMBmax = ?
Lp biu thc:

U MB IZ MB

UZ MB
R 2 Z L2 2Z L Z C Z C2

Z L2 2 Z L Z C
Z L2 2 Z L x
1
1
t y
R 2 Z C2
R2 x2

Z L2 2Z L Z C
1
R 2 Z C2

(vi x = ZC)

UMBmax khi ymin.

Kho st hm s y:

y'

2 Z L x 2 x.Z L R 2

x2

y ' 0 x 2 xZ L R 2 0

(*)

2
2
Z

4
R
L
L
Gii phng trnh (*) x Z
(x ly gi tr dng).
C
2
1002 1002 4.1002
ZC
50 1 5 162
2

Lp bng bin thin:

in dung C
Thay x Z
C

1
1

0,197.104 F
Z C 100 .162

Z L Z L2 4 R 2 vo biu thc y
2

U
y

4R2

ymin

U MB max

4 R 2 2Z L2 2Z L Z L2 4 R 2

4R2
Z L2 4 R 2 Z L

U Z L Z L2 4 R 2
200 100 1002 4.1002
U

324 (V)
2R
2.100
ymin

Bi 3Cho mch in xoay chiu nh hnh v. t vo hai u on

mch AB mt in p u AB 100 3 cos t (V) ( thay i c).

1 th UR = 100V ; U C 50 2 V ; P = 50 6 W. Cho
1
L H v
UL > UC. Tnh UL v chng t l gi tr cc i ca UL.

Khi

Bi gii:

Ta c: U 2 U R2 U L U C

Thay cc gi tr ca U, UR, UC ta c:

50 6

1002 U L 50 2

U L 100 2 (V)

Cng sut tiu th ton mch:

P UI cos UI (v 0 ) I
R

P 50 6

1A
U 50 6

U R 100

100
I
1

Z
100 2
1 L
100 2
U L 100 2
rad/s
1
ZL

100 2
L
I
1

1
1
104
U C 50 2

F
ZC

50 2 C
1Z C 100 2.50 2

I
1
Ta c:

U L

U L IZ L

2
1
L
1

1
R2 2 2 2 1
R L
2 2 4
LC
C L
C

1
L
1
2
2
t y 2 2 4 R 2 2 2 1 ax bx 1
LC
C L
L 1
1
1
2
Vi x 2 ; a 2 2 ; b R 2 2
C L

LC

U
y

ULmax khi ymin. Tam thc bc hai y t cc tiu khi x

b
(v a > 0).
2a

4
1
3
4
L L C

b 2 4ac R 4
ymin
U L max

R2
2 4 LC R 2C 2
4a 4 L
U
2UL

ymin R 4 LC C 2 R 2

2.50 6.

1 10 4 104
100 4. .

.1002

100 2 (V)
Vy U L U L max 100 2 (V).
Su Tm v bin son chc cc bn thnh cng