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INFEKSI SALURAN KEMIH Kul
INFEKSI SALURAN KEMIH Kul
INFEKSI SALURAN
KEMIH
Sistem Urogenitale
Terdiri dari:
1. Sistem Uropoetika
2. Sistem genitalis
Organ-organ sistem Uropoitika:
3. Ren/ginjal/Kidney
4. Ureter
5. Vesika urinaria/Kandung kemih/
bladder
4. Urethra
Adrenal glands
produce aldosterone.
renal artery
1. Kidneys produce
urine.
renal vein
aorta
inferior vena cava
2. Ureters transport
urine.
3. Urinary bladder
stores urine.
4. Urethra passes
urine to outside.
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
nephrons
renal artery
renal cortex
renal
cortex
renal vein
collecting duct
renal
medulla
renal pelvis
ureter
d. Nephrons
a. Blood vessels
renal cortex
renal pyramid
in renal medulla
renal pelvis
ureter
renal pyramid
in renal medulla
Mikroskopis unit
fungsional dari ginjal
yang memproduksi
urin
podocyte
glomerulus
and podocytes
proximal
convoluted
tubule
distal
convoluted
tubule
1 m
glomerular capsule
efferent arteriole
afferent
arteriole
renal artery
Renal Cortex
venule
renal vein
Renal Medulla
loop of
the nephron
descending
limb
ascending
limb
peritubular
capillary
network
collecting
duct
glomerular capsule
H2O
Glomerular Filtration
Water, salts, nutrient molecules, and
waste molecules move from the
glomerulus to the inside of the glomerular
capsule. These small molecules are
called the glomerular filtrate.
urea
glucose
amino
acids
uric
acid
salts
proximal
convoluted
tubule
Tubular Reabsorption
Nutrient and salt molecules are actively
reabsorbed from the convoluted tubules
into the peritubular capillary network, and
water flows passively.
glomerulus
efferent
arteriole
Tubular Secretion
Certain molecules (e.g., H+ and
penicillin) are actively secreted from the
peritubular capillary network into the
convoluted tubules.
afferent
arteriole
end of another
distal tubule
renal
artery
distal
convoluted
tubule
renal
vein
venule
collecting
duct
peritubular
capillary
network
loop of the
nephron
H2O
urea
uric acid
salts
NH4+
creatinine
PENDAHULUAN
JALANNYA INFEKSI
Secara Limfogen
Urogen
Hematogen
PATOGENESIS ISK
BAKTERI ISK
E. coli 85%
Klebsiella 6%
Proteus 4 %
Staphyllococcus albus 3%
Obstruksi
Jumlah urin
Sisa urin dalam buli-buli
Higienis perorangan
LABORATORIUM
PENGOBATAN
Dosis
Lama Terapi
2 x 160/800 mg
2 x 100 mg
2 x 100-250 mg
2 x 250 mg
1 x 400 mg
2 x 100 mg
4 x 50 mg
2 x 100 mg
3 hari
3 hari
3 hari
3 hari
3 hari
3 hari
7 hari
7 hari
2 x 500 mg
7 hari
Dosis
Interval
1 gram
400 gram
500 gram
400 gram
3-5 mg/kgBB
1 mg/kgBB
1-2 gram
3,2 gram
3,375 gram
250-500 mg
12 jam
12 jam
24 jam
12 jam
24 jam
8 jam
6 jam
8 jam
2-8 jam
6-8 jam
KOMPLIKASI
Batu saluran kemih,obstruksi saluran kemih,sepsis,infeksi kuman yang
multiresisten,gangguan fungsi ginjal
COTRIMOXAZOLE
Mechanism of action:
pteridine + PABA
Enz. dihydropteroate
synthetase
sulfonamides
dihydrofolic acid
trimethoprim
tetrahydrofolic acid
synthesis of amino acids, purines, and
pyrimidines
21
FLUOROQUINOLONES
MA:
1.Menghambat topoisomerase II (DNA
gyrase =) yang berperan dalam relaksasi
DNA superkoil selama transkripsi
2.Menghambat IV topoisomerase yang berperan
selama pemisahan DNA kromosom yang
baru terbentuk setelah proses replikasi
22
PENICILLINS
Structure:
S
RN
C
C
N
O
COOH
Thiazolidine ring
Betalactam ring
PENICILLINS
Klasifikasi berdasarkan spektrum antibakteri :
1. Natural penicillin: penicillin G, phenoxymethyl-penicillin
2. Aminopenicillin: amoxicillin, ampicillin
(commonly used in UTI, often in combination
with a betalactamase inhibitor)
3. Anti-staphylococcal penicillin: dicloxacillin,
flucloxacillin
4. Anti-pseudomonal penicillin: ticarcillin
5. Ureidopenicillin: piperacillin
24
CEPHALOSPORINS
Examples:
Gen 1: cefazolin, cephradine, cephalexin,
cephadroxil
Gen 2: cefamandole, cefuroxime, cefoxitin
Gen 3: cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime
Gen 4: cefepime
25
CEPHALOSPORINS
Indikasi:
Infeksi saluran pernafasan
Infeksi saluran kemih
Kulit dan jaringan lunak infeksi
nosokomial infeksi
Infeksi intra-abdomen
Bedah profilaksis (Cefazolin)
Gonore (ceftriaxone)
Meningitis karena G (-) patogen (hanya
26
AMINOGLYCOSIDES
Derivatives:
Gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, kanamycin,
streptomycin
27
AMINOGLYCOSIDES
Perhatian:
Orang tua dan pasien dengan insufisiensi
ginjal
Bersamaan pengobatan dengan obat ototoxic
lain (furosemid, asam ethacrinic)
Aminoglikosida tidak diindikasikan untuk
infeksi ringan
28
NITROFURANTOIN
Pharmacokinetics :
baik diserap melalui saluran cerna
metabolisme dan ekskresi sangat cepat
METHENAMINE
TERIMA KASIH