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السلم المنورق Al Sulam Al Munawraq in Logic
السلم المنورق Al Sulam Al Munawraq in Logic
On
The art of logic
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(2) And Who removed from them from the sky of the
Intellect every barrier from the clouds of
Ignorance
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Kulliyyah
and the Juz and Juziyyah
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Conclusion
(122) The error in the demonstrative argument
wherever it is found is (either) in the content or
form. The first (i.e. the error relating to content) is
(123) In the expression / locution like homonymy or
like making that (i.e. a word) which has something
distinct like its synonym with respect to how the
latter is taken,
(124) And in the meaning (of the expression) by way
of confusing a false proposition with a true one, so
understand the speech,
(125) Like making the accidental essential or that
which yields / produces one of the premises as the
conclusion.
(126) And like passing on the genus the same
judgment that is passed on the species, and like
making the non-definitive (or non-absolute)
definitive (or absolute).
(127) The second (i.e. the error relating to form) is
like deviating from its figures (i.e. the figures of the
syllogism), and leaving out a condition for producing
the conclusion contributing to its completion (i.e. the
completion of the errors relating to form).
(128) This is the completion (and realization) of the
intended aim as regards the Fundamental Principles
of Logic of the type that is praiseworthy.
(129) Indeed, that which I have set out to achieve
from the Art of the Study of Logic has been
completed with Praise of the Lord of Daybreak.
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