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MsKrugman
Ms.Melaugh
AnnotatedBibliography
March13,2015
Bohjalian,Chris.
TheSandcastleGirls
.Toronto:Randomhouse,2012.Print.
TheSandcastleGirls
isanovelwrittenbyChrisBohjalian.Thenovelsurroundsthe
causesandeffectsoftheArmeniangenocide,aswellastheaftermath.Itiswritteninfirst
andthirdperson,wherethetimeperiodgoesbackandforthfromthepresenttothepast.
FirstpersoniswrittenbyawomannamedLaurawhoisthegrandchildofmaincharacters
ElizabethandherhusbandArmen,whoarewritteninthirdperson.ElizabethEndicottis
anAmericanfromBostonwhotraveledtoAleppo,Syriawithherfather,SilasEndicott
andRyanMartin,anAmericanconsul.AllthreetraveledtoAleppoinordertoaidthe
Armenianswhosufferedfromethniccleansing.WhileinAleppo,thethreeliveinan
Americancompound.AsElizabethmeetsmorepeopleinAleppo,theirjourneyisalso
told.Differentperspectivesofthegenocidearetoldthroughthebook,victims,
perpetrators,thosewhowerebraveenoughtointervenetoassistthevictims,children
whosegrandparentswitnessedthegenocide,etc.Learningaboutthedifferent
perspectiveshelpsthereaderunderstandthesocialandpoliticalcausesoftheArmenian
genocide.TheTurksbelievedthatThenovelrevealedopinionsonhowandwhy
genocideoccursthroughitsdetailedandwellorganizedplot.Thenovelansweredafew
leadingresearchquestionssuchas,HowdoesthepresentdayviewtheArmenian
genocide?,Howareraceswhoarelookedupon,dehumanizedbyanotherrace?,and
Whatactionsdidtheperpetratorsimplementintosocietytocarryoutaplanof
genocide?ThenovelalsoproposesdifferentperspectivesofpeopleduringtheArmenian
genocide,whichcontributestothemultipleperspectivesaspectsofthemultigenre
project.
Morgenthau,Henry."HenryMorgenthau,U.SAmbassadortotheOttomanEmpire."
Armeniangenocide.org
.Web.10March2015.
Duringthistime,theYoungTurksweretheleadersoftheOttomanEmpire,threepeople
whowereabletoinitiatetheArmeniangenocide.Asthetitlesuggests,Henry
MorgenthauwastheU.SambassadortotheOttomanEmpire.Morgenthauformeda
personalconnectionwiththeYoungTurksoftheOttomanEmpirewhereMorgenthau
wasabletorevealthetruthaboutthegenocide.Morgenthaustates,
Hemadenosecretof
thefactthattheGovernmenthadinstigatedthem,and,likeallTurksoftheofficial
classes,heenthusiasticallyapprovedthistreatmentofthedetestedrace,theTurks
affirmedtheGovernmenthadsparkedthegenocideandapprovedofthedesolationof
Armenians.Furthermore,Morgenthauclearlystateshisstanceofthegenocide.
Morgenthauwritesthenewspapersthatwroteaboutthegenocidewerenotaccurateand
didnotdepicttheatrocitiescorrectly.Theatrocitieswasmoreofasteppingstonetowards
thegenocide,theviolenceduringthegenocidewasbeyondhumansreach.Morgenthau
brieflystatesthesocialcauseofthegenocide,whichwasasystematicplanofthe
desolationoftheArmenianrace.Attheendoftheletter,Morgenthauwritesabouthow
therewasnthistoryaboutanabundantamountofhumansdyingasbadasthegenocide
thatoccurredatthetime.Theletteransweredquestionsabouttheeffectsofthegenocide,
suchasWhatkillingmethodwasusedagainsttheArmenians?andHowdoes
deportationplayaroleinothergenocides?Noticeably,deportationbecameanew
methodthatgenocidesaftertheArmeniangenocidecarriedout.Deportationbecamea
warranttoeasilykillawholerace.Furthermore,theprimarysourceisvaluableforthe
multigenreprojectbecausethereadercancomparewhatthenovelwroteaboutwhat
happenedversuswhatawitnesssaw.WhattheTurksdidinthenovelwasexactlywhat
happenedinduringthegenocide,ashardasitmaybetobelieve.Humanswerecapable
ofsuchatrociousactsagainstotherhumans.
PhotosofArmenianGenocide.
Genocidemuseum.am
.Web.10March2015.
ThesourcedisplaysvariousphotosfromtheArmeniangenocide,particularly
surroundingthelivesofthevictimswhoareArmenians.Thephotospreciselyrepresents
thehorrorsArmeniansfacedduringthedeportationandthefactorsofdehumanization.
ManymarchesofanextensivegroupofArmenianswereheldregularlyinorderto
massacreArmeniansthroughstarvation,dehydration,andsimpleruthlesskilling.Pictures
ofbeheadedcorpsesandmalnourishedwomenandchildrenseemedtobethetrend
throughoutthephotos.Thephotoscanconveynumerousconjecturesaboutwhat
happenedduringthegenocide.Also,thephotosdefinitelyrevealthephysicalstateand
possiblementalstateofArmenians.Similarlytotheothersources,thephotosareableto
answerHowdidtheperpetratorscarryouttheirplanofagenocide?Theimagesalso
serveasavisualaidtoshowreadersofthemultigenreproject,theeffectsofthewar.
Beecroft,Rachel.ArmenianGenocide.
W
orldwithoutgenocide.org
.6August2013.Web.
10March2015.
In the 11th century, the Armenian homeland was invaded by the Ottoman Empire. By
1890, there was a clear ethnic division between the Muslim Turks and the Christian
Armenians. Armenians had to pay extra taxes and suffer from severe marginalization.