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Un Employment Causes of Unemployment & Suggestions
Un Employment Causes of Unemployment & Suggestions
UN EMPLOYMENT CAUSES OF
UNEMPLOYMENT & SUGGESTIONS
Present to:
Sir Saeed Liqat
Presented By:
GROUP D
M. Shahid Zia (141)
M. Saqib (122)
Subtain Raza (143)
Arshad Kamaran (131)
Imran Rafique (103)
Group leader
Department Management
Sciences
G C University Faisalabad
DEDICATION
Hazrat Muhammad
(PBUH)
&
To our
Ever-affectionate and
loving parents
Contents
1. Introduction 01
3. Type of Un-employment 18
4. Causes of Un-employment 23
5. Suggestions 27
PREFACE
Along with theory, practical work is very important for experience and handling
program which really helps the students to gain knowledge and acquaint
project.
Muhammad Saqib
Roll No. 122
Subtain Raza
Roll No. 140
Arashad Kamran
Roll No. 131
Imran Rafique
Roll No. 103
MPA 1st Semester
Introduction
Unemployment is one of the biggest problems of Pakistan. That person is
unable to get such job opportunity. In the current situation more than 30
than 12%
CONCEPTS AND
DEFINITIONS
A brief explanation of the key concepts and definitions follows
1. Sex Ratio
Is the average number of males per 100 females.
2 Literacy rate
Expresses all those persons ten years of age and above who could read
i Below Matrict
of education.
Education.
4. Household
Constitutes all those persons who usually live together and share their
Meals. A household may consist of one person or more who may or may
Other.
5. Migration
Means the population’s movement from one administrative district to
Another administrative district at any time of their lives and excludes the
Lab our services for the production of goods and services as defined by
production of goods
market,
ii) The production of all other goods and services for the market,
iii) the households which produce such goods and services for the market
and own
Consumption, and
And above who fulfill the requirements for including among employed or
unemployed during
The reference period i.e. one week preceding the date of interview.
etc.
11. Employment
Comprises all persons ten years of age and above who worked at least
One hour during the reference period and were either “paid employed” or
not worked for any reason during the Reference period are also treated as
12. Occupation
Refers to the type of work done during the reference period by the
persons
which a
Profits, or the potential profits, derived from the goods and services
produced.
16. Employee
E is a person who works for a public or private employer and receives
Divided into
17. Employer
is a person working during the reference period, on own-account or with
persons.
20. Other
workers,
enterprises),
persons
family
continuous
unit that does not have a separate legal entity independent of the
corporation nor has a complete set of accounts that would permit a clear
23.Underemployment (Time-related)
comprises all employed persons who during the
25. Unemployment
In Pakistan comprise all persons ten years of age and above who
During the reference period were
i) “Without work”
Self-employment: or
to
Work.
26 .Unemployment rate
is the unemployed population expressed as a percentage of the
more than one economic activity. The survey obtains information about
secondary jobs during the reference period, including any overtime and
period and hence not currently active. They are classified into the
following categories:-
e) Unable to work/handicapped,
includes
power
looms, etc. (given on rent or lease). They are owners but they do not
work for
their properties,
g) Others (persons who derive their income solely from royalties,
dividends, etc;
smugglers etc; voluntary social workers doing work outside the family
30.Occupational Injury/Disease is
any personal injury or disease resulting from an
and may mean that the injured person is unable to work, or to work
normally, for some time, i.e. they have to take time off work. Other
a) Occupational accident
which
b) Commuting accident
the place
where the worker usually takes his/her meal; iii) the place where he/she
usually
training, which
or road
traffic accidents in which workers are injured and which arises out of or
in the
carrying
on the business of the employer.
c) Occupational injury
occupational accident;
e) Occupational disease
of work;
the day prior to the day of return to work measured as calendar days,
week days
or working days in accordance with the severity of the injury. In the case
of
recurrent
absence should
be measured and the resulting number of days lost for each period
summed to arrive at the total loss of working time for the case of injury.
Temporary absence from work of less than one day for medical treatment
reference period that caused the worker to take time off and/or consult a
information about
(v) whether time off was taken or treatment was received as a result
(vi) the part of the body that suffered from the injury
(vii) the conditions that caused the accident or injury
occupational
paid employment in their main job. The income may be earned in cash or
contributions and deductions for pensions and income tax. It includes the
monthly basis. The survey does not obtain information on the income of
employment are
TYPES
Economists distinguish between various types of unemployment,
Cyclical unemployment
This refers to unemployment that rises during economic downturns and
falls when the economy improves. Keynesians argue that this type of
gets its name because it varies with the business cycle, though it can also
unemployment is the most serious one. This arises when demand for most
expected
Frictional unemployment
Structural unemployment
skilled workers looking for jobs and the vacancies available. Even though
the unemployed workers lack the skills needed for the jobs — or are in
the wrong part of the country or world to take the jobs offered. It is a
changing. That is, it is very expensive to unite the workers with jobs. One
professions
Seasonal unemployment
not aggregate demand failure. In this situation, real wages are higher than
minimum wage" deter employers from hiring all of the available workers,
[citation needed]
Hidden unemployment
the way the statistics are collected. In many countries only those who
have no work but are actively looking for work (and/or qualifying for
unemployed, even though they are not employed. The same applies to
those who have taken early retirement to avoid being laid off, but would
Hardcore unemployment
Full employment
the aggregate demand for products and workers. However, eventually the
equilibrium and there is pressure for neither rising inflation rates nor
falling inflation rates. More scientifically, this rate is sometimes referred
Unemployment
to a single breadwinner.
Political Instability
Political instability is one with the successive governments failing to
Budgetary allocations are very small for such an important sector with
level. The curriculum is outdated and the teachers too are pathetic.
Total population:45.7%
male:59.8%
female: 30.6%
and industrial items. Because of less demand of such kind of goods both
Lack of Planing
In our country there is lack of every kind of planning. There is a huge
difference between the demand and supply for labour. There is absence of
economy
especially the industrial sector. Due to less availability and high rates of
basic inputs like electricity, gas and oil, etc. many industries have been
closed
Variation of Taxes
In Pakistan ratio of direct taxes are more than indirect taxes. Tax evasion
is common. Due to less income from the taxes, Govt cannot start
employment level
Financial Crisis
Current international financial crisis is one of the biggest reason of
Suggestions
Economic Growth
Govt. should make efforts to push economic growth process.For this
Exports
Government should seriously try to boost exports through broadening the
Agriculture Sector
Govt. should announce a package for the development of agriculture
sector
Fiscal and Monitory Policies
Beside this a number of fiscal and monetary measures should take to
Technical Training
More technical and vocational training facilities should be provided. In
this way unemployed people will get the chance to enhance their skills
Self-Employment Schemes
With a view to reduce educate unemployment, self-employment scheme
out of its present sordid affairs. Plus we are hardly seeing investors
their lives below their status. Large scale unemployment has serious