Ferrite Content Measurement in Duplex Stainless Steel and it's

Nondestructive Testing
. .

. . .

:
) (DSS

,
,
.
)( On - Site Measurement

.
DSS
) ( ) ( ,
) , ( Nondestructive Testing
,
) Ultrasonic
( Testing ) ( Magnetic Particles Testing
) ( Eddy Current Testing
. Heat Affect Zone

) (DSS .

 . :
. ): ( Dupelx Stainless Steel

:
) , ( - -
) (C < . %


,
) ( Cr > %
.


).(


].[

, S32900 DSS
) % ( 20 ) % ( )% (
, ) % ( 0.35 0.08
%

,
]. [
. : DSS
DSS
,


Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracks
.
].[
. Embrittlement of DSS
) Cr, Ni,
(Mo, N

-
(Laves phase) , , ) (
oC

. [ ] oC

 .
1000 oC 30min/water cool, %=60.1, HV=283, 260X

. Pseudo-Binary Fe/Cr/Ni 68 % Fe

 . DSS

. DSS

 . : Ferrite Content Measurement

DSS


,
.
DSS
%
. %
DSS %
. CSCC



) . ( % Cap
Weld Metal
). (
Filler Wire
,
. Heat Input

].[


DSS .


.


,
.

 . ( UNS S32205) UR 45N+

. UNS S31803
( a ( b Cap
( C

 .. :

:
: Nonmagnetic Methods

:
- : Metallography Method

,
,

ASTM E 562 X
].[


,

,
.
- : X- Ray Analysis Method
X- Ray
Diffraction
, .

,
%
.
- : Chemical Composition Method


ESPY
, WRC 1992 ) (
FN 100 FN % ].[

Delong Schaeffler Diagram
) .[] (

,

,
.
+
( UNS S32205) UR 45N

 . WRC 1992

. Schaeffler
.

. ( UNS S32205) UR 45N+

 : Electromagnetic Methods
) ( :
Magnetic Induction (Eddy Current) Method


,


,
.


,
.


.
Ferritscope
,


).(

,

.
,
.



.

. Ferritscope MP30

 . :Inspection by Nondestructive Methods

DSS ,
VT
MT PT
. ECT

RT .UT




.
. . : Magnetic Particle Test
MPT
,
. kA/m
) ( ) . (BS 6072 : 1981
) (
.) . kA/m (
FR , ASTM A 341
) (
. . ) kA/m(
.
DSS

,
DSS
].[


, . kA/m
.DSS
. . : Eddy Current Testing
ECT
,

.
ECT
,

 ,
DSS .
. . : Ultrasonic Testing
UT
,
,
.
DSS
,
)(
) , (


:
.
) (
Skew
) ( ) (
.
.
Scattering
,
Grass ) (
Attenuation .
:


.
.

. EMAT
.
.
.

,


].[

 . DSS 22 % Cr

. A- scan


, DSS


.
:

,

) (.

, (Distance Amplitude Correction) DAC
DAC

.
. . .Radiographic Testing

, DSS

, DSS
.

.
,
:
.
,

.
. ,

Ir 192
.
.
.
. .
.
.

.

 . ASME & ASTM

ASME & ASTM DSS :
( ASTM A790 Seamless
ASME SA-790
( ASTM A240
ASME SA-240
( ASTM A182
ASME SA-182
( ASTM A789
ASME SA-789
( ASTM A479
ASME SA-479
( ASTM A351
ASME SA-351
( ASTM A276 .
( ASTM A .
:
ASM Specialty Handbook, Stainless Steels, American Society for

1.

Metals, Metals Park, Ohio, 1994.

ASM Handbook, Welding, Brazing and Soldering, Selection of

2.

Stainless Steel, American Society for Metals, Vol. 6, 1995

A. J. Sedriks, Corrosion of Stainless Steel, 2nd Edition, A Wiley-

3.

Interscience Publication, 1996.

Atlas of Precipitates in Steel, 1983

4.

ASTM Designation: E 562 , Standard Test Methods for

5.

Determining Volume Fraction by Systematic Manual Point Count ,

Annual Book of ASTM Standards
D.j. Kotechi and T. Siewert, WRC-1992 Constitutional Diagram for

6.

Stainless Steel Weld Metals, May 1992.

Duplex Stainless Steels Microstructure , Properties and Applications, By
Robert N. Gunn

7.