Differences

Process

Product

Genre

Text as a of resource for

Imitate model text

Knowledge of language is

comparison

intimately attached to a social

Organisation of ideas are

purpose
Organisation of ideas are more

more important than ideas

important than ideas of

More than one draft

More global, focus on

of themselves
One draft
Features highlighted

themselves
One draft
Exposure of similar genre of

purpose, theme, text

including controlled

the text can activate students

type, i.e., reader is

practice of those features

prior knowledge and

emphasized
collaborative
Emphasis on creative

Individual
Emphasis on end product

experiences
Individual
Emphasis on the viewpoint of

Ideas as starting point

process

the reader than the writer

Weakness

Regards all writing as

Process skills are given

Undervalue the skills needed

being produced by the

relatively small roles and

to produce a text and see

same set of processes.

knowledge and skills that

learners as largely passive

learners bring to classroom

are undervalued
Best and most effective ways of using the 3 approaches:
Adaptation of approaches
Incorporation of the insights of the 3 approaches
Table 1: Relationship between the three approaches of writing (Process, Product and Genre)

Bibliography:
Richard Badger, G. W. (April, 2000). A process genre approach to teaching writing. ELT Journal
Volume 54/2, 153-160.