STRESS (Tegasan) &

STRAIN ( Keterakan)
Strain didefinisikan sebagai jumlah
perubahan atau deformasi suatu obyek
p
y
(batuan) dibandingkan dengan bentuk
y tersebut.
dan ukuran asli obyek

STRESS ( TEGASAN )
Compression Stress that acts to shorten an object.
Tension Stress that acts to lengthen an object.
Normal Stress Stress that acts perpendicular to a surface.
Can be either compressional or tensional.
Shear Stress that acts parallel to a surface
surface. It can cause
one object to slide over another.

STRAIN
Simple shear
Perhaps the most familiar illustration of shear is the
movement of rocks on opposite sides of a fault as shown
here Because this type of shear is the easiest to visualize
here.
visualize, it is
called simple shear.

Imagine when the fault starts moving we draw a line at right

angles to the fault. As the fault slips, the line rotates (and also
lengthens) and angle A increases.
lengthens),
increases However,
However angle A will never
reach 90 degrees unless the slip on the fault is infinite.

STRAIN
Simple shear

We can define shear strain exactly the way we do longitudinal strain: the ratio
of deformation to original dimensions. In the case of shear strain, though, it's
the amount of deformation perpendicular to a given line rather than parallel to
it. The ratio turns out to be tan A, where A is the angle the sheared line makes
with
ith its
it original
i i l orientation.
i t ti Note
N t that
th t if A equals
l 90 degrees,
d
the
th shear
h strain
t i is
i
infinte.

STRAIN
Pure shear

STRAIN
Pure shear

Simple shear vs Pure shear

Simple Shear:
One direction remains constant and everything else rotates relative to it. Approximates the situation
in a shear zone.
Pure Shear
Directions of greatest compression and extension are constant. The major and minor axes of the
deforming ellipse remain constant. All other lines rotate.

STRESS ( TEGASAN )

Definisi :
g
() adalah gaya
g y ((F))
Secara konvensional,, tegasan
yang berarah orthogonal per satuan luas (A)

= F/A
/

STRESS ( TEGASAN )
Simbol

/ Notasi :

(sigma)

Satuan

Newton/m2 , Pascal (Pa),

(Pa)
Atmosphere
p
((Atm),
) Psi, dan lain-lain

STRESS ( TEGASAN )
T
Traction
ti
Apa
pa yang
ya g kita
ta sebut sebagai
sebaga st
stress,
ess,
sebetulnya lebih tepat disebut sebagai
o
traction
Sedangkan
g
Stress y
yang
g sebenarnya
y
adalah sejumlah traction dari berbagai
arah secara kolektif y
yang
g bekerja
j pada
p
suatu titik pada suatu bidang

STRESS ( TEGASAN )
F = gaya
Fn = Gaya normal
= F cos
Fs = Gaya geser (shear)
= F sin

STRESS ( TEGASAN )
Gaya normal adalah gaya yang memiliki
arah orthogonal atau tegaklurus
terhadap permukaan suatu bidang
Gaya geser (shear) adalah suatu gaya
yang memiliki arah sejajar dengan
permukaan suatu bidang

STRESS ( TEGASAN )
= Stress atau tegasan
= F / lluas
Normal stress =

Shear stress =

STRESS ( TEGASAN )
Lithostatic stress

= F/A

STRESS ( TEGASAN )
Stress Tensor
Kita ambil suatu bagian
dari kubus granit suatu titik
(P) berbentuk kubus pada
d
dasar
k b
kubus.

STRESS ( TEGASAN )
Stress Tensor

Suatu bidang berorientasi

=500 thd sumbu Z, akan
memiliki luas = nm2

1
Stress Tensor

STRESS ( TEGASAN )
Stress Tensor

STRESS ( TEGASAN )
Stress Tensor

Jadi xz adalah stress vector atau

traction yang dihasilkan oleh stress
vertikal 40 Mpa dan stress
horisontal 20 Mpa pada bidang
yang beorientasi 500 thd sb Z,
memiliki
iliki besaran
b
32 23M ddan
32,23Mpa
berorientasi 22,760 thd sb - z

STRESS ( TEGASAN )
Stress Tensor

STRESS ( TEGASAN )
Sistem Tegasan

STRESS ( TEGASAN )
Sistem Tegasan

STRESS ( TEGASAN )
Sistem Tegasan

STRESS ( TEGASAN )
Sistem Tegasan

STRESS ( TEGASAN )
Sistem Tegasan

STRESS ( TEGASAN )