1 2

............................

1) 1
2) 2

3) 2

( Null hypothesis ) (H0)

( Alternative hypothesis )( H1)

2
(One-tailed test)
(Two-tailed test)

1 ()

.01

.05

Z - test t - test

(ANOVA) Z test t - test

(ANOVA)

Z test
1)

(Normal distribution)
Scale)
( )

2)
3) ( Interval
4)

t test
1)

2)

3) (Interval

Scale)

4)

(ANOVA)

1)

2)

3) (Interval

Scale)

4)
5)
6)

t test

1. Z-test Z- test

t test

2.
( degree of

Freedom : df )

t Z

Z(.05) = t(.05)(df =) =
1.645

(H0)
(H1 )
(one-tailed test) ( two-tailed test)
() (critical value)

(Acceptance)( Rejection)

(H0) (Twotailed test) 2 ( /2)

( One-tailed test )

Sig. ( P-value )
( Print out )
1 ()

z-test

) .05

.
95

= .05

= .05

.
95

H0

Z(.95) =

Z(.05)

1.645

= .05

= .025

2
Z(.025)

= -1.96

.
H0

95

= .

025

Z(.975)
1.96
Z
=

(Area under the normal curve)

.05
.01
.005
1.645 2.33 2.58
(One-tailed test) 1.645 2.33 2.58

.025
.05
.0025
- 1.96
- 2.58
- 2.81

2.58 2.81
(Two-tailed test) 1.96

()

6.1

( )
(H0) (H1)

6.2

()
(H0)

SPSS for Window

P-value P-value

H0
P-value Sig(2-tailed)
Sig(2-tailed)
(H0)
.

( H0)

( H1)

H0( Sig(2-tailed))

(Sig(2-tailed)
.

( H0)

( H1)
H0 ( Sig(2-tailed)

Sig(2-tailed)

Sig(2-tailed) 2

1)

1.

2.
2

3.

) H0 H1

()

H0

2) Sig(2-tailed)
( Print out )

Sig(2-tailed) 2

Sig(2-tailed)
.

Sig(2-tailed)

H0

Sig(2-tailed)

H0 H1

2 Z test
t-test
t-test

1. 1

t test 1

t

X
S n

n ; df2 = n2 - 1

4

25

22
5.6

17 .05
1

H0 :

17

17

2
.05

3
t

X
S n ; df = n - 1

H1 :

10

05

= .05

df = 25-1 = 24 = .

= 1.711

( t

= 1.711 )

5
t

X
S n ; df = 25 - 1 = 24
22 17
5
5.6 25 = 1.12 = 4.46

6
H1

H0

H0

t = 4.46 t

=1.711

H0 H1

17 .05
2. 2

t-test 2

11

2 ( 12 = 22 )
(t-test Pooled

variance) 2

( 1 2
2

) ( t-test Separated variance)

t-test

Ftest

t-test

2.1
2.1.1 n1 n2

1 2

12 22 12 =
2

n1 n2
t

x1 x2
1
2 1
sp n1 n2

30

t test ( t-test

df n1 n2 2

Pooled variance )

Sp

2
2

n1 1 s1 n2 1 s2

n1 n 2 2

2.1.2 n1 n2
1 2

12 22 12 22

12

n1 n2
Separated variance)

30

x1 x2

t test ( t-test

: df

s1 s2

n1 n2

s12 s22

n n
1 2

s12

n
1

n1 1

s2 2

n
2

n2 1

1 2
2

2
F-test

F

2
S max
;
2
S min

df1 = n1-1 n1 = S2

df2 = n2-1 n2 = S2

1) 1 S2 = 9 n = 10

2 S2 = 14 n = 16 S
14

df1 = 16-1 = 15 S

2
min

=9

2
max

df2 = 10-1 = 9

2)
1

( S.D) = 5 n = 14
2
S2 = 9 n = 7 S
S

2
min

=9

df2 = 7-1 = 8

2
max

= 25

df1 = 14-1 = 13

13

8
10

25, 18
20 12

1
:

H0 :

1 2

H1 :

1 2

2
.05

3
t test 2

14

F - test

: H0 : 12 22
H1: 12 22

S12
F
S22

= .05

10 1 = 9

.05
=.025
2

df1 = 8 - 1=7, df2 =

F 4.20 ( F =
4.20 )

F =

18
12 =

= 1.5 < F

1.5
= 4.20

H0
12 22

t-test
t

x1 x 2
1
1

n
1
n
2

, df n1 n 2 2

sp 2

Pooled variance

=.05
1 2 )

df = 8 + 10 - 2 = 16

( H1 :

15

) =

2.12

.05
2 =.025

df = 16

t ( t

5
x1 x2
1 1

n1 n2

df n1 n2 2

2
sp

Sp
2

Sp
t
=

n 1 s n 1 s
1

2
1

n1 n2 2

8 1 18 10 1 12

8 10 2

25- 20
1 1 =
14
.625

8 10
2.73

2
2

126
108 234

= 14.625
16
16

0.23

14
.625

3.36 1.83

6
t = 2.73 > t = 2.12

H0 H1

.05

S.D.

25

4.24

2.73*

16

10

20

3.41

*
.05

3 2

2 10
1 2
3

2 1 370
190 2 200
70

H0 :

1 2

H1
1 2

2
.05

t test 2

F-test

: H0 : 12 22

17

H1: 12 22

H1: 12 22)

= .05
df2 = 9 F.025(9,9)

S12
F
S22 =

H1

(190
)
2

(70
)

F = 7.37 > F = 4.03

x1 x2

: df

s12 s22
n1 n2

36100
=
7.37
4900

H0

12 22

df1 = 9

F ( F )

4.03

.05
=.025
2

2
2
s1 s2
n n
1 2

2
2
s1 s2
n n
1 2
n11 n2 1
2

t-test Separated
variance

H0 H1 t > t

df

2
2
s1 s2
n n
1 2

2
2
s1 s2
n n
1 2
n11 n2 1
2

18

df

df

df

2
4900
36100

10 10
2
2
36100

36100

10 10
9
9

= 11.39

= .05
(H1 :

1 2 )

df = 11 = .05/2 = .025 t (

t ) =

2.20

x1 x 2

s1 s2

n1 n2

370 200

190 2 70 2
10

10

170
4100

170
= 2.66
64
.03

t = 2.66 > t = 2.20

H0 H1

.05

19

SD

10

370

190

2.66*

10

200

70

*
.05
2.2

( )



t test Dependent Samples
t

D
N D D
2

; df = n-1

N 1

t distribution

20

.05

20 18 20 15

10 15 18 19

30 25 28 30

20 19 20 25 28 29 =

10 7

12 16 10 10 10 10 D =

D2

10 49 64 22

15

10
=146
254
108

14 25 10 10 10 10 D =
2

H0 :
H1 :

1,238

post = pre
post > pre

= .05

21

3
t

D
N D D
2

; df = n-1

N 1

4
( H1 :

post > pre )

t ( t

= .05

df = 9

.05

) = 1.83

D
N D D

N 1

108
12380
11664

108
10(1,238) (108)
10 - 1
108
716
9

108

79.56

108
8.92

12.11

H0 H1
H0 H1

22

t =12.11 > t =1.83

H0 H1

.05

10

14.60

10

25.40

*
.05

D2

108

1,238

12.11*

23

1.

4 23

50

34

24

35

37

38

31

45

43

47

42
29

45

23

36

38

35
31

34
30

42
34

26
26

80

95 %

2.
4

28 18 16

50

24

32

41

33

31
32

38

31

28

26

28

34

33

23

37

39

32

31

44

32

32

30

26

32

35

33

24

35

32

29

34

27

35

32

95 %

3.
2

3 3

(Kg)

(Kg)

56

34

43

33

45

35

35

31

25

41

32

37

34

35

35

41

41

42

43

51

36

95 %

4.
30

26

95 %