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Biof 4
Biof 4
Biof 4
REFERENCES: KLB Secondary Biology Form 4 Students Book (KLB BK 4), Oxford Book 4 (Oxford BK 1)
WK
1
2
LSN TOPIC/S-TOPIC
OBJECTIVES
SCHOOL OPENING AND
PRACTICAL
1&2 Genetics
By the end of the lesson, the learner
Introduction
should be able to:Types of variation
- Define genetics and variation
Causes of variation
- Differentiate between continuous and
discontinuous variation
- Explain causes of variation
3&4 DNA and its structure By the end of the lesson, the learner
Role of DNA
should be able to:Structure of the
- Describe the structure of the
Chromosome
chromosome
- Describe role of DNA
5
Replication of DNA
By the end of the lesson, the learner
should be able to:- Describe the replication of DNA
- Explain the arrangement of bases in
the DNA molecule
1&2 Chromosome
By the end of the lesson, the learner
behaviour during cell should be able to:division
Describe chromosome behaviour at
each stage of cell division
3
Law of heredity
By the end of the lesson, the learner
Monohybrid
should be able to:inheritance experiments Describe 1st law of heredity from
Mendels experiments on monohybrid
inheritance
4
Monohybrid inheritance By the end of the lesson, the learner
should be able to:Define monohybrid inheritance using
genotype, phenotype, homozygous,
heterozygous
5
Monohybrid
By the end of the lesson, the learner
Inheritance
should be able to:Describe the monohybrid inheritance
L/ACTIVITIES
L/T AIDS
Description
Demonstration of variation
using students
Chart with a graph of
Explanation
variation
Notes taking
Question and answer
Explanation
Drawing
Questions
Explanation
Description
Notes taking
Question and answer
REFERENCE
KLB BK 4 Pg 1-4
Longman BK 4
Pg 1-6
Longhorn BK 4
Pg 1-5
KLB BK 4 Pg 6
Longman BK 4
Pg 6-13
Longhorn BK 4
Pg 6-8
KLB BK 4 Pg 9-10
Longman BK 4
Pg 15-16
Brightly coloured
Modeling of chromosome thread, pair of scissors, KLB BK 4 Pg 5-6
white manilla paper,
during cell division
Longman BK 4
transparent cello tape Pg 9-10
Group discussion
Description
Notes taking
Questions
Explanation
Description
Notes taking
Questions
Explanation
Description
KLB BK 4 Pg 13-14
Longman BK 4
Pg 21-22
REMARKS
1&2 Probability
Random fusion of
Gametes
Notes taking
Demonstrate probability
Work out probability of the outcome of by tossing a coin
gamete fusion
Explanation
Discussion
3
Complete and
By the end of the lesson, the learner
Incomplete dominance should be able to:Test and back crosses - Describe complete and incomplete
Explanation
Selfing experiments
Dominance
Notes taking
- Explain back cross and test cross;
Discussion
selfing experiments
4
ABO Blood groups
By the end of the lesson, the learner
and Rhesus factor
should be able to:Explanation
Explain inheritance of ABO blood
Notes taking
groups and rhesus factor
Discussion
5
Sex determination in By the end of the lesson, the learner
Humans
should be able to:- Define heterogametic and
Discussion
homogametic natures
Notes taking
- Describe sex determination in humans Genetic crossing
1&2 Linkage
By the end of the lesson, the learner
Sex linkage
should be able to:- Define gene linkage
Description
- Describe sex linked characteristics
Notes taking
- Explain effects of crossing over on
Discussion
sex linked genes
3&4 Mutation
By the end of the lesson, the learner Description
Causes
should be able to:Drawing
Types
- State types of mutations
Notes taking
Chromosomal mutations- Explain causes of mutation
Discussion
5
Gene mutations or
By the end of the lesson, the learner
Point mutations
should be able to:- Define gene mutation
Description
- Describe various types of gene
Notes taking
mutation
Discussion
1&2 Disorders due to gene By the end of the lesson, the learner
mutations
should be able to:Discussion
punnet squares
Pg 21-24
Coins, 2 sets of
Coloured beads or
maize and beans,
plastic container
KLB BK 4 Pg 16
POB VOL 2
Pg 212
Genetic crosses on
Chalkboard
KLB BK 4 Pg 23-24
Longman BK 4
Pg 26-29
Diagram of
Haemophilia
Inheritance
Pedigree diagram
KLB BK 4 Pg 25-26
Longman BK 4
Pg 29-34
Diagrams showing
KLB BK 4 Pg 28-32
Types of chromosomal Longman BK 4
mutations
Pg 35-39
Diagrams of gene
mutations
KLB BK 4 Pg 33-34
Longman BK 4
Pg 41-44
Pedigree diagram
KLB BK 4 Pg 35-38
Applications of
Genetics
Plant and animal
breeding
4&5 Blood transfusion
Genetic counseling
and engineering
1&2
4&5
1&2
3&4
Notes taking
Description
showing inheritance
of albinism
Longman BK 4
Pg 45-49
Discussion
Notes taking
Questions
Sample questions
Sample of products
KLB BK 4 Pg 39-40
Longman BK 4
Pg 50-51
Sample questions
KLB BK 4 Pg 40-41
Longman BK 4
Pg 21-24
Photos
Newspaper cuttings
etc
KLB BK 4 Pg 42-45
Longman BK 4
Pg 55-56
KLB BK 4 Pg 49-50
Longman BK 4
Pg 60-61
Discussion
Explain application in blood transfusion, Notes taking
Counseling and engineering (farming) Questions
Genetic engineering
By the end of the lesson, the learner
- Medicine
should be able to:Discussion
- Cloning
Explain how genetics engineering is
Questions
- Human genome
used in medicine, gene therapy, cloning, Explanation
human genome
Notes taking
Evolution theories of By the end of the lesson, the learner Discussion
Origin of life
should be able to:Questions
- Define evolution
Explanation
- Explain theories of origin of life
Notes taking
Evolution evidences
By the end of the lesson, the learner
- Fossil records
should be able to:- Geographical
- State evidences of evolution
Discussion
Distribution
- Explain fossil records and
Notes taking
geographical distribution
Q/A
Comparative
By the end of the lesson, the learner
Embryology and
should be able to:Anatomy, Serology,
Define and describe comparative
Discussion
Cell biology
embryology, anatomy and cell biology Notes taking
as evidence of evolution
Description
Theories of evolution By the end of the lesson, the learner
Darwin and Lamarcks should be able to:Discussion
Theories
Describe Darwins and Lamarcks
Notes taking
theories of evolution
Q/A
Natural selection in
By the end of the lesson, the learner
Action
should be able to:- Peppered moth
Explain how natural selection is in
Discussion
- Resistance to
action through emergence of new
Explanation
chemicals
strains of bacteria resistant to
Notes taking
10
11
Tropic responses
- Phototropism
1&2 Haptotropism
Geotropism
antibiotics/insects to insecticides
By the end of the lesson, the learner
should be able to:- Define stimulus, response and
irritability
- Describe how a stimulus brings about
a certain response
By the end of the lesson, the learner
should be able to:Describe chemotaxis, phototaxis and
their survival values giving examples
Discussion
Notes taking
Viewing tropisms in
nature-fields
potted plants
Definition
Discussion
Demonstration
Notes taking
Group discussion
Observing termites or
ants moving away/
towards some chemicals
Pairs of students,
Photos of plants
KLB BK 4 Pg 73-74
showing responses
Longman BK 4
Real plants showing
Pg 82-83
tropism
2 compation chambers
Dry sand, bread cramps,
termites, naphthalene, KLB BK 4 Pg 74-75
wax/plasticine,
Longhorn BK 4
aluminium, soil
Pg 70-71
Diagrams or photos of
plants responding
Real plants showing
phototropism and
KLB BK 4 Pg 76
etiolation
Longhorn BK 4
Pg 66-67
Clinostat
Setting up experiment on Seedling
Beaker
geotropism
2 clay pots
Group discussion
Notes taking
Discussion
Photos of plants
responding
Diagrams of
germinating pollen
tube
Discussion
Observation
Notes taking
Group discussion
Notes taking
Observing
Diagram of tip of
plants
Teachers notes
KLB BK 4 Pg 77
Longhorn BK 4
Pg 69-70
KLB BK 4 Pg 76
Longhorn BK 4
Pg 69
KLB BK 4 Pg 78-79
KLB BK 4 Pg 80-81
Longhorn BK 4
Phototropism
of auxins and effect phototropism
Drawing
Auxins & Geotropism By the end of the lesson, the learner
Auxins & haptotropism should be able to:- Explain effects of gravity on
Group discussion
movement of auxins and touch
Notes taking
- Explain how auxins distribution
Observing
Effect geotropism and haptotropism Drawing
4&5 Apical dominance
By the end of the lesson, the learner
should be able to:- Explain the role of the terminal bud
Group discussion
in apical dominance
Notes taking
- State application of apical dominance Observing
In agriculture e.g. pruning of tea/coffee
1&2 Practical on response By the end of the lesson, the learner
Tactic, tropic response should be able to:State observations and explain
Discussion
practicals on exiolation, klinostat,
Writing questions and
geotropism, taxis
answering
Pg 74
12
13
Discussion
Notes taking
Diagram of plants
Teachers notes
Photos
KLB BK 4 Pg 82-83
Longhorn BK 4
Pg 75
KLB BK 4 Pg 147
POB VOL 2 Pg 302
Maize seeds
Plastic containers
Carton boxes
KLB BK 4 Pg 82
Drawing
Discussion
Discussion
Notes taking
KLB BK 4 Pg 85
Longhorn BK 4
Pg 78
Drawing
Discussion
Notes taking
Diagrams of different
types of neurones
KLB BK 4 Pg 85-86
Longhorn BK 4
Pg 76-79
Writing a test
Sample questions
14 &
15
Discussion
BIO, F4, T2
REFERENCES: KLB Secondary Biology Form 4 Students Book (KLB BK 4), Oxford Book 4 (Oxford BK 4)
WK
1
2
LSN TOPIC/S-TOPIC
OBJECTIVES
SCHOOL OPENING AND
PRACTICALS EXAMS
1&2 Response and
By the end of the lesson, the learner
Coordination in
should be able to:Animals
- Draw a well labeled diagram of the
- The Brain
Brain
- Explain functions of the brain
3
The spinal chord
By the end of the lesson, the learner
should be able to:- Draw a T.S of the spinal chord
- Explain parts and functions of the
Spinal chord
4
Simple Reflex Action By the end of the lesson, the learner
should be able to:- Define reflex action
- Explain simple reflex action
5
Conditioned reflex
By the end of the lesson, the learner
action
should be able to:- Define conditioned reflex action
- Describe conditioned reflex
- Differentiate between conditioned
1&2 Transmission of nerve By the end of the lesson, the learner
Impulses
should be able to:- Define action and resting potential
- Define synapse
- Describe impulse transmission
3
Role of hormones in
By the end of the lesson, the learner
Coordination
should be able to:- State role of adrenaline and effects of
over and under secretion
- Compare endocrine and nervous
system
4&5 Role of hormones in
By the end of the lesson, the learner
Coordination
should be able to:Drug abuse
- State the role of thyroxin and effects
L/ACTIVITIES
L/T AIDS
REFERENCE
Group discussion
Notes taking
Observation
Drawing
KLB BK 4 Pg 86-88
Longhorn BK 4
Pg 80-82
Discussion
Notes taking
Drawing
Discussion
Q/A
Notes taking
Diagram illustrating
reflex action
KLB BK 4 Pg 89-90
Longhorn BK 4
Pg 82-84
Sample quiz
Pairs of learners to
illustrate knee jerk
reflex
KLB BK 4 Pg 90-91
Longhorn BK 4
Pg 84-90
Description
Note taking
Drawing
KLB BK 4 Pg 91-92
Description
Note taking
Discussion
Diagram of ve and
+ve feedback
Mechanisms
KLB BK 4 Pg 95
Longhorn BK 4
Pg 87-88
Discussion
REMARKS
Longhorn BK 4
Pg 85-89
KLB BK 4 Pg 97-98
Longhorn BK 4
Pg 91-92
Chart of mammalian
Ear or diagram
KLB BK 4
Pg 108-110
Longhorn BK 4
Pg 107-108
KLB BK 4 Pg 107
Longhorn BK 4
Pg 108-110
Diagrams of support
tissues and their
location
KLB BK 4 Pg 111
Longhorn BK 4
Pg 115
Diagram of support
Tissues and their
Location
Microscope
Razor
Young monocot and
dicot stems, stains
KLB BK 4
Pg 112-115
Longhorn BK 4
Pg 116-118
KLB BK 4 Pg 112
Pictures of animals in
Different skeletons
KLB BK 4
Pg 116-117
Longhorn BK 4
Pg 119-120
KLB BK 4
and adaptations
Discussion
- Draw a well labeled diagram of a fish Observation
- Calculate tail power
Description and
Explanation
By the end of the lesson, the learner
should be able to:- Describe parts of human skeleton
- Describe roles of skull, ribcage and
sternum
10
Observing
Note taking
Drawing
Chart of human
skeleton
Specimen of skull with
satures
Observation of bones
Drawing
Notes taking
KLB BK 4
Photos & specimen of Pg 121-122
Cervical vertebra, atlas Longhorn BK 4
Pg 128
and axis
Discussion
Drawing
Observation
KLB BK 4
Pg 119-120
Longhorn BK 4
Pg 126-127
KLB BK 4
Pg 122-123
Longhorn BK 4
Pg 133-135
KLB BK 4
Pg 124-125
Longhorn BK 4
Pg 141-142
Drawing
Observation
Description
Discussion
Bones of forelimb
KLB BK 4 Pg 125
Longhorn BK 4
Pg 143-147
Discussion
Observation
Notes taking
KLB BK 4
Pg 126
Longhorn BK 4
Pg 148-155
Drawing
Observation
Identification
Bones of vertebral
column and
appendicular skeleton
KLB BK 4
Pg 122-123
Longhorn BK 4
11
test
3&4 Joints
By the end of the lesson, the learner
should be able to:- Define joint
- Name types of joints
- Describe the nature of each joint with
examples
5
Practice questions on By the end of the lesson, the learner
Joints
should be able to:Answer questions correctly
1&2 Muscles
By the end of the lesson, the learner
should be able to:- Define muscle
- Name types of muscles and state their
characteristics and differences
3&4 Revision on joints and By the end of the lesson, the learner
Muscles
should be able to:Answer all questions correctly
5
12
Revision on
classification
3&4 Ecology
5
13 &
14
Factors in the
Environment
10
Discussion
Pg 132-135
Drawing
Observation
Demonstration
Discussion
Diagrams of joints
Student to demonstrate
movable and
immovable joints
KLB BK 4
Pg 127-128
Longhorn BK 4
Pg 152-153
Answering questions
Discussion
Sample quiz
POB VOL 2
Pg 329-330
Past papers
Discussion
Drawing
Notes taking
Diagrams of muscles
Group discussion
Sample questions
Group discussion
Teacher supervision
Sample questions
KCSE past papers
Group discussion
Supervision
Sample questions
POB VOL 2
Diagrams or photos of Pg 45-47
organisms
Group discussion
Supervision
Sample KCSE
Questions
KCSE revision
papers
Sample questions
Group discussion
Supervision
KLB BK 4
Pg 129-131
Longhorn BK 4
Pg 155
KLB BK 4
Pg 131-132
POB VOL 2
Pg 321
POB VOL 2
Pg 43-44
BIO, F4, T3
REFERENCES: KLB Secondary Biology Form 4 Students Book (KLB BK 4), Oxford Book 4 (Oxford BK 4)
WK
1
2
LSN TOPIC/S-TOPIC
OBJECTIVES
SCHOOL OPENING AND
SEPTEMBER SERIES
EXAMS BEGIN
1&2 Revision on the kidney By the end of the lesson, the learner
And homeostasis
should be able to:Answer all questions correctly
3&4 The liver and
By the end of the lesson, the learner
Homeostasis
should be able to:Answer the discussion questions
correctly
5
The skin and
By the end of the lesson, the learner
Homeostasis
should be able to:Answer all questions correctly
1&2 Transport in plants
By the end of the lesson, the learner
- Phloem and xylem
should be able to:- Answer all given questions correctly
- Observe and draw cross-sections to
show order of vascular bundles
3&4 Cross sections of roots By the end of the lesson, the learner
and stems
should be able to:Transpiration
- Answer all questions correctly
- Observe and draw cross section under
a microscope
5
Forces that help in
By the end of the lesson, the learner
water movement up
should be able to:the stem
Answer all questions correctly
1&2 Respiration
By the end of the lesson, the learner
should be able to:Answer all questions correctly
3&4 Gaseous exchange in By the end of the lesson, the learner
Plants
should be able to:Answer all questions correctly
5
Gaseous exchange in By the end of the lesson, the learner
Animals
should be able to:Answer all questions correctly
11
L/ACTIVITIES
L/T AIDS
REFERENCE
Group discussion
Supervision
Sample questions
KCSE past papers
Group discussion
Supervision
Sample questions
Group discussion
Supervision
Sample questions
Group discussion
Supervision
Sample questions
Group discussion
Supervision
Sample questions
Group discussion
Supervision
Sample questions
Group discussion
Supervision
Sample questions
Group discussion
Supervision
Sample questions
Group discussion
Teacher Supervision
REMARKS
Group discussion
Group discussion
Group discussion
12
Teachers Practical
Questions
Group discussion
Sample questions
KCSE Revision
Papers
Group discussion
Supervision
Sample questions
Pyramid Revision
Series
Group discussion
Observation
Supervision
Exam papers
Potato
Strips
Ruler and solutions
Group discussion
Sample questions
KCSE Revision
Series
Supervised group
discussion
Sample questions
KCSE Revision
Series
KCSE Revision
Series