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Optimization of Mechanical Design Problems Using Improved Differential Evolution Algorithm
Optimization of Mechanical Design Problems Using Improved Differential Evolution Algorithm
I.
INTRODUCTION
Minimize / Maximize f (x )
Subject to : g j ( x ) 0, j = 1,......, p
(1)
(2)
hk ( x ) = 0, k = 1,......, q
xi min xi xi max (i = 1,......, n) .
II.
RESEARCH PAPER
International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 5, May 2009
(7)
where r1 , r2 , r3 , r4 , r5 {1,2,...., NP} are randomly chosen
integers, must be different from each other and also
different from the running index i. F (>0) is a scaling
factor which controls the amplification of the difference
vector. X best, g is the best individual vector with the best
fitness value in the population at generation g.
Crossover: In order to increase the diversity of the
perturbed parameter vectors, crossover is introduced [12].
The parent vector is mixed with the mutated vector to
produce a trial vector u ji , g +1
v
if (rand j CR ) or ( j = jrand )
u ji , g +1 = ji , g +1 if
(8)
x
(rand j > CR ) and ( j jrand )
ji , g
where j = 1, 2,, D; rand j [0,1] ; CR is the
crossover constant takes values in the range [0, 1]
and jrand (1,2,....., D ) is the randomly chosen index.
Selection: Selection is the step to choose the vector
between the target vector and the trial vector with the aim
of creating an individual for the next generation. The
simple flow of DE algorithm is given in Fig 1.
Initialize the population
Calculate the fitness value for each particle
Do
For i = 1 to number of particles
Do mutation, Crossover and
Selection
End for.
Until stopping criteria is reached.
Fig 1 Flow of DE algorithm
IV.
III.
RESEARCH PAPER
International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 5, May 2009
20 x1 50 , 1 x2 10 , 20 x3 50 , 0.1 x4 60
Subject to
x1 x2 2 x3 27 , x1 x2 2 x3 2 397.5 , x2 x6 4 x3 x4 3 1.93 ,
A1B11 1100
B1 = 0.1x6 3
A2 B2 1 850
B2 = 0.1x7 3
x2 x 3 40 , x1 x2 1 5 , x1 x2 1 12 , 1.5 x6 x4 1.9 ,
1.5 x7 x5 1.9 .
2.6 x1 3.6 ,
7.3 x4 8.3 ,
0 .7 x 2 0 .8 ,
7.3 x5 8.3 ,
17 x3 28 ,
2.9 x6 3.9 ,
5 x7 5.5
V.
RESEARCH PAPER
International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 5, May 2009
Item
DE/rand/1
DE/rand/2
DE/best/1
DE/best/2
Best
Average
Worst
Std
NFE
SR
Time (sec)
2863.36
2863.36
2863.36
1.56e-05
9112
100%
1.44
2863.36
2863.36
2863.36
1.84e-05
19232
100%
3.16
2863.36
2875.28
3022.43
32.1611
3802
100%
0.52
2863.36
2866.52
2902.89
10.7244
7458
100%
1.08
DE/randto-best/1
2863.36
2881.15
2922.53
20.1398
3672
100%
0.48
Result in [13]
2994.47
-NA-NA-NA-NA-NA-NA-
Item
DE/rand/1
DE/rand/2
DE/best/1
DE/best/2
Best
Average
Worst
Std
NFE
SR
Time (sec)
7049.25
7049.25
7049.25
6.17e-05
86316
100%
0.16
7049.25
7049.25
7049.25
3.33e-05
381338
100%
0.76
7049.25
7067.24
7373.79
63.401
67598
96%
0.16
7049.25
7049.25
7049.25
1.25e-05
194826
100%
0.4
DE/randto-best/1
7049.25
7049.25
7049.25
1.45e-05
277594
100%
0.48
Result in [14]
7049.25
-NA-NA-NA33146
88%
1.292
Item
DE/rand/1
DE/rand/2
DE/best/1
DE/best/2
Best
Average
Worst
Std
NFE
SR
Time (sec)
2.963e+06
2.963e+06
2.963e+06
8.79e-06
14634
100%
0.56
2.963e+06
2.963e+06
2.963e+06
7.99 e-06
28430
100%
1.0
2.963e+06
2.963e+06
2.963e+06
3.17 e-06
6640
100%
0.28
2.963e+06
2.963e+06
2.963e+06
4.85 e-06
18610
100%
0.64
DE/rand-tobest/1
2.963e+06
2.963e+06
2.963e+06
6.08 e-06
23284
100%
0.84
Result in [15]
2.99e+06
-NA-NA-NA-NA-NA-NA-
Item
DE/rand/1
DE/rand/2
DE/best/1
DE/best/2
Best
Average
Worst
Std
NFE
SR
Time (sec)
13646.5
13646.5
13646.5
7.82e-05
316526
100%
92.72
27275.6
34972
40908.8
5557.24
500050
0%
150.64
13646.6
14282.5
17323.3
1118.68
185504
96%
56.16
13651.9
13660.8
13683
10.4135
500050
0%
220.04
24
2009 ACADEMY PUBLISHER
DE/randto-best/1
14399.6
15336.5
18166.6
777.945
500050
0%
157.08
Result in [16]
19230
-NA-NA-NA-NA-NA-NA-
RESEARCH PAPER
International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 5, May 2009
25
2009 ACADEMY PUBLISHER