Signal

Processing
First

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Lecture7
FourierSeries
&Spectrum

Power of a sine wave

Assumethati(t) istheacurrentsignalgoing
througha1 resistorthenthepoweris:
P T10

T0

A2
0

2
[ A cos(t )] dt
[W ]
2
[ A cos( )]2 0

Notethatitdoesnotdependonfreq.and
phasebutonlyontheamplitude
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Power of a periodic signal

UsingtheFourierSeriesx(t)canbewrittenas
thesumofmanyharmonicseachcontributing

2
n

A
P A0
an

n 1 2
2

Proofseelecturerecording
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Proof:

A
P A0 2 n an
n 1 2

k 1

x(t ) A0 Ak cos(2 kf 0t k ) ak e j (2 k /T0 )t

P T10

P T10

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T0

T0

x(t ) dt T10
2

T0

x(t ) x(t )* dt

j (2 k / T0 ) t
* j (2 l / T0 ) t
a
e

a
dt
k
le

Proof:
P

A
P A0 2 n an
n 1 2

* 1
a
a
k T0

T0

e j (2 k /T0 )t e j (2 /T0 )t dt

0 k
1
j ( 2 / T0 ) t j ( 2 / T0 ) kt
e
e
dt

T0 0
1 k
T0

P ak a ak

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*
k

Proof:

A
P A0 2 n an
n 1 2

P a0 ak a k a0 ak a
2

k 1

k 1

* 2
k

a0 2 ak
2

k 1

1
ak X k
2

X k Ak e jk
ak

is the phasor of

1
1 2
2
X k Ak
4
4

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Ak cos(2 kf 0t k )
a0 A02
2

Problem
Approximate a sine wave using three delayed square waves

s (t ) sin(2 f 0t ) x0 (t ) x1 (t ) x2 (t )
x0 (t )

1
0

x1 (t )

t
1
t

T1

x2 (t )

1
T2

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t
7

Problem
x(t )

ak e j 2 k f0 t

1 j 2 k f 0 t 1 j 2 k f 0 t
s (t ) sin(2 f 0t )
e
e
2j
2j
The square waves have a positive DC component
we need to allow for more degrees of freedom

s (t ) sin(2 f 0t ) a0 x0 (t ) a1 x1 (t ) a2 x2 (t )

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Problem
I which sense can we say the approximation is good?

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