Cascade Control

System
A Presentation By
Nikhil Chipade
11OIL1014

What are control systems?

Acontrol systemis a device, or set of
devices, that manages, commands,
directs or regulates the behaviour of
other devices orsystems.

Why we need control

systems?
To maintain a desired output
For safety purposes
To maintain optimized parameters

Few Important
Terminologies Controlled Variable
Parameter which is to be controlled

Manipulated Variable
Parameter which is to be changed to control the
controlled variable

Disturbance
Responsible for changes in controlled variable
directly/indirectly

Types of Control Systems

Feedback
Feedforward
Cascade
Ratio
Split-range
Model Based Etc.
Its based on the way they work, deal with
disturbances and resources they require.

Basic Control Logics Proportional Controller

Doesnt remove
disturbance completely

Proportional Derivative
Controller
Faster than previous but
doesnt remove
disturbance completely

Proportional integral
Controller
Removes disturbance
completely

Proportional integral
derivative Controller
Faster than all the previous
ones, Removes disturbance
completely

Cascade Control System

In Feedback & Feedforward control systems, we
measure one variable and manipulate one
variable.
In Cascade Control systems, we measure more
than one variable and manipulate one variable.
Two controls when well tuned to work together Secondary Controller (Slave Control)
Primary Control (Master Control)

Why Cascade Control?

Problem associated with previous control systems
Disturbances with a delayed or slow effect on measured
output
Nonlinear effects

In cascade control system, we have two measured

variables
Primary
This one is the necessary or controlled variable

Secondary
This is the variable which has direct effect on process
parameter & can be manipulated to eliminate disturbances
at faster rates

Steps in Designing a Control

System

Identifying Control and Manipulative Variables

Modelling a Process
Disturbance Studies
Choose appropriate control systems or do comparison
studies
Optimize controller parameters
Installation and testing
Give Ramp inputs to check behaviour of the controller
If it doesnt obey ideally or close to ideal in the designed
range, re-optimize parameter and repeat the process

Reference Introduction to Control Systems

Stephanopoulos

Process Control & Systems

Coughanowr

Plant Wide Control Systems

Abo Akademic University