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Learn To Read and Write Hindi
Learn To Read and Write Hindi
HINDI LEVEL I
A PRIMER
Ratnakar Narale
PUSTAK BHARATI
Books India
paustak BaartaI
INDEX
AnaumaiNaka
7
11
14
16
17
19
24
48
51
76
80
84
86
93
LESSON 1
pahLaa paa#
Hind& Vowels :
A
Aa
}|
]e
Aae
AaE
A>
A:
a@
&
u@
r<
ai
au
m[
h<
Hind& Consonants :
k
Sa`
ga`
za`
G`
kh
gh
n[
ca`
ja`
Ja`
a`
c{, ch
c{h, chh
jh, z
n~
@`
#`
D`
$`
Na`
t>
t>h
d<
d<h
n<
ta`
Ya`
d`
Za`
na`
th
dh
pa`
ba`
Ba`
ma`
ph, f
bh
ya`
r`
La`
va`
v, w
oa`
Pa`
sa`
h`
s{, sh
s<
h
1
LESSON 2
dUsara paa#
COMMON HINDI CONSONANTS
Sa
ga
za
ka
kha
ga
gha
n[a (nga)
ca
ja
Ja
cha
Chha
ja
jha, za
n~a
Na
t>a
t>ha
d<a
d<ha
n<a
ta
Ya
Za
na
ta
tha
da
dha
na
pa
ba
Ba
ma
pa
pha, fa
ba
bha
ma
ya
La
va
ya
ra
la
va, wa
oa
Pa
sa
s{a, sha
s<a
sa
ha
Special Compounds
xa,
%a,
Xa
ks<a,
tra,
gya
2
Learn Hindi through English Medium - Course Level I
LESSON 3
SPEAKING HINDI CHARACTERS
Alphabet
Hind&
Sounds like, as in
Alphabet
Hind&
Sounds like, as in
(A)
in
America
t>
(@)
in
cut>
a@
(Aa)
in
ca@r
t>h
(#)
th
in
(})
in
India
d<
(D)
in
red
&
(}|)
ee
in
peel
d<h
($)
dh
in
adhere
(q)
in
put
n<
(Na`)
in
band
u@
(Q)
oo
in
moon
r<
(/)
ri
in
ring
(ta`)
in
(soft t)
(])
in
bake
th
(Ya`)
th
in
thunder
ai
(]e)
in
actor
(d`)
th
in
other
(Aae)
in
go
dh
(Za`)
dh
in
buddha
au
(AaE)
ou
in
count
(na`)
in
men
(k)
in
milk
(pa`)
in
cup
kh
(Sa`)
kh
in
khyber
ph,f
(f)
ph, f
in
photo
(ga`)
in
god
(ba`)
in
rub
gh
(za`)
gh
in
ghost
bh
(Ba`)
bh
in
abhore
n[
(G)
in
bring
(ma`)
in
mug
c{, c
(ca`)
ch
in
chum
(ya`)
in
yes
c{h, chh
(C)
chh
c{ with breath
(r`)
in
rub
(ja`)
jug
(l`, La`)
in
love
jh, z
(Ja`)
dgeh in
hedgehop
v,w
(va`)
v, w
in
rave
n~
(a`)
hinge
s{, sh
(oa`)
sh
in
shut
s<
(Pa`)
sh
in
should
(sa`)
in
sun
(h)
in
hug
in
in
3
Learn Hindi through English Medium - Course Level I
LESSON 4
caaEYaa paa#
READING AND WRITING SIMPLE HINDI CONSONANTS
(4.1) va va, ba ba, k ka
va
ba
va
ba
ka
kela@ (banana)
3. va ba ka
-- -- ---
4. kaba, baka
------ -----
5. kba, bak
----- ----
6. kk, vaba
----- ----
7. vaba, vak
----- ----
8. kk, bava
------ -----
9. k, ba, va, ba
----------------
-----------------
---
-----------4
------------------------------
pa
Pa
pa
s<a
pha, fa
s<at>akon<a (hexagon)
ped< (plant)
4. bakabaka, kabakaba
8. vaf, vaba, pafba
ta
na
ga
ta
na
ga
takiya@ (pillow)
na@g
(cobra)
5
ga@y (cow)
ma
Ba
ma
Na
bha
ma@-ba@p (mama-papa)
n<a
bha@rat (India)
ba@n<a (arrow)
ca
ja
La
cha
ja
n~a
la
cha@b& (key)
jura@b (sock)
lad<ka@-lad<ki (boy-girl)
6
(A) 1. kpa, camaca, 2. tana mana gagana 3. Bagata, patana, manana 4. Bava, gaNa, gaNak, 5. naLa, Lagana,
6. paLak, bana, paga, gama 7. jaLa, caLa, macaLa
8. kNa, kLa, paLa
9. maLa, mata, tama
NOTE : Character n~ (a`) is rarely used in Hind&. It is mostly used in Sanskrit language.
(4.5) za gha, Za dha, C chha
za
Za
gha
dha
c{ha
ghar (house)
dhan (wealth)
chhipkali (lizard)
1. ja, ca, a
6. LaBa, maLa
9. saja, fLa
13. kNa, saba saca
17. jaja, CmaCma
2. La, ja, ca
3. k, La
4. gaNak, jaLaja
7. ca, ja, a, La, r, sa, Sa, oa 8. caLa, jaLa, jaja
10. kmaLa, sarLa 11. oakLa, frk, parSa, Barta, camana
14. barf, capaLa 15. magaja, jaLa, SaLa, nar, par, sama
18. CLa, jaga, zar, zanazana
19. Zana, kba, vaZa
7
Learn Hindi through English Medium - Course Level I
5. jaLa, caLa
8. rsa, oar, rSa, saca
12. Lagana, vajana, tana mana
16. camak, caLa, caSa
20. oama, frk
sa
ra
sa
rupaya@ (Rupee)
Sa
s&d& (CD)
oa
kha
s{a
khat (letter)
sha@d& (marriage)
ya
Ya
ya
tha
yagya (yajn~a)
tha@l& (plate)
(B) 1. zar, Laja, mata, yaxa, yaXa, rYa, Zana 2. zana, yama,kLa, kLa, var, vaoa, kr, sama, narma 3. Zana,
saba, sah, jaya, 4. Baya, oayana, caLana, rNa, frk, sarLa 5. zar, caLa, Zar, mata, rmaNa, jaLa
8
Learn Hindi through English Medium - Course Level I
t>a
t>ha
d<ha
da
dil (heart)
Ja
d<a
n[a
jha
ha
d<or (rope)
jha@d<u (broom)
ha@th& (elephant)
9
Learn Hindi through English Medium - Course Level I
5. DbaLa Df Dr
10. saba, hma, gama
xa
%a
Xa
ks<a
tra
jn~a
(4.10)
A>
am[
A:
ah<
pa>
pam[
pa
pam[
pa:
pah<
d<a
$ d<ha
EXAMPLES :
(A) kpakpaI, kha, kapanaa, Saasanaa, SaasaI, gaava, caad, caadI, caadnaI, Ca@naa, Cava, jacanaa, jaha, jaaza,
jaaca, jaacanaa, Jaaknaa, JaakI, JaaJar, Jaasaa, @aka, @aga, @aganaa, #ava, #sanaa, Da@, Da@naa, DavaaDael,
Dasa, $acaa, taha, taagaa, taai%ak, taabaa, dtauLaa, data, dava, Zasanaa, Zasaanaa, ZaaZaLaI, Zaaya, Zaasanaa,
naaZanaa, pavaaDa, paaca, paacajanya, paacavaa, fd, fda, fsanaa, fsaanaa, f@naa, fadnaa, fasanaa, fasaI,
ba@vaara, ba@anaa, baaknaa, baaka, baaga, baaJa, baa@naa, baaZanaa, baasa, baasaurI, baah, Baajaa, Bavar, BaaDar,
Baaita, Baapanaa, maDranaa, maUC, maUDnaa, maUDnaa, maUdnaa, maa, maaga, maaganaa, yaha, rganaa, rgaa}|, ragaa, raD,
raZanaa, Laazanaa, vaha, saavaLaa, saasa, ha, hak, hsanaa, hsamauSa, hsaI, haknaa, haDI, hafnaa_
(B) ADnaa, ADanaa, AnaaDI, AaDa, Aa$ta, qDnaa, kDk, k$a}|, k$I, kIDa, IDa, SaDa, gaDbaD,
gaU$, zaaeDa, caaEDa, CaeDnaa, jaaeDnaa, JaDnaa, @ukDa, @e$a, $a$sa, taDpanaa, taDpaanaa, taaeDnaa, YaaeDa, daEDnaa,
ZaDknaa, naaDI, paDnaa, paIDa, faDnaa, favaDa,
baDa, ba$}|, ba$naa, ba$anaa, ba$ava, baU$a, BaaDa,
10
Learn Hindi through English Medium - Course Level I
BaDar, BaID, BaIDnaa, maUDnaa, maUDI, maU$, maaeD, maaeDnaa, rI$, laDnaa, laDa}|, saDnaa, saaD_
LESSON 5
paacavaa paa#
PRACTICING THE HINDI VOWELS
(5.1) A a, Aa a@, Aae o, AaE au
Aa
a@
Aae
AaE
} i, }| &
au
}|
&
(5.2) q u,
Q u@,
/ r<;
] e,
]e ai;
w ru,
W ru@
]e
u@
r<
ai
ru
ru@
11
Learn Hindi through English Medium - Course Level I
LESSON 6
C#vaa paa#
WRITING HINDI VOWEL SIGNS
Vowels
Signs
Sound
Aa
}|
a@
aa
a i I
&
ee
u@
r<
oo
ri
]e
Aae
AaE
ae
aE
ai
au
E ae aE
a@
&
u@
r<
ai
au
paa
ipa
paI
pau
paU
pa\
pae
paE
paae
paaE
pa@
pi
p&
pu
pu@
pr<
pe
pai
po
pau
12
Learn Hindi through English Medium - Course Level I
Aa
}|
]e
Aae
AaE
A>
A:
a@
&
u@
r<
ai
au
am[
ah<
k
Sa
ga
za
ca
C
ja
Ja
@
#
D
$
Na
ta
Ya
d
Za
na
pa
f
ba
Ba
ma
ya
r
La
va
oa
Pa
sa
h
ka
Saa
gaa
zaa
caa
Ca
jaa
Jaa
@a
#a
Da
$a
Naa
taa
Yaa
da
Zaa
naa
paa
fa
baa
Baa
maa
yaa
ra
Laa
vaa
oaa
Paa
saa
ha
ik
iSa
iga
iza
ica
iC
ija
iJa
i@
i#
iD
i$
iNa
ita
iYa
id
iZa
ina
ipa
if
iba
iBa
ima
iya
ir
iLa
iva
ioa
iPa
isa
ih
kI
SaI
gaI
zaI
caI
CI
jaI
JaI
@I
#I
DI
$I
NaI
taI
YaI
dI
ZaI
naI
paI
fI
baI
BaI
maI
yaI
rI
LaI
vaI
oaI
PaI
saI
hI
k
Sau
gau
zau
cau
Cu
jau
Jau
@u
#u
Du
$u
Nau
tau
Yau
du
Zau
nau
pau
f
bau
Bau
mau
yau
w
Lau
vau
oau
Pau
sau
hu
k
SaU
gaU
zaU
caU
CU
jaU
JaU
@U
#U
DU
$U
NaU
taU
YaU
dU
ZaU
naU
paU
f
baU
BaU
maU
yaU
W
LaU
vaU
oaU
PaU
saU
hU
Sa\
ga\
za\
ca\
C\
ja\
Ja\
@
#
D
$
Na\
ta\
Ya\
Za\
na\
pa\
f\
ba\
Ba\
ma\
ya\
La\
va\
oa\
Pa\
sa\
k
Sae
gae
zae
cae
Ce
jae
Jae
@e
#e
De
$e
Nae
tae
Yae
de
Zae
nae
pae
f
bae
Bae
mae
yae
re
Lae
vae
oae
Pae
sae
he
k
SaE
gaE
zaE
caE
CE
jaE
JaE
@E
#E
DE
$E
NaE
taE
YaE
dE
ZaE
naE
paE
f
baE
BaE
maE
yaE
rE
LaE
vaE
oaE
PaE
saE
hE
kae
Saae
gaae
zaae
caae
Cae
jaae
Jaae
@ae
#ae
Dae
$ae
Naae
taae
Yaae
dae
Zaae
naae
paae
fae
baae
Baae
maae
yaae
rae
Laae
vaae
oaae
Paae
saae
hae
kaE
SaaE
gaaE
zaaE
caaE
CaE
jaaE
JaaE
@aE
#aE
DaE
$aE
NaaE
taaE
YaaE
daE
ZaaE
naaE
paaE
faE
baaE
BaaE
maaE
yaaE
raE
LaaE
vaaE
oaaE
PaaE
saaE
haE
k
Sa>
ga >
za >
ca>
C>
ja>
Ja>
@>
#>
D>
$>
Na>
ta>
Ya>
d>
Za>
na>
pa>
f
ba>
Ba>
ma>
ya>
r>
La>
va>
oa>
Pa>
sa>
h>
k:
Sa:
ga:
za:
ca:
C:
ja:
Ja:
@:
#:
D:
$:
Na:
ta:
Ya:
d:
Za:
na:
pa:
f:
ba:
Ba:
ma:
ya:
r:
La:
va:
oa:
Pa:
sa:
h:
SUMMARY
13
maE> (mai - I), hma (ham - we), Aapa (a@p - you), taU (tu@ - you) tauma (tum you), vah (vah - he, she), vae (ve - they), hmae> (hame - to us), Aapakae (a@p
liye - for you), hmaare iLayae (hama@re liye - for us), qnak iLayae (unke liye for them), maera (mera@ - my), maerI (mer& - my), maere (mere - our), hmaara
(hama@ra@ - my), hmaarI (hama@r& - my), hmaare (hama@e - my), taera (tera@ your), taerI (ter& - your), taere (tere - your), Aapaka (a@p ka@ - your), AapakI
(a@p k& - your), Aapak (a@p ke - your), mauJamae> (mujhme - in me), taeremae> (tere
par - on you), Aapa par (a@p par - on you), qsa par (us par - on him, her),
qna par (un par - on them)_ maE> hU (mai hu@ - I am), taU hE (tu@ hai - You
are), tauma hae (tum ho - You are), Aapa hE> (a@p hai - You are).
14
Learn Hindi through English Medium - Course Level I
LESSON 7
saatavaa paa#
COMPOUNDING THE CONSONANTS
(Compare the following chart with the one given on page 1)
Hind& Half-Characters :
K (k)
S (Sa`)
g (ga`)
z (za`)
G`
kh
gh
n[
c (ca`)
j (ja`)
J (Ja`)
(a`)
c{, ch
c{h, chh
jh
n~
@`
#`
D`
$`
N (Na`)
t>
t>h
d<
d<h
n<
t (ta`)
Y (Ya`)
d`
Z (Za`)
n (na`)
th
dh
p (pa`)
(f)
b (ba`)
B (Ba`)
m (ma`)
ph,f
bh
y (ya`)
r`
L (La`)
v (va`)
v,w
o (oa`)
P (Pa`)
s (sa`)
h`
s{, sha
s<
h
15
egg)
16
mahattva greatness)
bed)
17
LESSON 8
Aa#vaa paa#
SPECIAL COMPOUND CHARACTERS
(1) Character d (d` ) forms following commonly used SEVEN compound letters :
(i). d + ga = dga writen as : d` + ga = d`ga =
BagavaItaa
qeoa
bau&
OaRImagavaItaa
iva^a
pa
Var
ca
AgaR
paiva%a
dRva
OaRI
(vi) t> or d<+ ra= tra, d<ra (@` + r = @) @k (truck), raP@ (ra@s<t<ra nation), Za\taraP@ (Dhr<tara@s<t>ra)
(vii) s + ra = sra (sa` + r = sa`r = )
sah
18
(B) WHEN HALF CONSONANT r ( r` ) comes before any full consonant character, the r (r` )
is written as ( | ) over that full consonant.
(viii) r + k ( ) r` + k = k_ Ak (arka extract), svaga| (svarga heaven),
AGAIN REMEMBER :
paRkaoa
(ii) The curved line character ( | ) represents half r` (r), it does not represent full r (ra)
eg\ pa| = r` + pa
sapa|
(3) Character h` forms following three types of very common compound letters :
(i) h + ma = hma (h + ma = M)
(ii) h + ya = hya (h + ya = H), baaH (bahya outer)
(iii) h + r> = hr> (h + / = ) dya (hr>day heart)
kta
F
(4) Character k : character k + ta = kta. kta can be written as k + ta = Kta_ but there is a
special character for this combo which is written as k + ta = Kta = F
eg\ rF (rakta blood), BaiF BaiKta (bhakti devotion), vaFa vaKtaa (vakta@ speaker), mauF mauKta
(mukta free), vaF vaKta (vakta time), pa>iF pa>iKta (pan[kti line) ...etc
19
Learn Hindi through English Medium - Course Level I