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Reciprocating Pump With Air Vessel PDF
Reciprocating Pump With Air Vessel PDF
Seminar Report
On
RECIPROCATING PUMP
WITH AIR VESSEL
Submitted by
PATIL KRUNAL R.
EN.NO. 106550319004
Of FMHM
Guided by
HIREN PATEL
(L.M.E.)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I take this privileged opportunity to express our hearty thanks to you for
providing me and guiding me such a nice opportunity of learning and developing
myself as better mechanical professional.
I would also like to thank Mr. HIREN PATEL (L.M.E.) for helping out me during
the entire seminar procedure conducted during the semester.
I would thank to express my deep feeling of gratitude to the under mentioned
faculties for their assistance, guidance and inspiration before and through the
seminar. I also indebted to sir for their readiness to provide all resources for
making this seminar successfully completed well within time.
I would like to thank Vallbhbudhi Polytechnic, Navsari for providing me such a
good opportunity to represent the seminar.
As far as my work is concerned I have tried to make very clear the information
I am providing and have tried best to represent myself in this seminar.
Thanking you,
Krunal Patil
INDEX
() ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Piston & cylinder
1.2 Suction pipe
1.3 Suction valve
1.4 Delivery pipe
1.5 Delivery valve
1.6 Strainer
1.7 Crank
1.8 Connecting rod
1.9 Air vessel
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
page no.
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
7
7
10
11
Chapter 4
11
13
14
AIR VESSEL
4.1 What is Air vessel?
15
16
16
4.4 Working
16
17
CONCLUSION
18
19
1. Introduction
Reciprocating pump is a positive displacement pump. Here we will study
reciprocating pump with air vessel. It can be used for less discharge at higher
heads. Priming is not required because it is a positive displacement pump.
Reciprocating pump is used in pumping water in hilly areas. Reciprocating pumps
has lower efficiency compared to centrifugal pumps.
Following are the main parts of reciprocating pump.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
FIGURE 1
WORKING:
FIGURE 2
The working of reciprocating pump can be easily understood by above figure.
When starting the pump, the suction and discharge valves must be opened. It is
important that no valves in the discharge line are closed, otherwise either the
relief valve will lift or damage may occur to the pump when it is started.
The pump is self priming, but where possible to reduce wear or the risk of
seizure it should be flooded with liquid before starting. An electrically driven
pump only needs to be switched on, when it will run erratically for a short period
until liquid is drawn into the pump. A steam driven pump will require the usual
draining and warming through procedure before the steam is gradually admitted.
These pumps deliver a highly pulsed flow. If a smooth flow is required then the
discharge flow system has to include additional features such as accumulators. An
automatic relief valve set at a safe pressure is used on the discharge side of all
positive displacement pumps.
The performance of a pump is characterized by its net head h, which is defined
as the change in Bernoulli head between the suction side and the delivery side of
the pump. H is expressed in equivalent column height of water.
A piston pump can be based on a single piston or, more likely, multiple
parallel pistons. The pistons are reciprocated using cams or crankshafts. The
stroke is generally adjustable. This type of pump can deliver heads of up to 1000
bar. The largest sizes of piston pumps can deliver flows of 40m3 /hr. In practice
these pumps are more likely to be used for metering low flow rate fluids at more
modest pressures in laboratories and chemical process plants. Piston pumps are
not generally suitable for transferring toxic or explosive media.
There are two types of piston pump:
a) Single acting reciprocating pump
b) Double acting reciprocating pump.
FIGURE 3
Figure 1 is a typical layout of single-acting piston pump. The power end,
which consists of the crankshaft, connecting rod(s), crosshead(s) and other
components, is to the right. The liquid end, including the suction and discharge
manifolds, piston(s) and cylinder(s), suction and discharge check valves and the
fluid chamber, is to the left.
Its operation is similar to other piston machines (engines, compressors,
etc). During the suction stroke the upper discharge check valve closes and allows
the piston to draw fluid into the cylinder through the lower suction valve. When
the piston changes direction (reciprocates), the suction valve closes and the fluid
is forced out of the cylinder through the discharge valve. Like other piston-based
machines, the sealing rings move with the piston. Some piston pumps use a
different valve design that allows water to enter the rear of the cylinder during
the discharge stroke. During the back stroke it is transferred to the front side of
the piston via a check valve and is forced out during the discharge stroke. The
single acting pump discharges water only on its forward stroke.
FIGURE 4
Diaphragm pump:
FIGURE 5
There are three main types of diaphragm pumps:
Those in which the diaphragm is sealed with one side in the fluid to be
pumped, and the other in air or hydraulic fluid. The diaphragm is flexed,
causing the volume of the pump chamber to increase and decrease. A pair of
non-return check valve prevents reverse flow of the fluid.
Those employing volumetric positive displacement where the prime mover of
the diaphragm is electro-mechanical, working through a crank or geared motor
drive. This method flexes the diaphragm through simple mechanical action,
and one side of the diaphragm is open to air.
Those employing one or more unsealed diaphragms with the fluid to be
pumped on both sides. The diaphragm(s) again are flexed, causing the volume
to change.
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 7
Air operated diaphragm pumps (AOD) or Air-Driven Pumps are ideal
for moving sludge and slurries. Solids-laden fluids like sludge and slurry are
hard to move -- unless you're using an air operated diaphragm pump.
Air is driven into the bottom of the air cylinder, raising the piston
inside and lifting the diaphragm. As the diaphragm is raised, the check valve
ball on the intake side is lifted and liquid flows into the pump. When the
piston has risen to the top, the pump cavity is filled and the pump is ready
for discharge.
Compressed air is then forced into the top of the diaphragm
chamber, pushing the diaphragm down and evacuating the pump cavity.
The check-valve ball on the discharge side is lifted and the pump is ready
for the next cycle.
Because an air operated diaphragm has limited moving parts, there's
almost nothing to maintain or wear out. Rebuild costs are reduced and are
built for years of trouble-free operation.
4. AIR VESSEL:
FIGURE 8
Working:
The top half contains compressed air and lower half contains fluid being
pumped. Air and water are separated by a flexible diaphragm which is
movable as per difference of pressure between two fluids. Air vessel is
connected very near to the pump at nearly pump level. Without air vessel
frictional head increases and reaches a maximum value at mid stroke and
decreases to zero. With air vessel frictional head is constant throughout the
stroke.
3) Frictional head (
):
CONCLUSION
In this seminar I studied deeply about Reciprocating Pump and know their
working, types and construction. It is satisfactorily said that Reciprocating Pump
have many advantages but disadvantage to. It can be efficient in favorable
conditions.