C IM CU TO V NGUYN L LM VIC

CA MBA, MC, TU, TI

I/ c im cu to v nguyn l lm vic ca MBA
L mt thit b in t loi tnh, lm vic trn nguyn l cm ng in t, bin i
mt h thng dng in xoay chiu cp in p ny thnh mt h thng dng in xoay
chiu cp in p khc vi tn s khng thay i.
My bin p gm c hai hoc nhiu cun dy lin h nhau bi t thng mc vng.
Nu mt cun dy c t vo mt ngun in p xoay chiu ( gi l cun dy s cp), th
s c mt t thng sinh ra vi bin ph thuc vo in p s cp v s vng dy qun s
cp.
T thng ny s mc vng cc cun dy qun khc (dy qun th cp) v cm ng
trong dy qun th cp c mt sc in ng mi, c gi tr ph thuc vo s vng dy qun
th cp.
1/ Cc b phn chnh ca MBA: li st, dy qun, v my v cch in.
a. Li thp: dng lm mch dn t, ng thi lm khung qun dy qun. Thng
thng, gim tn hao do dng xoy sinh ra, li thp cu to gm cc l thp k thut
in (tole silic) dy 0,35mm ghp li i vi my bin p hot ng tn s vi trm Hertz.
Kiu tr (hay kiu li): dy qun bao quanh tr thp. Loi ny thng dng cho cc
my bin p mt pha v ba pha c cng sut nh v trung bnh.
Li thp c kt cu v lin kt chc chn vi v my v c tip t vi v.
b. Dy qun: lm nhim v tryn dn nng lng, thng bng ng hoc nhm.
Dy qun ng tm: tit din ngang l nhng vng trn ng tm. Dy qun h p
thng qun pha trong gn tr thp, cn dy qun cao p qun pha ngoi bc ly dy qun
h p.
Dy qun xen k: cc bnh dy ca dy qun cao p v h p qun xen k nhau dc
theo tr thp. Kiu dy qun ny dng cho dy qun kiu bc.
c. V my: gm 2 b phn: thng v np thng.
Thng my bin p: thng cu to bng thp, c hnh dng trn hay bu dc.
d. Du cch in: m bo tui th vn hnh phi tng cng lm mt my,
bng cch ngm my bin p trong thng ng y du.
C trang b hai b ht m cho du MBA v b OLTC, c van cn bng p sut
Loi h thng gin n du t do c trang b mng cao su chn gii hn tip xc
gia du v khng kh.
H thng cha du ca thn MBA v b OLTC c cch ly ring bit, c ng h
ch mc du cho tng ngn.
Trong my bin p, hai vt liu ng v thp l hai yu t nh hng ch yu n
tnh nng k thut, chi ph ch to v hnh dng kt cu ca my bin p .
V vy ngi ta a ra h s hnh dng l i lng biu th mi quan h tng quan gia
trng lng thp v trng lng ng trong my bin p.
=

d12
l

d12: ng knh trung bnh vng cch in gia cun cao v h.

l: chiu cao cun dy
2/ Cc tiu chun ch to v th nghim: vic kim tra, lp t v th nghim MBA
c da theo cc tiu chun ch to ca nh sn xut
cng bi hun nng bc cng nhn

-1-

3/ iu kin lm vic: MBA c thit k, ch to lp t v vn hnh theo cc iu

cc iu kin sau
- cao so vi mc nc bin
- Nhit mi trng ti a
- Nhit mi trng trung bnh
- m cc i
- Kh hu
4/ Cc thng s k thut chnh:
a.Cng sut nh mc Sm
Cng sut ton phn (hay biu kin) a ra dy qun th cp ca my bin p. n
v tnh bng KVA hoc VA.
b. in p dy s cp nh mc U1m
L in p ca dy qun s cp. n v tnh bng KV hoc V
c. in p dy th cp nh mc U2m
L in p dy ca dy qun th cp khi my bin p khng ti v in p t vo
dy qun s cp l nh mc. n v tnh bng KV hoc V.
d. Dng in dy nh mc s cp (I1m) v th cp (I2m)
L nhng dng in dy ca dy qun s cp v th cp ng dng vi cng sut v
in p nh mc. n v tnh bng Ampe hay KA.
i vi MBA 1 pha: I 1dm =
i vi MBA 3 pha: I 1dm =

S dm
U 1dm

I 2 dm =

S dm

S dm
U 2 dm

I 2 dm =

3U 1dm

S dm
3U 2 dm

e.Tn s inh mc
f. T ni dy
g. Mc cch in
h. Kiu lm mt
j. Gii hn tng nhit
k. Tn hao khng ti (Po): Tn hao khng ti P0 ca my bin p bao gm cc tn
hao li thp PFe v tn hao phn ng trong dy qun s cp PCu1.
Tn hao thp PFe, thng thng khong 0,1% n 0,2% ca tng cng sut MBA, bao
gm: tn hao do t tr Ph, t l vi tn s t ha f v t l bnh phng vi cm ng t B 2,
v tn h ao do dng xoy Px, t l vi bnh phng tn s f2 v bnh phng cm ng t B2.
Thc t tnh ton, c th s dng biu thc sau:
1, 3

PFe

f
= Ph + Px = P1, 0 / 50 B mk
50
k
2
k

Vi P1,0/50(W/kg): sut tn hao ca li thp tn s t ha f = 50Hz vi cm ng t l

1,0 Tesla.
Mk: khi lng ca li thp on k (kg).
B: cm ng t ca li thp on k (Tesla)
Tn hao ng Pcu1: Pcu1 = r1I02
P0 l cng sut tn hao khng ti o c khi lm th nghim khng ti my bin p,
t in p nh mc vo dy qun s cp, th cp h mch. ch khng ti cng sut
a ra pha th cp bng 0, song my vn tiu th cng sut P 0, cng sut P0 gm cng sut
tn hao st t trong li thp v cng sut tn hao trn in tr dy qun s cp tng ng
cng bi hun nng bc cng nhn

-2-

vi dng in khng ti. V dng in khng ti nh cho nn c th b qua cng sut tn

hao trn in tr s cp v coi nh P0 l cng sut tn hao st t trong li thp my bin p.
l. Tn hao c ti
z. in p ngn mch (Un): Un l in p ngn mch o c trong th nghim
ngn mch, thng c tnh theo phn trm ca in p s cp nh mc:
Un% =

Un
100%
U 1dm

Lc ngn mch in p thc cp U2 = 0 do in p ngn mch Un l in p ri trn tng

tr dy qun
Gi tr hiu dng ca sc in ng e1 s l:
E1 =

E1m
2

fN 1 m = 4,44 fN 1 m

Tng ng, gi tr hiu dng ca sc in ng e2 dy qun th cp l:

E2 =

E2m
2

fN 2 m = 4,44 fN 2 m

Ngoi ra MBA cn c nhng thng s k thut c bn khc.

5/ Nguyn l lm vic ca MBA

U1
U2

I1

U2

U1
n1

n2

dn1
l sut in ng t cm
dt
dn 2
e1 = l sut in ng h cm
dt

e1 = -

e1, e2 gi chung l sut in ng cm ng

ln: E1 =
E2 =

Em
2
Em
2

H s bin i: K =

= 4.44n1f m
= 4.44n2f m
n1
E1
=
n2
E2

cng bi hun nng bc cng nhn

-3-

I2
ZTai

- Xt s nguyn l MBA 1 pha gm dy qun th nht c s vng dy n 1 c ni vo

ngun in, dy qun th hai c s vng dy n2 ni vi ph ti. khi ni n1 vo ngun in
xoay chiu th trong c dng in i1. V i1 bin thin nn t thng do n sinh ra cng bin
thin v mc vng qua c hai cun dy to nn cc sut in ng cm ng e1 v e2. S e2
sinh ra dng in I2 a in nng ra cung cp cho ph ti. Nh vy dng in xoay chiu
c truyn t cun n1 n cun n2 ra ph ti, dy qun n1 nhn in t ngun nn gi l
cun s cp, dy qun n2 ni vi ph ti a in nng ra gi l dy qun th cpGi
thit t thng bin thin theo quy lut hnh sin i vi thi:
= m Sint
d
d (m sin t )

dt
dt
Ta c e1 = - n1
= n1m sin (t - 2 )
= - n1
d
d (m sin t )

dt
e1 = - n2
=
n

sin
(t
= - n2
2
m
2 )
dt
trong E1 =
E1 =

n1m
2

n 2m
2

= 4.44fn1m
= 4.44fn2m

e1 =

E1 Sin( t -

e2 =

E2 Sin( t -

2
2

)
)

ln ca cc s t l vi s vng dy vi tng s v t thng. Cc sut in ng chm

pha sau t thng mt gc 90o
Nh vy, c th nh ngha MBA l mt thit b in t ng yn lm vic theo nguyn
l cm ng in t bin i mt h thng dng in xoay chiu cp in p ny thnh mt
h thng dng in xoay chiu cp in p khc vi cng tn s.
+ Ky hieu cac loai :
- Ky hieu A, B, C : ch cac au au cua cuon day s cap .
- Ky hieu X, Y, Z : ch cac au cuoi cua cuon day s cap .
- Ky hieu a, b, c : ch cac au au cua cuon day th cap .
- Ky hieu x, y, z : ch cac au cuoi cua cuon day th cap .
- : ch cuon day au tam giac; Y : ch cuon day au hnh sao

MBA hai cuon day

MBA ba cuon day

MBA t ngau

III/ c im cu to MC
1/ Khi nim MC in: MC l thit b dng ng, ct mch in khi c
dng ph ti v c khi c dng ngn mch m khng gy ra h hi g cho con ngi
v cho thit b. Yu cu phi ng ct nhanh, khi ng ct khng gy chy, n.
- Cc thng s chnh ca MC in:
cng bi hun nng bc cng nhn

-4-

+ Um : in p lm vic nh mc ca MC (kV)
+ Im : dng in nh mc ca MC (A)
+ Ict m : Dng in ct nh mc ca MC (kA)
+ fm : Tn s nh mc (Hz)
2/ Cu to v nguyn l lm vic ca my ct in dp h quang bng kh
SF6
-

Cu to: c ch to mi pha mt ch ct (vi cp in p 220kV),

bung dp h quang c b tr rong mt ct s, np kh SF6 t 3.5 8
bar, trong dt tip im chnh, tip im chu h quang ca phn c
nh v phn ng, phn tip im ng c ni vi thanh truyn bng
php cch in, c a ra bn ngoi lin kt vi h thng truyn ng
bn ngoi bng cc khp ni, tay n. C cu truyn ng thng s dng
truyn ng bng kh nn hc l xo

B TRUYN NG CA MY CT KH
SF6

L xo
ng

L xo ct

Ca
m

Trc
chnh

Cht
m

Motor
truyn
ng

Cht
chn
cng bi hun nng bc cng nhn

-5-

B chng
rung

Nguyn l lm vic: Khi my ct ct, p sut to ra bi vic nn kh SF6 do

s chuyn ng ca tip ng trn tip im tnh cng vi p sut to ra do
h quang in s lm dch chuyn h quang trong kh SF6 khin h quang
b dp tt d dng
3/ Cu to v nguyn l lm vic ca MC in dp h quang bng chn
khng
- Cu to: Loi MC ny thng c cu to ri tng pha, tip im ng v
tnh mi pha c t bn trong mt bung dp h quang trong mi trng
chn khng, c hn kn to thnh tng n v bung dp h quang c
lp, cc bung dp ny c th tho lp thay th d dng
- Nguyn l hot ng: Khi MC ct ra, h quang pht sinh ra chy trong mi
trng chn khng c bn in cao nn d dng t dp tt
4/ Cu to v nguyn l lm vic ca my ct in dp h quang bng
khng kh nn
- Cu to: Loi MC ny c cau to rt khc nhau, ty thuc vo in p
nh mc, khong cch cch in gia cc u tip xc v tr ct, cch
thi khng kh vo bung dp h quang. Vi MC c dng nh mc ln,
thng c mch chnh v mch dp h quang. Mch chnh quyt nh
dng nh mc ca MC, gm u tip xc MC chnh, mch dp h quang
gm hai bung dp h quang, cc in tr shunt nm ngay trn s , b
cch ly, khi MC ng c hai mch u ng nhng dng ch yu qua
mch chnh v in tr ca n b hn, khng kh nn c cung cp t h
thng bm kh nn v bn cha
- Nguyn l lm vic: khi MC ct, di tc dng ca phn truyn ng, u
tip xc chnh m, lc dng hon ton i qua u tip xc trong bung
dp h quang,k u tip xc m ra, h quang xut hin, ng thi kh
nn t bnh cha kh thi vo bung dp h quang to thnh lung kh
mnh dp tt h quang, lc ny dng in b gim nhiu do phi qua in
-

cng bi hun nng bc cng nhn

-6-

tr Shunt, to iu kin d dng dp tt cc h quang cn li, Sau khi h

quang b dp tt hon ton, di tc dng ca b truyn ng, b cch ly
m ra, khi cch ly m kh nn s ngng cung cp, cc u tip xc di
tc dng ca lc l xo s tr v v tr ng, ton b thi gian ct ca MC
ct ny khong 0.10s-0.17s.
IV/ Cu to v nguyn l lm vic ca TU
1/ Khi nim my bin in p: My bin in p l mt thit b c tc dng
cch li phn s cp vi th cp, nhim v bin i in p li t tr s cao xung
tr s thp, cung cp cho cc thit b o lng, bo v ,t ng. Thng cng sut ti
ca TU rt b, ng thi tng tr mch ngoi rt ln nn c th xem nh TU lm
vic khng ti.
2/ Cu to v nguyn l lm vic ca TU kiu t
- Cu to: Gm hai b t mc ni tip, u trc tip vo li cao p, 1 cun
dy s cp u song song vi t chu p thp t 10 15kV cun th cp
qun cng mch t vi cun s cp s cung cp in p ra thch hp theo
yu cu. in p th cp khng thay i theo ph ti, ngi ta mc ni
tip vi cun s cp mt khng in v b chng nhiu.

cng bi hun nng bc cng nhn

-7-

- Cc thng s c bn ca TU:
- Hiu
- Loi
- Nm sn xut
- Nc sn xut
- Cng sut nh mc
- Tn s nh mc
- Cht cch in
- in dung ca t in
- Trng lng

T s bin i in p nh mc:
U 1m

Km = U
2 m

vi

U 1m :in p s

cp nh mc

U 2 m :in p th cp nh mc

Sai s in p U%
U% =

K mU 2 U 1
x 100%
U1

Cp chnh xc: L sai s ln nht v tr s in p khi n lm vic trong iu kin:

+ f = 50HZ
+ U1 = 0.91.1Um
+ Ph ti th cp thay i t 0.25 n nh mc
+ Cos = 0.8
Cp chnh xc c ch to theo 1 trong cc mc sau: 0.2; 0.5; 1.0 v 3.0
Ph ti ca TU: L cng sut biu kin mch th cp vi gi thit in p th cp
l nh mc
- Nguyn l lm vic ca TU: TU kiu t dng b phn p bng t ly mt phn
in p cao (thng t 10 15kV) a vo cun s cp v in p ra ly trn cun th cp
cung cp cho thit b o lng.

V/ Cu to v nguyn l lm vic ca CT
1/ Khi nim my bin dng in: CT l thit b c tc dng cch li phn s
cp v th cp, c nhim v bin i dng in t tr s ln xung tr s nh hn
cung cp cho cc dng c o lng, bo v, t ng...Thng CT c dng nh mc
pha th cp l 1; 5 hoc 10A
2/ Cu to v nguyn l lm vic ca CT
cng bi hun nng bc cng nhn

-8-

Cu to: Gm mt mch t trn qun cun dy s cp(thng ch 1 vi

vng dy) ni tip vi mch in cao th, v mt hay vi cun dy th cp
ly tn hiu ra cung cp cho cc thit b o lng, bo v... Ton b
c c sn bng vt liu cch in (vi cp in p 66kV) hoc c
t c nh trong cc ng s cch in cha y du cch in (c in p
> 66kV).
- Cc thng s c bn ca CT:
-

- Hiu
- Loi
- Nm sn xut
- Nc sn xut
- in p nh mc
- Dng in nh mc
- Dng in n nh nhit
- Cng sut nh mc
- Tn s nh mc
- Cht cch in
- Trng lng

T s bin i dng in nh mc:

I 1m

Km = I
2 m

vi

I 1m :Dng in s cp nh mc
I 2 m :Dng in

Sai s ca CT
Sai s v gi tr:
I% =

th cp nh mc

K m I 2 I 1
x 100%
I1

Sai s gc: L gc lch pha gia dng in s cp v th cp ca CT

Cp chnh xc: L sai s ln nht v gi tr dng in khi CT lm vic trong iu kin:
+ f = 50HZ
+ Ph ti th cp bin thin t 0.25 n nh mc
+ Dng s cp bin thin t 100% n 120%Im
Ph ti ca CT: L cng sut biu kin mch th cp vi gi thit dng in th cp
l nh mc
S = ZI 2 2m
vi Z: Tng tr mch ngoi ca CT
- Nguyn l lm vic: Da trn hin tng cm ng in t, thng qua mch

t li thp bin i dng in ln pha cao p sang dng in nh cung cp

cho cc ph ti th cp. Tng tr mch ngoi ca CT rt b nn c th xem
CT lun lm vic trong tnh trng ngn mch.
V/ Cch c s nguyn l bo v rle
1/ Rle bo v ng dy 110kV gm c:
a. Bo v chnh: c tch hp cc chc nng bo v 21/21N; 67/67N;
50/51; 50/51N, 50BF, 74
- Rle 21//21N; 67/67N tn hiu p c ly t VT thanh ci, tn hiu dng c ly
t CT ri u vo MC ng dy.
cng bi hun nng bc cng nhn

-9-

b. Bo v d phng: c tch hp cc chc nng bo v 67/67N, 50/51,

50/51N, 79/25, 74
- Rle 79/25, 27/59 tn hiu p c ly t VT ng dy
2/ Rle bo v MBA gm c:
a. Bo v chnh: c tch hp cc chc nng bo v 87T, 49, 50/51,
50/51N tn hiu dng in oc ly t my bin dng ngn my ct u
vo cc pha MBA.
b. Bo v d phng cho cun dy 110kV: oc tch hp cc chc nng bo
v 67/67N, 50/51, 50/51N, 50BBBF, 74 tn hiu dng c ly t my
bin dng chn s 110kV ca MBA, tn hiu p c ly t my bin
in p thanh ci 110kV
c. Bo v d phng cho cun dy trung p 1: c tch hp cc chc nng
bo v 50/51, 50/51N, 50BF, 74 tn hiu dng in c ly t my bin
dng chn s cun trung p 1 ca MBA.
d. Bo v d phng cho cun dy trung p 2: c tch hp cc chc nng
bo v 50/51, 50/51N/51G, 50BF, 74 tn hiu dng oc ly t bin dng
chn s cun trung p 2 ca MBA
3/ Rle bo v cc xut tuyn 22kV gm c: c tch hp cc chc nng bo
v 50/51, 50/51N, 50BF, 74, 81, 79 tn hiu dng c ly t my bin dng pht
tuyn 22kV.

cng bi hun nng bc cng nhn

- 10 -