29

CIVIL RIGHTS AND THE CRISIS OF LIBERALISM

REVIEW AND TEST QUESTIONS
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What finally pushed the Kennedy administration to commit to federal legislation to end segregation and
protect voting rights?
a. the rulings of the Warren Court
b. the riots in Northern cities
c. the bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama
d. the violent repression of a non-violent demonstration in Birmingham, Alabama
2. The case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka concerned:
a. prayers in public schools.
b. federal aid to education.
c. racial segregation in public schools.
d. rights of the accused
3. Martin Luther King Jr. rose to leadership in the civil rights movement during the 1950s. His strategies,
different from the recent past, would become the primary techniques of the Civil Rights movement into
the 1960s. What is the most accurate summary of this transition in the movement?
a. Direct and often violent confrontation replaced nonviolent passive resistance.
b. Kings rhetorical skills on TV rather than organized action caught the nations attention.
c. King appealed directly to President Eisenhower to lend his support to efforts to speed up
desegregation.
d. Kings proposed non-violent confrontation rather than the NAACPs strategy of legal
challenges to segregation in the courts.
4. The Civil Rights Act of 1964, according to your text, marked one of the great moments in the history of
American reform. It did all of the following EXCEPT:
a. required that persons accused of crimes be informed of their rights and allowed to consult
a lawyer.
b. banned discrimination in public facilities.
c. banned discrimination in employment.
c. protected the right to vote.
5. The Economic Opportunity Act, according to your text, was the most sweeping social welfare bill since
the New Deal. Its provisions included all EXCEPT:
a. the Job Corps.
b. the Peace Corps.
c. development loans to rural families and urban businesses.
d. a billion dollars for a new Office of Economic Opportunity.
6. All of the following were elements of Johnsons Great Society programs, EXCEPT:
a. a health insurance program for the elderly.
b. an anti-poverty program.
c. an aid program for education.
d. a funding program to return tax revenues to states.
7. The Immigration Act of 1965:
a. extended the national origins quota system.
b. abolished the national origins quota system.
c. ended all immigration from Asia.
d. lifted all restrictions on immigration from Latin America.

8. What happened to fashion in the 1960s?

a. Due to new, cheaper fabrics, working-class people could mimic the dress of the rich.
b. During the initial stages of the Vietnam War, military-style outfits became popular, but then
oriental styles took precedence as the war became unpopular.
c. Dress became a symbol of individuality, as youth strove to dress as differently from each other
as possible.
d. Nonconformist costumes of the counterculture became standardized symbols of rebellion,
but then were adopted as mainstream modes of dress.
9. One of the key concepts articulated in the Port Huron Statement of the Students for a Democratic
Society was:
a. bureaucratic efficiency.
b. participatory democracy.
c. Marxist ideological purity.
d. personal moral autonomy.
10. In which place, in 1969, did all the positive forces of the counterculture come together to celebrate
peace, love, and freedom?
a. Monterey
b. Altamont
c. Chicago
d. Woodstock
11. Which of the following civil rights organizations effectively used the nations judicial system to
implement lasting change in America?
a. NAACP
b. SNCC
c. CORE
d. Black Panthers
12. For the Kennedy administration, which of the following presented the most divisive issue that it had to
face?
a. the War in Vietnam
b. the Civil Rights Movement
c. class divisions in America
d. labor union activism
13. Supreme Court decisions designed to protect the rights of citizens who had been accused but not yet
convicted of a crime were intended to benefit which group in society?
a. no group in particular.
b. the poor
c. immigrants
d. African Americans

COMPLETION
1.

The liberal chief justice of the Supreme Court during the 1960s was [Earl Warren].

2.

Kennedy persuaded civil rights leaders to use their 1963 march in the city of [Washington, D.C.] to
pressure Congress to support the Presidents civil rights bill.

3.

I Have a Dream, the great landmark speech of the civil rights movement, was delivered from the
Lincoln Memorial in 1963 by [Martin Luther King Jr.].

4.

[Stokely Carmichael] was the leader of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee who
paradoxically rejected peaceful protest in favor of militancy and even violence in the 1960s.

5.

An early protest effort, known as the [free-speech campaign], gave the University of California at
Berkeley its reputation as a center of campus protest.

6.

The Supreme Court in 1954 ruled [segregation in public schools] unconstitutional.

7.

After World War II, the NAACP used [lawsuits or court action] as its primary strategy to advance civil
rights for African Americans.

8.

Martin Luther King Jr. gained fame in the mid-1950s as the leader of [a bus boycott] in Montgomery,
Alabama.

9.

The first big test for desegregation came in the city of [Little Rock, Arkansas], where President
Eisenhower federalized the state National Guard when the Governor defied the court ruling.

30THE VIETNAM ERA

1. A group of typical U.S. soldiers in Vietnam would include all EXCEPT:
a. young men.
b. draftees.
c. poorly educated Americans.
d. black or Hispanic Americans.
2. In a war with uncertain goalsto escalate until the other side negotiated a settlementwhat became the
measure of U.S. military success?
a. bombing damage assessments
b. body counts
c. territory occupied by U.S. or South Vietnam forces
d. opinion polls showing how many South Vietnamese supported their government
3. The Gulf of Tonkin resolution, as passed by:
a. the Congress, authorized President Johnson to take any measure needed to repel attacks
on U.S. forces.
b. the Congress, blocked further commitment of U.S. ground troops without Congressional
approval.
c. the U.N. Security Council, called for both U.S. and North Vietnamese forces to withdraw from
South Vietnam.
d. the U.N. General Assembly, condemned U.S. aggression against the people of Vietnam.
4. Why couldnt Americas superior technology prevail in Vietnam?
a. Technology did not distinguish friend from foe.
b. The U.S. never exploited its technological advantages.
c. The Vietnamese peasants were more influenced by the terrorist attacks of the Vietcong than the
incomprehensible machines of the Americans.
d. Politicians and the media refused to let the military use its technology effectively.
5. Which group was most likely to support the war?
a. blue-collar workers
b. teach-in participants
c. Students for a Democratic Society
d. SNCC and CORE
6. Why did President Kennedy push the space program?
a. It would be for him a public relations gold mine.
b. It would be for him a giant pork barrel to pay back his political supporters.
c. If the race for space were lost, domestic reform might be lost.
d. If the race for space were lost, the Cold War might be lost.
7. The most dramatic convert from supporter to opponent of the Vietnam War was:
a. the Secretary of Defense, Robert McNamara.
b. the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Earl Wheeler.
c. the commander of American forces in Vietnam, William Westmoreland.
d. the U.S. ambassador to South Vietnam, Ellsworth Bunker.

8. For America, it was a great failure of foreign intelligence, a great tactical military success, and a great
political defeat. It was:
a. the Democratic convention of 1968.
b. the War on Poverty.
c. the Tet offensive.
d. the theory of escalation.
9. All of the following traumas occurred in 1968 EXCEPT:
a. the first big urban race riot in Watts.
b. the assassinations of Robert Kennedy and Martin Luther King.
c. confrontation in the streets during the Democratic convention.
d. the Tet offensive in Vietnam.
10. The village of My Lai was the site of:
a. the largest battle of the Tet offensive.
b. a U.S. massacre of Vietnamese civilians.
c. a North Vietnamese harbor mined by the U.S.
d. a Marine barracks bombed by the Vietcong.
11. Who was NOT a Presidential candidate in the election of November 1968?
a. Lyndon Johnson
b. Richard Nixon
c. George Wallace
d. Hubert Humphrey
12. Richard Nixon in 1968 campaigned on a platform:
a. endorsing protest and permissiveness.
b. promoting law and order.
c. attacking liberals, intellectuals, and long-hairs.
d. promising immediate negotiations to end the war.
13. What key segment of the American electorate did both George Wallace and Richard Nixon try to
attract?
a. individualistic-minded westerners
b. the unemployed
c. senior citizens
d. the white working class
14. The Nixon-Kissinger team:
a. shared a global vision for a U.S. foreign policy with scaled-back commitments overseas.
b. paired a traditional small-town conservative with a troubled and profane easterner.
c. showed how effective an active vice-president could be.
d. brought little foreign affairs expertise to the White House.
15. The term Vietnamization referred to the policy of:
a. shifting the burden of actual combat to the South Vietnamese.
b. training United States troops in the Nine Rules for understanding Vietnamese culture.
c. shifting U.S. military operations from conventional tactics to guerrilla-type combat like the Viet
Cong.
d. countering anti-war propaganda with a campaign to tell the real story in Vietnam.
16. President Nixons carrot-and-stick plan to end the war in Vietnam included all EXCEPT:
a. hard-line negotiations with North Vietnam.
b. shifting the burden of actual combat to the South Vietnamese.
c. a swift, short invasion of North Vietnam.
d. a swift, short invasion of Cambodia.

17. The Nixon Doctrine proclaimed:

a. Vietnamization.
b. a new Wilsonian internationalism.
c. that the U.S. would deepen its involvement in other parts of the world once out of Vietnam.
d. that the U. S. would expect its allies to share the burden of preserving world peace and
order.
18. What is the word that describes Americas new relationship with China and the Soviet Union, as
fostered by Nixon and Kissinger?
a. confrontation
b. divide and conquer
c. detente
d. SALT
19. Richard Nixon is best described as:
a. an extremist, who deliberately and scornfully criticized hippies and anti-war protesters.
b. an ideologue, whose rigidly anti-Communist instincts led him to stand firm against the Soviets.
c. a cold war liberal, committed equally to containment of Communism abroad and an active
federal welfare program at home.
d. a pragmatist, who deviated from his own earlier positions in both foreign and domestic
policy.
20. Who in the 1950s did NOT support helping Indians to end their confinement on reservations and move
into the urban mainstream?
a. liberals seeking to free Indians from reservations
b. conservatives seeking to roll back New Deal programs
c. western politicians seeking access to reservation resources
d. full-blood Indians seeking to preserve tribal culture
21. Why did Hispanics and Indians have less success than blacks in creating unified movements?
a. Neither group had the leadership enjoyed by the African-American civil rights organizations.
b. The white backlash discouraged activism by other racial and ethnic minorities.
c. Latino and native groups preferred to identify with their particular national or tribal
heritage.
d. Neither group faced prejudice and discrimination the way blacks did.
22. How did U.S. involvement in the Vietnam war finally end?
a. with the unilateral withdrawal of U.S. troops
b. with the negotiated withdrawal of U.S. troops according to a treaty with North Vietnam
c. with the negotiated withdrawal of U.S. troops according to a treaty with South Vietnam
d. with an international peace conference after the defeat of a large U.S. force
23. Which of the following Supreme Court decisions struck down 46 state laws that restricted a womans
access to abortion?
a. Plessy v. Ferguson
b. Roe v. Wade
c. Jones v. Schafly
d. Steinam v. United States

COMPLETION
1.

Ho Chi Minh became a communist after his petition was ignored by world leaders at the [Versailles
or Paris or WWI] peace conference.

2.

Levels of American troops in Vietnam rose gradually under a conscious strategydubbed

[escalation] by its architectsdesigned to apply increasing pressure on North Vietnam.

3.

Rolling Thunder was the code name of a military operation engaged in [bombing North Vietnam];
it neither stabilized South Vietnam nor substantially stopped supplies from flowing from the North.

4.

A South Vietnamese communist was known by the label [Viet Cong].

5.

The war at homethe debate over the war in Vietnamwas centered in a particular kind of
place: [college campuses].

6.

[George Wallace] was the third-party candidate in 1968 who opposed civil rights and integration.

7.

Richard Nixon proclaimed that he represented not some small, noisy protest group, but rather [the
silent majority].

8.

Cesar Chavez gained prominence through his efforts to organize [migrant farm] workers into a
union.

9.

Nixons strategy for winding down U.S. involvement in Vietnam, known as [Vietnamization],
attempted to shift the burden of actual combat to the South Vietnamese.

10.

The Nixon and Kissinger tactic of playing the China card referred to an effort to influence the
nation of [the Soviet Union] by improving diplomatic relations between the U.S. and China.

31
THE AGE OF LIMITS
1. Pundit Tom Wolfe described Americans of the 1970s as:
a. the Me Generation.
b. the Lost Generation.
c. the New Left.
d. the New Right.
2. In the 1970s, the reform impulses from the 1960s fragmented or degenerated. But your text notes that
the idea of restructuring society survived in certain areas, including all EXCEPT:
a. increasing reliance on foreign oil.
b. improving the quality of the environment.
c. achieving equal rights for women.
d. forcing business to produce safer products that were advertised more responsibly.
3. All of the following accurately describe the troubled economy during the 1970s EXCEPT:
a. American leadership in heavy industry, especially in automobile manufacturing, suffered from
management and labor inefficiencies as well as foreign competition.
b. hardest hit were the older industrial cities of the Northeast and Midwest.
c. economic trends changed from high inflation and high unemployment to the opposite.
d. political, economic, and environmental crises undermined the American faith in limitless
growth and technological solutions.
4. Opposition to environmental reform reflected:
a. conflict between racial and ethnic groups.
b. conflict between social classes.
c. hostility toward Ralph Nader and NOW.
d. hostility toward Richard Nixon and the federal government.
5. Broad changes in society were evident by the 1970s. What is NOT an accurate statement of one of these?
a. Nearly half of adult women were employed outside the home.
b. The activist, reform spirit of the 1960s had disappeared amid a sick economy.
c. The prevalence of prepared and fast foods indicated a decline both in healthy diets and in the
family meal as a social occasion.
d. The Supreme Court overturned state laws banning abortion.

6. The Supreme Court in the 1970s, under new Chief Justice Warren Burger, actually continued and
extended the support of social reform that had been a hallmark of the Court under Chief Justice Earl
Warren in the 1950s and 1960s. Of the following liberal rulings handed down in the last 30 years,
which came from the Burger Court rather than the Warren Court?
a. increase in the rights of criminal suspects and defendants
b. reapportionment of state legislatures to curb over-representation of rural areas
c. the striking down of state laws banning abortions
d. a ban on prescribed prayers in public schools
7. The 1960s are remembered as a decade of crisis. But your text stresses that the 1970s were also a time of
a crisis of confidence regarding the future in general and American government in particular. What
during the Nixon years was most important in initiating this crisis of authority?
a. political scandal and economic stagflation
b. the Presidents personal style and the petty politics of the Congress
c. defeat in Vietnam and the end of the space program
d. Supreme Court rulings and bureaucratic ineffectiveness in the executive branch
8. How do impoundment and the War Powers Act illustrate political struggles of the early 1970s?
a. Impoundment was an administration attempt to evade the will of Congress; the Act was a
congressional attempt to limit presidential power.
b. Both reflect U.S. efforts to respond to overseas threats to American vital interests.
c. Both were passed in response to Watergate.
d. Impoundment, a program run by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, was outlawed through the
efforts of environmental groups.
9. Supposedly, the purpose for establishing the special group of White House employees known as the
plumbers was:
a. to gather secret information on political opponents.
b. to supervise Nixons reelection campaign.
c. to stop leaks of government secrets to the press.
d. to launder illegal campaign contributions.
10. As a result of the Watergate scandal, President Richard Nixon was forced to resign. But a separate
scandal had earlier forced the resignation of another high government official. Who?
a. a famous Senator
b. a high-ranking Nixon aide
c. the Secretary of Defense
d. the Vice-President
11. The most dramatic consequence of the Middle East (Yom Kippur) War in 1973 was:
a. a shift in U.S. Middle East policy from neutral to pro-Israel.
b. an Arab oil embargo.
c. Israeli occupation of Egyptian, Jordanian, Syrian, and Lebanese territories.
d. overwhelming Jewish support for Nixon in the 1972 election.
12. What act of President Ford led to a quick end to his honeymoon with Congress and the American
people?
a. manipulations of the CIA and FBI
b. a pardon of former President Nixon
c. imposition of wage and price controls
d. signing a treaty returning the canal to Panama
13. For Jimmy Carter, what was the moral equivalent of war?
a. energy conservation
b. beating inflation
c. reducing human rights violations
d. rescuing the hostages in Iran

14. The Carter administrations search for direction ran afoul of the conflict in views between Secretary
of State Cyrus Vance, who advocated ____________, and National Security Advisor Zbigniew
Brzezinski, who believed in ____________.
a. pursuing dtente; continuing containment
b. an active role in the Middle East; a focus on relations with the U.S.S.R.
c. the projection of American power abroad; rebuilding the American economy at home
d. a new strategic arms treaty; a Panama Canal Treaty
15. Carters idealism conformed to Kissingers realism in one key sense: Carter recognized that the U.S.
should exercise:
a. intervention, not isolation.
b. leadership, not hegemony.
c. its influence in the Americas, not in Asia.
d. its influence in the Middle East, not in Europe.
16. Significant features of U.S. foreign policy in Carters early years included all EXCEPT:
a. repudiating the SALT process.
b. signing a treaty to return the Canal Zone to Panama.
c. using economic pressure to promote human rights in other countries.
d. facilitating an agreement between Israel and Egypt.
17. One of the reasons Carter opposed the rebel government in Nicaragua was:
a. its confiscation of American property.
b. its overthrow of a popular, democratically elected government.
c. its support for El Salvadors repressive right-wing government.
d. worry about the inroads of communism in the region.
18. In November 1979, Iranian militants took over the United States embassy in Teheran and held hostage
53 embassy personnel for more than a year. What provoked their action was the fact that the United
States:
a. refused to recognize the new Khomeini regime in Iran.
b. began supporting Iraq in its war against Iran.
c. attempted to restore the pro-American Shah to power in Iran.
d. allowed the exiled ex-Shah of Iran to enter the United States.
19. The 1980 Carter Doctrine was a response to a sharp jump in the price of Middle Eastern oil
accompanying violent upheavals in Iran and Afghanistan. What did it assert?
a. That the U.S. would aid free peoples defending themselves against communist insurgencies.
b. That the U.S. would help our allies resist aggressionbut with supplies and financial
support, not American troops.
c. That the U.S. would protect Persian Gulf oil supplies against any Soviet takeover.
d. That the U.S. would intervene militarily if outside forces invaded Israel.

COMPLETION
1.

Pundit Tom Wolfe described Americans of the 1970s as the [Me] Generation.

2.

In the early 1960s, the book Unsafe at Any Speed by [Ralph Nader] launched the consumer
movement.

3.

In the early 1960s, the book Silent Spring by [Rachel Carson] launched the environmental
movement.

4.

Leadership of the consumer movement was largely drawn from the [upper-middle or professional]
class of American society.

5.

The site of the 1972 break-in at the Democratic party headquarters, [Watergate] became the label for
the scandals of the Nixon administration.

6.

Richard Nixons presidency ended with his [resignation].

7.

Never elected in a national campaign, [Gerald Ford] was appointed Vice-President, then succeeded
to the Presidency.

8.

The most significant and persistent economic problem throughout the 1970s was [inflation].

9.

The Federal Reserve tried, unsuccessfully, to combat the inflationary price spiral by [raising interest
rates].

10.

[Henry Kissinger] wielded great influence under two presidents as National Security advisor and
later Secretary of State.

11.

The Camp David accords, facilitated by President Jimmy Carter, were a significant breakthrough in
moving toward peace in the troubled region of [the Middle East].

12.

In 1979 and 1980, Americans were held hostage for months in their own embassy in [Teheran or
Iran].

32
THE CONSERVATIVE CHALLENGE
1. The word that describes a diverse group of conservative Protestant Christians, who in the late 1970s
became noticeably influential as political and social activists, is:
a. extremists.
b. evangelicals.
c. Republicans.
d. Pentecostals.
2. Conservatives in the late 1970s and 1980s criticized many trends in American culture. Ironically, one of
their targets was also a key to their success. This was:
a. the Congress.
b. the Supreme Court.
c. professional sports.
d. television.
3. Evangelical Protestants and conservative Catholics generally agreed on all of the following issues
EXCEPT:
a. federal aid to religious schools.
b. opposition to abortion.
c. political participation by the clergy.
d. that the AIDS disease might be understood as the consequences of immorality.
4. Demonstrating a desire to curb the power of organized labor, the Reagan administration took a hard line
against an illegal strike by:
a. the Teamsters.
b. air traffic controllers.
c. FBI agents.
d. the Labor Department.
5. Conservative Protestants (evangelicals) shared with conservative Catholics certain concerns about
trends in American society. Which is NOT an accurate statement of beliefs they held in common?
a. Non-public, religious-oriented schools provide a more morally acceptable education than the
increasingly secular public schools.
b. Mass entertainment promotes permissive social behavior and a liberal political agenda.
c. A major moral failure of contemporary society is the persistence of racism.
d. Abortion should be legally restricted because it amounts to killing an unborn human being.

6. The text points out that, ironically, Ronald Reagan tried to strengthen the power and prestige of the
presidential office for what purpose?
a. to rein in an out-of-control Congress
b. to counterbalance Supreme Court activism
c. to model morality and integrity in government
d. to weaken the role and reach of government
7. Ronald Reagan came into office in 1981 with a threefold agenda, according to your text, including all
EXCEPT:
a. cut taxes to stimulate investment.
b. curb inflation by permitting higher unemployment.
c. reduce the power and activism of the presidency.
d. increase the power and capabilities of the military.
8. What is meant by supply-side economicsthe new Reagan approach to economic policy in the early
1980s?
a. the attempt to increase domestic oil supplies
b. cutting back welfare and other programs for the poor, to force them to supply their own needs
c. encouraging, through tax cuts, private sector investment that would create new jobs, thus
promoting economic growth and increasing net tax revenues
d. keeping interest rates high, to increase the money supply
(p. 1081)
9. Which of the following was NOT a result of Reagans policies?
a. following a recession, an economic recovery marked by reduced inflation and sustained
economic growth
b. huge federal budget deficits
c. a redistribution of wealth from lower to upper classes
d. strong performance by certain sectors of the economy, especially labor unions,
agriculture, and banking
10. What was unique about the Democratic ticket in 1984?
a. A Greek immigrant headed the ticket.
b. Both presidential and vice-presidential candidates came from the same state.
c. Both presidential and vice-presidential candidates were southerners.
d. The vice-presidential candidate was a woman.
11. The costly and highly criticized Reagan program known as the Strategic Defense Initiative proposed to:
a. arm the Contras in order to bring down the Sandinista regime.
b. create a defensive missile system in space to shield the U.S. from any foreign missile
attack.
c. place Marines in the Middle East in order to defend access to Middle East oil.
d. move beyond limiting the growth of nuclear weapons to negotiating actual reductions.
12. The Reagan administration focused on three priorities in foreign policy. Which of the following
accurately states an initiative in one of the three areas?
a. Central America: an invasion of Panama to rescue American students and prevent a Marxist
takeover
b. Middle East: successful retaliation against Libya and Lebanon for terrorist attacks
c. Far East: public rhetoric critical of Chinas suppression of democratic reform
d. Soviet Union: both a sharp military build-up and a new arms control treaty
13. The Reagan and Bush administrations sent American invasion forces abroad in all of the following
cases EXCEPT:
a. to a Caribbean island to protect Americans and topple a leftist government.
b. to Panama to capture the countrys dictator-President.
c. to Nicaragua to fight alongside the contra rebels.
d. to the Persian Gulf to expel Iraqis from Kuwait.

14. In the 1980s, health-care costs skyrocketed along with a worldwide epidemic of a deadly new disease,
in which:
a. a parasite was transmitted in polluted streams.
b. organic poisons were transmitted by the needles of drug users.
c. a sexually transmitted virus broke down the human immune system.
d. leaking nuclear radiation caused incurable brain cancers.
15. The INF treaties agreed to at Moscow in 1987:
a. provided for destruction of certain nuclear missiles with on-site inspection.
b. reduced conventional forces stationed in Central Europe.
c. pledged Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan.
d. ended testing of nuclear weapons.
16. In the 1988 presidential election, George Bush benefited from all the following EXCEPT:
a. he was associated with Reagans successes.
b. he had strong support from his party.
c. relations with the Soviet Union had improved.
d. he was supported by remnants of the Old Left in Washington.
17. Which statement best explains Bill Clintons victory in 1992?
a. As a southerner and liberal, Clinton rebuilt the traditional Democratic coalition and won a solid
majority of both popular and electoral votes.
b. Voters, in an upbeat mood, rejected the sour criticisms of Bush and Perot and embraced
Clintons optimistic vision for change.
c. Worried about growing instability around the world, voters opted for the candidate with
experience in foreign affairs.
d. Many one-time supporters of President Bush voted against him this time on either
ideological or economic grounds.

COMPLETION
1.

The general term for conservative Protestants, several groups of whom became prominent in the late
1970s and 1980s, is [evangelicals].

2.

In 1979, Jerry Falwell established a political awareness organization called [the Moral Majority]
designed to examine candidates on issues of concern to conservative Christians.

3.

Ronald Reagan identified himself with the theory of [supply-side] economics, based on ideas of
economist Arthur Laffer that seemed reminiscent of the days of Coolidge and Hoover.

4.

A new world leader unleashed momentous changes when he proclaimed policies of openness and
restructuring for the nation of [the Soviet Union].

5.

Clarence Thomas and Sandra Day OConnor were two notable conservatives who joined [the
Supreme Court].

6.

The Gramm-Rudman Act was an unsuccessful effort to solve one of the most persistent problems of
the 1980s, the federal [budget deficit]; it threatened mandatory spending cuts if budgetary targets
were not met.

7.

In 1983 terrorists blew up a Marine barracks in [Beirut or Lebanon], killing 239 Americans.

8.

In retaliation for Muammar Qadhafis supposed sponsorship of international terrorism, President

Reagan ordered Air Force raids on his country, [Libya].

9.

The Contadora group of Latin American nations proposed a negotiated settlement to the situation in
the nation of [Nicaragua].

10.

The Iran-Contra operation began largely within [the National Security Council], an advisory agency
to the President on foreign and defense policy.

11.

The great symbol of the end of the Cold War and the fall of communism in Eastern Europe was
when [the Berlin Wall] was torn down in 1989.

12.

The United States in 1990 reacted to an Iraqi invasion of [Kuwait].

13.

In February 1991, in a sudden and dramatic 100-hour assault, nicknamed Operation [Desert Storm],
a coalition of forces led by the United States routed the Iraqi army.

14.

The stresses in inner-city neighborhoods exploded in violence in the city of [Los Angeles] in 1992,
when a white jury acquitted police officers of charges of using excess force in subduing a black
man.

33
NATION OF NATIONS IN A GLOBAL COMMUNITY
1. When William Jefferson Clinton took office in 1993, he imagined himself to be:
a. a mediator between contentious factions.
b. an activist president.
c. a detached president.
d. a moderate statesman.
(p. 1111)
2. The dont ask, dont tell policy refers to what issue?
a. illegal drug use among immigrants
b. homosexuals serving in the military
c. insider trading on Wall Street
d. none of the above
(p. 1112)
3. In which two sub-Saharan African countries did brutal civil wars break out in the early 1990s?
a. Congo and Rwanda
b. Sierra Leone and Congo
c. Somalia and Rwanda
d. Rwanda and Sierra Leone
(p. 1113)
4. Political instability in which Caribbean country prompted U.S. intervention in 1994?
a. Cuba
b. The Dominican Republic
c. Grenada
d. Haiti
5. In 1995 and 1999, President Clinton authorized the use of American military force to aid which two
countries in Europe?
a. Bosnia and Kosovo
b. Albania and Kosovo
c. Serbia and Bosnia
d. Serbia and Kosovo
6. The NAFTA treaty was designed to provide greater trade and more jobs by linking the U.S. economy
more closely with what countries?
a. Japan and Korea
b. Russia and China
c. Mexico and Canada
d. England and Germany

7. In Kenneth Starrs final report to the House of Representatives, he recommended that the president be
impeached on the grounds of:
a. perjury
b. obstruction of justice
c. witness tampering
d. all of the above
8. The scandal that led to President Clintons eventual impeachment was _________ in nature.
a. sexual
b. political
c. business
d. international
9. Despite the presidents eventual admission that he had lied about this scandal, in the end a majority of the
American people felt about him in which of the following ways?
a. They disapproved of him and wanted him removed from office.
b. They were generally indifferent to his behavior.
c. The public did not support the Republican calls for impeachment.
d. A majority believed the entire affair had been fabricated by the Republican Party to hurt the
president.
10. In terms of the texts coverage of the impeachment scandal, most historians believe which statement
about President Clinton?
a. They believe he should have been removed from office.
b. They do not believe that the Presidents actions constituted an impeachable offense.
c. They believe the whole issue was blown way out of proportion by the Republicans.
d. They believe it hurt Americas prestige in the world greatly.
11. In its earliest stages, the desire to connect distant computers was motivated by a need to:
a. store government secrets better.
b. share computer capacity.
c. provide better personal communications.
d. aid banks in the movement of currencies around the world.
12. The term coined to denote business transacted over the Internet is:
a. e-business.
b. e-commerce.
c. e-trading.
d. e-buying.
13. In comparing the median income of American families in 1996 with 1973, what result is found?
a. Such incomes were much higher in 1973.
b. Such incomes were only barely higher in 1996 than in 1973.
c. Because of high technology, these incomes were much higher in 1996 than in 1973.
d. Median family incomes had actually dropped below 1973 levels by 1996.
14. The economic prosperity of the late 1990s produced which of the following social consequences?
a. Inner-city crime rates fell.
b. The economic situation of the poor improved.
c. Consumer confidence reached an all-time high.
d. All of the above.
15. In 1992, the worst civil disturbance in Los Angeles history occurred in response to what event?
a. the trial of O. J. Simpson
b. the acquittal of the police officers involved in the Rodney King beating
c. the shooting of Los Angeles mayor Tom Hayden
d. the clearing of hundreds of acres of inner-city land for public housing projects

COMPLETION
1.

Congress attempted to stem the flow of illegal immigrants in to the U.S. by passing the
[Immigration and Control Act of 1986].

2.

The new immigrants to the U.S. could maintain close links with their countries of origin because of
improved systems of [communication] and [transportation].

3.

Accusations were published early in Clintons presidency that while he was governor of Arkansas
had received special treatment from a failed real estate venture known as [Whitewater].

4.

In 1991, UN troops were used to restore order in the Caribbean nation of [Haiti].

5.

The [NAFTA] agreement linked the American economy closely to those of Canada and Mexico.