Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Civil Engineering
Civil Engineering
WATER
RESOURCES
TECHNICAL
ENGINEERING MONOGRAPH
PUBLICATION
NO.
27
OF
RECLAMATION
WATER
Engineering
RESOURCES TECHNICAL
Monograph
PUBLICATION
NO. P7
United
States
Department
of the Interior
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION
U.S. GOVERNMENT
PRINTING
WASHINGTON : 1978
OFFICE
Preface
presents a series of tables containing computed data for use in the design of
components of structures which can be idealized
as rectangular plates or slabs. Typical examples
are wall and footing panels of counterfort retaining
walls.
The tables provide the designer with a
rapid and economical means of analyzing
the
The data
structures at representative
points.
presented, as indicated
in the accompanying
figure on the frontispiece, were computed for fivl:
sets of boundary conditions, nine ratios of lateral
dimensions, and eleven loadings typical of those
encountered in design.
THIS
MONOGRAPH
As supplementary
guides to the use and development of the data compiled in this monograph,
two appendixes are included.
The first appendix
presents an example of application of the data to
a typical structure.
The second appendix explains
the basic mathematical considerations and develops
the application of the finite difference method to
the solution
of plate problems.
A series of
drawings in the appendixes presents basic relations
which will aid in application
of the method to
other problems.
Other drawings illustrate application of the method to one of the specific cases
and lateral dimension
ratios included
in the
monograph.
Acknowledgments
The writer
was assisted in the numerical
computations by W. S. Young, J. R. Brizzolara,
and D. Misterek.
H. J. Kahm assisted in the
computations and in checking the results obtained.
CASE
CASE
CASE
CASE
CASE
PLATE
FIXED
FOVR EOBES
BOUNDARY
CONOITIONS
0f------IL!kl
L-p-A
LOAD
LOAD
id- pd
LOAD
NWORY
LOAD OVER
e/3
THE EIBHT
OF THE PLITE
IU
LOAD
Ip
;pd
LOAD
WlFORYLI
ARIINO
LOAD
OVER THE FVLL HEIGHT
OF THE PLATE
NlFORY
LOAD OVER
113 THE HEIOHT
OF THE PLATE
f---G
i-d
LOAD
PII
LOAD
Pm
LOAD
iI
fP
7-P-q
k-----a----+
LOAD
WIFORYLI
ARIIYB
LOAD
p - 0 ALON0
x - a,*
LOADING
CONDITIONS
NOTES
The variaus cases
ratios
of o/b.
Coses I, e, and 3:
Cose
Case 5
All results
INDEX
:
:
are
are
analyzed
I/B,
l/8,
310,
bored
OF BOUNDARY
for
1f4,
3/s,
I/Z,
l/4,
I/S?,
3/0,
s/8,
I/2,
AND
the indicated
LOADING
-FRONTISPIECE
CONDITIONS
NlFORYLl
ARIINO
LOAD
OVER e/3 TM
ns,en*
OF THE PLATE
-H
LOAD
*Lowe
LOAD
p LI
WIFORYL
mI*e
D- o ALOWOy-b/e
LOAD
Contents
Preface
and Acknowledgments
-----____-___________--__
Frontispiece
__------________________________________---------
Introduction
________________________.______
- _________________
Method
of Analysis
Page
.. .
ill
iv
1
______________________________
-- ______
Accuracy
Appendix
of Method
of Analysis--------------------I ______________________________
- _________________
Appendix
6
43
45
45
I I ________________________________________________
49
The Finite Difference Method- _ _ _ _________________________- _Introduction____________________________---------------General Mathematical Relations- _ ____-__ ______________-_ _
Application to Plate Fixed Along Three Edges and Free Along
the Fourth__________________________________---------
49
49
49
OF
54
89
FIGURES
Number
PW
1. Plate fixed along three edges, moment and reaction coefficients, Load
I, uniform load- ----------------->---------_-------------2. Plate fixed along three edges, moment and reaction coefficients, Load
II, 213 uniform load _____________ ___________________________
3. Plate fixed along three edges, moment and reaction coefficients, Load
III, l/3 uniform load--------______________________________
4. Plate fixed along three edges, moment and reaction coefficients, Load
IV, uniformly varying load _________________________________ _
7
8
9
10
V
CONTENTS
vi
Number
5. Plate fixed along three edges, moment and reaction coefficients, Load
V, 213 uniformly varyingload
_---__--_______
------________
6. Plate fixed along three edges, moment and reaction coefficients, Load
VI, l/3 uniformly varying load
-------____________________
7. Plate fixed along three edges, moment and reaction coefficients, Load
VII, l/6 uniformly varyingload--_-----..-----______________
8. Plate fixed along three edges, moment and reaction coefficients, Load
VIII, moment at free edge------_____ ---------____________
9. Plate fixed along three edges, moment and reaction coefficients, Load
IX, lineload at free edge---------------------_____________
10. Plate fixed along three edges-Hinged
along one edge, moment and
reaction coefficients, Load I, uniform load---- - - - _ - __ _ _ __ _ __ _ __
11. Plate fixed along three edges-Hinged
along one edge, moment and
reaction coefficients, Load II, 213 uniform load_ - _ __ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _
12. Plate fixed along three edges-Hinged
along one edge, moment and
reaction coefficients, Load III, l/3 uniform load- - - - __ __ _ __ _ _ _
13. Plate fixed along three edges-Hinged
along one edge, moment and
reaction coefficients, Load IV, uniformly varying load - _ __ _ __ _ __
14. Plate fixed along three edges-Hinged
along one edge, moment and
reaction coefficients, Load V, 213 uniformly varying load--_ __ _ __
15. Plate fixed along three edges-Hinged
along one edge, moment and
reaction coefficients, Load VI, l/3 uniformly varying load_- _ __ _ _
16. Plate fixed along three edges-Hinged
along one edge, moment and
reaction coefficients, Load VII, l/6 uniformly varying load- __ _ _ _
17. Plate fixed along three edges-Hinged
along one edge, moment and
reaction coefficients, Load VIII, moment at hinged edge- - - - - - _ _
18. Plate fixed along one edge-Hinged
along two opposite edges, moment and reaction coefficients, Load I, uniform load--- __ _ _ __ _ _
19. Plate fixed along one edge-Hinged
along two opposite edges, moment and react,ion coefficients, Load II, 213 uniform load _ _ _ _ __ _
20. Plate fixed along one edge-Hinged
along two opposite edges, moment and reaction coefficients, Load III, l/3 uniform load- _- _ _
21. Plate fixed along one edge-Hinged
along two opposite edges, moment and reaction coefficients, Load IV, uniformly
varying load.
22. Plate fixed along one edge-Hinged
along two opposite edges, moment and reaction coefficients, Load V, 213 uniformly
varying
load----_______-----____________________-----------------23. Plate fixed along one edge-Hinged
along two opposite edges, moment and reaction coefficients, Load VI, l/3 uniformly
varying
load_-__-------_________________________-----------------24. Plate fixed along one edge-Hinged
along two opposite edges, moment and reaction coefficients, Load VII, l/6 uniformly
varying
load- ---__-_-_-----__------~~~~~~~~--~~-----------------25. Plate fixed along one edge-Hinged
along two opposite edges, moment and reaction coefficients, Load VIII, moment at free edge- 26. Plate fixed along one edge-Hinged
along two opposite edges,
moment and reaction coefficients, Load IX, line load at free edge27. Plate fixed along two adjacent edges, moment and reaction coefllcients, Load I, uniform load--- __________- ------------------
me
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
CONTENTS
Number
28. Plate fixed along two adjacent edges, moment and reaction coefficients, Load II, 213 uniform load------------______________
29. Plate fixed along two adjacent edges, moment and reaction coefficients, Load III, l/3 uniform load- _ - - - - - - - _ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ __
30. Plate fixed along two adjacent edges, moment and reaction coefficients, Load IV, uniformly
varying load- - _- - _ - - - - _ _ _ _ __ _ ___ _
31. Plate fixed along two adjacent edges, moment and reaction coefficients, Load V, 2/3 uniformly varying load- _- - - - - - - _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _
32. Plate fixed along two adjacent edges, moment and reaction coefficients, Load VI, l/3 uniformly varying load- _- - - - _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _
33. Plate fixed along two adjacent edges, moment and reaction coefficients, Load VII, l/6 uniformly varying load-- _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ __
34. Plate fixed along four edges, moment and reaction coefficients, Load
I,uniformload____-----------_____________________-------35. Plate fixed along four edges, moment and reaction coefficients, Load
X, uniformly varying load, p=O along y=b/2------__________
36. Plate fixed along four edges, moment and reaction coefficients, Load
XI, uniformly varying load, p=O along x=a/2---------------..
37. Counterfort wall, design example---~---------------~-~~~~~-~..~
38. Grid point designation system and notation_- - - _- _ - - _ _ __ _ __ _ _ _
39. Load-deflection relations,
Sheet I _______________ --__--_-------40. Load-deflection
relations, Sheet II----------------------------41. Load-deflection
relations, Sheet III---------------------------42. Load-deflection
relations, Sheet IV __________ -___--_-------_---43. Load-deflection
relations, vertical spacing: 3 at h; 1 at h/2, Sheet V44. Load-deflection relations, vertical spacing: 2 at h; 2 at h/2, Sheet VI45. Load-deflection
relations, vertical spacing: 2 at h; 1 at h/2; 1 at h/4,
SheetVII___-_-----______________________----------------46. Load-deflection
relations, vertical spacing: 1 at h; 3 at h/2, Sheet
VIII--__-----_-_----------------------------------------47. Load-deflection
relations, vertical spacing: 1 at h; 1 at h/2; 2 at h/4,
SheetIX___-_________-_-______________________----------48. Load-deflection
relations, vertical spacing: 1 each at h, h/2, h/4,
and h/8, Sheet X------------_____________________________
49. Load-deflection
relations, vertical spacing: 4 at h/2, Sheet Xl _ _ _ _ _
50. Load-deflection
relations, vertical spacing: 1 at h/2; 3 at h/4, Sheet
XII---------------------------------------------------51. Load-deflection
relations, vertical spacing: 1 at h/2 ; 1 at h/4; 2 at
h/8, Sheet XIII--------------_______-_____________________
52. Load-deflection
relations, vertical spacing: 4 at h/4, Sheet XIV--- 53. Load-deflection
relations, vertical spacing: 1 at h/4; 3 at h/8, Sheet
xv ____ ------------------------------------------------54. Load-deflection
relations, vertical spacing: 4 at h/8, Sheet XVI---55. Load-deflection
relations, horizontal spacing: 4 at rh/2, Sheet XVII56. Load-deflection
relations, horizontal
spacing: 3 at rh/2; 1 at rh,
SheetXVIII_-------_------------------------------------57. Load-deflection
relations, horizontal
spacing: 2 at rh/2; 2 at rh,
SheetXIX
_______________________ --- _________ -_-_-_- ______
58. Load-deflection
relations, horizontal
spacing: 1 at rh/2 ; 3 at rh,
Sheet xX-__-_------_--_--________________________________
vii
page
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
46
50
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
6.5
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
CONTENTS
Viii
Number
PW
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
LIST OF TABLES
NUmb6T
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Bending
Moment at the Center of a Uniformly Loaded Rectangular Plate
Fixed along Four Edges _______--_-___-___----_-----_____--Comparison of Coefficients of Maximum Bending Moment at the
Center of a Uniformly Loaded Rectangular Plate Fixed along
FourEdges____________--________-____________________-____
M, for Heel Slab at Supports------- ________--- _____-_---- ______
M, for Heel Slab at Supports- ____-- ______--__- _________-- ______
M,forWallSlabatSupports
____ -- _-____________________- _____
M, for Wall Slab at Supports- __ _______________________________
Pap
6
43
47
47
48
48
Introduction
CERTAIN COMPONENTS
of many structures may be
logically idealized as laterally loaded, rectangular
plates or slabs having various conditions of edge
support.
This monograph
presents tables of
coefficients
which can be used to determine
moments
and reactions in such structures
for
various loading conditions ,and for several ratios
of lateral dimensions.
The finite difference method was used in the
analysis of the structures and in the development
of the tables. This method, described in Appendix
Method
of Analysis
FINITE
difference method is based on t,he
usual approximate
theory for the bending of thin
plates subjected to lateral loads.*
The customary assumptions are made, therefore, with regard
to homogeneity,
isotropy,
conformance
with
Hookes law, and relative
magnitudes
of deflections, thickness, and lateral dimensions.
(See
Appendix II.)
Solution by finite differences provides a means
of determining
a set of deflections for discrete
points of a plate subjected to given loading and
The deflections are determined
edge conditions.
in such a manner that the deflection of any point,
together with those of certain nearby points,
satisfy finite difference relations which correspond
to the differential
expressions of the usual plate
theory.
These expressions relate coordinates and
deflections to load and edge conditions.
THE
*Numbers
page 89.
in superscript
refer to publications
in List of References
on
can be determined
easily, since the deflections
computed from finite difference theory are independent of Poissons ratio.
Futhermore,
the
bending moments at, and normal to, the fixed
edges are unaffected by this factor.
It is reasonable then to conclude that insofar as the moments
which are most important in design are concerned,
the maximum
effect for this case will occur at
the center of the slab.
Table 1 shows a comparison of maximum bending moment coeflicients at the center of a uniformly
loaded plate for several values of p and for each
ratio of a/b for which Case 5 was computed.
For a change in Poissons ratio from 0.2 to 0.3
it is noted that the maximum effect on the bending
moment coefficient occurs at a/b= 1, where the
change in the coefficient is less than 8 percent.
Ratio
l.-Effect
of Poissons
-%
;I
0. 375
0. 5
0.625
0. 75
0. 875
1. 0
at the Center
Values of M./pa*
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
- 0.0423
- 0.0403
-0.0358
-0.0298
-0. 0235
-0.0177
-0.0424
- 0.0407
-0.0367
-0.0311
-0.0251
-0. 0195
-0. 0424
-0.0411
-0.0376
-0. 0324
-0.0267
-0.0213
-0.0425
-0.0415
-0. 0384
-0.0337
-0. 0283
-0. 0230
__.--.-...-.-._-_
-..
of a Uniformly
RESULTS
Moment-:
Reaction
(Coefflctent)
(pb)
: (Coefftclent)
(pb)
POSITIVE
FIGURE l.-Plate
SIGN
Load I, uniform
CONVENTION
load.
IO
32 i-.0039 1
IO
IO
lo
IO
n.
.a-<
31-.029sl
Moment
Reaction
= (Goefficient)(pfl)
= (Goefficient)(
pb)
POSITIVE
FIGURE 2.-P&e
coeflcients,
SIGN
CONVENTION
load.
RESULTS
MI
Moment
= (Coefficieni)
(pb)
Reaction
= (Coefficient)
(pb)
-Rx
RV
POSITIVE
I ._.-..-.-
~..
coeflcients,
Load III,
tX
0 My
I
FIGURE 3.-Plate
P
v
SIQN
CONVENTION
l/S uniform
load.
10
\I
I 0
I+ IlId7
1.0 I+ 3177
..T..
I+ on99
lt.oe57r;
Moment
= (Goefficient)(pb*)
I?eOCflOn=
(Coefficient)(pb)
I/
MI
-+-.I 4
0 RV
%iiJ, Mv
I
WV
POSITIVE
FIGURE k--Plate
_.-.-.--.--.-
.______-
Load IV,
+X
SIGN
uniformly
CONVENTION
varying
loud.
RESULTS
I 0
I- 0155 I+ 0025 I
..
t
m\bI+
,
001,
I+ 1712 I+ 2595
----
---
I t .3224
+. 3329
t.3356
1
MI
Moment
: (Coefficlent)(
pb2.)
Reaction
= (Coefflcient)(
pb)
-+
IJP
Rx
b
0
w
W
POSITIVE
FIGURE
B.-Plate
SIGN
M,
CONVENTION
varying
load.
Moment = (Coefficient)ipb)
Reaction
= (Goefficient)(
pb )
W.
POSITIVE
FIQURE
B.-Plate
-.-..--.__-.
.._
Load VI,
SIGN
l/S uniformly
CONVENTION
varying
load.
RESULTS
*-0_-_
---O---~
iGee
_,
, --t
ill.ii -i-,
FIGURE 7.-Plate
Moment
Aeoction
(Coefficient)(pb*)
= (Coefficient)(
pb)
+X
I
W
POSITIVE
Load VII,
SISN
l/6 uniformly
CONVENTION
varying
load.
f-P
Moment : (Coefficient)( M)
Reaction : (Coefficient)($)
1
FIGURE 8.-Plate
jked
M. --JI p
Al--l. I
.
X
Load VIII,
RESULTS
15
+ 0185
t 0226
i.0261
+.0264
+.wg,
~,-.012,+~~O036~~1--
+.0064
l- .0107
t.0147
+01j4
+ 0164
I-.OOOOI-.o001
1+.0003
-~~~
0.2
I-.OiSO
I-.0004~*.0004~+.0006~+.0004[+.0001
...,T
-39111
$0036~
+:0056/+.007g/
+.001,
+.0022
+:0010
;I+.0746
Moment
Reaction
+.0666I+.O655
t.0024
+.0644]
= (GoeffIcient)
= (Goefflcient)(F)
W
POSITIVE
coeflcients,
Load IX,
SIGN
CONVENTION
16
.__~-++
F.,
I ---+I
_--T
hinged
Moment = (Coefficient)(pb*)
a
a
Fxa UaE
IIriIll
lO.-Plate
Reoctiin
= (Coefficicnt)(
pb)
---- i - -X
POSITIVE
and reaction
SION
coeficiente,
CONVENTION
Load I, uniform
load.
RESULTS
,
17
4
0.8
I .o
+.0017 +.0020
0
0
1 0.2
[ 0.4
1 0.6
[ 0.6
[ 1.0
IO
lo
IO
In
Moment = (Coefficient)(pb)
Reaction = (Coefficient)(
LE Il.-Plate
pb )
Moment
Aeoction
= (Coefficient)(pb)
= (Coefficient)(
pb)
X
POSITIVE
along
three edges-Hinged
SIQN
CONVENTION
Load III,
RESULTS
Moment = (Coefficirnt)(pb*)
Reaction
= (Coefficicnt)(
FIGURE 13.-Plate
pb )
POSITIVE
-.--_._-_-.._-.---..--.
SIGN
CONVENTION
varying
Moment
(Coefficient)(pff)
Reaction
(Coefficient)(
pb )
+-X
POSITIVE
FIGURE 14.-Plate
fxed
.._...-..-.---..-.--
SIQN
coefkients,
CONVENTION
Moment = (Coefficient)(pb*)
Reaction
= (Coefficient)(
pb)
FIGURE 15.-Plate
POSITIVE
and reaction
coejkients,
SIGN
CONVENTION
Load VI,
l/3
uniformly
Moment = (Goefficient)(pb?
Reaction
= (Coefficient)(
pb)
POSITIVE
FIGURE 16.-Plate
varying
load.
coejicients,
SIGN
CONVENTION
Load VII,
l/6 uniformly
RESULTS
Moment = (Coefficient)(
Reaction
23
M)
= (Coefficient)($),
FIGURE 17.-Plate
POSITIVE
and reaction
SIGN
coeficiente,
CONVENTION
Load VIII,
moment at
Y
~+--*--+*
._-f
I
I
0
Moment
= (Coefficlent)
(pb)
Reaction
= (Coefficient)
(pb )
--_ L-x
0
FIQURE 18.-Plate
POSITIVE
and reaction
SIGN
coefkients,
CONVENTION
Load I, uniform
25
gt-.00371-.00531-.00631-.0067i
r1-.02351 0
Moment
= (Coefficient)
(pb)
Reoctlon
= (GoeffIcIent)
(pb)
~-.0140~-.0220~-.026lt-.0277kO262i
M. -+-I/
f&l R.^ .
POSITIVE
FIG
E lg.-Plate
fixed
edges, moment
and reaction
SIGN
CONVENTION
coeficients,
Load
II,
MI
Moment
: (Coefficient)
(pb*)
Reaction
= (Coefficient)
(pb )
--
P
v
h
fb
tX
I My
W@
POSITIVE
FIQURE
20.-Plate
uniform
load.
edges, moment
and reaction
SION
CONVENTION
coejkients,
Load III,
l/S
RESULTS
Moment
= (Coefflclent)
(pb)
Reoctaon
= (Coeffxlent)
(pb)
IA
Ma -+ R.Rv
d&iJI
MY
W.
0
FIGURE 21.-Plate
POSITIVE
SIGN
- .-._-
__--
CONVENTION
28
--_
f
Moment
f?eactlon
= (caefflclent)(pb)
= (Coefflcient)(
pb)
+X
W
POSITIVE
FIGURE 22.-Plate
fixed
and reaction
SIGN
CONVENTION
coeficients,
Load
V,
29
Moment = (Coefficlent)(pb*)
Reaction
= (Coefficient)(
pb)
POSITIVE
FI :GuRE 23.-Plate
fixed
along
and reaction
SIQN
CONVENTION
coejicients,
Load
VI,
11s
i
Moment
heOCtiOn
= (Coofficiant)(
pb)
= (Coefflcient)(
pb)
W
POSITIVE
FIGURE 24.-Plate
along
two opposite
uniformly
varying
edges, moment
load.
and reaction
SION
CONVENTION
coeficients,
Load VII,
l/6
Moment
Reaction
- (Coefflcient)(
M)
= (Coeffxwnt)(j-1
POSITIVE
_.-.-.-__.-.- ._-__..
SIGN
CONVENTION
Load VIII,
momen tt
32
Moment
= (Coefftcient)(
Fb)
Reoctlon
: (Coefficient)(
F )
POSITIVE
FIGURE 26.-Plate
fixed
along one
and reaction
SIQN
CONVENTION
coqjicients,
Load IX,
1ine
RESULTS
~.0160~+.0061~+.0029~+.0002)
151-.00241-.00301
~00061+~00l71+
.ol76
I.0
0
+.6290+.
1977
+.7827
6.
0.6
I+.0060
-~3
\
0
LO.2
1t.0002
1 +.OlZl
l .9739
t.0011
+.I576
t.3024
+.5696
+.0952
t.0296
-.0059
~0162
---
--
---
I-
.003Zl- .0023
~+.0377~+.OlZOl+
1
1+.00291+
I+.0067
0066~+.0159~+
I+.0020
l-.0018
02361+,0304
\-.0401
Rx
~_
00321+.00471
I+.0741
d
~.0282~+.0144(+.0077~+
.OllO
__..
^.__
_---
- .0079
OOOII-
.0026
.00721+
.0061
+.0041
+.0125
+ .0221
+ .0326
-.0696
+.0333
+.2595
+.4574
+.7920
-.0696
0
1
-0
~~+.0165~+.006~-.00051-.004z~-.UUb~(-.~0
0
+I.1266
,
LY
;
I
---.-
.---.+.
I-
.oesrl
I+ .00721+.0207)+
.03451+.04941
~1+.03621
I
--Y04~~~/~~~/~~~~J
FIGURE
27.-Plate
Moment
= (GoefficIent)
(pb*)
Reaction
: (Coefficient)
(pb)
p4
;p&
POSITIVE
coeficients,
SIGN
CONVENTION
Load I, uniform
load.
34
0.2
1
-co
I.0
l-.0014
0.8
~+.00751+.OOll
0.4
0.6
+.00021*.00021+.0002l+
0.6
0001
1+.0001
~+.0006~+.0006~+.0004~+
+ 0021
+.0008
+.0001
t.0009
+.0013
+.0505
+.
-0.6.
0.4
,Ib
t.2733
+.3352
+.0102
+.0213
+ ~-~
t.0384
[~~+:I&]+
t.0026
OOl2(+
1050
+.0106
+.0149
-r
-+.0165
+.0065
+.009
.%$,@7
0
+.2030
l .3661
+.0026
L -
1 +.0011
t.0031
-.0069~+.0125~+.1333
--+-.-0003
+.034l
+.0542
+.0113
3114
5432
00021+.00021+
j 0.6
I
1 I. 0
1
0002/+.00031+.00031
OOOII-.00021
-,----A
!
-.0003
t.0079
0010
(
!+.0077~~.00241-
I.
0.
,
I
0~~-.00~6~~.00~6~/~.0ll6
4
1
0
0
+.22851+.39631+.5629
+.0019
+.0524
1-.0022
+.0055
0053
+.00691+.0125
-.0250~+.0436[+.l939~+.3C7l
-I!
+ 0011
+.0055
r
t.0063
l 2023
1061
+ 0020
~+.00~~j+.00071+.00031+.00001-
+.ooos
+.0031
0.d 1 ! 0.6
I
+.0040
+.0028:
I+
+.0001
y-.0822
Ra
-.0462
t.0819
0002/+
0.2
I
0
+.0046j-.Ob61
I.0
0. e
+.0067
l .0046
-.0167
00021
~6~+.0035~+.0019~+.0008)+.0001
+.I209
1.0
I
+.0153
1+.46931+.6544
+.0026
-.0022
-.0042
-.00741-.0051
t-7
Moment
: (Coefficient)
(pb)
Reoctlon
= (Coefficient)
(pb)
3-X
I
W
POSITIVE
FIQURE 28.-Plate
coeficients,
Sl(iN
Load II,
CONVENTION
$713 uniform
load.
RESULTS
0.2
~+.1774~+.0131~+.0020~-.00171-.00241-.00171
I+.Ofi261-.OOl71-.00471-.00641
R.
~Y~+.00481+.16151+.2512~+.2874~t.3312~+.3489~
I.0
.0052
0. a
t.0356
0. 6
+ .0430
t.0104
.0059
+.0016
-.0006
-.OOl
t.0116
l .0053
t.0011
-.0008
t .Ol26
t.0041
- .0002
- .OOl6
-.OOlO
+.0023
t .OOl2
+ .0002
- .0007
- .0014
- .0020
- .0013
f.0025
t.0008
- .0012
-.0026
- .OOM
- .0046
- .0053
- .0069
- .0075
- .0060
- .0055
- .0043
- .0029
- .0020
II
-
0.4
+.I052
+.0135
+.OOl3
-.0022
-.0025
-.0017
t .0027
- .002
0. 2
+ .I682
f.0094
-.0015
-.0023
-.0015
-.0005
- .0045
It.oos
+ .0033
+ .0057
+.0072
t .I3383
+ .2052
+ .2808
t .3372
.3064
.0019
.3473
Moment
= (Coefficient)
(pb*)
Reaction
= (Coefficient)
(pb)
POSITIVE
FIGURE 29.-Plate
Load III,
SIQN
CONVENTION
l/S uniform
load.
36
+.0075
+.0007
+.0006
+.0004
+.oooz
+.0001
;.0252
+.0017
t.0011
+.0006
+.0003
+.OOOl
l .0056
-.0008
0.4
~+.2050j+.~246~+.0122
0.2
[+.I413
0
+ .0003
.o
~+.0045~+.0002
~+.0162~+.0056~+.0010
)-.0005
l-.0012
(+.0049~+.0017~.
I-.0004)
I+.oo52/+
i?
I,
I
0.8
0.6
+.2303
+.2067
+.0459
+.0467
+.0195
+.0242
+,0064
+.0046
-.0002
-.0023
-.0036
-.0027
+.0097
+.0092
+.0040
+.oozo
-.0044
0004
-.0093
0.4
+.2363
t.0360
+.Ol2l
+.OOlO
-.0030
-.0029
+.0072
-.0003
-.0060
-.0096
-.Oll7
0 I,+,0032
+.oooa
+.0019
+.0050
+.ooe3
+.01oLl
+.0070
+.0110
+.014a
+.0147
+.0352
l .0546
t.0696
561+.44891+.5505i
I
----1
+.0056
-.0059
-.0077
~~
0.2
~*.1193~+.01~0~+.0042~+.0005~+.0006(+.00l6
-.0194
+.0029
n
v-.0194~+.1105~+.2399(+.32:
R
I
I.0
0.6
+.I917
)+.23641+.0518
+.0662
+.0291
I+.0173
+.0046
l+.OOO4!-.00591-.0054
t.0103
t.0152
Moment
Reoctton
30.-Plate
0740
I 0 I
l .0197
+.0232
= (Coefficient)
(pb*)
= (Coefftcient)
( pb)
c 0-A
FIG IURE
0129
+.0515
POSITIVE
Load IV,
+.0759
SIGN
+.0987
1157
CONVENTION
uniformly
varying
load.
RESULTS
Mx
I
0.2
2
II
c,
s
II
s
37
MY
0.6
0.4
O.SlI.0
lo2looln~lnnlln
-.-
-.
-.v
.,.-
..
1.0
-.OOOJ
+.oooo
+.oooo
+.oooo
+.oooo
+.oooo
0. e
+.0001
+.0001
+.0001
+.0001
+.0001
+.oooo
+.oooo
+.oooo
+.oooo
+.0001
+.0001
+.0001
..+.OOOi
+.0001
+.0001
+.0001
+.0001
.-
-.OOOI
0.6
+ 0144
+.OOi I +.0007
t.0004
+.OOOZ
+.OOOI
+.oooe
+.0002
0.4
+.os&
+.0030
+.0019
;.&so
+.0004
+.0001
+.0004
0.2
+.0843
+.0044
+.0026
COO13
COO04
+ ones
0.6
I+ 00311+.00171+.00141+
0000
00111+.0007(+.0003)
I
1+.2646/+.35441
-.
+.0022
+ 0061
I.0
-.0169
+.0022
+.0027
+.0023
+.0016
+.0006
+.0147
l .0053
t.0040
+.0027
t.0015
+.0006
+.oooe
. +.0565
l .0099
+ 0059
+.0029
-.OOOO
+.0009
-~-.__-..+.0012
+.0009
0.6
+.ooll
-t.0020
+.0005
0.4
+.1351
t.0148
+.0069
+.0020
-.0004
+.0030
+.0008
-.OOlZ
0.2
r.1353
T.0117
t.0040
+.0003
-.OOll
-.OOll
+.0023
+.OOOO
+.Ol25
+.oooe
+.0019
+.0031
+.0043
+.0038
0011
WY
I?.
+.0125
+.0460
+.I236
+.I740
I.0
-.0220
+.0052
+.0053
t.0039
+.0023
t.0010
0.8
+.0298
+.0095
+ 0065
+.0036
+.0016
+.0753
+.0143
+.00!6
t.0030
t.0004
t.0005
~~~~~~__
-.0005
0.4
+.I506
+.0176
+.0068
+.OOlO
-.0015
-.0017
0.2
+.1313
+.0119
+.0030
-.0005
-.0014
t.0050
+.0013
+.060
+.0050
+.0755
0.
WY
R.
t.0103
0.0
0010
boo0
-7Mms
t.0146
t.0181
1+.ooo3~+.ooo3~+.ooo4~+.ooo57+.ooo6~
I
I+.1661
0006
0
+.0001
+.0009
+.0010
-.OOOl
-.0006
-.0009
-.0029
-.0042
-iOil
-.0019
-.0033
-.0042
-.0049
+.0097
t.0156
+.0213
+ 0257
_.-..
+.25381+.3159
0
+.OOlO
+.0006
COO19
t.0014
~~~
-~
-.~
+.0029
+.OOl4
-.OOOl
+.0036
+.0002
-.0026
-.OOlO
+.0024
-.0005
+.0046
+.0060
+.0063
+.I616
+.2132
+.2673
+.3382
~~-
I.0
-.0036
+.0130
+.0092
+.0045
+.OOlZ
-.0003
0.8
+.0540
+.0163
+.0090
+.0036
+.0005
-.0006
+.0033
+.0016
0.6
+.093
t.0191
+ 0079
+.0016
-.OOlZ
-.0016
+.0036
0.4
+.I561
CO193
t.0048
-.OOll
-.0027
-.0022
+.0039
0.2
+.I218
r~.ollo
l .ooll
-.OOlZ
-.OOlb
-.oooz
t.0022
-.oooo
+.0024
+.0649
+.0070
+:OOEB
-.OOOO
+.I274
+.2163
+.2612
t.3210
-.
+.0004
+.0003
-.0014
-.0025
-.0031
-.0052
-.0070
-.0062
-.0025
-.0036
-.0041
-.0044
+.0146
t.0226
+.0301
+.0358
+.oobs
-.0007
-.0016
-.0023
+.0009
-.0020
-.0043
-.0060
--.0072
-.0014
-.0055
-.OOSl
-.0097
-.01oa
-.0013
-.G23
-.OO:;
-.0006
+.0002
+.01&i
+.0246
+.0348
+.0438
+.0507
r.3569
1.0
+.0261
+.Ol96
+.OlO3
+.0027
II
0.8
+.0667
t.0207
+.0069
+0017
0.6
+.0943
+.0209
+.0064
1:0004
0.4
+.15;2
+.OI88
+:0026
-.0024
0\
0.2
+.I166
-.OOlZ
-.0003
+.0008
+.ool9
-.0016
-.0008
+.0016
l .004l
+.0059
t.0016
+.0096
0
+.OOOO
+.0035
+.0066
+.ooee
+.0107
+.o174
To329
+.0440
+.0534
l .0603
+.OOlS
t.1676
r.2512
+.2879
+.3346
+.3567
VY
Y
b .__._
0 _____ y
Moment
Reaction
= (Goefficient)(pb*)
= (Coefficient)
(pb)
W.
POSITIVE
S ION
CONVENTION
varying
load.
38
,,
ia
0.6
l .oolo
+.0007
*.0006
+.0005
+.0003
+.0001
+.0001
0.6
+.0039
+.0015
+.OOll
+.0006
t.0003
t.0001
l ,000
0.4
~+.0207(+.0032~+.0016~+.0006~-.00001-.0002[
0.2
+.0756
+.0051
+.0221
+.00011+.00021+.00021+.0002lt,0003
+.0013
-.0004
-.0006
-.0007
+.OOlO
-.0002
-.0013
-.0021
-.0026
-.0030
0.6
0.4
+.0244
+.0036
+.0016
t.0003
-.0003
-.0004
0.2
+.0747
+.0049
+.0006
-.0006
-.OOlO
-.0007
I+.0201
0.6
0.4
~+.0007~+.0015)*.0020~+.0025~
~+.0066~+.0024~+.0014(+.0006~+.0001
l-.0001
.~+.0256~+.0041~*.0010(-.0003~.0006/-.0005[
0.6
0.2
1t.02151
I+.0091
~+.0005~*.0003~+.00021+:00001-.00011-
)+.0012(+.0021~+.0027~*.0030~
I+.0031
~+.0014~+.0003~-.00021-.00031
l+.OOOfi
fl
~+.0037~+.0074~+.01021*.
l+.O(
~+.0006~+.0003~+.0001
II-.(
+.0111
+.0034~+.0011~-.00001-.0004)-.00031
+.0246
+.0039
+.0004
-.0006
-.0007
-.0004
*.0006
-.0004
1 + 0723
+.0034
-.0006
-.OOlO
-.0006
-.0003
+.0007
-.0019
-.0025
1+.00071+.00031-.00031-.00071-.OOlOi-.OOl2
0013
I
J
-.0017
-.0019
-.002l
-.0023
-.oOl9
-.0017
Y
A
-+- IA
M.
Moment
Reaction
(Coefficient)
(pd)
= (Coefficient)
(pb)
R,
5
-3-X
0
MY
@
W.
POSITIVE
ho ,URE 32.-Pkztejixed
along
reaction
coeficients,
SIGN
CONVENTION
varying
locrrd.
1 y/b
h%I
IO.2
IO.4
IO.6
IO.8
1 1.0
1.0
0. 8
-.oooo
-.oooo
0. 6
-.OOOl
+.oooo
0. 4
0. 2
0
+.oooo
+.oooo
+.oooo
0
0
+.oooo
0
0
0
+.oooo
+.oooo
+.oooo
+.ooot
IO.2
IO.4
0
+..oooo
+.oooo
+.oooo
+.0001
0
+.oooo
+.oooo
+.oooo
+.0001
0.6
0
+.oooo
+.oooo
+.oooo
+.oooo
IO.8
0
+.oooo
+.oooo
+.oooo
+.oooo
1 I.0
0
+.oooo
t.0000
+,oooo
+.oooo
t.0004
t.0010
+.0016
+.ooee
+.0027
~Y~+,0050~t.0I69~+.0463~t.0669~+.09611(c.11651
I. 0
0.6
0.6
-.0007
+.oooo +.ooot
+.ooot
+.0001 +.oooo
+.0001
+.0001
+.0001
+.0001
+.0001
+.oooo
+.oooo
+.oooo
+.oooo
+,oooo
+.oooo
+.0001
t.0004
'.0003
+.0002
+.0001
+.0001
t.oooo
+.0001
+.oooi
t.0001
+.a001
+.OOOI
t.0001
1+.0212l+.00~i~+.00031-.0001
I- 00021-.00011
Ill-.00021-.0002l-.000I1
nl-
I I+
nnnsl+
0001~-.ooo3~-.0002~-.oaa1
m-ml+
nnnll-
ooool-.ooool
1+.0003)+.00001-.OOOZ/-.00041-.00051-.00061
1+.00021-.00011-.00041-.00051-.0006l-.0007l
)+.00021-.00031-.00051-,00061-.0006(-.0006l
It.ooOl
017
lt.OOOll+.OO~OOl-.OOOOl-.OOaol-.oooll
1+.ooo21-.00041-.00061-.00051-.00051-.0005l
Moment
Jeoction
(Goefficlenf)(pb?
: (Coefftclent)
(pb)
M, -+-IA
R
0 RY
I
45J-
MY
POSITIVE
FIGURE 33.-Plate
edges, moment
and reaction
coeficients,
Load VII,
SIGN
l/6
CONVENTION
unijownly
varying
load.
Moment
Reaction
(Coefficient)(po*)
= (Coefficient)(po)
ieo-rl
FIGURE
34.-Plate
POSITIVE
edgeqmcnnent
SIQN
CONVENTION
Load I, uniform
load.
Moment = (Coefficient)(po*)
Reoctmn = (Coefficaent)(
po)
POSITIVE
FIG
m 35.-Plate
fixed
along four
edges, moment
and reaction
y= b/2.
_--_---._-_-
coeficients,
Load
uniformly
SISN
CONVENTION
varying
load, p=O
al0 lng
42
Moment
Reaction
(Coefflcient)(
(Coefficient)(po)
pa*)
POSITIVE
FIGURE
36.-Plate
edges, moment
and reaction
x= al.%
coeficients,
Load
XI,
uniformly
SIGN
CONVENTION
varying
load, p=O
alox
Accuracy
of
Method of Analysis
FINITE
difference
method
is inherently
approximate.
A factor
directly
affecting
its
accuracy is the closeness of spacing, hence the
number, of grid points.
In obtaining the solutions
presented in this monograph, a maximum number
of points was used, consistent with the objectives
of the study and the capacity of the available
electronic calculator.
A few instances may be found where there
appear to be irregularities
in the orderly progression of the coefficients as the ratio a/b changes.
Such instances are most likely to occur in the
low values of the ratio where, to gain accuracy,
the number of points used in the analysis was
increased as a/b decreased. Although these inconsistencies are undesirable
from an academic
standpoint,
they are not of sufficient magnitude
to affect materially
the usefulness of the results.
As a general check on the finite difference
method, problems for which exact solutions are
known have been computed.
The results indicate
that for spacings comparable to those used in this
study, errors in the maximum
moments may be
of the order of five percent.
Such accuracy is
THE
TABLE
Timoshenko
Method of this
Monograph 2
1. 1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.6
1.7
1. 8
1. 9
0.0264
0.0299
0.0327
0.0349
0.0381
0.0392
0.0401
0.0407
- 0.0269
- 0.0301
- 0.0329
- 0.0352
- 0.0384
- 0.0395
- 0.0404
-0.0410
1 These values taken directly from page 223, Reference 1, with due regard
for difference in sign conventions.
2 These values interpolated
from the column for p=O.3 of the preceding
table.
43
44
good agreement.
All coefficients have been computed
to four
decimal places for consistency and to indicate
significant
figures for many conditions
which
would have no significance
to three decimal
places. This should not be taken as an indication
that the percentage accuracy is greater than
no ted above.
Appendix I
An
Application
to a Design
Problem
THIS
appendix illustrates
use of the tabulated
coefficients by an application to a typical design
problem.
Figure 37 shows essential dimensions
and typical loads acting on an interior panel of a
counterfort
retaining wall.
Both wall and heel
slabs approximate
the condition of a plate fixed
along three edges and free along the fourth.
The
variations in thickness of the wall slab and the
relatively great thickness of the heel slab compared with its lesser lateral dimension are both,
perhaps to some degree, in violation
of basic
assumptions.
Ignoring these, however, is done
with the conviction that results obtained in this
manner are more nearly correct than what might
be determined by other available methods.
Center line dimensions have been used for both
slabs. The net loads, as determined from equi-
librium conditions, have been broken into components similar to certain of the typical Loads I
through XI.
These are illustrated
together with
a table of their numerical values in Figure 37.
It will be noted that for the wall slab, r=a/b=
0.2. This requires interpolation
on r for the
various loads and in the case of pB, interpolation
both on r and the load. For the heel slab,
r=a/b=1/2,
and since both component loads act
over the full area, no interpolation is required.
For illustrative
purposes, moments have been
computed along the assumed lines of support for
both the wall and heel slabs. Where interpolation was required to obtain the moment coefficients, second degree interpolation
was used. The
moment coe5cients and actual computed moments
are given in Tables 3 through 6.
45
DATA
Unit Weights
Concrete
Moist earth
Saturated
earth
Water
Surcharge Pressures
Vertical
Horizontal
Equivalent Fluid Weights
Moist earth
Saturated
earth
150
120
135
62.4
Ib/ft3
Ib/ft3
lb/+
Ib/ft3
360 Ib/fte
120 Ib/ft
40 Ib/ft3
75 Ib/ft
Water surface
elevatiorvt
--- -!
-
FRONT
ELEVATION
END
COUNTERFORT
DIMENSIONS
RETAINING
AND
TYPICAL
ELEVATION
WALL
DESIGN
LOADS
1L
L pw -H
WATER
pq-A
LOAD
COUNTERFORT
IDEALIZED
WALL
i-- ps-4
i.6
SURCHARGE
LOAD
SLAB
DIMENSIONS
AND
EARTH
INTERIOR
COMPONENT
PANEL
LOADS
Ffq+/iii??j
w----pu
----H
NET
LOAD
ON
HEEL
SLAG
COMPONENT
COUNTERFORT
IDEALIZE0
FIGURE
HEEL
SLAB
DIMENSIONS
37.-Counterfort
.- .--- ----
AND
~---p----~
LOADS
INTERIOR
COMPONENT
PANEL
LOADS
-_-..
LOAD
PORE
PRESSURE
LOAD
APPENDIX I
3.-M.
TABLE
T
Values of pb2+
0
0
0
0
0
0
0. 2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
I-
Moment coefficients
1118.5
-Y
b
-1032.3
PU
1.0
0. 8
0.6
0.4
0. 2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.0852
0.0807
$0.0712
+ 0.0545
+ 0.0250
+
+
x
-ii
0
0
0
0
0
0
0. 2
0. 4
0, 6
0. 8
1. 0
sb
1. 0
0. 8
0. 6
0. 4
0. 2
0
0
0
0
0
0
q-o.0151
$0.0216
+ 0.0273
+ 0.0277
$0.0160
+ 95.30
$90.26
+79.64
+ 60.96
$27.96
0
$2.13
+5.59
+8.95
$11.18
$11.97
+o. 0014
+ 0.0033
+ 0.0050
$0.0061
+ 0.0065
-
TABLE
4.-M,
for
Heel Slab at
--
--
- 15.59
-22.30
-28.18
- 28.59
- 16.52
0
-1.45
-3.41
-5.16
-6.30
-6.71
+79.7
+68.0
+51.5
$32.4
$11.4
0
$0.7
+2. 2
+3.8
$4.9
f5.3
Supports
Moments (foot-kips)
Total moment
(foot-kips)
-1032.3
M,
PV
M.
$0. 0043
$0. 0055
+ 0.0055
+O. 0032
0
+o. 0068
$0. 0167
+ 0.0252
$0. 0307
+ 0.0325
+ 18. 01
+ 15. 88
$12. 19
f5.59
0
+ 10. 51
f28. 19
+ 44.63
t-55. 81
f59. 73
-4.44
-5.68
-5.68
-3.30
0
-7.02
-17. 24
-26. 01
-31. 69
-33. 55
$13. 6
+10.2
+6. 5
+a. 3
0
$3. 5
+11.0
$18. 6
+24. 1
+26.2
Pu
--
1118.5
--
Moment coefficients
--
Total moment
(foot-kips)
-_
M"
$0.0019
+ 0.0050
+ 0.0080
+o. 0100
$0.0107
I-
Moments (foot-kips)
PP
--
Velues of pbb
-x
a
47
-0
0.0161
+O. 0142
+o. 0109
+o. 0050
0
+ 0.0094
+O. 0252
+ 0.0399
$0. 0499
+ 0.0534
+
48
TABLE
Moment
-i-985.5
-*
s
0
0
0
0
0
0
0. 2
0. 4
0. 6
0. 8
1. 0
-_--
PW
--
Pa
+ 0.0000
+O.
0
+o.
+o.
+o.
+o.
+o.
0009
0032
0002
0005
0007
0009
0010
-985.5
x
a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
?!
_-
2
4
6
8
0
PW
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0
0
0
0
0
0
--
_-0.0000
$0.0000
+o. 0002
+O. 0006
0
+o. 0011
+O. 0025
+ 0.0036
+ 0.0043
+O. 0046
Moment
6.-M,
M0ment.Y
(foot-kips)
-_
- --
P8
-+ 0.0004
M.
-$2. 10
s2.07
f2.11
+2. 10
$1. 62
0
+o. 05
i-0. 14
4-o. 21
-l-O. 25
+O. 28
0
+O. 0026
+O. 0027
$0.0026
+o. 0020
0
4-O. 0015
+o. 0041
-i-o. 0066
+o. 0082
$0.0088
0
+o. 0005
+o. 0011
+O. 0016
+O. 0016
0
+ 0.0014
+O. 0036
+O. 0056
+ 0.0069
+o. 0074
$0.56
+l. 67
$4.74
f9.47
+ 10. 45
0
+O. 42
+O. 84
+1.53
-I- 1. 95
+2.09
+o. 57
+1.33
+2. 10
+2. 67
+2. 86
--
f5.
+9.
+17.1
+25.
+24.0
0
+O.
+l.
+3.
+4.
-k4.
0
1
7
8
8
2
0
2
T
1392.9
--
PW
_---
+2.29
+5.34
+ 10. 29
+ 15.05
+ 15.05
--
coefficients
PS
M.
-_
1905.4
Total
moment
(foot-kips)
M.
_+o. 00
-0.00
-0.00
-0. 89
-3. 15
0
-0. 20
-0.49
-0.69
-0. 89
-0.99
+o. 0012
+o. 0034
+ 0.0068
+ 0.0075
0
+o. 0003
+O. 0006
+o. 0011
+o. 0014
+o 0015
157.7
-0
0
8
6
4
2
1399.9
_-
+0.0012
+o. 0028
+ 0.0054
+o. 0079
+ 0.0079
0
+o. 0003
+ 0.0007
+o. 0011
+o. 0014
+o. 0015
TABLE
Values of
pbz-1
_-
PO
-- -+o. 0133
+o. 0131
$0.0134
+o. 0133
+o. 0103
0
+o. 0003
+o. 0009
+o. 0013
+O. 0016
+o 0018
- 0.0000
+o. 0000
+o.
1905.4
-.
_-
1. 0
0. 8
0. 6
0. 4
0. 2
0
0
0
0
0
0
we&icients
-7
157.7
5.-M.
Moments
(foot-kips)
---
0
+o. 0002
+o. 0007
+o. 0014
+o. 0015
0
+ 0.0014
+O. 0036
+o. 0055
+ 0.0068
+O. 0072
+:.
0
+o. 41
+o. 43
+o. 41
+O. 32
0
+O. 24
+O. 65
fl. 04
+1.29
+1.39
00
-0.00
-0. 20
-0.59
0
-1.08
-2. 46
-3.55
-4.24
-4.53
_-
_-
M,
_0
+o. 95
+2.10
+3.05
+3.05
0
+2.67
+6. 86
+ 10. 67
+13.15
+ 14. 10
Total
moment
(foot-kips)
M.
MQ
PO
-- --
-0
+l.
+3.
+5.
+4.
0
+3.
+10.1
+15.
+19.7
+21.0
0
+O. 28
+O. 98
+1.95
+2.09
0
+1.95
+5.01
f7.66
+9.47
+ 10.03
6
5
2
9
8
8
Appendix II
The Finite Difference
Method
Introduction
The bending of thin elastic plates or slabs subjected to loads normal to their surfaces has been
studied by many investigators.
throughe A large
number of specific problems have been solved by
exact or approximate means, and these results are
available.
(See, for instance,3.)
Exact and certain approximate methods are frequently difficult
to apply except to structures where some symmetry exists and where a simple loading is used.
The finite difference method, however, is readily
adaptable to rectangular plates having any of the
usual edge conditions and subjected to any loading.
In Denmark,
as early as 1918, N. J. Nielsen
applied the finite difference method to the solution
of plate problems.
In his book 4 he has analyzed
t,he problem in considerable detail and has given
numerical
solutions
for a number
of cases.
H. Marcus
published
an excellent book 5 in
Germany in 1924 on this subject in which he included numerous examples.
In the United States,
Wise, Holl, and Barton u.7 a have contributed
to
the literature
of finite difference solutions for
Mathematical
Relations
50
(0)
INTERIOR
POINT
(bl
GRID
POINT
DESIGNATION
P
Q,b
h
r
Y
Z,N,E,...NE:ki
n,e,s
,... SW,W
3 t
Ml, MY
by * Myx
VI, VY
?I,
Ry
P
R
E
I
P
D
v
POSITIVE
SIGN
GRID
SYSTEM
0
(C)
SUB-DIVIDED
CONVENTION
quotient
operator:
Vw = +-
+ 2&
+ $.
NOTATION
FIGURE 38.-Grid
point designation
APPENDIX II
Partial
differential
equation:
(1)
Fixed edge conditions :
w=o,
(2.01)
bW
T&=0.
(2.02)
w=o,
(3.01)
$+p s?&J
(3.02)
(4.02)
g+h4
(5.01)
=0 (both directions),
d2W
--
(5.02)
(5.03)
bndt-
Bending moments :
(6.01)
M Y=D
Twisting
b2W~~d2~
by2
3x2 *
(6.02)
moments :
(7)
Shears :
V
V YE-D
(8.01)
b3+ b3W
bY3 bx2by
g=O
51
the partial
(8.02)
derivatives
52
Based on the usual methods of finite differences, the difference quotient relations required
in this development can be written directly and
are given below.
All of the difference quotients
are given with reference to the focal point, lettered
Z.
Aw
1
(9.01)
bx=2rh
(E--W),
A2w
1
z=13h2
W--274+W),
A3w
1
-s---2?h3
A4w
-==
Ax4
(EE--2E+2W-WW),
(EE-4E+6Z--4W+WW),
g=$
$=$
A3w
e=2h3
$=;
A%V
-=-1
A3w
(9.03)
(9.04)
(N-S),
(9.05)
(N--2Z+S),
(9.06)
(NN-2N+S-SS),
(9.07)
(NN-4N+6Z-4S+SS),
AxAy 4rh2
(9.02)
(NE-NW+SIW-SE),
(9.08)
(NE-2E+SE-NW-b-2W-SW),
(NE-2E+SE-2N
+4Z---2S+NW--2W+SW).
(9.12)
The approximate
counterparts
of the basic
relations (1) through (8.02) may now be written.
For instance if V4w is used to represent the difference quotient equivalent to the left-hand member
of equation (l), and the partial derivatives
are
replaced by their corresponding
difference quotients, (9.04)) (9.08), and (9.12)) there results:
vw=&
(9.11)
A%
7=&4
Ax Ay
(10)
(11)
(9.10)
A3w
+2(3+4r2+31d)Z].
(9.09)
(NE-2N+NW-&+2S-SW),
L\X2ay=2r2h3
-=k3
-4(l+r)(E+W)--4r2(1+r2)(N+S)
[EE+WW+r4(NN+SS)
+2r2(NE+SE+SW+NW)
PZ
(12)
of p at point N,
of (1) may now
(13)
APPENDIX II
Multiplying
both sides of (13) by h4 and replacing
V% by the deflections as given by (10) leads to :
53
In like manner
n, and s:
W.,----M,)h+
$ [EE+WW+r4(NN+SS)
centers at w,
Wrxnna-M,.,,)rh+V+rh2=0,
(16.02)
+2r2(NE+SE+SW+NW)
-40
+3(E+W)--4r2(1
Of,, ---M&h+
+r%N+S)
+2(3+4ra+3r4)Zl=~z
g*
(MxYne--Mxy,,)h+V,,,rh2=0,
(16.03)
(14)
(M,,--M,s)rh+(M,,,e-M,,,)h+V,,rh2=0.
(15)
For the similar element with center at e, equilibrium of moments about the center line ne-se requires that
(16.04)
If equations (15) and (16.01) through (16.04) are
combined to eliminate the shears, noting at the
same time that MIY=MYX, there results
; CM,, --2M,,+M,,)+2(M,,,e--M,,,,+M,,,
--MxYBJ +r(M,,--2M,,+M,,)
(17)
An approximation
to each moment in terms of
deflections is obtained if the partial differentials
of the definitions
(6.01); (6.02), and (7) are replaced by their proper difference quotients corresponding to (9.02), (9.06), and (9.09).
For instance,
M.,=-&
[E-2Z+W+Lcr*(N-2Z+S)]
(18)
and
M une=---W-P)
rh2
[NE-N+Z--El.
(19)
Substituting
these and corresponding relations for
the other moments into (l7), and multiplying
both sides by h2/rD gives
f (WW-4W+GZ--4E+EE)+$
(Mxz -M&+
=Pe.
(NW-2N
(M,,B-M,.,Jrh
+NE-2W+4Z-2E+SW-2S+SE)
+w.,+vx,>
However,
if
the elements
are sufficiently
r;=o.
small,
f (v.,+v.,)
may be replaced with VXe so that
ME---M.&+
+(NN--4N+6Z--4S+SS)=s
OLne -M,.,,)rh+V.~rh2=0.
(16.01)
54
Equations are
APPENDIX II
55
written for each point of the 3-, 2-, l-, and 7-rows
(see Figure 68). However, in writing equations
for the 3- and 2-rows use is made of the previously
computed deflections for the 4- and 5-rows.
In
addition, the solution of the 20 equations gives
new and improved values of deflections for the
3-, 2-, and l-rows.
For Point 42, for example, the
array (f) of Figure 65 is used to conform with the
The equation
spacing of the grid points involved.
for Load I is
Substituting
numerical
values for
various deflections, this becomes
-28w21+21Owzz+
-SW,,+?
low,,+
176~31-936~~~
~~,-364w~~+~
5057
+ 176w51- 936w&w~=4
w42
;=0.649428
;.
the
e
(h2) (g)
[--(32)(0.004944)-(16)(0.021325)
+(128)(0.007860)-(32)(0.009833)]
=(0.03125+0.192016)ph2=0.223266ph2.
3 ph4
D-~44.
Substituting
for Point 44, its deflection as determined from the 30 equations
gives, for the
right-hand member
(0.75-0.100572)
R3,,=0.03125ph2+
PsO and
R,,,=R3&h=0.893064ph,
or in terms of b
R,,,=O.l78613pb,
which is in the units used in Figures 1 through 33.
Similarly,
for example, the bending moment
M, at Point 23 is computed using array (g) of
Figure 69. Thus
Again inserting
Mx23=(;)
@)
numerical
values
[(16)(0.015283)
t-(0.2)(0.029914)-(32.4)(0.043935)
+(0.2)(0.046526)+(16)(0.073156)]
=0.006818ph2=0.000273pb2.
Upon completion
of computation
of the reactions, a partial check of the solution may be
For
obtained from equilibrium
considerations.
Load I, a/b=1/4,
the total load on one-half
of the plate is p(5h)(5h/4)=6.25
ph2. The
summation
of the R/ph2 column of Figure 70
should agree with this, and it is seen to be in
error by something less than 0.015 percent.
56
-4r*-
-4-4r*
4r4
+6+8r*+
+ 2r*
- 4r*-
+ 2r*
6r
-4
- 4re
4r4
+ 2r*
INTERIOR
POINT
+I
p
rh2O
P
rhe
h .
+ r4
(0)
+ r4
(b)
/
/
/
/
POINT
ADJACENT
TO A FIXED
X-EDGE
+ r4
+
-4rt-
4r4
+ 2 r*
=
/
/
/
/
- 4+
4r4
+2rg
+ r4
(C)
POINT
ADJACENT
TO
A FIXED
Y-EDGE
+ r4
(d)
POINT
ADJACENT
TO A FIXED
CORNER
NOTES
Except where otherwise
indicated
horizontol
spacing
of grid
points
is rh units
ond vertical
spacing
h units.
An osterisk
(*I indicates
thot no coefficient
is required
because the
fixed-edge
deflection
ot thot
point
is zero.
An edge porollel
to the X-Axis
is designoted
OS on X-Edge.
An edge porollel
to the Y-Axis
is designated
OS o Y-Edge.
A fixed
edge is indicated
thus:
T7T/777TTTT
A moment-free
edge is indicated
thus:
Any factor
preceding
on array
of coefficients
is o multiplier
of each element
of the orroy.
FIGURE
39.-Load-dejlection
relations,
Sheet I.
h4
T
APPENDIX II
(0)
POINT
ADJACENT
TO
57
MOMENT-FREE
CORNER
(b)
POINT
ADJACENT
TO A MOMENT-FREE
X-EDGE
(c)
POINT
ADJACENT
TO
A MOMENT-FREE
POINT
ADJACENT
TO
A MOMENT-FREE
X-EDGE
P
rhe
h
-6
P
-z-b
Y-EDGE
++
(cl)
-- P
rh2
AND
FIXED
Y-EDGE
P
rkQ
FIXED
X-EDQL
+r4
+ 20
-40
- 4r4
+(2-p)r*
-2-212-p)
Y-EDQE
AN0
////////////////////////////////////////////////~
(a)
POINT
ADJACENT
TO A MOMENT-FREE
NOT&--For
general
FIGURE 40.-Load-deflection
39.
Sheet ZZ.
-. h
h
D
58
+ r4
(0)CONANT-FREE
X-EDGE
+ I + 4(1
(b)
(C)
POINT
ON
POINT
ON
MOMENT-FREE
MOMENT-FREE
X-EDGE
(P-R)
- r h*
ADJACENT
Y-EDGE
TO
MOMENT-FREE
=
t(2
- fi)rp
h
0
Y-EDGE
(P-R)
h4
rh*
-D--
-2(i-u)r~2(1-u~)r4
++(i-gz)r4
(d)
POINT
(13)
ON
POINT
MOMENT-FREE
ON
MOMENT-FREE
Y-EDGE
ADJACENT
X-EDGE
TO
ADJACENT
MOMENT-FREE
TO
X-EDGE
FIXED
Y-EDGE
FIXED
X-EDGE
++(I-p*)r4
(f)
POINT
ON
MOMENT-FREE
NOT&-For
Y-EDGE
ADJACENT
TO
FIGURE 41.-Load-dejlection
relations,
39.
Sheet III.
APPENDIX II
(0)
POINT
ON
MOMENT-FREE
59
CORNER
(b)
POINT
ON
FIXED
*+
k
(d)
POINT
ON
CORNER
FIXED
Y-EDGE
+2r2
L
r4
(0)
POINT
ON
ADJACENT
FIXED
TO A
X-EDGE
FIXED
-4-4r*
CORNER
+I
(t)
POINT
ON
ADJACENT
A
TO
FIXED
A FIXED
-l.,;,,,fi/,z ~
Y-EDGE
CORNER
(P-RI
r h2
h
T-
!!I,
D
(0)
POINT
TO
ON
A
A FIXED
MOMENT-FREE
X-EDGE
ADJACENT
Y-EDGE
(h)
POINT
ON
A
TO
(i
POINT
ON
FIXED
X-
ht0htE~T-FREE
Y-CORNER
Nom.-For
( j)
POINT
ON
FIQURE 42.-Load-deflection
relations,
Sheet IV.
A FIXED
MOMENT-FREE
FIXED
Y-
Y-EDGE
ADJACENT
X-EDGE
MOMENT-FREE
X-CORNER
60
+r
i
P
h
2 rp
4 rz
4 r4
+ 2re
I
-P
=
+2r*
+--rh-s+<
-4r*-
6r4
____ rh--.+
(0)
+2r*
INTERIOR
Th
POINT
r4
,+
(b)
POINT
+2
r,,
-+,+.-
rt
-4P
rh --__
ADJACENT
6r4
TO
----
(2
P
X0
-pL)r*
rh -----
,j
MOMENT-FREE
Y-EDGE
I ++(I -p) r*
+ (2-p)?
-2(1-p)r*-2(1-p*)r
+ (2-P)@
-2(l
-/L)+3(l-Z)r
++(I
b---rh---+j+
(c)
POINT
Nom-For
FIGURE 43.-Load-de$ection
ON
_____
-PI
rh----A
MOMENT-FREE
Y-EDGE
P
37
vertical
spacing:
at h; 1 at h/B, Sheet V.
h
T
APPENDIX II
61
+ r4
I
s
+128
-&+Zr*
=
I-&
1+$+4r
p--rh---*
_____
rh
(a)
----*
----
rh
INTERIOR
____
*---rh--q
POINT
+ r4
I
k-rh--*--
(b)
POINT
+8r4
I
rh ---+
ADJACENT
__-_-
TO
rh ----
+/
MOMENT-FREE
Y-EDGE
+t(t-pe)r4
+*
- & +(2-tc)r*
+*-2(l-p)rc
-3(1-p*)
r*
I
7
1 +4(1
km-(c)
POINT
rh---e
ON
NOTE.-FOI
FIGURE 44.-Load-dejlection
-P)r
____ rh _____ 4
MOMENT-FREE
Y-EDGE
vertical
spacing:
- P
rh'
-.h'
0
62
5
+128
+105
IJ
=
128
I I
7
+&+4+
-64
-&.
r++
--__
-64
+ 64
r4
3
I
,+t--
+&+4rr
t3rt-40r4
r,, ---+
(a)
L&+.
__---
+-++-~,--~
INTERIOR
POINT
i
$h
7
+=+4r=
-&
-z
35
f h
k
- are-40r4
+64
/-+- rh--*
(b)
ADJACENT
TO
+&+2(2-p)r*
____ rh _- ____ 4
MOMENT-FREE
(I -pe)
Y-EDGE
r4
=
-is-
+ 2(2-p)r*
____
(c)
rh---+-------rh
POINT
ON
NOTE.--For
FIGURE
45.-Load-deflection
relations,
IP-R) h .
rh2 0
-&-4(1-p)rL-20(i-p1)P
rh2
r4
POINT
PA!.
(I-pz)r*
_______
A
general
MOMENT-FREE
notes
see Figure
vertical spacing:
Y-EDGE
39.
APPENDIX II
63
7h
P h
= --.
rh*
D
+4rP
-are-
32r4
I
(a)
+4re
+6r4
I
INTERIOR
POINT
+$
r4
%
i,h
*
+h
+4rp
+
+h
P
-Ore-
32r
+2(2
--. I'
rh*
-p)r*
+0r4
+-rh--4---rh
(b)
POINT
----
ADJACENT
TO
+ 2(2
I
7
-PC)
MOMENT-FREE
r*
++-+
0(1 -p)r*
+ 661,-pcljr4
I
(c)
POINT
rh ----*
ON
NOTE.-For
FIGURE 46.-Load-deflection
(P-R)
--.
rh'
h4
0
-~-p)r*-i6(1-pe)r
+2(2-p)r*
k---
Y-EDGE
-4wF12(1-pV
-4(2-pL)r
-I
+t
*-----rh-----+/
_____
rh
+4(1
- ___-
-p*)r
MOMENT-FREE
Y-EDGE
relations,
vertical spacing:
39.
h4
D
64
-I
- Lg -,2p
105
+256
+&+gre
-Tk
b--rh--e
-g-
--___
rh
(a)
INTERIOR
----+
I
F
+ &-+
I +i56
+105
256
0r r
?.
-35
rh----++--rh--4
POINT
- 6r-
I
4oP
G-l6r*-192r4
I
b--rh--e----
rh
POINT
----_
ADJACENT
64t
-&
+2(2-pL)r
-$
-_____
TO
-p)r*
+2(2
+ & t 4(2-p)+
rh
+&t4(2-p)r
rh------d
MOMENT-FREE
+$(I
-2)
Y-EDGE
r*
II
+A-4(1-p)r*-20(1-p*)+
II
-6s
Lx..
5
+256
I
- &
- 9(1 -p)r~9ql-p*)
+32(1
P-R)
rh*
h .
D
r*
-/4r
II
km-(c)
rh ---*
POINT
__---___
ON
NOTE.--For
FIGURE 47.-Load-deflection
relations,
--A
=
+&+Br
+A!..
rh
105
+isd
-6
(b)
______
105
=-,2rg
++r .
25
-&+4rg
16rL - 192r4
I
+zz
496
++$+24r+-j-r
rh------A
MOMENT-FREE
Y-EDGE
39.
APPENDIX II
+ $
65
r4
--.P
rh*
=
-7
+&-
+8r
-$+
-16r
126
7
+3-i-++rP
-320r
h'
D
7
-128
A
+ 51e
3
+-rf+-+
r4
(a)
INTERIOR
++
POINT
r4
- *
+&
+ 69
-$$
-16r*-320r
+w
be-
(b)
rh --+
POINT
_____
+4(2-p)r*
r*
rh ----+
ADJACENT
+&
h'
D
--.P
rh*
______
TO A
rh ____-
MOMENT-FREE
+ f
(I -p*)
Y-EDGE
r*
$
*
fh
x
f;,
f
5
+e56
-&
+ 2(2-p)r*
+A
-4(1-p)r*-20(1-p*)r
=.
P-R)
rh'
r)
-T&i
+*
+4(2-p)r
-&-8(1-p)rc-i60(i-$)r4
+?(I
-p*)r4
II
b--fh---e
(c)
POINT
______rh _______4
ON
Nom-For
FIQURE 48.-Load-dejlection
relations,
A MOMENT-FREE
Y-EDGE
66
b---r,,
-+,+-
--__
r,, -----
(0)
+-s-v
INTERIOR
POINT
+gr*
32r
+2(2-p)r*
+4rc
- 8rg-
32r4
+2(2-p)
_____
______
__-_
rh
ADJACENT
POINT
ON
FIGURE 49.-Load-dejfection
rh
_____
r*
++
TO A MOMENT-FREE
____ *-
NOTE.-For
+2(2-p)
.f+----rh
r,,+..,
POINT
-8r-
(Cl
+--
+4rz
b--rh---+/.+
(b)
rh -----
rc
Y-EDGE
I -4(1-p)r1-16(1-p)r411
__---
rh -----
A MOMENT-FREE
Y-EDGE
vertical spacing:
APPENDIX II
67
+ 64
r.
3
+ 9r*
-l6r*-
+6rP
- 16r*
192r4
+6r2
256r
+64r4
J
b-rh--+----rh
____
(0)
+----rh
----+--rh--d
INTERIOR
POINT
+y
r
I
--.P
rh*
I
~-rh-~---
(b)
POINT
+64r*
rh---++g-----rh
ADJACENT
TO
____ 4
MOMENT-FREE
+y
$h
4
+4(2
I-++
-+
(I-p*)+
-6(l-p)r-
-p)
96(1-p)
r,, -+
POINT
-e(l-p)re-126(1-pc)r4
_______
ON
NOTE.-FOT
FIGURE 50.-Load-deflection
r4
-8(2-p)P
+ 32(l
(c)
II
(I
+4(2-p)r
+-c-m
Y-EDGE
r,, - _____
-PL)r4
II
+,
MOMENT-FREE
Y-EDGE
relations,
vertical spacing:
h
D
68
I
r)
+IoI
-j+$-24r
512
&
+&
+z+46rt+yr4
+ 16r
-j$-24rt
-.&-32~1536r4
b--rh--+-----rh
____ h
(a)
+&
+s
+ 16r
rh
- &
INTERIOR
+ 84
3
POINT
r4
p At.
-3-D
-!r4
+&+16r*
-&
- &
-32r-
1536r4
+ &
+ 6(2-p)
_____
r*
+512r4
k--rh-e
(b)
-____
POINT
rh
ADJACENT
____
+j+-----
TO A
I
5
-&+4(2-p)rE
+sle
t$
rh
MOMENT-FREE
++(I
-p*)r*
Y-EDGE
II
-6(l-~)+l6OfJ+)+
=
-I
+&+6(2-p)r*
256
-&
- 16(1-/~)+766(1
+256(1
(P-R) h
--.
rh D
+,r
-PC)+
II
b---rh
(cl
____ +
POINT
ON
NOTE.--For
FIQIJRE 51.-Load-deflection
relations,
_______ rh _______ 4
A MOMENT-FREE
Y-EDGE
39.
vertical spacing:
APPENDIX II
$
x
- 16r*-
69
256r4
f'h
x
f'h
+6r*
f
flh
-16rz-
266r.
P
-;i;p
+ 6re
+64r4
bt---rh.--+
_____rh ____e
(a)
-I
f:h
*
t:
*
flh
*
_____rh ____+-rh--d
INTERIOR
POINT
+64r4
I
7Ic+T
+Ort
-l6r-
256r
+6re
--16+
-256r4
+4(2-p)
P
h'
Ti;fO'
rt
+@h
k
+64r4
f+--rh---*
(b)
POINT
____ rh _____ *
ADJACENT
TO A MOMENT-FREE
,+--r,,/+
(c)
POINT
ON
NOTE.-For
FIGURE 52.-Load-deflection
______ rh _____ -f
Y-EDGE
A MOMENT-FREE
Y-EDGE
vertical spacing:
h'
T-'
70
+16r
-32r
b--rh--+
-_____
rh ----
(a)
*-----rh
- 32r
+,6,.F1
____
INTERIOR
+ l6r*
f
fh
- 1536r
4--,-h--d
POINT
1536r4
+6(2
-p)rc
= m$+.
-+q++&
+I++
+ l6r*
-32r*
- 2046r
+6(2-p)r*
+ 512r4
(b)
POINT
ADJACENT
TO
I
+ 6(2
k--rh
(c)
POINT
______
ON
NOTE.-For
FIGURE
53.-Load-deflection
MOMENT-FREE
+?(I
-pE)r4
-160 +)r-
-p)r*
--+
rh _____
relations,
II
766(1-/L*)
-4
MOMENT-FREE
general
Y-EDGE
Y-EDGE
vertical spacing:
39.
71
APPENDIX II
+512r4
P
rhL
+16r
- 32re-
2046P
+l6r*
+ 512 r
kc--
rh ---*-----rh
_____ *
(a)
INTERIOR
--+
POINT
+512 r4
+ 16r
- 32r*-
2046P
+16r
- 32 r-
2046
r4
+6(2
-pL)r*
+s12r4
k--rh---*
(b)
POINT
ADJACENT
TO
A MOMENT-FREE
+256(1-
+6(2
-pLr*
+6(2-p)+
+c---rh--+
(c)
POINT
ON
NOTE.-For
FIGURE 54.-Load-dejlection
Y-EDGE
PL) r
--16(1 -~)r-lO24(1-~~
-16(1-~)+1024(1-cp)
____ -rh------4
A MOMENT-FREE
general notes see Figure
relations,
vertical
spacing:
Y-EDGE
39.
h
0
b-irh
+--+rh---h--s
rh---h-irh-F(
4r
birh+--+rh--+--+rh--+-$rh-4
-16r*-
--.(P-R)
rh*
h'
D
tzr'
+4r4
bkrh-*--irh--h--$rh--+-irh-4
+ +
+4rz
-6rz-
r'
2r4
+4r'
(P-ax,
rh'
NOTE.-FOT
FIGURE
55.-Load-deflection
relations,
horizontal
spacing:
39.
.$ at rhl%, Sheet XVII.
APPENDIX II
73
(P-R)
rh
- 16P*-
+ 6P
16f
+er
+4r4
I
7
+ 6r
- 16f-
16f4
P
rhTD
2.
P
7
h
-=
D
+ 6P
+4r
+-+rh
-+--$
rh---+--+rh
---+-
+ 4 r4
rh
-4
b-$rhh--frh--h--irh--*-rh-c(
Th
+$r
f
i
+ 4r
$.,,
r2
8r
3r
rh
+4r
+ $r*
+ 4r*
1 -
,+,,++$
50.-Load-dejlection
rh ---wf+--3rh
NOTE.--For
FIGURE
6~
relations,
2r4
+4r*
--+-
rh -4
horizontal
spacing:
39.
74
+ 8rP
12r*
24r'
(P-A)
7
rh
h'
--
+ 4r*
+6r4
1
b-irh-rt<---$rh--+
____
rh---+--rh-+
+2r'
=
+
6fP
i2r2-
24r4
P
--.
rh'
h'
P
--.
rh'
h4
+ 4rg
+6r'
b-$rh-+---irh
--+f+----rh---*--rh--,../
Jr
4
+6
r'
+6rp
12r*
16r.
+4r*
+6r'
h---+rh---Zt,
b-$rh
____
rh---+--rh--+
+Jr4
+4rz
6r*
3r'
=
P
2
rh
h4
-0
+2r*
b-irh-+---krh
--+----,-h
---*--rh-+
+ Jr
4
P
rh'
-6r*
+4r*
+zr*
Nom.-For
FIGURE
57.-Load-deflection
relations,
Jr4
+2r2
spacing:
39.
2 at rh/d;
h'
-.
D
APPENDIX II
75
+6r'
b-krh*
=r'
___- rh ---e
rh ---e--,-h-+
k-irh-4
h4
rh'
_-__ ,-h---e---
I3
(P-RI
--.
---_
,-h ---*-,-h
P
I--.
rh
h'
ha
2-*
rh
-4
Th
f
khrh
4--rh
--e---rh---*-rhd
+r'
;f
i;
$,,
r2
I
7
+2
r*
-4r*
bhrh
6r'
2rP
8r'
3
-4
b--rh--+=-/+---rh--+-j+-rh
+r4
+2r*
4r"
4r4
--. P
rh*
+ 2rp
+r*
birh
+---rh
Nom.-For
FIGURE
58.-Load-desection
rh
--e---rh--W/N-
relations,
horizontal
spacing:
39.
1 at rh/8; 3
at
h'
D
76
6r*
32r'
4rt
(P-R)
--.
rh'
+4r'
- 6P
32r'
h'
D
4r'
6r'
j-e-rh-+--rh--+---rh---+--rh-4
Lr'
3
P
--.
rh*
=
+4r'
-6r'-
32r'
+
h'
D
+4r'
6r*
+r4
I
7
+P
h4
77-D'
+4r'
er'-
24r4
+4r*
+6r'
b-rhh---rh
--+---rh--4--rh-c(
+r4
+2r1
4r'-
6r'
h*
rh'
--.
+2r'
++rb
b-r h-4---
rh --4--+
rh ---h-
rh --f
r*
+2re
-4r'
4r'
+2r*
+r*
+-rh-+---
rh
NOTE.-For
FIGURE 59.-Load
---+---
rh--+-
rh-4
deJEection relations,
horizontal
spa&a:
3%
.4 at rh. Sheet XXI.
--.
h'
rh*
APPENDIX II
77
I+-rh--+a---h-+-j
I-c-rh-+k--rh-+I
b)
(a)
l+rh+t+rh+
(4
INTERIOR
POINT
Mx = $31
My = 0
-4
t+-rh-+-rh
k4
(e)
tJI
+2rx
b=?pry!t
-t
+e(l-p)r*
My=++
H
Mx
M,
pm,
(i)
(h)
EDGE
AND
CORNER
POINTS
I+-rh--+--rh--4
I+-rh-+I+-rh-+I
(i)
(k)
INTERIOR
AND
EDGE
Mr
POINTS
= 0
(4
EDGE
(ml
- NONUNIFORM
SPACING
MI
AND
CORNER
POINTS
- FRACTIONAL
VERTICAL
NOTES
4
M xv =
M,
MYI =
0
0
at
ot
NOTE.--For
FIQURE 6O.-Momentdejlection
0
(t)
1s)
corner.
39.
relations.
SPACING
78
Mx P
ah*
b-+-rh
,--rh-+--rh
+-rh-w,
-v,
Nom.-For
FIGURE 61.-Moment-dejlection
relations,
various
39.
point spacings.
APPENDIX II
INTERIOR
POINT
vy=$&0
eF
-(l-IL)
+I
+2
I I -u)
t
-(I-P)
r2
-2(l
0
r2)
+I
+r2
(4
POINT
ADJACENT
TO
MOMENT-FREE
EOQE
E
-r2(l-fi)
+2re(i-Cc)
D
v,
=Tm
-2+(1-u)
+r2(
(e)
(f)
POINT
ON
MOMENT-FREE
EDGE
(9)
POINT
ON
(h)
MOMENT-FREE
NOTE.-FOT
FIGURE
EDGE
ADJACENT
TO
62.-Shear-deflection
MOMENT-FREE
39.
Telations, Sheet I.
CORNER
I-u)
80
v,=P
h 2
(b)
POINT
ADJACENT
TO A FIXED
EWE
(cl
(4
POINT
ON
FIXED
EDGE
/
/
/
/
,
VY =
-$-&r
(4
IfI
POINT
ON
FIXED
EOQE
ADJACENT
TO
A FIXED
CORNER
(e)
POINT
(h)
0N.A
MOMENT-FREE
NOTE.--For
EDQE
ADJACENT
TO A FIXED
FIGURE 63.~Shear-dejlection
relations,
39.
Sheet ZZ.
EDQE
-2
APPENDIX II
vx =-
81
ph
r3
b-rh-+-rhe
b- rh +-rh+
-6(2
k-
r h -+-
+r2)
rh+
I
Note:
These
orroys
points
on
magnitude
opply
Only where
the load
at
opposite
sides
of the centerline
but opposite
in direction.
Nom.-For
FIGURE
&I.-Shear-de$ection
relations,
39.
Sheet ZZZ.
corresponding
is equol
in
+4
82
+ 32
-66
- I066
+256
+ 1670
+32
+26.6
-59.6
+26.6
-1066
+ 1669
+32
-1086
-66
[ + 256
+32
+32
-66
(a)
+ 256
INTERIOR
+32
-66
-1066
+50(1
+ 256
POINT
ADJACENT
+122.66
-;!;6
+256
+32
+I
(b)
POINT
I066
+256
-517.
12
TO
+76X46
FREE
X-EDGE
-517.12
+122.66
f[
-70
+32
tb-fh--*--fh--*--th--~--~h--~
(C)
VERTICAL
INTERIOR
(d)
POINT
SPACING:
AT
h;
AT
POINT
ON
FREE
X-EDGE
+h
tl
I26
+ 64
- 640
+G
+64
152
+ 64
-
-I60
640
+ IO
-6
210
-936
+y
+I26
-26
+64
176
(0)
VERTICAL
INTERIOR
SPACING:
336
+64
+a
p-v
SAT+h
FIGURE
f ,,++&
(f)
POINT
IATh;
VERTICAL
65.-Load-deflection
coeficients,
SPACING:
r=M,
-6
-10
p=O.Z.
AT
-936
+210
+ 176
-26
+ ,,++--
INTERIOR
+ IO
$ ,,-+--
h-4
POINT
h;
AT
fh;
AT
fh
--x
i...
84
DEFLE(
IO.1
1 1.0
1 +.000426
+.005659*I
+.ol!
Deflection
(Coefficient)(ph/D)
Y
-+-IJP
l@J
beep-t;
LOAO
cc-p -4
I
LOAD
Deflection
Starred
when
from
FIGURE
67.-P&e
values
computed
the corresponding
the 20 equations.
Iz
k-p
LOAD
-ti
POSITIVE
SIQN
CONVENTION
(Coefficient)(ph/D)
NOTE
from 30
improved
equations
are discorded
value
is oljtoined
a/b=%.
Various
loadings.
i5
%
,
I
:
i
.Nxxm31
ayw-*sIY
l o XIYMN
86
(0)
POINT
ON A FIXED
FREE
X-CORNER
[FIQURE
39 II,]
Y-
(b)
POINT
ADJACENT
ON
A FIXED
TO A MOMENT-FREE
[FIGURE
39 (II,]
I-EOQE
X-EWE
(C)
POINT
ON
A FIXED
VERTICAL
SP.oI*G:
h
[FIGURE
42 iol]
tcfh-++hc(
(d)
POINT
ERTlCAL
ON
I+
A
FIXED
SPACING:
[FIGURE
+
44
II
Y-EWE
ANO
(0)
POINT
ON A
[FIGURE
FIXED
49 (Ol]
CORNER
(f)
POINT
Y-EDBE
ANO
h -+-fh+
ON A FIXED
[FIGURE
49 IO,]
X-EWE
to)]
REACTION-DEFLECTION
r
COEFFICIENTS
l/4
0.2
T
h
i
l+h
-++hd
CC+h-Ct(-+h+
k+h+++hd
(0)
INTERIOR
[FIGURE
(h)
POINT
se
POINT
ON
[FIGURE
to)]
BENDING
FREE
!N! Ml]
MOMENT-DEFLECTION
r
(i)
INTERIOR
POINT
ETIOAL
scAaIw0:
[ .=IGURE
h A0
se (I,]
EDQE
COEFFICIENTS
l/4
jl
(j)
INTERIOR
[FIGURE
POINT
se (b)]
ON
[FIGURE
FIXED
se
(m)
EDQE
(PI]
ERTlCAL
-+fh
MOMENT-DEFLECTION
r
COEFFICIENTS
p
I/4
PQINT
SFAOIW:
h
se
(MY)
0.2
NOTES
To
find
the
net
compute
the
the deflection
Figure
these
FIGURE
W.-Numerical
numbers
numeric01
reaction
products
of the
in
or
the
brackets
orroys
values
bendinq
moment
of the coefficients
correspondinq
points
refer
were
to
qenerol
at
tl
INTERIOR
[FIGURE
BENDING
(M,)
l++h
POINT
0.2
+fh+-+h+i
(k)
ony
focal
of the oppropiote
ond multiply
their
expressions
point,
orroy
sum
from
by
by (O/h).
which
computed.
arrays,
r=x,
p=O.B.
AGO
km)]
87
APPENDIX II
POINT
Yfl
DEFLECTIONS
0
+.017022
1 t.049660
1 + .063466
1 t.
+.I16792
107935
+ .016122
t .046640
+ .076499
+. 101377
+ .I09650
+ .016030
t.046526
t .077914
+. 100572
+.I06761
1 +.043935
1 t .073156
+.015263
+ .010730
+ .029914
+ .046903
+ .004699
t.013261
+ .02 1325
+ .001835
+ .004944
+ .007660
04
03
02
t.125
+I.131256
+I.256256
+.I25
+I.131056
+ I .256056
.-_-.
+ .a32224
+. 190464
t.09375
t .736474
+ SO46675
+.I78392
+ .225267
+.03125
- .000992
+ .030256
01
07
00
[ t .Ol5625
IO
1 t .03125
-.056720
1 - .043095
1 + .029514
-.001712
+.I92016
+ .223266
+.I78613
+ .03125
+ .240512
+ .271762
t.217410
+ .03125
t .256320
+ .207570
+ .230056
+ .I41346
6
5
4
3
2
0
MOMENT
+.009607
* lncludrs
+6.249145
I
7
+ .023630
+ .03125
BENDING
only
of bo.
MJpb*
t .000693
-.005724
-.009592
1 -.010863
+ .000622
-.005565
-.009301
-.010539
- .010531
+ .020636
+ .009346
+ .020516
+ .009253
t -000553
-.005621
- .009305
+ .019562
+ .013734
+ .006526
t .005335
t .000273
- .005438
-.006766
I 1
+ .000470
POINT
NO.
- .000330
-.003930
-.005917
+ .001266
+ .002012
+ .0025 I7
BENDING
-T
SE?1UhllJ
6
1
004127
MOMENT
.009690
+.001901
+ .00022
- .000949
-.001639
- .001666
+ .004104
+ .OOl625
t .00002
-.001264
- .002076
- .002344
+ .003912
t .001559
- .000364
-.001636
- .002734
- .003036
+ .002747
+ .000703
-.001051
- .002366
- .003177
- .003449
+ .002349
+ .006326
t .01006
+ .012566
+ .013460
70.-Plate
My/pbe
1
,
t .002694
4
3
2
- .006549
!I
+. I I3077
+.I10096
POINT
NO.
t.029536
+ .03125
I c
+ __-_.
020917
t.010522
20
30
40
50
FIGURE
1310
w/(ph4/D)
moments,
Load I.
List of References
1. Timoshenko, S., l%eory of Plates and SheuS,
McGraw-Hill, New York, 1940.
2. Anonymous, Rectangular Concrete Tanks,
Concrete lnjormation Bulletin No. ST63,
Portland Cement Association, 1947.
3. Westergaard, H. M., and Slater, W. A.,
Moments and Stresses in Slabs, Proceedings, American Concrete Institute, Vol.
XVII, page 415,192l.
4. Nielsen, N. J., Bestemmebe aj Spaendinger i
PZuder, JpLrgenson,Copenhagen, 1920.
5. Marcus, H., Die Th-eorie elaatischer Qkwebe,
2nd Edition, Julius Springer, Berlin, 1932.
6. Wise, J. A., The Calculation of Flat Plates by
the Elastic Web Method, Proceedings,
7.
8.
9.
10.
89
*U.S.
GOVERNMENT
PRINTING
0mcE:
19~5-8341-386
Mission
of the Bureau
of Reclamation
of the interior is
of the Nations
A free pamphlet
is available from the Bureau entitled
Publications
for Sale. It describes some of the technical
publications
currently
available,
their cost, and how to order them. The pamphlet
can be
obtained
upon request from the Bureau of Reclamation,
Attn D-7923A,
PO Box 25007, Denver Federal Center, Denver CO 80225-0007.