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Cac Qua Trinh Thi Cong Nen Dat Yeu Va Lap Dat Thiet Bi Quan Trac
Cac Qua Trinh Thi Cong Nen Dat Yeu Va Lap Dat Thiet Bi Quan Trac
Cac Qua Trinh Thi Cong Nen Dat Yeu Va Lap Dat Thiet Bi Quan Trac
1. T VN :
Mt trong nhng phn quan trng nht trong thi cng nn ng hay nn Cng l thi cng trn
nn t yu. Vic nm bt c trnh t thi cng v cc phng php quan trc l iu quan trng m
bo s n nh nn cng nh lng trc nhng kh khn trong qu trnh thi cng.
Bi ny trnh by cc bc thi cng nn t yu bng PVD kt hp gia ti vi cc hnh nh v
phn tch, c th:
ng bc thm.
Ri bc thm ngang.
Ri vi a.
p t ch ln.
Page 1/33
Hnh 1. Bm ct
Hnh . Cu to bc thm ng
c. Thi cng:
Cc bc chi tit nh sau:
nh v cc v tr cm bc bng cc si ni lng c ghim vo lp to mt bng.
Page 2/33
Lp t cun bc vo my ng.
Lp t tm thp vo u bc vi mc ch bc c gi li khi cm n chiu su xc
nh.
Cm bc n chiu su xc nh, rt cn xuyn.
Dng ko ct bc thm.
Chuyn my sang v tr tip theo.
(Ht mi cun bc, tin hnh lp t cun tip theo ni vi cun c bng cc ghim bm).
Dn dp lng bn do my ng bc thm ko ln.
Hnh 1. ng bc thm
Hnh 2. Ct u bc thm
Hnh 4. Thu dn bn do my cm bc ko ln
Page 3/33
Page 4/33
Hnh 2. Cu to ging bm
c. Thi cng:
Cc bc chi tit nh sau:
o rnh thu nc v v tr my bm.
Ri vi a pha di rnh thu nc.
Lp t cc ng dn nc v v tr my bm.
Ri lm lp lc.
Ph vi a ln pha trn rnh.
Lp t cc ng bm nc v my bm.
Lp t cc ng dn ng dn nc t my bm ra phm vi gia ti.
Hnh 3. Lp t cc ng thu nc v lp lc
Page 6/33
2.5. Ri vi a.
a. Mc ch:
Vi a dng trong nn p t yu ch yu c 2 tc dng chnh sau:
b. Cu to:
Hin nay c hai loi vi a theo phng thc ch to l : loi vi dt (Woven) v loi khng dt
(Non-Woven).
c. Thi cng:
Page 7/33
Trnh t cc bc nh sau:
Tri vi a k thut.
Mi ni vi chng nhau hoc bng khu.
Hnh 1. Mt bng ri vi a
Hnh 2. Ri vi a
Hnh . Cu to bn o ln
c. Thi cng:
Ch to bn o chiu dy ct: bn o chiu dy ct c ni cng sn n cao hn chiu cao
d kin ca lp chiu dy ct v lp t trc khi p nn.
Ch to bn o ln: bn o ln tng t nh bn o ct nhng lp tng t mt (mc ch o
ln chnh xc khi t mia trn nh cn) nhng c thm ng bc PVC ngoi bo v (vi mc ch loi
b ma st do cn v nn ct dn n ln khng chnh xc).
Page 8/33
Hnh 1. Cu to bn o chiu dy ct
Hnh 2. Bn o chiu dy ct c nh v
Page 9/33
Hnh. Cu to v lp t Extensometer
Hnh . S cu to c nh nhn t vo v tr c nh
Cao nn p. (cm)
1200
1100
1000
900
800
700
600
500
20-Jun-09
20-Jun-09
0
20-Jul-09
19-Aug-09 18-Sep-09
18-Oct-09
17-Nov-09 17-Dec-09
16-Jan-10
15-Feb-10
17-Mar-10
16-Apr-10
16-May-10 15-Jun-10
15-Jul-10
14-Aug-10 13-Sep-10
20-Jul-09
19-Aug-09 18-Sep-09
18-Oct-09
17-Nov-09 17-Dec-09
16-Jan-10
15-Feb-10
17-Mar-10
16-Apr-10
16-May-10 15-Jun-10
15-Jul-10
14-Aug-10 13-Sep-10
50
100
ln (cm)
Tm nhn t (+4.65mCDL)
150
Nhn t 1 (-5.03mCDL)
200
Nhn t 2 (-14.86mCDL)
250
Nhn t 3 (-25.01mCDL)
300
350
400
450
d. Thi cng:
Trnh t thi cng nh sau:
Ni nhn t vo thn ng nh sn.
Nhn t c c nh dui thng.
Ni cc si dy qua cc nhn t vi mc ch sau khi lp t xong s ko si dy ny
ln lm bung cc chn ca nhn t, cc chn ny s lin kt cht vo nn t ti v tr .
Lp t ng vo v tr c nh.
Lp t tm nhn t trong tng ct.
Lp t ng PVC bo v ng o ny n qu chiu cao gia ti d kin.
o xc nh chnh xc cao ban u ca tm nhn v cc con nhn t.
Hnh 1. Cu to ng o ln
Hnh 3. Cu to nhn t
Page 12/33
Hnh 5. Cu to np ng
Hnh 6. Lp t ng
Hnh 7. Lp t ng o v ng bm bentonit
Hnh 8. nc vo ng
Page 13/33
Hnh 9. Thit b o ln su
Page 14/33
Hnh . S cc bc lp t piezometer
Hnh. Tng th lp t
c. o c v kt qu:
Hin nay c 2 loi piezometer: loi piezometer bng hi (pneumatic piezometer) v loi
piezometer bng dy rung (vibrating wire piezometer-VW piezometer).
Page 15/33
B3. Tt my bm v mng
qu p lc nc v kh thot ra
tr li v tr ban u.
Page 16/33
Trong :
S1, So p sut khng kh, khi khng c s chnh lch v p sut khng kh th b qua
gi tr ny.
Ro, To s c piezo v nhit thi im ngay sau khi lp t.
R1, T1 s c piezo v nhit thi im o.
G h s my o tnh ng sut theo tuyn tnh.
A, B, C: h s my o tnh ng sut theo a thc.
(Cc h s ny ly theo chng ch ca nh sn xut v khc nhau vi mi loi
piezometer, mi piezometer c mt s hiu ring c ghi trn u piezo. Ring vi gi tr C
trong tnh ton ng sut theo a thc th phi c o li thc t vi gi tr ng sut c a
v zero).
11.0
10.0
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
20-Jun-09
20-Jul-09
19-Aug-09 18-Sep-09 18-Oct-09 17-Nov-09 17-Dec-09 16-Jan-10 15-Feb-10 17-Mar-10 16-Apr-10 16-May-10 15-Jun-10
15-Jul-10
14-Aug-10 13-Sep-10
15-Jul-10
14-Aug-10 13-Sep-10
800
p lc nc l rng-PWP (KPa)
P10-1 (-0.5mCDL)
700
600
P10-2 (-10mCDL)
P10-3 (-20mCDL)
500
400
300
200
100
0
20-Jun-09
20-Jul-09
19-Aug-09 18-Sep-09 18-Oct-09 17-Nov-09 17-Dec-09 16-Jan-10 15-Feb-10 17-Mar-10 16-Apr-10 16-May-10 15-Jun-10
Hnh 1. Ngm u o c bc ct v vi a
Page 18/33
Hnh 3. . Lp t ng bm ct lc v bentonit
Page 19/33
c a vo phn tch ngc qu trnh ln da trn s liu quan trc ln, lch s gia ti
v bin i mc nc tnh.
Kt hp vi thit b o ng sut tng EPC tnh ng sut hiu qu.
Cn phn bit r mc nc tnh v mc nc ng. Mc nc tnh l mc nc n nh khng
do mt tc dng tc thi nh nh hng ca bm nc v n i din trn mt khu vc nht
nh. Mc nc ng l mc nc thay i lin tc v khng i din chung trn mt khu vc
trong mt thi gian nht nh. Vic nhm ln gia mc nc ng v tnh khi a vo tnh ton
s lm kt qu sai khc i nhiu.
b. Cu to:
ng PVC c c l t y ng n cao trnh mt t. Tin hnh bc vi a khng dt 2 lp
ri th xung l khoan sn. Sau khi a xung ng chiu su, phn rng gia ng v l khoan c
p li bng ct ht th.
Hnh. Cu to lp t ng o mc nc
c. o c v kt qu:
Tin hnh o:
Vi yu cu tnh ln th vic o mc nc khng nht thit o chnh xc, c th o bng thc
o cao. Tuy nhin, vi vic o tnh p lc nc l rng thng d, nht thit phi dng thit b
o chnh xc. Thit b o ny nhn b ngoi gn ging vi thit b o ln su extensometer.
Th u o vo ng quan trc mc nc. Khi chm nc, th thit b s pht ra ting bp. Ko
ln v th xung vi ln, cho n khi ch c mt ting bp th c chnh xc s o trn thc
n mm cao nh ng o. Dng my thy bnh, xc nh chnh xc cao nh ng. Cao
mc nc t n gin c xc nh.
Page 20/33
Hnh 2. Bc vi a cho ng o
Page 21/33
Hnh 4. Lp t ng
Hnh 7. Qu trnh o
2.7.4.Bn o ng sut tng (Earth pressure Cell-EPC)
a. Mc ch:
Page 22/33
Dng kim tra li ti trng tc dng bn ngoi vo nn. y l thit b o ng sut tng, nn
c th kim tra trng lng ring ca nn p m bo ln hn yu cu (gama = P/Hp).
Thit b ny c bit hu dng vi nn c x l bng phng php c kt chn khng, vi
thit b ny c th kim tra c ng sut tc dng vo nn do ht chn khng.
b. Cu to:
Vi cng dng o ng sut khc nhau, s c cc loi o ng sut khc nhau. Trong phn ny,
gii thiu loi o ng sut tng thng ng trong thn nn p (mt s loi dng o ng sut
tip tuyn, hng tm trong thi cng ng hm..).
c trng cho loi ny c 2 dng o ng sut tng: loi o ng sut tng dng hi
(phneumatic pressure) v dng o ng sut tng bng dy rung (vibrating wire pressure).
Page 23/33
Hnh 4. Qu trnh o c
Page 24/33
Hnh. Cu to lp t
c. o c v kt qu:
Tin hnh o:
Kt ni thit b, th u o cho puli i vo rnh theo hng chuyn v cn o. Th cho
n khi ht chiu su, bt u tin hnh ghi s liu. Ko mi 0.5m ln (trn dy cp c khc
cho 0.5m), ch cho khi s liu n nh th nhn nt ghi s liu. Tip tc cho n ht thn ng o.
o chiu 180 , v tip tc nh trn ly s liu ln 2.
Hnh. Mn hnh o c.
Trn mn hnh th hin 2 gi tr theo 2 hng khc
nhau.
Gi tr A: th hin theo hng o trong mt phng
chnh.
Gi tr B: th hin theo hng o trong mt phng
ph (hng vung gc vi mt phng chnh).
Page 25/33
INCLINOMETER DATA
Inclinometer ID :
I-08A
Ta : X=1162531.797; Y=419121.334
S c
30-Dec-2009
5.253
23-Jul-2010
S c
Cao
(m)
A+
A-
B+
B-
Cao
(m)
A+
A-
B+
B-
5.25
4.75
4.25
3.75
3.25
2.75
2.25
1.75
1.25
-1462
-1450
-1545
-1588
-1561
-1489
-1400
-1345
-1186
1434
1422
1515
1562
1532
1459
1371
1316
1158
-500
-498
-479
-476
-471
-493
-529
-545
-503
426
420
376
357
383
393
417
424
408
-19.75
-20.25
-20.75
-21.25
-21.75
-22.25
-22.75
-23.25
-23.75
279
253
223
199
182
226
255
279
303
-312
-283
-255
-227
-215
-254
-285
-310
-330
-481
-468
-477
-479
-503
-550
-563
-563
-571
389
374
373
386
414
455
451
462
473
Hnh. Mu o nghing
Page 26/33
-100
100
Displacement (mm)
200
300
400
500
10
18-May-10
24-May-10
16-July-10
21-July-10
22-July-10
23-July-10
-5
Elevation (m)
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
-35
-40
-45
Page 27/33
Hnh 5. Lp t ng
Hnh 6. Ni ng
Page 28/33
Hnh 7. nc vo ng
Hnh 8. Thit b o
2.8. p t ch ln.
Giai on ny ch ln nhng cn kim sot cht ch mc ln v chiu cao mc nc ngm.
Tin hnh bm nc h mc nc ngm nhm tng ln (c th xy ra trng hp nu nh
khng h mc nc ngm th nn s ln khng ng k, tuy nhin sau khi d ti, mc nc ngm
gim xung s ko theo ln nhiu hn).
Page 29/33
Hnh 3. o c ln su extensometer
Page 30/33
Hnh 5. o c inclinometer
mu thnh mng
mu pittong
Hnh 4. Cu to ng ly mu pittong
Page 31/33
Hnh 7. Cu to mi cn
Hnh 8. Cu to cnh ct v ng bc
Hnh 1. D ti
Page 32/33
Hnh 2. Cc bn o ln
mt
3. KT LUN:
Bi vit trn gii thiu cc trnh t v cc thit b quan trc, th nghim hin ang c thc hin
cc d n trong nc vi mc ch th hin bng hnh nh v cc cu to. Chi tit ca cc loi
thit b th nghim c cp trong nhiu ti liu. Tuy nhin, nhng ti liu trn vi nhng
hnh nh mt l c, hoc l s dng ca nc ngoi. Hy vng vi nhng hnh nh sinh ng
trn v p dng trong nc th vi nhng d n a phng hoc vn trong nc, cc
Ch u t cng nh cc nh T vn thit k p dng c th a n nhng kt qu tt nht
cng nh ngn nga cc ri ro xy ra trong qu trnh thi cng cng nh khai thc.
i vi cc th nghim trong phng nh nn c kt, nn mt trc khng n hngkhng cp
y bi y l nhng th nghim ph bin v ni nhiu trong hu ht cc ti liu v t yu.
Page 33/33