Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Types of Heat Exchangers and LMTD Design Method
Types of Heat Exchangers and LMTD Design Method
Types of Heat Exchangers and LMTD Design Method
Design Method
Professor Jung-Yang San
Mech. Engrg. Dept.,
National Chung Hsing University
Counter-flow
Double-Tube
Heat Exchanger
Shell-and-Tube
Heat Exchanger
(Two Tube Passes
& One Shell Pass)
Compactness?
Material Weight Minimization?
Reduction of Manufacturing Cost?
TEMA
(Tubular Exchanger
Manufacturers Association)
baffles
86 !
Baffle Types in
Shell-and-Tube Heat
Exchangers
Baffle Cut
0.2 ~ 0.35 D
(Shell Diameter)
Helical Baffle
Single tube helical coil heat exchangers are suited for oil coolers, sump
coolers and other high pressure, high temperature, low flow applications.
Pressure ratings up to 345 bar and sample conditions up to 540C
Compact and lightweight
Highly resistant to thermal and pressure shock
Standard 316 SUS construction with other exotic materials available
Twisted TubeTechnology
Tube Bundles
(tube bank heat exchanger)
baffles
NCHU
Outer dimensions:
80 x 80 x 25 mm
115 x 115 x 35 mm
200 x 200 x 45 mm
Up to 2 cm
Up to 6 cm
Up to 50 kW
Up to 200 kW
Up to 3500 kg/h
Up to 6500 kg/h
Swagelok 18 mm
Swagelok 25 mm
Connectors:
Swagelok 8 mm
The main element at the production site, i.e. the micro reactor, is made
from a nickel alloy and is 65 cm long and 290 kg in weight. The possible
throughput is 1700 kg/h of liquid reactants. The heat released by the
chemical reaction, approx. 100 kW is transferred within the reactor to
again several ten thousands of micro channels at the cooling passage.
Micro drill
Micro cutter
Milling
Non
Ferrous Milling
Alloys Milling
Min.
Groove Size
100 m
200 m
50 m
100 m
Aspect
Ratio
4
7-15
1 (Carbide)
1 (Diamond), 4 (Carbide)
Hollow
Accuracy
3 m
2 m
Micro Fabrication
The fabrication of metallic micro structured devices starts
with processing of metallic foils.
Precision turning () and milling () are applied therefore
and together with partners micro etching () and micro
embossing () are carried out.
The micro structured metal plates are then stacked between
two base plates and diffusion bonded under a well defined
press capacity and temperature in vacuum. By this
procedure a microstructured body is yielded, which
comprises of thousands of microchannels.
Materials which can not be diffusion bonded can be joined
by laser welding or soldering. However, these technologies
are under development.
The joined micro structured body gets welded into a housing
with tubes or fittings by electron beam welding, vacuum tight
and pressure resistant.
Packed-Bed
Regenerator
Rotary
Regenerator
Extrusion
Corrugated Tubes
(NCHU) -
2 mm
rotameter
outlet
Tw4 Tw3
Tw2 Tw1
Tao ,Po
Tai ,Pi
test tube
water bath
water pump
heater
surge
tank
electric
inverter
inlet
air
blower
Correlation of Nu
Correlation of f
Correlation Results
(1)
f = 0.0018(e / d )e
0.26( p / d )
(Re)e
1.44 x104 Re
f = 0.132(e / d )
2.55
0.26( p / d )
(Re)e
1.44 x104 Re
Performance Map
LMTD
:
Q = m h c ph dTh
Q = m c c pc dTc
Q
d Th =
m h c ph
dT = Q
c
m c c p c
1
1
+
dTh dTc = d (Th Tc ) = Q
m hc ph m c c pc
Q = U (Th Tc ) dAs
d (Th Tc )
Th Tc
1
1
= UdAs
+
m h c ph m c c pc
1 2
ln(
Th ,out Tc ,out
Th ,in Tc ,in
1
1
+
) = UAs
m h c ph m c c pc
:
1
(m h c ph )
(m c c pc )
ln(
Th ,out Tc ,out
Th ,in Tc ,in
) = (UAs )[
= (UAs )[
= (UAs )[
Q
Q
(Th ,in Tc ,in ) (Th ,out Tc ,out )
(Th ,out
Q
Tc ,out ) (Th ,in Tc ,in )
where
Tlm
Q UAs Tlm
T1 T2
T2 T1
=
=
T1
T2
ln(
)
ln(
)
T2
T1
= LMTD = log mean temperature difference
T1
z Counter-flow arrangement
T2
T1 T2
= LMTD
Tlm =
T
ln( 1 )
T2
2
Tc,in
Th,in
dAs
Tc,out
Th,out
Counterflow arrangement
:
1 2:
Q = m h c ph dTh
Q = m c c pc dTc
Q
dTh =
mh c ph
dT = Q
c
m c c pc
1
1
dTh dTc = d (Th Tc ) = Q
m h c ph m c c pc
Q = U (Th Tc ) dAs
(i)
(ii)
(ii) (i)
d (Th Tc )
Th Tc
1
1
= UdAs
m h c ph m c c pc
1 2
1
1
ln(
) = UAs
Th ,in Tc ,out
mh c ph mc c pc
Th ,out Tc ,in
(m h c ph )
(m c c pc )
Q
=
ln(
Th ,out Tc ,in
Th ,in Tc ,out
Q
Q
(Th ,out Tc ,in ) (Th ,in Tc ,out )
= (UAs )[
]
Q
Tlm :
Tlm
Q UAs Tlm
T1 T2
T2 T1
=
=
T1
T2
ln(
)
ln(
)
T2
T1
= LMTD = log mean temperature difference