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Indian Mutual Fund Industry - Towards 2015: Sustaining Inclusive Growth - Evolving Business Models
Indian Mutual Fund Industry - Towards 2015: Sustaining Inclusive Growth - Evolving Business Models
This report does not constitute professional advice. The information in this report has been obtained or derived from sources
believed by PricewaterhouseCoopers Pvt. Ltd. (PwCPL) to be reliable but PwC PL does not represent that this information is
accurate or complete. Any opinions or estimates contained in this report represent the judgment of PwCPL at this time and
are subject to change without notice. Readers of this report are advised to seek their own professional advice before taking
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accepts or assumes any responsibility or liability to any reader of this report in respect of the information contained within it or
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Chapter 01 - Page 06
Chapter 02 - Page 10
Business Models
Chapter 03 - Page 12
Chapter 04 - Page 13
Cost Management
Financial Inclusion
Chapter 05 - Page 15
Chapter 06 - Page 17
Changing Regulations
Chapter 07 - Page 20
Chapter 08 - Page 22
Page 24
Conclusion
PricewaterhouseCoopers
Chairmans Message
The Indian mutual fund industry is passing through a transformation. On
one side it has seen a number of regulatory developments while on the
other the overall economy is just recovering from the global crisis of 2008.
The regulatory changes have been made keeping in mind the best interests
of the investors. However, like all changes these changes will take time to
be adapted by industry, intermediaries and the investing public at large.
The industry is looking forward to early resolution of certain inter-regulatory
issues requiring Government / Court intervention. Market participants are
waiting to see how the industry adapts to these changes, while trying to
maintain its pace of growth. Mutual funds are restructuring their business
models to provide for increased efficiencies and investor satisfaction.
The industry also faces a number of issues which are characterized by
lack of investor awareness, low penetration levels, high dependence on
corporate sector and spiraling cost of operations. The Growth rate of the
industry therefore needs to be seen from this perspective. Though, it is
commendable to note, that, Assets Under Management have managed to
record a compounded growth of 28% over 2006-2010, however, the AUM
of Equity Funds and Balanced Funds where retail investors invest have only
grown by 20% in the same period. The net sales of Equity/Balanced funds
in 2009-10 have been one of the lowest in recent years.
India has vast growth potential backed by a resilient economy,
commensurate with an accelerated GDP growth rate of 7.4%, high
rate of household savings and investments. This report by PwC seeks
to outline the current state of the industry, with its growth drivers and
continuing challenges. It also seeks to draw a comparison with other global
economies, the business and regulatory trends which have been impacting
this industry with a snapshot of some of the regulatory changes anticipated
around the corner.
We would like to thank PwC for their efforts in preparing this report and
hope that you find it useful and interesting. We would welcome any
comments and observations, to help us prepare better for the next summit.
U K Sinha
Chairman - CII National Committee on Mutual Funds
Chairman - CII Mutual Fund Summit 2010
Chairman & Managing Director, UTI Asset Management Company Limited
Foreword
Mutual funds as an investment vehicle have gained immense popularity
in the current scenario, which is clearly reflected in the robust growth
levels of assets under management. However, despite this growth,
penetration levels in India are low as compared to other global
economies. Assets under management as a percentage of GDP is
less than 5 per cent in India as compared to 70 per cent in the US, 61
per cent in France and 37 per cent in Brazil. Through this report, we
have tried to assess the key growth drivers for the industry, identifying
in the process the factors which may impede growth in the future.
The evolving business and regulatory trends in India have also been
discussed, drawing a comparison with similar developments across
other global economies.
To support our analysis, we have also conducted a few interviews with
CEOs of local asset management companies to help us understand
better, the challenges faced by the industry.
We hope that you find this report insightful and supportive of further
discussions and action. We welcome comments and observations
from the readers of this report to enable us to incorporate any valuable
suggestions in the next report.
Jairaj Purandare
Executive Director & Leader - Financial Services
PricewaterhouseCoopers India
Gautam Mehra
Executive Director & Leader - Asset Management
PricewaterhouseCoopers India
PricewaterhouseCoopers
01
Source: AMFI
PricewaterhouseCoopers
Source: AMFI
Source: SEBI
PricewaterhouseCoopers
02
Industry speak:
It is difficult to strategise a new
business model in the current situation;
it will entail higher costs
Partnering with banks may be
a possible solution to improve
distribution, but banks lack the
expertise to offer investment advice
It is advisable to explore open
architecture platforms or aggregator
models for conducting business
It may help to have a guideline akin
to that of priority sector lending to
provide continued push under financial
inclusion
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CEO Speak:
Out of the box thinking required
for distribution models, interesting
learnings involved from FMCGs,
Banks etc, where large volumes of
retail clients are serviced, with a reach,
deep into rural areas...
PricewaterhouseCoopers
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03
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Industry speak:
Escalating costs have been quite
persistent, and are still on the higher side
Distributors should be given an
opportunity to earn incentives by the sale
of mutual funds
04
CEO Comment:
Although stock exchange platforms offer
a plausible solution to increase reach,
improve efficiency etc, low volumes on
these exchanges, pose a concern
Also, the number of active demat
accounts for trading are quite low, making
it difficult to use this as a surrogate for
business planning
PricewaterhouseCoopers
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Industry View:
Industry Comment:
3
Systematic Investment Plan (SIP) has
emerged as a suitable solution in this
case, with a fixed amount invested at
regular intervals, and most importantly
being low risk.
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Having deliberated over the business aspects
of the mutual fund industry, we should move to
assess the regulatory environment which entwines
the industry, and virtually steers the direction of the
mutual fund sector.
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Entry Load
In recent years, the industry regulator, Securities and
Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has focused more on
investor protection, introducing a number of regulations
to empower retail investors in Mutual Funds (MFs).
SEBI began by prohibiting the charging of initial issue
expenses, which were permitted for closed-ended
schemes, and mandating that such MF schemes
shall recover sales and distribution expenses through
entry load only. These steps aimed at creating more
transparency in fees paid by investors and helping make
informed investment decisions.
Subsequently, w.e.f. August 1, 2009, SEBI banned the
entry load that was deducted from the invested amount,
and instead allowed customers the right to negotiate
and decide commissions directly with distributors
based on investors assessment of various factors and
related services to be rendered. The objective was to
bring about more transparency in commissions and
encourage long-term investment. Though the intent of
the amendment was to benefit the investor, it has hit the
margins of the Asset Management Companies (AMCs).
Further, higher distributor commission on Unit Linked
Insurance Products (issued by Insurance companies)
is giving tough competition to the business of mutual
funds.
Documentation
In December 2009, SEBI had made it mandatory for all
AMCs to maintain a copy of full investor documentation
including Know Your Customer i.e. KYC details. Such
documentation was earlier maintained by the respective
MF distributors who have now been asked to give a
copy of the same to the fund houses.
PricewaterhouseCoopers
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Entry Load
India
Recently in India, the industry regulator, SEBI has
instructed that no entry load be charged for all
MF schemes launched on or after August 1, 2009.
Distributors receive commission from the investors
based on investors assessment of various factors
including service rendered. Exit loads may or may not
be charged to the investors and it varies depending on
the period they stay invested in the scheme.
UK
In UK, there exists a concept of front end charge of
about 5% of the net assets and distributors are paid
commission (typically 3%) out of this by the MFs.
They are further entitled to receive trail commission of
around 0.5% of the net assets annually over the period
the investor stays invested in the scheme. Exit fees are
also being charged by few fund houses to investors on
redemption on MF units.
US
Similarly, in the case of US, both entry and exit loads
are charged to investors of open-ended MF schemes.
No such loads are charged in the case of close-ended
schemes. For close-ended schemes, the investor pays
commission directly to the distributor of the MF scheme.
China
In China, fund houses charge both entry and exit loads
from MF investors. Thus, commission to distributors
are ultimately borne by the investors as the MFs pay
distributors from the loads charged to the investors in
the scheme.
Australia
Australia does not have a concept of entry and exit
load that is charged by the MF to the investors. Here,
the distributors are paid commission by the MFs.
Further, they may also receive fees from the investor for
the advice rendered to them.
PricewaterhouseCoopers
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Regulation of Distributors
India
In India, the distributors of the MF units are not
separately regulated by SEBI or any other regulatory
authority. Currently, distributors are required to take
a simple test. However, there have been instances of
distributors rendering professional advice to investors
without the requisite qualifications and information
about the MF schemes. SEBI is in discussions to
introduce a more stringent certification programme for
all distributors of MF schemes.
UK
Unlike in India, distributors in UK are regulated by
the Financial Services Authority. In the UK there is a
regulation being proposed that will require distributors of
MF units to undertake certain examinations.
US
Distributors in the US are regulated by the Securities
Industry and Financial Markets Association and are
required to pass the securities broker-dealer exams in
order to sell units of MFs.
China
MF distributors are regulated and authorized by China
Security Regulatory Commission, the major regulator of
the MF Industry.
Australia
The Australian Securities and Investments Commission
regulates the distributors in Australia. No specified
certificate is required to be obtained by distributors in
Australia to entitle them to provide professional advice
to investors in MF schemes.
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PricewaterhouseCoopers
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07
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CEO Comment:
A level playing field, vis a vis other
sectors in terms of disclosure levels, post
sales support needs to be determined for
this industry
Business Strategies continue to focus
on reach, diversified customer base ,
investment performance and product
innovation
PricewaterhouseCoopers
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08
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Increase transparency
for mutual fund houses,
particularly at the retail level
Ensure a conducive
environment for serious
players
Encourage appropriate
selling
PricewaterhouseCoopers
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We would like to take this opportunity to thank all the team members for
their contribution to the creation and finalisation of this report.
PricewaterhouseCoopers
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About
Confederation of Indian Industry
The Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) works to create and sustain an
environment conducive to the growth of industry in India, partnering industry and
government alike through advisory and consultative processes.
CII is a non-government, not-for-profit, industry led and industry managed
organisation, playing a proactive role in Indias development process. Founded
over 115 years ago, it is Indias premier business association, with a direct
membership of over 8100 organisations from the private as well as public
sectors, including SMEs and MNCs, and an indirect membership of over 90,000
companies from around 400 national and regional sectoral associations.
CII catalyses change by working closely with government on policy issues,
enhancing efficiency, competitiveness and expanding business opportunities
for industry through a range of specialised services and global linkages. It also
provides a platform for sectoral consensus building and networking. Major
emphasis is laid on projecting a positive image of business, assisting industry
to identify and execute corporate citizenship programmes. Partnerships with
over 120 NGOs across the country carry forward our initiatives in integrated
and inclusive development, which include health, education, livelihood, diversity
management, skill development and environment, to name a few.
CII has taken up the agenda of Business for Livelihood for the year 2010-11.
Businesses are part of civil society and creating livelihoods is the best act of
corporate social responsibility. Looking ahead, the focus for 2010-11 would be
on the four key Enablers for Sustainable Enterprises: Education, Employability,
Innovation and Entrepreneurship. While Education and Employability help create
a qualified and skilled workforce, Innovation and Entrepreneurship would drive
growth and employment generation.
With 64 offices in India, 9 overseas in Australia, Austria, China, France, Germany,
Japan, Singapore, UK, and USA, and institutional partnerships with 223
counterpart organisations in 90 countries, CII serves as a reference point for Indian
industry and the international business community.
Contact
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Rima Kothari
Executive Officer
Confederation of Indian Industry
105, Kakad Chambers
132, Dr Annie Besant Road,
Worli, Mumbai - 400018
Phone: 022 24931790
Fax: 022 24945831/ 24939463
Email: rima.kothari@cii.in
About
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