1.2.

2 Single Line To Neutral Fault

1.2

Page 1 of 4

Unbalanced Faults

2.4 Single Line to Neutral Fault

Assume that the fault occurs on phase A and the fault impedance to the neutral is 0. The phase
currents are.

= If

Ib

t =0

The symmetrical components of the phase currents are:

ho

_ + In

ral=

+I.!b +12 .r,

3

rt +i 2, 1; g.

T.;
3

= Ir

ra0 = !al = r.2 =

The phase A to neutral voltage at the fault is 0:

= 0

tart +t +Lai = 0

To find the current at the fault, we must know the sequence impedances for all network equipment.
In our case, it is only the line between the generator and the fault that will be in the path of the fault
current. The positive impedance of the line is the impedance calculated from the data for the line
conductors and spacing. The negative sequence impedance is equal to the positive sequence
impedance for transmission lines. The zero sequence impedance can be approximated by

2o a 21 + 32n . The calculation of the actual value is more complex because all mutual inductances
between phase wires and ground must be included.

Page 2 of 4

1.2.2 Single Line To Neutral Fault

The sequence networks than are:

Positive sequence network

Negative sequence network

Ia2

Z2

F2

E 2

N2

Zero sequence network

Imo!
>

Fo

No

From the networks,

Page 3 of 4

1.2.2 Single Line To Neutral Fault

Eau = 2 1Ta1 + t ail

t2 f +fat
o=gotto +Ewa
,

Combining of all these equations will give the symmetrical components of the fault current and the
total fault current:

fal

E.

= 112 = 110 =

Z1

2 +

3E.
. .IF =Ial +I .2

11.0

ZrEZ2

+Zo

Model for Line to Neutral Fault is a circuit that satisfies the equations for the symmetrical
components of the fault current and of the voltages at the fault. For line to neutral fault these
equations are.
= ra0

E mil + E arn

Ego =

These equation describe a series connection of the three sequence networks.

ZI

Eat

N,

Earn

N2
'JD

ZO

FD

ND

2004
Continue to
1.2.3 Line To Line Fault 1.2.4 Double Line To Neutral Fault
1.2.5 Zero Sequence Networks For Three Phase Transformers

1.2.2 Single Line To Neutral Fault

Return to

1.2 Unbalanced Faults

itT

ELE7E606

Page 4 of 4