HBS: Unit 1

summary

Unit 1 Summary
By : Summer
Mallard

UNIT 1: IDENTITY
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Hydrochloric acid , the primary juice in

our stomachs , is capable of dissolving
substances as strong as metal
The human microbiome is unique to
each person and the bacteria in it out
number human body cells 3 to 1
Muscle contract in waves to move food
down the esophagus . Mean we can eat
food upside down

NERVOUS SYSTEM

Nerves in our body can be vulnerable to

both physical damage & damage

through diseases. Damage to the nerves
can cause pain , loss of feeling , or loss
of muscle

MUSCULAR SYSTEM
Muscles make up 40% of total body

weight
To take one step uses 200 muscles
Our tongue is the strongest muscle in

our body since it has 8 muscles

Smiling takes 17 muscles while frowning

takes 43 muscles

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
The lungs are the only organ that can

float on water
More than half a liter of water is last per

day through breathing

The lungs and windpipe were important

symbols in ancient Egypt

Yawning brings more oxygen to the

lungs

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

Human blood comes in different colors

SKELATAL SYSTEM

except blue
Living in space affects the circulatory

system
The end of a relationship can actually

break your heart

The heart pumps over a million barrels

over an average lifetime

The heart doesnt need a body

The skull are the only two axial

parts of the skeleton while
everything else is appendicular .

IMMUNE SYSTEM

The immune system is a system of biological structures

and processes within an organism that protects against
disease. To function properly, an immune system must
detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from
viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the
organism's own healthy tissue.

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

The endocrine system is the collection of glands that

produce hormones that regulate metabolism, growth and
development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction,
sleep, and mood, among other things.

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

The lymphatic system is a network of tissues and organs

that primarily consists of lymph vessels, lymph nodes and
lymph. The tonsils, adenoids, spleen and thymus are all part
of the lymphatic system. There are 600 to 700 lymph
nodes in the human body that filter the lymph before it
returns to the circulatory system.

URINARY SYTEM

The urinary system, also known as the renal system,

consists of the two kidneys, ureters, the bladder, and the
urethra. Each kidney consists of millions of functional units
called nephrons.

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

The integumentary system is the organ system that

protects the body from various kinds of damage, such as loss
of water or abrasion from outside. The system comprises the
skin and its appendages (including hair, scales, feathers,
hooves, and nails).

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

The reproductive system or genital system is a system of

sex organs within an organism which work together for the
purpose of sexual reproduction. Many non-living substances
such as fluids, hormones, and pheromones are also important
accessories to the reproductive system.

1.2 HUMAN TISSUES

CONNECTIVE TISSUE
This type of tissue is most
abundant, widespread, and varied
of all tissue types in the body. It
also has the most functions of all
the different types of skin.

EPITHELIAL TISSUE
Areas Body coverings
Body lining
Glandular tissue
FunctionsProtection
Absorption
FiltratioN

NERVOUS TISSUE

MUSCULAR SYSTEM

The nervous tissues consists of Neurons and makes up the

spinal cord and brain (inside the head). This is the least
diverse tissue of them all . It mainly consists of neurons.

There are three different types of

muscular tissue. The cardiac ,
skeletal , and smooth. Cardiac tissue
consist of branches that connect to
another muscular cell . While the
skeletal cells are straight and can be
found in the humerus and femur.

 SKULL
MANDIBLE

1.2.2
SYSTEM

STERNUM

SKELATAL

RADIUS
PHALANGES
RIB CAGE
TIBIA
FIBULA
VERTEBRAL COLUMN
SCAPULA
CARPALS
METACARPALS
PELVIC GIRDLE
FEMUR
TARSALS
METATARSALS
PATELLA
CLAVICLE
HUMERUS
ULNA

BONE TYPES
The skull are
the only two
axial parts of
the skeleton
while everything
else is
appendicular .

VERTEBRAL
COLUMN :
CERVICLE --->
THORACIC-
LUMBAR-
SACRAL & COCCYX

3 PARTS TO STERNUM

FEMALE/ MALE (pelvic

girdle)

The main part of that greatly differs between the female and
male skeleton is the pelvic girdle. The illium in the pelvic male
girdle is taller and the sacral is longer than a females.

1.2.3 FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY

The most valuable bones in sex determination are the skull & pelvis . The femur , humerus and tibia also produce pretty good
measurements. Everything depends on what trait the individual has. For instance, in determination of sex through the pelvis one
can tell what sex an individual is by their pelvic cavity shape , if its circular & wide the individual is most likely female hence the
male would have a heart shaped pelvis which shows the sacrum and coccyx.

1.3 IDENTITY

Restriction Fragment
Length Polymorphism
Restriction enzymes
recognize and cut specific
sequences in DNA
Gel electrophoresis
separates DNA fragments
based on size and is used in
RFLPs.

DNA
DNA is ones unique
mix of genes. These
genes are acquired
through the two
individuals who are
parents to that
particular individual.
The DNA double helix is
made up of nucleotides.