Professional Documents
Culture Documents
22
22
ISSN 2319-9725
Devendra Kumar Shukla
Electrical Engineering (Power Electronics)
SHIATS-DU, Allahabad, UP, India
Sudhanshu Tripathi
Assistant Professor
Electrical Engineering
SHIATS-DU, Allahabad, UP, India
Abstract: The project is designed to control AC power to a load by using firing angle
control of thyristor. Efficiency of such power control is very high compared to any other
method.
The project uses zero crossing point of the waveform which is detected by a comparator
whose output is then fed to the microcontroller. The microcontroller provides required
delayed triggering control to a pair of SCRs through opto isolator interface. Finally the
power is applied to the load through the SCRs in series. This project uses a
microcontroller from 8051 family which is interfaced through a push button switch for
increasing or decreasing the AC power to the load.
In a hardware a lamp is used in place of an induction motor whose varying intensity
demonstrates the varying power to the motor. The varying power results in variation in
speed of the motor.
The project can be further enhanced by using direct 230 volt supply instead of 12 volt AC
to the bridge rectifier for achieving higher voltage control for charging number of
batteries in series.
Index Terms: 8051 series Microcontroller,LM358,Opto isolators,Thyristor(SCRs),Push
Button ,Transformer, Diodes Voltage Regulator, Resistors,Capacitors,Crystal, Lamp.
July, 2013
www.ijirs.com
Vol 2 Issue 7
1. Introduction:
Thyristors are now widely used in many power electronics and motors drives applications.
This is due to their several advantages such as relatively small size, low losses, market
availability, and low cost. In this paper, a stator voltage control of single-phase induction
motor using thyristors is analysed and simulated. The stator voltage has been controlled by
phase angle control of single-phase supply. The delay angles and their corresponding resistor
values before the thyristor fires had been analysed. Firing requirements and limits of control
have also been studied. An electronic circuit is designed on matlab software thyristor to
control the speed of AC induction motor and simulated. The simulation results have been
found in correlation with the one obtained from the simulated matlab program using
MATLAB.
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Vol 2 Issue 7
Figure1
In a hardware a lamp is used in place of an induction motor whose varying intensity
demonstrates the varying power to the motor. The varying power results in variation in speed
of the motor.
The project can be further enhanced by using direct 230 volt supply instead of 12 volt AC to
the bridge rectifier for achieving higher voltage control for charging number of batteries in
series.
The project is designed to control AC power to a load by using firing angle control of
thyristor. Efficiency of such power control is very high compared to any other method.
3. Simulink Modelling:
The Figure. show the simulink modelling of Thyristor controlled power for induction motor.
This model contain 3-phase Inducation Motor thus the overall performance of Thyristor
controlled based system can be examine.
g
G1
S1
Continuous
G4
S4
powergui
<Thyristor current>
g
a
G3
<Thyristor voltage>
Step
Scope1
S3
G6
S6
Va
m
Tm
A
m
B
Vb
g
G5
<Thyristor current>
<Thyristor voltage>
Scope2
Scope3
Asynchronous Machine
SI Units
S5
Vc
S2
m
G2
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Vol 2 Issue 7
The Figure show the simulink modelling of Thyristor controlled power for induction motor.In
the model of Thyristor Controlled Power for induction motor, hardware is different to
simulink because hardware have rectifier, voltage regulator ,opto isolators& 8051
microcontroller to generate the pulse but in simulink we use the pulse generator to generate
the pulse
g
G1
S1
Continuous
G4
S4
powergui
<Thyristor current>
g
a
G3
<Thyristor voltage>
Step
Scope1
S3
G6
S6
Va
m
Tm
A
m
B
Vb
g
G5
<Thyristor current>
<Thyristor voltage>
Scope2
Scope3
Asynchronous Machine
SI Units
S5
Vc
S2
m
G2
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The above signal is fed into the relaxation oscillation circuit to generate an on and off
signal which turns the thyristor on and off at a preset value of potentiometer. The square
wave signal is shown in the figure 5.
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The above waveform shows that as the firing angle is been varied by adjusting the value of
the potentiometer, the conduction angle is also varied and thereby the output voltage supplied
to the load is been controlled. The values of potentiometer when is varied were obtained
and illustrated.
MATLAB Simulation of Single-Phase SCR Controller
From the above table, when the potentiometer value is increased, the delay angle will
increase and the width of the positive and negative half cycle will become smaller. Therefore,
the motor speed is reduced.The matlab simulation and the output waveform at 300 delay
angle obtained were shown below having a good correlation with output from the MATLAB
software.
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5. Conclusion:
This paper presents a modeling and simulation of single phase AC voltage controller for
single-phase induction motor. The simulation results from multisim software have been found
in correlation with their counterpart from MATLAB 7. The speed control of the induction
motor is achieved by controlling the firing angle. The relation between the speed of the motor
and the firing angle depends on the mode of operation and the phase voltage supplied. Most
International Journal of Innovative Research and Studies
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July, 2013
Vol 2 Issue 7
of the National electrical energy is been consumed by the Electrical motors both at the
domestic and industrial premises, therefore the implementation of this power electronic
control provides a larger percentage of energy conservation. In this project we control the AC
power to the load by using the firing angle contol of the Thyristor.
Efficiency of such power control is very high compared to any other method. The project
uses 3-phase voltage supply The project can be further enhanced by using direct 230 volt
supply instead of 12 volt AC.
6. Appendix:
SN.
1.
Parameter
Value
Rated
220V
voltage
2.
Rated
2.5A
current
3.
Stator
1.0
Resistance(R
)
4.
Rotor
1.5
resistance
5.
Rotor
10mH
inductance
6.
Stator
10mH
inductance
7.
Rated torque
5.2 N m
8.
Rated speed
1000rpm
9.
Frequency
50Hz
10.
Insulation
class
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Acknowledgment:
This work is supported by Electrical Engineering Dept. Sam Higginbottom Institute of
Agriculture, Technology & Science- Deemed University, Allahabad, India.
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References:
1. Shepherd, W. "Thyristor Control of AC Circuits", Book, Lockwood staples Ltd, 1st
ed. England, 1975.
2. Dubey, G. K., Doradla, S. R., Hoshi, A. and Sinha, R. M.,"Thyristorized Power
Controllers", Book, John Wiley & Sons, India, 1986.
3. Hamed, S. and Chalmers, B., Analysis of variable-voltage thyristor controlled
induction motors" IEE Proc., Vol. 137(3), Pt. B, pp. 184-193, May 1990.
4. Ronald W. M. "Control system for regulating the speed of an electric motor" .S Patent
4093898, June 1978.
5. Kamaike, H. "Elevator speed control system" U.S. Patent 4052651, Oct. 1977.
6. Rowan, T. M., Merrison, J. C. "Electric motor speed control apparatus and Method"
U.S. Patent 4996470, Feb. 1991.
7. Delange, R. J. Electric motor control apparatus and Method" U.S. Patent 5187419,
Feb. 1993.
8. SIMULINK, Model-based and system-based design using Simulink, Mathsworks, Inc,
Natick, MA, 2000.
9. MATLAB SIMULINK, version 2009 Sim Power System, One quadrant chopper DC
drive.
10. MATLAB and SIMULINK Version 2009a, the Mathsworks Inc, USA.
11. www.wikipedia.org
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