BASICS OF

QUANTITY SURVEYING

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SUB-HEAD
ITEM:
ITEM DESRIPTION
UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
RATE
TENDERED RATE
AGREED/FINAL RATE
ACTUAL RATE

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COST
PRELIMINARY ESTIMATE
DETAILED ESTIMATES
QUANTITY SURVEYING
ANALYSIS OF RATES
ABSTRACT SHEET/SUMMARY SHEET
MEASUREMENT SHEET
DEDUCTIONS

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A BUILDING ESTIMATE IS BROKEN

DOWN IN VARIOUS CATEGORIES
KNOWN AS SUB-HEADS
FOR EXAMPLE:
EXCAVATION,
CONCRETE,
MASONRY WORK ETC

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A SUBHEAD IS DIVIDED INTO VARIOUS

ITEMS
FOR EXAMPLE:
UNDER SUB-HEAD OF RCC
RCC M 15 ,
RCC M 20 ,
RCC M 25 ,
CENTERING SHUTTERING
REINFORCEMENT
ARE DIFFERENT ITEMS

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A BRIEF SPECIFICATION OF THE ITEM

FOR EXAMPLE:
RCC WORK OF GRADE M20 IN
FOOTINGS,COLUMNS,BEAMS,SLABS,LIN
TELS,
CHAJJA UPTO A HEIGHT OF 5.0M.
INCLUDING THE CURING ( THE
CENTERING /SHUTTERING & THE
REINF.SHALL BE PAID EXTRA )

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ALSO TELLS US WHICH WORKS

ARE INCLUDED OR EXCLUDED
FROM THAT ITEM.
FOR EXAMPLE:
RCC WORK OF GRADE M20 IN
FOOTINGS,COLUMNS,BEAMS,SLABS,LINTELS,
CHAJJA UPTO A HEIGHT OF 5.0M. INCLUDING THE CURING
( THE CENTERING /SHUTTERING & THE REINF. SHALL BE
PAID EXTRA )
INCLUDES: COST OF CURING
EXCLUDES: COST OF CENTERING /SHUTTERING
COST OF REINF.STEEL

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HOW THAT ITEM IS MEASURED AND

PAID AT THE SITE
FOR EXAMPLE:
RCC IS ALWAYS MEASURED AND PAID
IN CUBIC METRES.
CEMENT PLASTER IS MEASURED AND
PAID IN SQUARE METRES.
A GROOVE IN PLASTER IS MEASURED
AND PAID IN RUNNING METRES.

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ALL TYPES OF COCKS,

VALVES,
WASH BASINS,
COMMODES,
ELECTRICAL POINTS,
GEYSER,MIXER ( HOT & COLD),
BATH TUB,
FAN HOOKS,

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1.SKIRTING
2.ALL GI/HDPE/PVC PIPE LINES
(HIGH DENSITY POLY ETHELENE)
POLY VINYL CHLORIDE
3.SANITARY PIPES ( SW SALT GLAZED
PIPE LINES)
SW: SANITARY WARE
4. CHASE CUTTING
5.RIDGE /VALLEY GUTTERS
6.WIND TIES
7.BEADING/ARCHITRAVE/MOULDING

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1. FLOORING
2. DADO
3. PAINTING
4.PLASTERING
5.BRICKWORK ( HALF BRICK )
6.SUSPENDED CEILING( FALSE CEILING)
7.WINDOWS
8.DOORS
9.VENTILATORS
10.GLASS
11.ROLLING SHUTTERS

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1.RCC
2.PCC
3.BRICKWORK
4. STONE MASONRY (UCR/CR/RRM)
RRM: RANDOM RUBBLE MASONRY
5.EXCAVATION ( SOFT SOIL,HARD SOIL,
MURRUM, SOFT ROCK,HARD ROCK)
6.BACKFILLING

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1,WATER TANK
2.SEPTIC TANK

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1,STRUCTURAL STEEL FOR TRUSSES,

PURLINS,BOTTOM TIE RUNNERS, RAFTER
BRACINGS, TIE BRACINGS
2.REINFORCEMENT
3.GALVANISED CORRUGATED SHEETS,
ALUMINIUM SHEETS , COLOUR COATED
SHEETS.
4.WINDOWS IN COLD ROLLED SECTIONS
5.GRILL WORK
6.COLLAPSIBLE GATES

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UNIT RATE OF THAT ITEM

AMOUNT PER UNIT OF MEASUREMENT
FOR EXAMPLE:
RCC M20 :RATE Rs.4000/=PER CUM

IF IT IS A CONTRACT, AFTER
COMPLETION
OF THAT ITEM, THIS RATE IS PAYABLE
TO THE CONTRACTOR.

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PART RATE MEANS A % OF THE FINAL RATE IS

PAID IN FOLLOWING CASES:
1.ITEM HAS NOT YET BEEN FULLY EXECUTED
AS PER THE SPECIFICATIONS
FOR EXAMPLE:
PROVIDING /FIXING OF ALUMINIUM WINDOWS
PART RATE OF 75% IS GIVEN IN CASE THE
WINDOWS ARE BROUGHT TO THE SITE BUT
NOT YET FIXED
2.THERE IS A QUALITY PROBLEM

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COST = QUANTITY X RATE

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VOLUME WISE:
( WHERE UNIT OF MEASUREMENT IS CUM)
VOLUME = LENGTH X WIDTH X HEIGHT
AREA WISE:
( WHERE UNIT OF MEASUREMENT IS SQM)
AREA = LENGTH X WIDTH
LENGTH WISE:
( WHERE UNIT OF MEASUREMENT IS M )
LENGTH = TOTAL LENGTH IN M.

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ESTIMATES OF THE
1.COST
2.REQUIREMENT OF THE MATERIALS

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1.PRELIMINARY ESTIMATES

2.DETAILED ESTIMATES

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ARE PREPARED BASED ON

THE AVAILABLE DATA OF THE PREVIOUS
WORKS
For example:
Cost of a building of 10,000 Sqft.
=10,000 x Rs.600 per Sqft.
Here Rs.600 per Sqft is based on certain
assumptions,specifications.
THUMB RULES

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SINCE DETAILED CALCULATIONS ARE NOT

DONE,THESE ARE QUITE FAST

SINCE THESE ARE NOT PREPARED FOR THIS

PARTICULAR SITE, THE RESULTS ARE
APPROXIMATE .
Hence it can be used for :
Initial Decision Making,
Project Report,
Budget Sanctions

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IS PREPARED BASED ON
THE ACTUAL INFORMATION OF THE
EXISTING WORKS

DETAILED CALCULATIONS ARE DONE ,

HENCE TAKE MORE TIME
SINCE THIS IS PREPARED FOR THIS
PARTICULAR SITE , THE RESULTS ARE
QUITE ACCURATE & reliable .

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1.ESTIMATION OF THE QUANTITIES

2.ANALYSIS OF RATES
3.BILLING:

PREPARATION OF BILLS
VERIFICATION OF BILLS
4.ASSESSMENT OF THE WORK DONE

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ANALYSIS:
A BUILDING ESTIMATE IS BROKEN DOWN IN VARIOUS
CATEGORIES ALSO KNOWN AS HEADS
( EXCAVATION,CONCRETE,MASONRY WORK ETC)
IT REQUIRES MEASUREMENT SHEET
SYNTHESIS:
ABSTRACT OR SUMMARY OF COST IS PREPARED
WHERE ALL INDIVIDUAL HEADS ARE TOTALLED
IT REQUIRES ABSTRACT SHEET

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