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Influenţa Procesării Culinare Asupra Conţinutului În Acid Ascorbic
Influenţa Procesării Culinare Asupra Conţinutului În Acid Ascorbic
M. AVRAMIUC,
Ana LEAHU,
L. FRTI
e-mail: avramiucm@usv.ro
This work analyses the modification of the ascorbic acid (vit. C) content within some
vegetable species (potato, tomato, cabbage and parsley) during culinary processing. The
vegetable products have been subjected to some operations, such as: wetting, cutting
(finely chopping), boiling, frying, sterilizing, pickling, determining the values of vit. C,
before and after processing. It also has analysed the water where culinary processing was
accomplished, that is the water in which the legumes were introduced and maintained, for
a period of time (before thermic processing), as well as the water where all studied
vegetable products have been boiled. The evaluation of the tests effected during
experiments has shown, in all cases, greater or smaller modifications of this bioactive
component. Thus, the thermic processsing, depending on its type and on analysed
vegetable products, has determined modifications of the acid ascorbic content, in the sense
of reducing of this one. Also, within the water where the vegetables were boiled, the
biochemical tests have pointed out a variable content of ascorbic acid. Subjected to the
thermic processing, potato tubers have lost some 25% ascorbic acid through boiling and
17% through frying process. Analysing the potatoes boiling water, it has find ascorbic acid
representing over 20 % of the initial content of the potato tubers. In tomatoes, the thermic
process has reduced the vit. C up to about 73% of the initial content, the boiling water
having some 17% of the same vitamine. The tomatoes boiling water is usually valued, so
that the vitamine loss is only 10%. The thermic processing of cabbage has modifyed the
ascorbic acid content, reducing it with some 35%. Because some 27% of the ascorbic acid
was found within boiling water, the total loss of this vitamine was around 7%. As to the
parsley, the boiling process has decreased the ascorbic acid content more (with 10%) in
root tissues then leaves.
Keywords: ascorbic acid, culinary processing, vegetable, wetting, cutting, boiling, frying,
sterilizing.
de tiine Universitatea
MATERIAL I METOD
Dozarea con inutului de vit. C (acid ascorbic) s-a realizat prin metoda titrrii acidului
ascorbic cu 2,6 diclorfenol-indofenol [1], la urmtoarele materii prime, n stare crud i
dup procesare:
varz crud, varz crud tiat i frmntat cu sare (dup un repaus de 10 minute),
varz crud tiat mrunt (dup un repaus de 10 minute), varza fiart i apa n care
aceasta a fiert, varza murat i moarea de varz;
cartofi cruzi, cartofi fieri (timpul de fierbere fiind de 45 minute), cartofi prjii;
tomate neprelucrate, tomate fierte i conservate (sterilizate);
ptrunjel crud (rdcin i frunze), rdcin de ptrunjel fiart, frunze de ptrunjel
fierte, apa de la fierberea rdcinii de ptrunjel, apa de la fierberea frunzelor de
ptrunjel.
REZULTATE I DISCUII
n fig. 1 este redat variaia con inutului de acid ascorbic (vitamina C) la probele
de cartof analizate. Aa cum se observ din grafic, pornind de la valoarea de 20,06
mg % acid ascorbic n cartofii neprelucrai (cruzi), dup fierberea acestora rmne
n proba analizat o cantitate de 15,05 mg % acid ascorbic, iar n apa de fierbere
4,18 mg %.
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Vit. C%
25
20,06
obtinute
20
16,72
15,05
15
Valori
10
4,18
cartofi cruzi
cartofi fierti
apa de fierbere
cartofi prajiti
Probe analizate
Tot din fig. 1 se observ c degradarea acidului ascorbic prin prjire este mai mic
dect la fierbere, dup aceast operaiune termic regsindu-se n cartof 83,35%
din acidul ascorbic iniial.
Analiza cantitii de acid ascorbic la tomate crude i procesate termic a eviden iat,
ca i n cazul cartofilor, modificri ale coninutului acestei vitamine aa cum se
observ n fig. 2.
Vit. C%
Valo
ri
obti
nute
30
25,08
25
20
18,39
10
5,01
4,18
15
t. crude
t. fierte
apa de fierbere
t. conservate
Probe analizate
271
45
Valo
ri
obti
nute
Vit.
C%
40
33,44
43,47
35
31,77
25
28,42
20
30
15,05
13,38
15
11,7
10
v.c
v.c.t
v.c.t.f
v.f.
a.f.
v.m.
m.
5
Probe analizate
v.c = varza crud; v.c.t = varza crud tiat ; v.c.t.f = varza crud tiat i frmntat; v.f = varza
fiart; a.f = apa de fierbere; v.m = varza murat; m = moarea de la varza murat
Dac n varza crud se gseau 43,47 mg % acid ascorbic, n cea tiat erau doar
33,44 mg % acid ascorbic, iar n varza tiat i frmntat cu sare 31,77 mg %.
Din cantitatea de acid ascorbic iniial, n varza tiat s-au reg sit 76,93 %, iar n
cea tiat i srat 73,08 %. Prin utilizarea aceleiai prelucrri mecanice (tiere),
dar nso it de srare, cca. 3,85 mg % acid ascorbic s-a degradat definitiv din
produsul vegetal.
Comparnd cantitatea de acid ascorbic din varza crud cu cele gsite la varza
fiart i apa de fierbere, se poate spune c prin fierberea legumei s-a pierdut 34,62
% acid ascorbic, din care 26,92 % s-a regsit n apa de fierbere. Dac lichidul de
fierbere se folosete n continuare la prepararea unui produs culinar, atunci
pierderea total de acid ascorbic este de 7,7 %.
Prin murare, varza a pierdut acid ascorbic n proporie de 65,38%, din care 30,78 %
s-a regsit n moare (pierderea efectiv fiind de 34,60%).
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cantitate relativ nsemnat de acid ascorbic s-a gsit n moarea de varz, datorit
solubilizrii vitaminei n timpul procesului de murare.
Vit. C%
160
150,48
140
117,04
obtinute
120
100
80
Valori
60
40
33,44
23,41
21,74
21,73
20
7,52
0
r.p.c
r.p.f. 1
r.p.f. 2
a.f.r
f.p.c
f.p.f
a.f.f
Probe analizate
Din fig 4 se observ c pierderea de vit. C a fost mai mare n cazul legumei
prelucrate mecanic anterior fierberii (s- a pierdut 35 %), fa de cea nregistrat la
proba fiart ntreag (s-a pierdut 30 %).
CONCLUZII
Dozarea acidului ascorbic la cartofi, tomate, varz alb i ptrunjel a eviden iat,
n funcie de specia legumicol analizat i de tipul procesrii (de la simpla
prelucrare mecanic prin divizare/frmntare i pn la fierberea prilor
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vegetale ntregi sau divizate), reduceri ale coninutului acestei vitamine, mai mari
la tomatele conservate i varza murat i mai mici la tuberculii de cartofi i
frunzele de ptrunjel.
Testele biochimice ale apelor unde legumele au fost fierte au indicat, n funcie de
specie i/sau parte anatomic utilizat, un coninut variabil de acid ascorbic (4,1821,73%).
BIBLIOGRAFIE
Artenie, V., Tnase Elvira - Practicum de biochimie general. Centrul de Multiplicare al Univ.
Al. I. Cuza Iai, 1981
Banu C., Iordan Maria, Nour Violeta, Mustea Gr. - Procesarea materiilor prime alimentare
i pierderile de substane biologic active. Edit. TEHNICA UTM Chiinu, 2003
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