ien t cong suat 1

2.8 - HIEN TNG CHUYEN MACH

Trong cac phan trc ay, bo chnh lu c phan tch vi gia thiet bo qua
cam khang trong cua nguon ap. He qua la qua trnh chuyen mach gia cac nhanh
cha thyristor dien ra tc thi. Trong thc te, nguon co cam khang trong lam
dong ien qua no khong the thay oi ot ngot. V the, hien tng chuyen mach
gia cac nhanh cha cac thyristor khong dien ra tc thi ma keo dai mot khoang
thi gian, hnh thanh trang thai cac nhanh cha thyristor cung dan ien. Hien
tng nay c goi la hien tng trung dan (overlapping) hoac hien tng
chuyen mach (commutation).
Xet bo chnh lu mach tia ba pha ieu khien (hnh H2.33)

Nguon xoay chieu co cam khang trong Lb.

Trang thai V3:
Gia thiet dong qua tai lien tuc va V3 dan dong ien. Khi o, dong ien tai
dan qua mach (u3,Lb,V3,RLE ). Phng trnh mo ta mach:
uv3 = 0 ; iv3 = id
uv1 = u1 - u3 ; iv1 = 0 ; uv2 = u2 - u3 ; iv2 = 0
(2.43)
ud = u3
ud = R.id + L.

did
+E
dt

Trang thai (V1V3):

Tai thi iem a xung kch ong cho V1 (goc ), do tac dung ong thi
cua ien ap khoa va xung kch ong, V1 ong .
Do V1 mac noi tiep vi Lb nen dong qua no tang lien tuc t gia tr 0. Tng
t , di tac dung cua ien ap chuyen mach (u3-u1) va cam khang Lb, dong ien
qua V3 giam mot cach lien tuc t gia tr dong tai. He phng trnh mo ta trang
thai mach:

iV 1 + iV 3 = id
u1 + Lb

diV 1
di
= u3 + Lb V 3
dt
dt

2-35

ien t cong suat 1

diV 1
dt
did
ud = R.id + L.
+E
dt

(2.44)

ud = +u1 Lb

uV1 = 0 ; uV3 = 0
Gia s khoang thi gian trung dan nho hn nhieu so vi hang so thi gian
cua tai chnh lu, co the xem dong ien tai khong thay oi o ln. Do o:
iv1 + iv3 = Id = const

diV 1 diV 3
+
=0
dt
dt

(2.45)

T o dan giai:
diV 1 =

u1 u3
dX
2Lb

(2.46)

Bieu dien cac he thc trong he truc toa o mi O X vi O dch sang phai
cua iem O va O O =

, ta co:
6

u1 u3 = U m 3 sin X dX

(2.47)

T o:

i V 1 (X )

iV 1 ( )

diV1 =

iV1 (X ) iV1 ( ) =

3U m
sin X dX
2 Lb

3U m
(cos cos X )
2 .Lb

(2.48)
(2.49)

Do iV1()= 0 , nen
iV1 (X' ) =

3U m
(cos cos X' )
2 .Lb

iV 3 = i d iV1 = I d iV1

(2.50)
(2.51)

o th bieu dien cac he thc dong ien cho thay iv1 tang dan t gia tr 0 va
dong iv3 giam dan t gia tr Id .
Trang thai V1:
Trang thai V1 ,V3 cung dan se keo dai en v tr Xk thoa man:
iV1( X ' k ) = Id
iV3(Xk) = 0
(2.52)
Luc o, V3 b ngat v khong cho phep dong qua no oi dau. Hien tng
chuyen mach ket thuc, dong ien tai khep kn qua mach cha (u1,Lb ,V1,RLE),
phng trnh mo ta mach co dang:
uV1 = 0 ; iV1 = i d

diV1
dt
di d
u d = Ri d + L
+ E ; iV 3 = 0
dt
di
uV 2 = u 2 u1 + L b V 2 ; iV 2 = 0
dt
ud = +u1 Lb

(2.53)

Tng t nh tren, ta co the xet qua trnh chuyen mach gia V1,V2 va V2,V3.
Goi t va X lan lt la thi gian chuyen mach va goc chuyen mach X =.t

2-36

ien t cong suat 1

o ln goc chuyen mach c suy ra t ieu kien ket thuc hien tng
chuyen mach:

iV 1 ( X ') = iV 1 ( + ) = I d , X ' = +

(2.54)

Ket qua la:

= arccos cos

2Lb I d

3U m

(2.55)

Goc chuyen mach (va thi gian chuyen mach) phu thuoc vao goc ieu
khien , vao o ln dong ien tai va cam khang trong cua nguon ap
Cac he qua:
1. Hien tng chuyen mach lam giam ap tai. V du, trong thi gian chuyen
mach gia V3, va V1, t he phng trnh (2.44) ta suy ra ap tai co dang:
ud =

u1 + u3
u
= 2
2
2

(2.56)

Tren hnh ve H2.34, ta thay dang ap chnh lu b mat i mot phan so vi

trng hp ap ly tng (Lb = 0). Do o, trong mot chu ky ap chnh lu, tr trung
bnh ien ap tai b giam i Udx .
U dx =

1
2
3

(u1 u d ).dX =

T (2.46) ta suy ra:

U dx =

3
L b
2

Neu at: R cm =

iV 1 ( + )

iV 1 ( )

3
Lb
2

di V1 =

3
2

u1 u 3
dX
2

(2.57)

3 L b
.I d
2

Ta co: Udx = RcmId

ien ap tren tai thc te co o ln:

U dx = Ud 0 . cos RcmId
p.X b
Vi R cm =
2
p.X b
hoac R cm =

(2.58)
(2.59a)
(2.59b)

Cong thc (2.59a) ap dung cho:

- bo chnh lu tia mot xung vi diode khong (p=1);
- bo chnh lu cau mot pha ieu khien ban phan khi > 0 (p=2);
- cac bo chnh lu tia m pha ieu khien hoac khong ieu khien, co hoac
khong co diode khong (p=m);
- cac bo chnh lu cau ba pha ieu khien hoan toan va khong ieu khien
(p=6);
- bo chnh lu cau ba pha ieu khien hoan toan vi mot diode khong khi
< 3 (p=6)
bo chnh lu cau ba pha ieu khien hoan toan vi hai diode khong
(p=6)
Cong thc (2.59b) ap dung cho:
-

2-37

ien t cong suat 1

bo chnh lu cau mot pha ieu khien hoan toan va khong ieu khien
(p=2);
bo chnh lu cau mot pha ieu khien ban phan khi = 0 (p=2)
bo chnh lu cau ba pha ieu khien hoan toan vi mot diode khong va
> 3 (p=6).

- bo chnh lu cau ba pha ieu khien ban phan (p=3).

2. Hien tng chuyen mach han che pham vi goc ieu khien va do o
han che pham vi ieu khien ien ap chnh lu .
Khi phan tch qua trnh ien ap va dong ien cua thyristor trong cac dang
mach chnh lu c ban, vi goc ieu khien va bo qua hien tng chuyen mach
(Lb= 0), ta co goc an toan cua thyristor :
(2.60)
= .t q =
tq la thi gian khoi phuc kha nang khoa cua thyristor.
Neu thyristor co gia tr cho trc, gia tr goc ieu khien cc ai cho phep
co o ln bang:
max =
(2.61)
Neu xet ca hien tng chuyen mach vi la o ln goc chuyen mach, o
ln goc an toan con lai cua thyristor bang:
= ( + ) =
(2.62)
Vi gia tr cho trc cua thyristor, goc ieu khien ln nhat cho phep co
gia tr:
max = - -
(2.63)
Ro rang, pham vi goc ieu khien che o nghch lu b han che. Goc
chuyen mach cang ln (v du khi dong tai ln , Lb ln), goc max cang giam. Tren
thc te max thng lay gia tr khoang 16001650.
Do max giam nen tr trung bnh ap chnh lu trong che o nghch lu b
giam theo:
(2.64)
Udmin = Udo.cosmax - Xcm.Id
Trong trng hp mach tia ba pha, ta de dang suy ra:

2 .Lb
U d min = U d 0 .cos( )
I d X cm .I d
(2.65)

3U m

Vi cho trc, ien ap trung bnh nho nhat cua tai phu thuoc vao dong tai.
3. Hien tng chuyen mach lam bien dang ien ap nguon .

Phan tch ien

ap pha nguon tai cac
iem A hoac ien ap
day gia hai iem
AB (hnh H2.35), ta
thay no b meo dang,
tren o th ien ap
pha hnh H2.35 xuat

2-38

ien t cong suat 1

hien cac gai va lom ien ap. Cac lom va gai ien ap co o ln t le vi gia tr cam
khang Lb va dong ien tai. Do o, neu mac cac tai tieu thu khac vao mach nguon
chung vi bo chnh lu, s bien dang ap nguon gay ra do tac dung chuyen mach
cua bo chnh lu co the khong chap nhan c.
e han che o bien dang cua ap nguon, ngi ta khong mac trc tiep bo
chnh lu vao li ien ma thong qua may bien ap hoac cuon khang. May bien ap
trong hoat ong mach tac dung nh cuon khang loc vi o ln xac nh bi cam
khang tan cua cac cuon day. Cau truc mach nguon au vao bo chnh lu co dang
thay the ve tren hnh H2.36.

Hien tng chuyen mach tac dung lam ngan mach gia cac pha nguon. Cam
khang hoac may bien ap mac noi tiep vi bo chnh lu co tac dung tng ng
cam khang LT. Do co LT, ien ap ngan mach tai iem A phu thuoc vao t so cam
khang Lb va LT trong mach, neu

LT
rat ln, ien ap li cang t bien dang. Tuy
Lb

nhien, viec tang LT lai khong co li ve kha canh s dung may bien ap va ien ap
chnh lu giam nhieu do chuyen mach.
o ln ien ap tai cac v tr A luc chuyen mach xac nh theo he thc gan
ung :
UA = U

XT
X b + XT

; XT = LT , Xb = Lb

(2.66)

Trong thc te, gia tr XT thng chon trong khoang

XT = ( 0,04 0,1).

U2 f
I2 f

(2.67)

U2f , I 2f la tr hieu dung ien ap va dong ien nh mc cua nguon cap

cho tai (v du ien ap va dong ien pha th cap may bien ap).
V du 2.20:
Bo chnh lu cau mot pha ieu khien hoan toan mac vao tai ong c mot
chieu. Tai co Lu rat ln lam dong tai phang id = 100A. Nguon xoay chieu co tr hieu
dung U = 380V, Lb=0,001H, Rb = 0,01, = 314 rad/s. o sut ap tren mot linh kien
la 2V.
a/- Phan tch hien tng chuyen mach

2-39

ien t cong suat 1

b/- Tnh ien ap ln nhat do bo chnh lu cung cap cho tai

diV
max
dt

c/- Tnh o tang

d/- Tnh o ln goc chuyen mach khi =0

e/- Tnh goc ieu khien max, gia thiet thi gian khoi phuc kha nang khoa cua
SCR la tq = 50S
Giai:
a/- Gia s V3,V4 ang dan, V1,V2 b ngat. Trong na chu ky dng cua ap
nguon, tai v tr tng ng goc kch , xung kch a vao V1,V2 lam cho chung ong.
Do tac dung Lb, hnh thanh trang thai ong dan ien cua V1,V2,V3,V4 vi he phng
trnh mo ta sau:

iV 1 + iV 3 = I d
di
dt
iV 4 = iV 1 iV 3

u = Lb .
i = iV 1

ud = uV 1 uV 4 = 0

Giai he phng trnh tren ta thu c goc chuyen mach:

2.I . .Lb

= arccos cos d

2 .U

o tang dong ien qua SCR (v du khi ong V1,V2):

diV U . 2
=
sin
dt
2.Lb

b/o sut ap tren SCR: UV= 2 x 2V = 4[V]

o sut ap tren Rb: Urb = 0,01 x 100= 1[V]
o sut ap gay ra bi qua trnh chuyen mach :

2-40

ien t cong suat 1

U xb = Rx .I d =

2.314.0,001

.100 = 19,9[V ]

ien ap trung bnh ln nhat bo chnh lu cap cho tai :

Udmax= Ud0 - (UV +URb+Uxb )
2 2
U d max =
.380 (4 + 1 + 19,9) = 317,7[V ]

c/- Tnh o tang dong qua SCR khi ong:

diV U . 2
sin
=
dt
2.Lb

o doc at cc ai khi =
. Luc o:
2
380 2
diV
=
= 0,2687.106 [ A / s ] = 0,2687[ A / .s ]

dt
2
.
0
,
001

max

d/- Goc chuyen mach khi = 0

2.I . .Lb

= arccos cos d

2 .U

2.100.314.0,001
0
= arcc cos cos 0

2 .380

= 0,488[rad ] 28 0

e. = .tq = 314.106.50 = 0,0157[rad ] 0,90

cos max =

2.100
2 .380

.314.0,001 + cos( 0,0157 )

cos max = 0,8830 max = 2,653[rad ] 1520

2.9 MAY BIEN AP CAP NGUON CHO CAC BO CHNH LU

2.9.1 CHC NANG CUA MAY BIEN AP
May bien ap dung lam nguon xoay chieu cho cac bo chnh lu co cac chc
nang sau:
1. Cung cap ien ap nguon co o ln phu hp vi yeu cau cua tai.
2. Cach ly ap nguon cua bo chnh lu vi li ien. Do o, tai co the chay
ngan mach trong thi gian ngan.
3. Tac dung loc cac song hai bac cao.
4. Tao thanh cam khang chuyen mach, do o han che s bien dang gay ra
t qua trnh chuyen mach.
5. Tao he thong nguon xoay chieu nhieu pha e cung cap cho bo chnh lu
nhieu xung.
2.9.2 TNH TOAN
MAY BIEN AP
Phan tch dang ien ap
va dong ien may bien ap

2-41

ien t cong suat 1

Phan tch chnh xac qua trnh ien ap va dong ien mach may bien ap co
the at c bang cach giai bai toan mach ien t. Tuy nhien, viec giai toan
tng oi phc tap. Trong thc te, ngi ta thng giai bai toan di dang c
n gian hoa. Trong vai trng hp n gian, dong
ien t hoa c bo qua.
ien ap pha s cap va th cap c xem co
dang sin va t so cac ien ap nay bang t so vong
day cuon s cap va th cap.
Dong ien qua cuon th cap c xac nh phu
thuoc vao cau hnh bo chnh lu. Dong ien cuon th
cap c xac nh phu thuoc vao thanh phan xoay
chieu cua dong qua cuon s cap. Thanh phan dong
ien mot chieu qua cuon th cap co tac dung a
trang thai mach t vao che o bao hoa nen can c
han che.
V du, xet may bien ap ba pha mac vao bo chnh lu tia ba xung nh tren
hnh H2.39. Bo qua dong ien t hoa, sc t ong F1, F2 va F3 (hnh H2.39) tren
cac tru may bien ap at gia tr nh nhau:
F1=F2=F3
(2.66)
Gia thiet cac cuon day c quan cung chieu, ta co:
N s .i1s N p .i1 p = N s .i2 s N p .i2 p = N s .i3s N p .i3 p
(2.67)
Np.. tong so vong day tren mot pha pha s cap
Ns.. tong so vong day tren mot pha cuon th cap
e n gian, gia thiet Ns=Np=N, ta thu c:
i1s i1 p = i2 s i2 p = i3s i3 p

(2.68)

nh luat Kirchoff cho nut dong

ien cho ta:
i1 p + i2 p + i3 p = 0
(2.69)
Dong ien qua cuon s cap:
2.i1s i2 s i3s
;
3
2.i i i
= 2 s 3s 1s ;
3
2.i3s i1s i2 s
=
3

i1 p =
i2 p
i3 p

(2.70)

Qua trnh dong ien qua cac

pha cua cuon s cap va cuon th cap
c ve tren hnh H2.40.
Tr hieu dung dong ien qua cuon th
cap va cuon s cap:

2-42

ien t cong suat 1

Is =

1
2

2
1s dX

Id

Ip =

1
2

(2.71)

2
1 p dX

= k.

2
.I d
3

(2.72)

vi k la t so may bien ap.

nh mc ien ap pha th cap may bien ap:
Goi : - Utmax la ien ap ln nhat cua tai
- UdT la tong cac sut ap tao nen bi cac linh kien
- Udrmax la tong cac sut ap cc ai tao tren ien tr day dan va
ien tr nguon
- Udxmax o sut ap cc ai gay ra bi qua trnh chuyen mach
Taco:
- UdT = n. U1T
- n: la so linh kien trong mach mac noi vi tai trang thai dan ien
(khong xet trang thai chuyen mach )
- U1T: o sut ap theo chieu thuan tren mot linh kien
- Udrmax = R.Idmax
- R : la tong tr cua day dan, cua nguon trong mach trang thai
dan ien
- Udxmax = Xcm.Idmax
- Xcm : tr khang chuyen mach, phu thuoc vao cau tao mach
- Idmax : dong ien tai cc ai cho phep.
ien ap chnh lu phai thoa man ieu kien:
(2.73)
Udmax = Ud0.cosmin Utmax +UdT + Udxmax + Udrmax
oi vi mach chnh lu tia ba pha:
U d max =

3 6
U . cos min
2

(2.74)

Chon:
min = 0 U d max =

3 6
U
2

(2.75)

T o, ien ap nguon pha th cap may bien ap c chon sao cho

hay

3 6
U > U t max + U dT + U dx max + U dr max
2
U t max + U dT + U dx max + U dr max

U>

(2.76)
(2.77)

3 6
2

Neu ien ap nguon c phep giam xuong thap nhat bang b.U ( 0 < b < 1 ),
ta can co:
b. U >

U t max + U dT + U dx max + U dr max

(2.78)

3 6
2

2-43

ien t cong suat 1

hay

U t max + U dT + U dx max + U dr max

U>

(2.79)

3 6
b
2

Trong trng hp s dung bo chnh lu kep va ieu khien no theo phng

phap ong thi oi hoi min > 0. Khi o, thay v cosmin = 1, ta can gi nguyen
bieu thc cosmin trong he thc xac nh U.
Neu tai phai lam viec che o nghch lu va co gia tr thap nhat Utmin
( Utmin < 0 ), bo chnh lu hoat ong vi goc ieu khien tng ng max . Nguon
phai co kha nang nhan nang lng t tai a ve. Khi o, ieu kien thiet lap gia
ap chnh lu va pha tai la:
b.U d 0 .cos max U t min + U dT + U dx max + U dr max
(2.80)
Do cac bieu thc trong dau tr tuyet oi eu am nen ta suy ra:
b.U d 0 . cos max U t min + U dT + U dx max + U dr max
Ta chon nguon sao cho:
b.Ud0.cosmax < Utmin
Bo chnh lu mach tia ba pha:
b.

3 6
.U . cos max < U t min
2

(2.81)
(2.82)
(2.83)

Do cosmax < 0, nen:

U t min

U >

3 6
.b. cos max
2

(2.84)

nh mc dong ien pha th cap may bien ap

Dong ien nh mc cuon th cap c tnh theo tr nh mc cua dong tai.
Theo ket qua phan tch dong ien qua may bien ap, ta co cho mach chnh lu tia
ba pha:
Is =

Id

(2.85)

nh mc cong suat bieu kien cua may bien ap

V du xet bo chnh lu mach tia ba pha. Cong suat bieu kien may bien ap:
St =

Ss + S p
2

= k t .Pd

(2.86)

- kt la he so s dung may bien ap

- Sp, Ss la cong suat bieu kien pha s cap va th cap may bien ap
- Pd la cong suat tai
- Sp = mp.Up.Ip
- Ss = ms.Us.Is
- ms : la so pha
- U ,I : tr hieu dung ien ap va dong ien
T ket qua phan tch dong ien qua may bien ap, ta co:
Is =

Id
3

Is = k .

2
Id
3

(2.87)

2-44

ien t cong suat 1

Tr hieu dung ap nguon:

2

Us = U =

Ud0
3 6
2 Ud0
1
1
U p = .U s = .U =
.
k
k
k
3 6

(2.88)
(2.89)

T o:
S p = 3U pI p = 3.

Sp =

2
3 3

U d0I d =

1
2

2
3 3

(2.90)

Pd

Id

3
.Pd
3

(2.91)

2
3

P +
..Pd = 1,35 Pd

3 3 d
3

(2.92)

S s = 3.U s .I s = 3.
va St =

2 Ud 0
2
.
.k
Id
k
3

3 6

3 6

U d0 .

V the, he so s dung may bien ap kt = 1,35

V du 2.21:
May bien ap ba pha au dang Y-Y co tham so:
Cong suat bieu kien St = 200 kVA
ien ap ngan mach unm = 5%
Cong suat ton hao Pj = 5,14 [kW]
ien ap day pha th cap Ud = 880 [V]
Dong ien nh mc pha th cap Itcdm = 131 [A]
Xac lap cac tham so mach nguon tng tng qui oi sang pha th cap.
Giai:
Thanh phan ien ap ngan mach tren ien tr trong may bien ap ur:
P j
5 ,14.10 3
ur =
=
= 0 ,0257
St
200.10 3
ien tr va tr khang trong may bien ap quy oi sang pha th cap:
Ud
880
Rb = ur .
= 0 ,0257.
= 0 ,0997 [ ]
3 .I tcdm
3 .131

X b = .Lb = u nm .

ud

3 .I tcdm

= 0 ,05.

880
3 .131

= 0 ,194 [ ]

2-45

ien t cong suat 1

V du 2.22:
Cho bo chnh lu cau ba pha ieu khien hoan toan. Nguon ien ap xoay chieu
lay t pha th cap U = 220 V, tan so = 314 rad/s. Tai R = 0,1 , L rat ln dung lam
dong tai lien tuc va phang, E = 200 V, goc ieu khien =

[rad].

a/- Tnh tr trung bnh ap Ud va dong Id .

b/- Tr trung bnh va tr hieu dung dong qua SCR.
c/- Tnh tr hieu dung dong ien qua nguon xoay chieu.
d/- Gia s trong qua trnh ieu khien do tai thay oi (E), thay oi trong pham
vi (0,). Dong tai c ieu chnh gia tr xac nh cau a/- . Tnh cong suat may
bien ap.
Hng dan;
a/3 6
3 6

.U . cos =
.220. cos = 257
[V ]
Ud =

3
Id =

U d E 257 200
=
= 572
R
0,1

[ A]

b/I ATV =

Id
= 190,6[ A]
3

ITRMS =

1
.I d =
3

I RMS =

2
.I d =
3

1
.572 = 330[ A]
3

c/-

d/S=

Is =

2
.572 = 467[ A]
3

S p + Ss
2
2
Id
3

2-46

ien t cong suat 1

S s = 3U s .I s = 3.U s .
U d max =
Up =
Ip =

Np
Ns

3 6
.U d

2
.I d
3
;

( = 0 )

.U s

Ns
N
.I s = s .I s
Np
Np

T cac he thc tren, ta co the suy ra c:

S = 1,05.Udmax .Id
U d max =

3 6

.220 = 514,5[V ]

I d = 572[ A]

S = 1,05. 514,5 . 572 = 309068 VA

S = 309 kVA
V du 2.23
Tnh toan nh mc may bien ap, mach chnh lu. Cho biet bo chnh lu mach
cau ba pha cap nguon cho ong c mot chieu kch t oc lap. ong c co tham so:
udm = 400 V
Idm = 188 A
R = 0,051
nm = 470 v/ph
o sut ap cho phep cua li ien la 5%
o sut ap tren moi SCR khi ong la 2 V.
Dong ien cc ai cho phep cua ong c bang 1,5 Idm.
Giai:
Viec nh mc ien ap cua nguon ( may bien ap) phai thoa man yeu cau ap
cung cap ln nhat do pha tai yeu cau:
Ta co: U max = RIu max + c ktm.m
Hang so kch t nh mc
c ktdm =

U udm Ru I udm 2,5

dm

vi udm = 440 V
R = 0,051
Im = 188 A

n
dm = 2 dm = 49 ,218 [ rad / s ]
60

2,5 [V] la ien ap tiep xuc choi quet vi co gop. ay bo qua anh hng
nhiet o len ien tr mach phan ng
cktdm = 8,69

2-47

ien t cong suat 1

T o :
umax = R.Iumax + cktm . m + 2,5
= 0,051 . 188. 1,5 + 8,69 . 49,218 + 2,5 = 444,6 V
o sut ap tren SCR:
Uv = 2 x 2 [V] = 4 [V]
Do cac tham so cua may bien ap cha co nen o sut ap cua chung khong xac
nh c. e chon may bien ap ta phai phong oan o sut ap do qua trnh chuyen
mach. T o ta chon may bien ap va thc hien kiem chng ien ap, neu khong phu
hp (cao qua hoac thap qua so vi yeu cau ) ta lan lt chon va kiem tra lai.
Chon o sut ap tong khoang 10% so vi ap nh mc. Ta co ap chnh lu ln
nhat:
Ud msx =440 + 0,1.440 = 484 V
Ud max =

3 6

Xet ca sut ap li ien ( 5% ), ta co

U d max =

3 6

T o US=

.U .0,95

3 6 .0,95

.484 = 217,8[V ]

ien ap day pha th cap may bien ap :

ULS = 3U S = 3. 217 = 376 [V ]
Cong suat bieu kien may bien ap:
St = kt.Pd = 1,05. 440. 188 = 86856 VA =86,8 kVA
kt = 1,05 la he so s dung may bien ap ap dung cho bo chnh lu cau ba pha.
Tra bang ta chon may bien ap vi:
St = 125 kVA, Yy 0
ien ap pha cuon s cap (ap day) ULP=380 V
Dong s cap IP = 190 A
ien ap th cap (ap day) ULS = 510 / 410 / 320 / 220 [V]
Dong ien mach th cap IS =141 / 176 / 255 / 298 [A]
ien ap ngan mach 4%
Gia s bo qua ton hao may bien ap Rb = 0
Chon mc ap th cap 410 V:
X b = 0,04.

410
3.176

= 0,05379

o sut ap do qua trnh chuyen mach :

U x = R x I u max

Rx =
U x

6.X b
0 ,05379
= 6.
= 0 ,0513
2
2
= 0 ,0513 .188 .1,5 = 14 ,487 [V ]

Kiem chng ien ap:

Ud max =Uu max +Uv +Ux
= 444,6 +4 +14,487 = 463,08 [V]

2-48

ien t cong suat 1

ien ap chnh lu do may bien ap a chon cung cap:

3 6 .U S
3 2 .U LS
U d max =
.0 ,95 =
.0 ,95

3 2 .410
.0 ,95 = 526 [V ]

Nh vay may bien ap a chon at yeu cau ve ien ap.

nh mc dong ien cho may bien ap da tren c s dong tai nh mc. Tr
hieu dung dong ien qua cuon th cap:

Udmax =

2
2
2
.188 = 153 ,5 [ A ]
.I udm =
.I d =
3
3
3
Dong ien nh mc qua cuon s cap:
U
410
I P = LS .I S =
.153 ,5 = 165 ,6 [ A ]
U LP
380
IP =

nh mc ien ap va dong ien cho linh kien da tren c s o ln cc ai

xuat hien cua chung.
ien ap ln nhat xuat hien tren SCR:
U RWM = U DWM = 2 .U tLS = 2 .410 = 579 ,8 [V ]
Dong ien ln nhat qua SCR co tr trung bnh :
ITAV max =

I d max
I
188.1,5
= u max =
= 62,66[ A]
3
3
3

T o, cac SCR c chon vi tham so:

URRM = UDRM = Ku . URWM ;
IATV = Ki . ITAVmax
vi Ku =(2,5 -> 3,5) ; va Ki =(1.21,5)
V du 2.24
Cho s o mach tren hnh H2.41. Tnh cho may bien ap va cac linh kien bo chnh lu.
Cho biet rang tai co R=1 , L . Ap nguon xoay chieu u co tr hieu dung 220V,
50Hz. Bo qua sut ap tren may bien ap.

Hng dan:
Cong suat bieu kien pha th cap (gom 2 cuon th cap):
S s = 2.U s .

Id

Cong suat bieu kien pha s cap:

Ip =

US
.I d ;
UP

S P = U P .I P

2-49

ien t cong suat 1

Cong suat may bien ap:

St =

1
( SP + SS )
2

2-50