Darwins Theory of Evolution

The Puzzle of Lifes Diversity

Chapter 15-1

Image from: Biology by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing2006

WRITE A DEFINITION:
EVOLUTION:

change over time; the process by which modern

organisms have descended from ancient
organisms
THEORY:

a well-supported testable explanation of

phenomena that have occurred in the natural world
FOSSIL:

the preserved remains of ancient organisms

http://www.millan.net

REMEMBER !

The total variety of all the

organisms in the biosphere
= ________________
BIODIVERSITY
Where did all these different organisms
come from?
How are they related?

What scientific explanation can

account for the diversity of life?

ANSWER:
A collection of ______________,
Scientific facts
observations and ___________
hypotheses
__________,
known as
________________________
EVOLUTIONARY THEORY

The person who contributed the

most to our understanding of
evolution was
Charles Darwin
______________________

http://harrier.users.netlink.co.uk/Darwin_sm.jpg

In 1831, at age 22, he joined the crew of

H.M.S. Beagle as a naturalist for
the _______________
a ________
5 year voyage around the world.

Image from: Biology by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing2006

During his travels, Darwin wrote thousands

of pages in his journals, drew pictures of
the things he saw, and collected a vast
evidence
amount of ______________
that led him
revolutionary hypothesis
to propose a _______________________
life changes
about the way _____________.

http://www.elsie.brandeis.edu/images/journals.gif

http://www.24hourmuseum.org.uk/chg/content/images/2003_2233.JPG

DARWIN WONDERED?
different
Why do Argentina and Australia have ________
animals
______ even though they have ________
similar
ecosystems
grassland ____________?
Why are there no rabbits
______ in Australia and
no ________
kangaroos in England?
Why have so many species
disappeared?
How are these ______
extinct species
related to living species?

http://www.rc.umd.edu/praxis/mitchell/images/dinosaur1.gif

Who Was Charles Darwin?

While on his voyage around the world
Beagle Charles Darwin
aboard the H.M.S.
____________,
spent about one month observing life on the
________________.
Galpagos Islands
There, he encountered some unique animals,
tortoises
such as finches
______ and ________.

http://www.darwinadventure.com/pictures/galapagos_giantortoise.jpg
http://mikebaird.com/ecuador/images/galapagos_off_ecuador_ng_map.jpg

The Galpagos Islands are close together

climates
but have very different _______.
Some were hot and dry, with
little vegetation.
Others had more rainfall and were
rich in vegetation

Biology by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing2006

Each island had

unique
its own _____
_________
assortment of
plant and animal
species.

Giant Tortoises of the Galpagos Islands

Section 15-1

and on Pinta Island, tortoise necks

were somewhere in between
Pinta

Pinta Island

Tower

Marchena

Intermediate shell

Fernandina

James
Santa Cruz

Isabela

Santa Fe

Hood Island
Floreana

Isabela Island

Hood

Saddle-backed shell

On the desert-like Hood Island,

tortoises had long necks

Dome-shaped shell

while
Go to on the lush rainforest of Isabela Island,
Section:tortoises had short necks

After his voyage, Darwin spent a great

deal of time thinking about his findings.
Biology by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing2006

He began to wonder if animals living on

different islands had once been members
same species that had
of the ____________
developed different
_________ characteristics
after becoming isolated
_______ from one
another in different habitats.

Darwins Theory of Evolution

Ideas that Shaped Darwins Thinking

Chapter 15-2

Image from: Biology by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing2006

Ideas that shaped Darwins thinking:

James Hutton
In 1785 ______________
proposes that the EARTH
shaped by
was _______
geological forces
_________________
occurring over
very long
__________
periods of
time, and is
millions of years old.
_______________

http://www.creationism.org/books/TaylorInMindsMen/TaylorIMMc03.htm

Ideas that shaped Darwins thinking:

Charles Lyell
In 1833 ___________
explains that the geological
processes still ___________
occurring now
have shaped Earths
features over
long
periods of time
________________

http://www.biologydaily.com/biology/Sir_Charles_Lyell

Ideas that shaped Darwins thinking:

SINCE THEN
Theory of Pangaea
and continental
drift
http://wrgis.wr.usgs.gov/docs/usgsnps/animate/A08.gif

http://www.wasatchcomputers.net/gallery/elk_fight.jpg

REMEMBER !
Chapter 3

competition

Living things must compete for

food, shelter, space, mates

http://www.nndb.com/people/250/000024178/malthus.jpg

Ideas that shaped Darwins thinking:

Thomas
Malthus (1798)
_____________________

He observed that babies were being born

faster than people were dying. He
reasoned that if the human population
continued to grow, sooner or later there
insufficient space & food
would be _______________________

http://www.educa.rcanaria.es/fundoro/00.corsi.htm

Ideas that shaped Darwins thinking:

Jean-Baptiste
Lamarck (1809)
___________________________
was one of first scientists
to recognize living things
changed
over time and that
_______________
all species were descended
________ from
other species.

Lamarck published his hypothesis of

Inheritance of Acquired traits
________________________
the year Darwin was born.

The male fiddler crab uses its

front claw to _________mates
attract
predators
and fight off _____________.

repeated use, the

Through _________
front claw becomes ________.
larger

The fiddler passes on this

acquired
__________
characteristic to
its offspring

http://www.geocities.com/arnold_schwarzenegger_pictures/

Whats wrong with Lamarcks hypothesis?

Lamarck didnt know about
genes and how traits are
inherited
_______.
If you lifted weights your
whole young adult life, and
then you had children, would
your kids be more muscular?
ACQUIRED traits can ____
PASSED ON
NOT be __________
NO! ________
to their offspring.

Whats right with Lamarcks hypothesis?

Lamarck was first to

develop a scientific
hypothesis about
evolution
_______
and recognize that
organisms are
adapted to their environments
________________________
http://pegasus.cc.ucf.edu/~he599900/giraffeeating.jpg

Match the letter of the idea with

the man or men who proposed it:

Malthus
Hutton

Lyell

a.
b.
c.
d.

Lamarck

The earth is really old, and slowly changes

Living things pass acquired changes on to their offspring
Sooner or later growing populations run out of resources
Living things change slowly over time because of competition for resources,
and pass those changes on to their offspring

c.
Malthus
Hutton

a.
Lamarck

Lyell

b.
d.
a.
b.
c.
d.

The earth is really old, and slowly changes

Living things pass acquired changes on to their offspring
Sooner or later growing populations run out of resources
Living things change slowly over time because of competition for resources,
and pass those changes on to their offspring

Concept Map
Section 15-3

Evidence of
Evolution

includes

The fossil record

Geographic
distribution of
living species

Homologous
body structures

Similarities
in early
development

which is composed of

which indicates

which implies

which implies

Physical
remains of
organisms

Common
ancestral
species

Similar genes

Similar genes

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