Chem. 1A Midterm 1 Fall 2014 Prof. Lavallo Full Name: key Discussion Section: Student ID #: *Please have a photo ID ready when you turn in your scantron sheet *If you do not know your section #, write the day and hour it begins *The last page is a periodic table1) The symbols for some elements do not match their written names (e.g: lead). The reason for this discrepancy is... a) at times Aztec symbols replace the typical periodic letters b) certain elements have multiple forms that necessitate unusual lettering GD certain elements have symbols that correspond to their names in different languages 4) because all elements have an alternative symbol that corresponds to a latin name = tungsten, PI 2) Do elements in the same period have more or les similar properties compared to elements in the same group? 2) No, all elements in a group and a period have similar properties b)_ Yes, elements in the same period typically have similar properties, with the exception of the alkali metals )_ Yes, elements in the same period typically have similar properties, with the exception of the p-block No, elements in the same group have more similar properties than elements in a period 3) Although the lanthanides and actinides are generally removed from the upper portion of the periodic table and placed at the bottom, what periods do they belong to? a) Periods 4 and 5 CD Periods 6 and 7 ©) Periods 5 and 6 d) Periods 7 and 8 4) Is Carbon considered a lanthanide, alkaline earth or alkali metal? a) lanthanide b) alkaline earth )Alkalt C@DNone of the above 5) Is rconsidered a main group, alkali metal or a metalloid? a) Main group b) Alkali Metal Metalloid ‘4))) None of the above6) J. Thompson (1856-1940) proposed that cathode rays must consist of these tiny particles, because they are drawn toward positively charged external plates, He also reasoned that all metallic elements must contain these particles, called what? a) Neutrons b) Positrons )_ Protons Dione of the above 7) Thompson was not able to measure the mass of the particles, but was able to measure this ratio, which is equal to 1.758 X 10° C/g. What is this ratio? a) Charge to Charge ratio b) Coulombs ratio ©) Rydberg ratio Cd) None of the above 8) R.A. Millikan figured out a brilliant way to measure this constant, by suspending charged oil droplets between two oppositely charged plates. What is this constant called? ® Charge of an electron 'b) Charge to mass ratio ) Mass of anelectron d) None of the above 9) Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937) shot alpha-particles at a piece of gold foil to discover this about atoms? a) An atom is almost entirely empty space with the mass concentrated in the orbitals around the nucleus. b) An atom is almost entirely empty space with the mass concentrated in the area outside the 1s orbital. ‘An atom is compact with the mass distributed equally through its shells. oD None of the above10) How does Z relate to the nature of a specific element? Om {is equal to the atomic number, which is the number of protons, which defines the properties of a given element. b)Zis equal to the atomic number, which is the number of electrons, which defines the properties of a given element, ©) Zis equal to the atomic number, which is the number of neutrons, which defines the properties of a given element. 4) Zis equal to the atomic number, which is the number of protons, which defines which kind of isotope an element iti. Consider the following graph and answer questions 11-23. ns n=4 — m3 n=2 11) How much energy is released when a mol of free electrons combines with a mol of protons to form a mol of hydrogen atom. -1312 ki/mol b) -1312.1/mol ©) +1312 ké/mol 4) #13124/mol12) Ifa single electron in an excited hydrogen atom is occupying the 3" energy level and then relaxes back to the ground state, how much energy is released in the form of electromagnetic radiation? aie a 66% | a). -1260 ki/mol oe 6.00 ) b) 41.937 * 10% kj/electron 1% hy v G@® -1.937 * 10 kjelectron . zu a) +1166 ki/mot 1aS 700 ede San Shald Be ry 13) What is the wavelength of a photon that is emitted when an electron transtiog rom the 4" to the 3” energy level. {E = hv, v= c/A, where c= 3.0 *10° m/s and h = 6.626 * 10 mi*Kgts" Joules = kg*m?*s ¥ 2 he eel 2)3.1°10m ye Hoods tory = 1.0631 x0" oo zona Cor 10%m =~ 37, Goewo™e leon oe me 4.7% 108 m cay, aoe J 4)9.7* 10" : = ; . S 64000 Faw y 14) Ifa single electron in an excited hydrogen atom is occupying the Sth energy level relaxes back to the ground state, how much energy is released in the form of electromagnetic radiation? 1212 -2.093 * 10 ki/electron 1% a Oe ete a7 2-048x0 ©) -1260ki/mol 1260 %,, Goryeo! 4d) +1260ki/mol 15) Luis de Broglie (1892-1987) hypothesized that if electromagnetic radiation can behave as both a wave and a particle, perhaps the same is true about particles of matter, such as an electron. Einstein's theory of special relativity tells us £ = mc”. De Broglie substituted mc” for E into E= hc/A, and upon solving for 2, arrived at the equation 2.= h/mec. In order to obtain the wave length for any moving particle, such as an electron, how must the equation be modified? a) The speed of light must be replaced with the square root of 2 CBD The speed of light must be replaced with the velocity of the object ‘) The speed of light must be replaced with the mass of an object 4) The speed of light must be replaced by a photon16) Which of the following shapes are valid representations of atomic orbitals, OL8 HH 192 3 4 5 a) Allof the above 17) How many angular nodes does a 2s orbital have? ° b) 2 a2 3 18) How many radial nodes does a 2p, orbital have? ayo ) 1 a2 d) 3 19) Different subshells in a non-hydrogenic atom are not degenerate. Why is this? a) Because of the neutron attraction with the electrons the Z-effective increases and causes this phenomenon. b) Because of the proton attraction with the electrons the Z-effective increases and causes this phenomenon. ©) Because non-hydrogenic atoms have more than one electron and these electrons can interact with each other in an attractive manner, which changes their relative energies. Because non-hydrogenic atoms have more than one electron and these electrons can iteract with each other in a repulsive manner, which changes their relative energies.20) Why does Zeff of the 1s orbital increase more when we go down a group of elements ‘compared to when we go from left to right across a period in the periodic table? a) Because the orbitals of the p-block penetrate less, the Z-effective increases dramatically as we go down a group, but not from right to lft. b) Because the orbitals of the p-block shield more, Z-effective increases dramatically as we go down a group, but not from right to left. Because the nuclear charge increases to a greater extent as we go down a group in comparison to across a period 4) Because the nuclear charge increases to a greater extent as we go down a grou ‘comparison to across a period, as well as the fac that the orbitals expand. 21) Which statement best describes an orbital contraction? a) An orbital contraction means that when Zeff increases the electrons in an orbital surrounding the nucleus are shielded to a greater extent and thus contract. b)_ An orbital contraction is what happens when Zeff increases and all of the electrons in orbitals surrounding the nucleus get repelled and thus a contraction occurs. ©) Anoorbital contraction is what happens when Zeff decreases and all of the electrons in orbitals surrounding the nucleus get drawn in towards the nucleus and thus a contraction occurs. ‘An orbital contraction is what happens when Zeff increases and all ofthe electrons in orbitals surrounding the nucleus get drawn in towards the nucleus and thus a contraction occurs. 22) Which statement best describes how Zeff relates to the energy of an electron in a 2p, orbital? a) As Zeff decreases, the energy of the electron in question would decrease As Zeff decreases, the energy of the electron in question would increase (©) As Zeff increases, the energy of the electron in question would increase d) As Zeff increases, the energy of the electron would not change because itis shielded 23) Consider Coulombs law of electrostatic attraction. What are the two primary factors that influence the attractive force between two oppositely charged particle. a) The distance between the particles and their shape. ‘The distance between the particles and the magnitude of their charges. )_ The shape of the particles and their radial distribution about the y-axis. 4d) None of the above24) Consider the effective nuclear charge that a 2p electron feels in carbon compared to boron. Which statement is most correct? a) The energy of a 2p electron of Cis higher, and the size of the orbital is greater, and the electrons are bound more tightly to the nucleus compared to the 2p electron in B. b) The energy of a 2p electron of Cis higher, and the size of the orbital is greater, and the ‘electrons are bound more loosely to the nucleus compared to the 2p electron in B. yThe energy of a 2p electron of Cis lower, and the size of the orbital is smaller, and the ‘electron is bound more tightly to the nucleus compared to the 2p electron in B. d)_ The energy of a 2p electron of Cis lower, and the size of the orbital is larger, and the electron is bound more tightly to the nucleus compared to the 2p electron in B. 25) What is pairing energy and how does it relate to Hund’s rule? Choose the best answer. a) Pairing energy is the amount of energy required to separate two electrons into degenerate orbitals and explains why Hund's rule of maximum multiplicity works. 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