Cisco product technology concepts

Nhm gip cc bn hiu r hn trong cc chng thit k v sau (cng v sau s cng phc
tp), do s tm thi dng post phn thit k, tp trung vo phn gii thch cc thut
ng c s dng trong thit k.
Tt c cc bi vit v thit k u ngm nh rng cc bn c chng ch hoc kin thc
tng ng CCNA/CCDA/CCNA-Security (i vi phn thit k LAN/WAN) v CCNA Wireless (i vi phn thit k WLAN) c th nm bt tt nht ni dung ca bi vit.
Xin c lit k cc thut ng c s dng Nhm gip cc bn nghin cu su hn qua cc
ti liu ting anh, ti xin php gi nguyn cc thut ng ny English m khng dch sang
ting vit.

Cc Thut Ng Trong Switching

V kin trc ca Switch : thng thng c 2 dng thit k l Modular v Fix. Kin trc
Modular cho php h tr nhiu khe cm nn cho php m rng s cng kt ni nhiu hn,
hn na c th chn cc loi linecard ph hp cho tng thit k, h tr cc tnh nng d
phng trn cng 1 Switch, do kin trc Modular c ng dng cho cc Switch lp
Core/Distribution (cc dng Switch c thit k dng Modular: Catalyst 6500/4500,
Nexus 7000). Ngc li thit k dng Fix khng cho php thay i hay nng cp cc thnh
phn trn Switch, mun thay i hay nng cp phi thay Switch (cc dng Switch thit k
dng Fix: Catalyst Switch 3750/3750 -X/3750-E/3560/3560-X/3560E/2960/2960S/IE3000/IE3010, Nexus 5000/4000/3000/2000).
Chi tit v cc thnh phn Modular Switch:
Chassis: l thnh phn kt ni tt c cc module cn li vi nhau, nu so snh mt cch
gn ng th Chassis tng t vi PC case gn sn Mainboard.
Example: Cisco Catalyst 6500 Series Chassis
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/coll...800ff916-1.jpg
Super Visor: l thnh phn trung tm iu khin hot ng ton b Switch, quyt nh
mnh (switching performance) v tnh nng ca Switch. Nu so snh m t cch gn ng th
Super Visor tng t vi CPU trn PC.
Example: Supervisor Engine 2T
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/coll...8-648214-1.jpg
Line Card: l thnh phn cung cp cc giao din (Interface) kt ni vo mng, c
phn thnh cc loi Ethernet (LAN) Module v WAN Module, trong Ethernet Module h
tr cc chun kt ni Ethernet trong LAN, ngc li WAN Module h tr cc chun kt ni
trn WAN (SONET, HSSI, T1/T3, ).
Example: Cisco Catalyst 6500 16-Port 10 Gigabit Ethernet Copper Module
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/coll...801dce34-1.jpg
Service Card: l tn gi c bit ca Line Card, khc vi LAN/WAN Line Card, Service Card
cung cp Dch V cho mng nh: Firewall (Firewall Service Mod ule FWSM), Wireless
(Wireless Service Module WiSM), IDS/IPS (Intrusion Detection System Services Module
IDSM-2), Server Loadbalancing (Application Control Engine Module ACE), VPN (SSL
Service Module).
Example: Cisco Catalyst 6500 Series WLSM
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/coll...eet-en_4-1.jpg

Power Supply: cung cp ngun cho ton b Switch, thng thng 1 Chassis s h tr t 2
n 3 Power Supply thit lp d phng trong trng hp 1 Power Supply h hng hoc 1
Power Grid gp s c. Thng thng thc tn Power Supply s c kt ni vo UPS
(Uninterrupt Power Supply) nhm cung cp ngun tm thi cho Switch khi ngun in chnh
gp s c.
Example: Cisco Catalyst 6500 Series Chassis
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/coll...11_19_04-1.jpg
Fans Tray: lm mt ton b Switch, thng thng 1 Chassis s c 1 hoc vi Fans Tray vi
nhiu Fans lm mt, cung cp kh nng d phng trong trng hp 1 Fans h hng.
Example: WS-C6509-E-FAN Catalyst 6500 Fan tray
http://www.router-switch.com/product...2838322450.jpg
V performance ca Switch: performance (hiu nn na l mnh m) ca Switch ph
thuc vo cc ch s sau:
Switching Capacity: Switching capacity hoc Switching Fabric (i vi Fixed Switch) ,
Centralized Switching Capacity, Distributed Switching Capacity, Per-Slot Switching Capacity
(i vi Modular Switch 4500, 65 00) => n v tnh ca cc thng s ny l Gigabit per
second (Gbps). Thng s ny c hiu l kh nng chuyn mch NI TI ca Switch .
d hiu, c th so snh v von vi 1 chic xe hi th thng s ny tng ng vi cng
sut my ca t (v d Camry 2.4L c cng sut my (xi lanh) l 2.4 lt).
Forwarding Rate / Through: Forwarding rate (c dng vi Fixed Switch). IPv4
Throughput v IPv6 Throughput (c dng vi Modular Switch) => n v tnh ca cc
thng s ny l Mega packet per second (M pps). Thng s ny c hiu l kh nng
chuyn mch THC S i vi tng loi packet ra/vo cc cng kt ni trn Switch. d
hiu, c th so snh v von vi 1 chic xe hi th thng s ny tng ng vi tc cn
trc ca xe, tc quay cng cao th xe chy cng nhanh. V tc cn trc xe li ph
thuc vo cng sut my ca chic xe, thung thng, cng sut my cng ln th s h tr
tc quay ca cn trc xe cng cao, dn n chic xe chy cng nhanh.
Hardware Forwarding: l kh nng chuyn mch (switching) gi tin vi tc rt cao, do
c phn cng chuyn dng thc hin, tc thng ln n hng vi chc, vi trm
Gigabit per second (Gbps) thm ch l vi Tetra bit per second (Tbps). Ni tm li ci g
c h tr trc tip t phn cng th s rt nhanh. V d: trn Switch 3560, tt c tnh
nng Routing/QoS/ACL u c h tr t phn cng (Hardware Forwarding), do tc
chuyn mch rt cao vi chc Gbps. Tuy nhin c vi tnh nng khng c h tr t phn
cng, vi tc chuyn m ch ch vi chc n vi trm Mbps (v d: Policy -Based Routing),
do nu cu hnh cc tnh nng ny, cn phi cn trng Switch khng b qu ti CPU
cho cc mc ch khc (chy nh tuyn, Spanning-tree, arp, )
Software Forwarding: ngc li vi Hardware Forwarding, y l chuyn mch gi tin
da hon ton vo CPU trung tm ca Switch/Router forward gi tin, y l tnh nng
thng thng trn nhng thit b khng h tr Hardware Forwarding, mt v d trn
Router 2800, packets c chuyn mch nh vo phn cng chuyn dng gi l CEF, do
packet c forward vi tc rt nhanh (vi trm Mbps), tuy nhin trong 1 vi trng hp
yu cu mun xem debug xem gi tin c x l ra sao, lc ny c th tm thi tt tnh
nng CEF (no ip cef t global configure mode, hoc no ip route-cache cef t Interface
configure mode).
V cc feature:
Virtual Switching System (VSS): l cng ngh gip o ha, gip 2 Switch 6500 khi c
cu hnh VSS s hot ng nh 1 Switch o (Unified control plane) v c thr oughput bng
tng throughput ca 2 Switch, Switch c kt ni vi nhau qua cng kt ni 10Gbps VSL

(Virtual Switch Link).T uy nhin tnh nng ny ch c h tr trn nhng Supervisor nht
nh sau: Sup720-10G-3C, Sup720-10G-3C-XL, Sup2T-10G, Sup2T-10G-XL. Vi tnh nng
ny Kt ni t Distribution Switch hoc Access Switch ln 2 Switch 6500 cu hnh VSS c
th c cu hnh Ether Channel v Cisco gi l Multichassis Ether Channel (MEC). Gip
tng bng thng kt ni t Access/Ditribution ln 6500 -VSS Switch (vi thit k c, ch c 1
Uplink c active do Uplink cn li b block bi Spanning:
VSS Conceptual Diagram
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/i/200001-...000/227020.jpg
MECPhysical vs. Logical Topology
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/i/200001-...000/226936.jpg
Stack-Wise Plus (StackWise+): l cng ngh cho php lien kt 9 Switch Catalyst 3750 -X
hoc 3750-E li vi nhau v hot ng nh 1 Switch o thng qua lien kt c bit gi l
Stack-Ring, dng cng ngh c quyn ca Cisco c tc ln n 64Gbps (full -duplex),
cng ngh StackWise+ cho php packet trong Stack-Ring di chuyn theo 2 hng (thun v
ngc chiu kim ng h) ng thi, gip tng hiu qu forward packet trong stack-ring.
Trong nhm Stack, s c 1 Switch ng vai tr l Master Switch, y l Switch chu trch
nhim control t Layer 2 (hardware) n Layer 3 (hardware) ca Stack, gn ging nh chc
nng ca SuperVisor trong kin trc Modular Switch, cc Switch cn li trong Stack gi l
Member Switch, mt iu quan trng l nu Master Switch b h hng v l do no , ton
b switch trong Stack s t ng reboot bu chn Master Switch mi, Stack khng b nh
hng nu 1 Member Switch b h hng. Cng ging vi cng ngh VSS, Catalyst 3750
Stack h tr MEC. Ch c h tr trn dng Switch Catalyst 3750 -X, 3750-E.
Stack-Wise: l phin bn u tin, ging vi Stack -Wise+, tuy nhin c mt vi hn ch
sau so vi Stack -Wise+: tc Stack -Ring l 32Gbps (full-duplex), ch cho php packet
trong Stack-Ring di chuyn theo 1 hng nht nh. Ch c h tr trn dng Switch
Catalyst 3750 series.
Flex-Stack: l cng ngh cho php lin kt 4 Switch Catalyst 2960S li vi nhau v hot
ng nh 1 Switch o thng qua lin kt c bit gi l Stack -Ring, dng cng ngh c
quyn ca Cisco c tc ln n 20Gbps (full -duplex). Trong stack s c 1 Switch ng vai
tr l Master Switch, y l Switch chu trch nhim control t Layer 2 (hardware) n
Layer 3 (software) ca Stack, gn ging nh chc nng ca SuperVisor trong kin trc
Modular Switch, cc Switch cn li trong Stack gi l Member Swi tch, mt iu quan trng
l nu Master Switch b h hng v l do no , ton b switch trong Stack s t ng
reboot bu chn Master Switch mi, Stack khng b nh hng nu 1 Member Switch b
h hng. Cng ging vi cng ngh Stack -Wise+ trn 3750X, Catalyst 2960S Flex-Stack h
tr MEC. Ch c h tr trn dng Switch Catalyst 2960S series.
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