eduard mane (1832-1883)

mane

ramdenime

wliT

ufrosi

iyo

danarCen

axalgazrda

mxatvrebze,

Sesabamisad, misi Semoqmedebac ramdenime wliT adre iwyeba _ 1850-iani wlebis

miwuruls. is gansakuTrebiT afasebda eJen delakruas, romelSic mas izidavda weris
Tavisufali manera da aSkara kolorizmi. misi Semoqmedebis pirveli nawili, bevr
rameSi axlo mdgomi impresionizmTan, jer kidev ar iyo impresionizmi. jar ar aris
pleneri da miTumetes suraTis plenerze damTavreba (pleneri _ bunebaSi muSaoba).
is mxatvrebic ki vinc plenerze muSaobdnen impresionistebamde, suraTs maic
saxelosnoSi amTavrebdnen, Sesabamisad, maTSi mainc naklebia haeri da feris
sisufTave, yovel SemTvevaSi mTel sasuraTo sibrtyeze sufTa feriT muSaobas ver
vnaxavT. samagierod, Zalian maRal donezea Tavisufali ferwera, funjis Tavisufali
moZraoba, gamovlenili monasmi. SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom mane gansakuTrebiT
afasebda velaskesisa da goias ferweras da misi Semoqmedebis dasawyisSi didi
adgili uWiravs espanur Tematikas: "lola valensiidan",

"gitaristi",
1

"espanuri baleti" da sxv.

mis

adrindel

namuSevrebSi

gansakuTrebuli

adgili

uWiravs

1863

wels

Sesrulebul 2 ferwerul tilos: "olimpia" da "sauzme mwvaneSi". "olimpia" erT-erTi

saukeTeso niua ferweris istoriaSi da misi Caweneba Tamamad SeiZleba udidesi
fermwerebis: ticianis, rubensis, velaskesis, goias mier Seqmnili qalis SiSveli sxeulis
amsaxveli Sedevrebis rigSi. igi gansakuTrebiT gamoirCeva ufaqizesi tonalurqromatuli SexamebebiT _ naTeli SiSveli sxeuli Tbili tonis gveCveneba baliSisa da
zewrebis movercxlisfro siTeTris fonze da piriqiT, ufro civi mxlebeli qalisa da raRac
2

safenis kremisferTan Tu spilosZvlisferTan SedarebiT. gamas acocxlebs zangi qalis

xelSi Taigulis wiTel-mwvane laqebi, xolo mTlianad es wina plani mkafiod ikiTxeba
muqi yavisferi da mwvane meore planis fonze.

miuxedavad am brwyinvale ferweruli Tvisebebisa, nawarmoebma skandali

gamoiwvia sazogadoebaSi. ferwerul Rirsebebs mayurebeli naklebad aRiqvamda,
samagierod, isini aRSfodnen imiT, rom olimpias saxiT konkretuli qali ikiTxeboda
(manes naturSica viqtorina miorani).

sazogadoeba

kidev

ufro

aRaSfoTa

misma

meore

tilom.

masze gamosaxuli iyo bunebaSi gasuli ori Cacmuli mxatvari mamakaci da maTTan
ori qali _ erTi naxvrad SiSveli, meore ki mTlianad. motivi aRebuli iyo ticianis "soflis
koncertidan"

(maSin

jrjonesi

egonaT),

xolo

kompoziciuri

wyoba

rafaelisgan.

mayurebeli aRaSfoTa SiSveli qalebis gamosaxvam savsebiT konkretul nakvTebSi

mocemul mamakacebTan. es nawarmoebi yvelam amoralur scenad aRiqva (suraTs
hqonda ramdenime nakli, magram sul sxva planSi _ mas erTgvarad aklda
haerovneba da figurebi cotaTi "gamoWrilebs" hgavdnen).
manes ferwera kidev ufro Tavisufali da daxvewili xdeba Semdgom wlebSi.
mag. "naturmorti TevziT",

"sazRvao brZola".

gansakuTrebiT gamoirCeva misi "fleitisti" saocrad cocxlad, Tavisuflad da zustad

dawerili (1866 w.).

es nawarmoebebi aRafrTovanebdnen axalgazrda, damwyeb mxatvrebs, romlebsac

male impresionistebi ewodaT. momaval impresionistebs gansakuTrebiT izidavdaT
misi weris zusti da Tanac Tavisufali manera. swored is manera, romlis gamoc
"obivateli"

mayurebeli

ver

aRiqvamda

verc

impresionistul

da

suraTebs

da

daumTavrebeli Txupnas xedavda maTSi. 70-iani wlebidan mane ukve Tavad ganicdis
impresionistebis gavlenas. kerZod, Cndeba pleneri, Sesabamisad, meti haeri da Suqi
kompoziciis, e.w. kadris principi, rodesac suraTi TiTqos SemTxveviT fiqsirdeba
formatSi (rogorc kinoSi). mSvenieri peizaJi, Sig Cawerili ramdenime figuriT,
"sanapiroze",

"arJantei",
6

"navi" _ rodesac navi ori figuriT TiTqos "Semosrialdeba" kadrSi,

"klod mone misi coliT mcurav studiaze",

"mamida lotulTan" da sxv. mane gamorCeuli impresionistTa jgufSi Tavisi Zalian

cocxali Tavisuflad dawerili da amasTan xasiaTSi zusti portretebiT: "antonin prustis
portreti",

"roSforis portreti", "stefan malarmes portreti".

aRsaniSnavia, rom impresionistul periodSic mane xSirad xamrobda Savs, magram

ara rogorc moculoba-formis an sivrcis mamodelirebel Senarevs, ara rogorc koloritis
"gamaWuWyianebel" saRebavs, aramed rogorc sagnobriv fers. mag. "qali Savi
SliapiT" pastelSi da sxv.

misi ukanaskneli namuSevaria bari foli-berJerSi _ gamosaxulia axalgazrda qali

barsukan mdgomi SuaSi, xolo mis ukan sarkeSi airekleba kaci, romelic mas
mimarTavs Tu elaparakeba da baris mTeli feradovani da Suq-haerovani simdidre. am
mravalferovnebis fonze qali sevdianad da martosulad gamoiyureba. es fsiqologiuri
momenti axalia impresionizmSi. aRsaniSnavia, rom manem daamkvidra weris axali
manera, e.w. "alaprima", rac metad Seeferoboda impresionistul mxatvrul meTods. es
niSnavs erT seansSi Sesrulebas (da ara mravaldRian an mravalkvirian seansebs,
rogorc

manamde

iyo

miRebuli).

aq

manem

da

saerTod

impresionistebma

gadawyvites erT-erTi dilema, romlis winaSec idga axali mxatvroba _ swrafi

Sesruleba, rogorc wesi, mTavrdeboda kargi "etiudiT" da ara dasrulebuli suraTiT.
suraTis gulmodine gamoZerwva ki "klavda", "aSrobda" suraTs, ukargavda mas enis
metyvelebas. am problemis gadasaWrelad mane mimarTavda Semdeg xerxs:
xatavda iqamde, sanam suraTi axali iyo, mere aRar agrZelebda imave tiloze
muSaobas da iwyebda igive naturas Tavidan, sanam ar miaRwevda gansxvavebuli
niSnebis: uSualo Tavisufali werisa da mxatvruli dasrulebulobis organul erTianobas.