OsmosisLabReport12/02/15

Introduction
Accordingfromwhatwelearninclass,welearnabouthowwater
osmosisinsideandoutsidethecell.Therearethreekindsofosmosis
hypotonic,isotonic,andhypertonic.Hypotonicisastatewhenwater
osmosisintothecellandmakethecellswellduetothehigher
concentretioninside.Isotonicisastatewhenconcentrationinsideand
outsideofthecellisinequillibrium.Last,hypertonicisastatewhenwater
osmosisoutofthecellduetothehigherconcentrationoutsidethecell.

Purpose
Thepurposeofthisprojectformakingmoreunderstandaboutosmosisso
weusethepotatoestomakeusseetheprocessclearer.

Hypothesis
Water:Ifweputthepotatointothewater,thewaterwillosmosistopotato
sopotatowillbigger.
Saltsolution:Ifweputthepotatointhealtsolution.Potatowillshrink
becausewaterosmosisoutthepotato.

MaterialList
2Potatos
Beakers
Saltwater
Distilledwater
Tongs
Weightmeasurement
Ruler
Pen

Marker
Calculator
Labcoat

Procedure
Thiswillbea2daylab!
Day1:
1.Collectmaterialsforyourgroup
2.Useyourrulertofindtheheight,length,andwidthofeachgummybear
3.Calculatethevolumeofyourpotato(LxWxH)
4.Usetheelectronicbalancetofindthemassofyourpotato.Remember
tolaydownapieceofweighingpaperandsettozero.
5.Recorddescriptiveobservationsinyournotebookaboutthepotatos
priortotheexperiment.
6.Fillyourbeakerhalfwaywithdistilledwater.Putoneofyourgummy
bearsintothebeaker.Setthebeakerasideforoneday.
7.Fillyour2ndbeakerwithconcentratedsaltsolutionhalfway.Putyour
2ndpotatosintothatbeaker.Setbeakerasideforoneday.
Day2:
1.Collectgroupsbeakerswithgummybears.
2.Carefullyremovethegummybearsfromthebeakers.
3.Repeatsteps25fromDay1
4.Calculatethepercentchangeinthesizeofeachgummybear.
Percentchangeinheight(HeightafterHeightbefore/Height
beforex100%=?)
Percentchangeinwidth
PercentchangeinlengthPercentchangeinvolume
Percentchangeinmass

DataTables

Potato1

Potato2

Before After Before After

Mass
in(g)

2.1g

3.54g

3.08g

2.72g

Potato1

Potato2

Descriptiveobservationbefore
soakingindistilledwater:
Rectangularprismyellow
potato(hardtouch)

Descriptiveobservationbefore
soakingindistilledwater:
Looklikerectangularhas1
curvesidepotato.(hardtouch)

Descriptiveobservationafter
soakingindistilledwater:
Stillrectangularprismbutit
hasasmoothyellow(hard
touch)

Descriptiveobservationafter
soakingindistilledwater:
Looksmalleranddarker,soft
touchandlooklikerodpotato.

Potato Potato Potato

1
2

%changein
height

5.89%

6.06%

%changein
width

30%

11.11%

%changein
length

20%

8.3%

%changein
volume

65.18%

23.46%

%changein
mass

31.11%

11.69%

Potat
o
Dimension

Potato1
Initial:
Before
soaking

Potato2

Final:
After
Before
soaking
in
distilled
water

Initial:
Before
soaking

Final:
After
soaking
insalt
water

Length(cm) 1.7cm

1.8cm

1.65cm

1.55cm

Width(cm)

1cm

1.3cm

0.9cm

0.8cm

Height(cm)

1cm

1.2cm

1.2cm

1.1cm

Volume(cm) 1.7cm^3 2.08cm^3 1.782

cm^3

1.364
cm^3

BargraphofResults

AnalyzingResults

1.Whathappenedtothepotatoafterbeingsoakedindistilledwater
overnight?Why?Bedescriptiveanddetailedinyouranswer.Use
yourknowledgeofmembranetransport.
Ans:Thepotatoafterbeingsoakedindistilledwaterisbiggerthan
theoriginalonebecauseofosmosisofwater(hypotonic)butitstill
hasarectangularshape.Thecolorlookslikeasmoothyellowand
alsostillhardtouch.

2.Whathappenedtothepotatoafterbeingsoakedinsaltwater
overnight?Why?Bedescriptiveanddetailedinyouranswer.Use
yourknowledgeofmembranetransport.
Ans:Thepotatoafterbeingsoakedinsaltwaterissmallerthanthe
originalonebecauseofosmosisofwater(hypertonic)butitstillhas
thesameshape.Thecolorisdarkerandalsohassofttouch.

3.Definethetermsdiffusion,passivetransport,activetransport,
andosmosis.Ineachofyourdefinitions,describetheroleofa
concentrationgradient.
Ans:PassiveTransportiswhenitmovesfromhightolow
concentration.Diffusionisthewaythattraveldownthe
concentreationgradientbynotusinganyhelper.But,osmosisisa
movementofwateracrossthemembrane.Incontrast,active
transportiswhenitmovesfromlowtohighconcentration.

4.Biologicalmembranesaresaidtobeselectivelypermeable(or
semipermeable).Whatdoesthistermmean,andhowdoesthis
affectthewaythatmoleculesareabletomovethroughcellular
membranes?
Ans:Selectivelypermeableistoallowsomesubstancestomove
throughthemembranebydiffusion.Itneedtoselectthespecific

moleculetomoveinandoutbyformingavesiclewithtinyprotein.

5.Whichtypeofmoleculeismorelikelytoquicklypassthrougha
cellularmembraneviasimplediffusion,polarornonpolar?Why?
Ans:Smallnonpolarmoleculeismorequicklypassingthroughthe
membranebecausetheirshapeissmallandeasilytopassthanthebig
one.

Conclusion

Accordingtowhatwelearnintheclassaboutpassivetransportand
osmosisofwater.Wecandescribewhatweseetheresultsoflaboratory.
Wecuttwopiecesofpotatoandputintothedistilledwaterandsalt
solution.Wehavepredicttheresultinthehypothesisthatpotatointhe
distilledwatergetbigger,butpotatointhesaltsolutiongetsmaller.The
resultisconformtothehypothesis.Accordingtothebargraph,wecan
seehowdifferentofmassandvolumebetweentwopotatoes.Distilled
waterpotatohaveincreasedbothmassandvolumehighly.Ontheother
hand,saltsolutionpotatodecreasedalittleamountofbothmassand
volume.Thereasonwhydistilledwatergetsbiggerbecausethewater
osmosisintothepotato,duetoinsidethepotatohavehigher
concentrationthanoutside.Thewaterosmosisin,andmakepotatogets
bigger.However,saltsolutionpotatogetssmallerbecausethesalt
solutionhavehigherconcentrationthaninsidethepotato,soitosmosis
outandmakethepotatogetssmallerorshrink.

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