CCNP

PHN LP LU LNG-CLASSIFICATION
No comments:

Mt packet c th c phn lp da trn ACL, DSCP, CoS, IP Precedence, hay gi tr MPLS EXP,VLAN ID. C
ngha phn lp c th c thc hin trn c lp 2 v lp 3.
lp 2 mo u frame c 2-Byte trng Tag s dng 3 bit u cho Class of Service.
lp 3 s dng IP Precedence hoc DSCP, IP Precedence c gi tr t 0-7, DSCP c gi tr t 0-63. MPLS-EXP c
gi tr t 0-7.

M t IP Precedence,DSCP v CoS

IP Precedence s dng 3 bit u trong trng TOS ca gi tin IPv4, vi 3 bit IP Precedence c th nh ngha ti 8
lp dch v. Trng IP Precedence bng 0 c ngha l gi tin s c truyn khng c cam kt (Best Effort) , 7 gi
tr cn li phn chia thnh 7 lp dch v c mc u tin tng dn. Trong IOS Cisco trng IP Precedence c s
dng xc nh lu lng x l cho Distributed WRED, WFQ, CAR.
DSCP (Differentiated Service Code Point): S dng 6 bit u trong ToS , c th to ln n 64 class hai bit cui
Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) dung thng bo khi nghn mng xy ra.

CCNP

QOS C BN
No comments:

I.V sao cn phi c QoS trong mng hi t

1.

Nh ta bit trc y cc dch v thoi, video, data chy trn cc h thng ring l. Thoi

chy trn

PSTN, data chy trn cc ng WAN chy cng ngh truyn dn, frame relay, hoc ethernet nhng ch
dnh cho truyn d liu, video th chy trn h thng ring ca truyn hnh. Nhng ngy nay khi dch v
broadband ra i (xDSL, FTTH, GPON,3-5G,WiMAX) th trn mt ng truyn ngi ta chy ng thi
cc dch v HSI ( High Speed Internet), IPTV, VOD (Video on Demand), VOIP. Lc ny nu khng c QoS
tc l vn tun theo m hnh Best Effort gi tin no ti trc x l trc th s dn n vn VOIP v
IPTV, VOD s khng m bo cht lng dch v v cc dch v yu cu cc thng s QoS khc nhau,
sau y l cc thng s nh gi QoS ca cc dch v khc nhau.
2.

Cht lng dch v ph thuc 4 yu t (thng s) sau:

+ Bandwidth Capacity (Dung lng bng thng): Khi cng nhiu dch v chy trn mt ng truyn th
cng tn bng thng. Bng thng ti a l bng thng ca lnk yu nht trn ng truyn.
+ End-to-end Delay ( both fix and variable): Thi gian tr hai u l khon thi gian cho gi tin i t u
ny n u kia. N bng tng ca tt c Propagation, processing, v queueing delay trn ng truyn.
+ Variation of delay ( jitter): l lch tr end-to-end ca hai gi tin.
+ Packet Loss: t l mt gi tin. Khi output queueing b y th gi tin tip theo vo s b drop gy ra mt gi,
hoc do cc nguyn nhn sau nhng t hn output queueing drop v hng i ng vo y, ignore router
ran out buffer space, nghn CPU khng th n nh vng buffer trng cho gi tin mi, li frame khi thy
CRC hardware s drop gi tin.

3.

V mt l thuyt QoS tt th cn phi hiu nguyn nhn gy ra nghn bng thng, delay cao, jitter ln, v
mt gi nhiu v cch ci thin chng.
+ Cch ci thin bng thng l: thu ng truyn dung lng ln hn y l cch n gin nht nhng
tn km nht, forward gi tin quan trng trc, nn payload ca frame lp 2, nn IP packet header, cch
nn s lm tng thi gian x l gi tin do m tng delay.
+ Cch gim delay: tng dung lng ng truyn, tng mc u tin cc gi tin nhy cm (voice),
compress payload v header compress.
+ Trnh drop gi tin bng: Tng dung lng bng thng, tng buffer space, d on nghn v drop gi tin
trc khi nghn xy ra, traffic shaping, traffic policing.

4.

Thng s QoS cho cc dch v:

+ Voice: Latency<=150ms, Jitter<=30ms, Loss<=1%,17-106kps/per-call, 105bps/control-voice-traffic.
+ Video Conferencing: Latency<=150ms, Jitter<=30ms, Loss<=1%, Video-strem+20% for bandwith
guarantee.
+ Data: Chia vo 4 class: Miss-critical-App, Transactional, Best-Effort, Less-Than-Best-Effort.

5.

Tip theo s ni r hn cch gii quyn cc vn trn bng cc m hnh v module m Cisco cung cp.

II. Cc m hnh QoS v module IOS Cisco h tr cu hnh.

Quality of Service c 3 model sau:

1.

Best-Effort Service: L m hnh n dch v.Mng s truyn d liu m n c th khng c s m bo v

tin cy, gii hn tr, hay throughput. IOS Cisco thc hin bng FIFO queueing

2.

Integrated Service: L m hnh a dch v. Trong m hnh ny ng dng gi tn hiu yu cu mt dch

v c bit trc khi gi d liu (ging nh bo hiu trong thoi). IOS Cisco thc hin chc nng QoS
bng RSVP v Intelligent queueing machanisms (Guaranteed rate Service, Controlled Load Service).

3.

Differentiated Service: L m hnh a dch v lm tha mng cc dch v vi QoS khc nhau. N khng
ging Integrated Service ch n khng gi tn hiu yu cu dch v ring bit trc khi gi d liu.
Network s dng QoS phn lp (classify), nh du (mark), shape, v policy traffic v intelligent
queueing. Cisco IOS h tr cc chc nng sau Committed Access Rate v Intelligent Queueing Scheme.

Cc chc nng QoS c trong IOS Cisco lit k sau y:

- Classiffication

- Congestion Management
- Congestion Avoidence
- Policing and Shaping
- Signalling
- Link Efficiency Mechanisms
- QoS Solution
- Module QoS Commmand line Interface
- Security Device Management

Classiffication: Chc nng phn lp d liu cung cp kh nng phn lu lng mng vo cc mc u tin
khc nhau v cc lp dch khc nhau, cc gi tin c th c phn lp da trn cc mc u tin (priority)
do nh qun tr mng ch nh. Phn lp c th da trn port vt l, a ch ngun v ch IP hoc Mac, port
ca ng dng, loi giao thc IP, s dng access list v extended access list.
Congesion Management: Chc nng qun l nghn iu khin nghn khi n xut hin. l cc thut
ton hng i (queueing) c la chon ph hp trong tng trng hp nghn c th khc nhau.
Congestion Avoidence: K thuy trnh nghn gim st lu lng mng v d on trc khi nghn xy
ra. Cc k thuy ny c thit k u i cho cc lp d liu c mc u tin cao ng thi ti a ha
thng lng mng v cng sut v gim thiu ti a mt gi v tr. WRED v DWRED v cc chc nng
trnh nghn trong IOS Cisco.
Policing and Shaping: Chc nng u tin ca IOS Cisco thc hin qua gii hn tc ca CAR v chc
nng Traffic Policing. nh dng lu lng thc hin qua Generic Traffic Shaping (GTS), Distributed Traffic
Shaping (DTS), v giao thc FRTS.
Signalling: Bo hiu QoS cung cp cch thc m cc u cui v cc node mng bo hiu cho neighbor
ca n yu cu bt tay mt vi traffic c bit. Bo hiu ca Cisco IOS da vo cc chc nng nng cao
ca gi IP, In-Band da vo Ip-Precedence v 802.1p, Out-of-Band da vo RSVP, c hai loi ny c th
s dng kt hp vi nhau m bo QoS.
Link Efficiency Mechanisms: Lc lin kt kt hp cc queueing v Traffic Shaping tng hiu qu
v d on. Bao gm Link Fragmentation and Interliving, Compressed Real-Time Prorocol, Distributed
Compressed Real-Time Protocol.

Qos Solution: a ra cc gii php QoS cho cc m hnh c th nh IP to ATM CoS, QoS Features for
Voice, Differentiated Service Implementation.
Module QoS Commmand line Interface : Cu trc Commmand Line cho php cu hnh traffic policy v n
nh policy vo interface.
Security Device Management : Cung cp cng c cu hnh da trn Graphic User inteface