Lubricants Handbook

Outside covers-Canadian 7/25/05 2:17 PM Page 1
Petro-Canada
Lubricants Handbook - 2005
Petro-Canada Lubricants
2310 Lakeshore Road West
Mississauga, Ontario
Canada L5J 1K2
Canada - West ........................

East - English .........................
French ....................................
Other Areas ............................
E-mail .....................................
Phone 1-800-661-1199
Phone 1-800-268-5850
Phone 1-800-576-1686
Phone (416) 730-2408
lubescsr@petro-canada.ca
Petro-Canada America Lubricants Inc.

980 North Michigan Avenue
Suite 1400, #1431
Chicago, Il 60611 USA
PRINTED IN CANADA
Visit Petro-Canada on the Internet: www.petro-canada.com
LUB 1007E
Phone ....................................... +44 (0) 2476-247294

Fax ........................................... +44 (0) 2476-247295
PRINTED ON RECYCLED PAPER
Petro-Canada Europe Lubricants B.V.

The Manor
Haseley Business Centre
Warwick, Warwickshire
CV35 7LS United Kingdom
(Rev. 05.04)
Phone ...................................... 1-888-284-4572

Fax .......................................... (708) 246-8994
E-mail ...................................... email@petro-canadaamerica.com
*Marque de commerce de Petro-Canada - Trademark.
Beyond todays standards.
Inside covers-Canadian 7/25/05 2:17 PM Page 1
PREFACE
VISCOSITY EQUIVALENTS
PREFACE
Our products. Our company. Beyond todays standards.
Some companies meet standards. We raise them.
About This Handbook

This Handbook outlines Petro-Canadas many lubricants, specialty fluids and
grease products along with applications, quality and performance features. It
is intended to be used as a reference guide by our valued Customers,
Associates, Distributors, Sales and Technical Service Representatives. All
information is current at the time of printing, however, specification writers
and Petro-Canada are continually upgrading and improving products to meet
the ever-changing demands of the marketplace. These contents are therefore
subject to change. Special applications and equipment manufacturers recommendations should be discussed with your Petro-Canada Representative or
Petro-Canada Distributor.
Petro-Canada products are available in a wide range of package sizes
and are stocked at many strategic locations around the world either by
Petro-Canada or its many global distributors. Current product offerings are
also available on our website: www.petro-canada.com.
Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
April, 2005
SAE
ENGINE
OILS
SAE
GEAR
OILS
10,000
5000
1000
800
600
500
1000
8A
680
3000
140
460
320
60
220
50
150
40
100
68
2000
400
300
200
100
80
60
1000
85W
500
30
400
80W
300
20
50
40
46
30
32
20
90
200
1
0
22
15W
75W
10W
5W&0W
KINEMATIC VISCOSITY, SAYBOLT UNIVERSAL SECONDS

(SUS) @ 100F
Petro-Canada uses the patented HT purity process to produce 99.9% pure,

crystal-clear base oils the purest in the world. By removing the impurities
that hinder the performance of competitive conventional lubricants, we
ensure our products retain their fresh oil properties longer. Then we blend in
specialty additives for even longer fluid life, greater equipment protection, and
smoother performance. All of which delivers lubricant solutions beyond todays
standards to provide our customers with not only superior performance, but
superior savings.
AGMA
GRADE
1500
KINEMATIC VISCOSITY, CENTISTOKES (cSt) @ 40C
Petro-Canada is a world-class producer of more than 350 advanced lubricants,

specialty fluids and greases. Weve established an enviable reputation for
helping customers increase productivity and cut operating costs. We excel at
producing high quality lubricants for the world.
2000
ISO
VG
100
15
60
10
10
NOTE:
Read across horizontally.
Assumes 100 Vl single grade oils.
Equivalence is in terms of viscosity at 40C only.
Viscosity limits are approximate: For precise data, consult ISO, AGMA and
SAE specifications.
W grades are represented only in terms of approximate 40C viscosity.
For low temperature limits, consult SAE specifications.
Handbook Canadian 7/25/05 2:24 PM Page ii
PETRO-CANADA QUALITY AND ENVIRONMENT STATEMENT

At Petro-Canada, we take quality very seriously. We are in constant, relentless
pursuit of quality excellence in our processes, our products and our people.
Petro-Canada was the first lubricants manufacturer in North America to be ISO
9001 registered. We were the first lubricants manufacturer in Canada to
become QS9000 certified. In keeping with our committment to meet the latest
quality standards and practice, we are now ISO 14001 registered. We also
meet some of the worlds most demanding specifications including Ford Q-1
and DAB X. We produce food grade lubricants that are NSF H-1 approved also
Kosher approved.
In October of 2002, Petro-Canada Lubricants opened the door to the global
market by being the first Lubricants manufacturer in the world to be registered
to ISO/TS 16949. This new global standard is designed for third party suppliers
to the automotive industry. It replaces QS9000 registration and confirms our
ability to continually improve our quality system. In addition, we have also
upgraded to the 2000 version of ISO:9001, which emphasizes customer satisfaction and a process approach to quality
We are guided in our day-to-day business activities by the following Management System Vision:
To achieve recognition as a first quartile supplier of choice for quality lubricants,
specialty fluids, greases and related services.
Petro-Canada Lubricants will:
Demonstrate our commitment by maintaining our ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and
ISO/TS 16949 registrations.
Ensure our operations comply with customer requirements, specific performance standards, government legislation, corporate policy and applicable
industry standards.
Prevent pollution by determining, evaluating and mitigating the environmental
impacts of our business during the start-up, normal operation and shutdown
of our facilities, as well as during project planning and implementation
through to decommissioning
Ensure all employees and others working on our behalf are informed trained
and authorized to meet our quality and environmental performance requirements.
Continually improve our products through design, manufacturing, delivery
and service processes. This will be achieved through ongoing improvement
of the effectiveness of our Quality and Environmental Management Systems
utilizing Total Loss Management philosophies.
Establish quality and environmental objectives and targets and periodically
review performance through the Management Review Process.
ii
Handbook Canadian 7/25/05 2:24 PM Page iii
THE PETRO-CANADA LUBRICANTS GUARANTEE
Our
No-nonsense
Lubricants
Warranty.
We will repair damaged equipment, or replace

damaged equipment parts resulting from a failure
due to defects of the Petro-Canada lubricant, as long
as the lubricant is used in accordance with your
equipment manufacturers and our
recommendations
Its more than just a warranty.

Its a commitment.
LUB 1181 (97.06)
iii
Handbook Canadian 7/25/05 2:24 PM Page A
1. Product, Product Application

and Subject Indices
DIRECTORY
2. HT Purity
Process
3. Automotive
Lubricants
4. Industrial
Lubricants
5. Greases
6. Food Grade
Lubricants
7. Process Fluids
8. Fuels & Refinery Products
9. Glossary of Terms and

Handy Conversion Charts
Handbook Canadian 7/25/05 2:24 PM Page B
CONTENTS
CONTENTS
PART 1
Product, Product Application, Index of Former Product Names
and Subject Indices Product Index
Product Application Index
Subject Index
PART 2
HT Purity Base Oil Manufacture
Process Base Oil Classification
Solvent Refining Process
HT Purity Process
Comparison of the Products of
HT Purity Process and Solvent
Refining
Quality Assurance
PART 3
Automotive Engine Oil Functions
Lubricants Additives
SAE Engine Oil Viscosity Classification
API Engine Service Classification
Other Diesel Engine Oil Specifications
API Energy Conserving Classification
API Service Classification Symbol
ILSAC Certification Symbol
Used Oil Analysis
Petro-Canada Automotive Lubricants
PART 4
Industrial Viscosity Classification of Industrial Oils
Lubricants Advantages of ISO Viscosity Grades
AGMA Numbers
Viscosity Comparisons
Lubricants Handling and Storage
Petro-Canada Industrial Lubricants
Petro-Canada Metalworking Oils
PART 5
Greases Introduction
Grease Characteristics
Grease Definitions
Grease Service Classification
Grease Compatibility
Grease Properties
Grease Shelf Life
Applying Grease
Petro-Canada Greases
Handbook Canadian 7/25/05 2:24 PM Page C
CONTENTS
PART 6
Food Grade Petro-Canada Food Grade Lubricants
Lubricants
PART 7
Process Fluids Petro-Canada Process Fluids
PART 8
Fuels & Refinery Products Petro-Canada Fuels & Refinery Products
PART 9
Glossary of Terms and Glossary of Terms
Handy Conversion Charts Viscosity Guide
and Tables Viscosity / Temperature Chart
Viscosity Conversion Chart
ASTM Blending Chart
API Gravities and Densities
Colour Scale Equivalents
Table of Lubricant Vapour Pressures
Temperature Conversion Table
Common Conversion Factors
Cylindrical Tank Quantities
vi
Handbook Canadian 7/25/05 2:24 PM Page D
vii
Handbook Canadian 7/25/05 2:24 PM Page 1
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
This Lubricants Handbook is intended to be a concise, comprehensive
reference guide for our valued Customers, Associates, Distributors, Sales
and Technical Service Representatives. It is intended to provide readers with
a broad knowledge of the extensive range of lubricant, specialty fluid and
grease products that are available from Petro-Canada and its many global
distributors. Reference is also made to Petro-Canadas fuel, asphalt, and
refinery products.
This Handbook is divided into nine (9) sections:
The Indexes Product Application Index, Product Name Index and
the Subject Index
The Patented HT Purity Process (Base Oils)
Automotive Lubricants
Industrial Lubricants
Greases
Food Grade Lubricants
Process Oils
Fuels and Refinery Products
Glossary of Terms, Conversion Charts and Tables
Each Product Group is comprised of subsections that begin with a general
description of the product and its applications. This includes the certifications
and approvals granted by various specification writing bodies and technical
organizations. This is followed by the Typical Characteristics for each of the
various grades of the product.
More comprehensive data for each product can be sourced from our detailed
TechData series that are available from your Petro-Canada Representative or
one of our many global Distributors. TechDatas are also available on our
website, www.petro-canada.com.
INDEX OF PRODUCT NAMES
INDEX OF PRODUCT NAMES:

FORMER VERSUS REPLACEMENTS
FORMER
REPLACEMENTS
YEAR OF
CHANGE
HYDRAULIC OILS
Harmony/Premium AW 22, 32, Hydrex* AW 22, 32, 46, 68, 80, 100
2001
46, 68, 80, 100

Harmony/Premium Arctic 15
Hydrex* MV Arctic 15
2001
Harmony/Premium HVI 22,
Hydrex* MV 22, 36, 60
2001
Harmony/Premium Plus
Hydrex* XV All Season
2001
Hydraflo EAW 32, 46, 68
Environ* AW 32, 46, 68
2001
Hydraflo ECO 32/Premium
Environ* MV 32, 46
2001
Hydraflo FR-C 40
Hydrex* FR-C 40
2001
Hydraflo FR-D 46
Hydrex* FR-D 46
2001
36, 60
ECO 46
Hydraflo AW 22, 46 D
Hydrex* DT 22, 46
2001
Hydraulic Oil AW 220
Hydrex* AW 220
2001
Accuflo DM 68, 220
Accuflo TK 68, 220
2001
GM Waylube 68
PC Waylube 68
2001
WAY LUBRICANTS
AUTOMOTIVE GEAR OILS

Syngear E 75W-90, 80W-140, TRAXON E Synthetic 75W-90, 80W-140,
CD-50
Syngear with TOS 75W-90
Gearlube with TOS 75W-90,
80W-140
Gearlube with TOS 80W-90,
2003
CD-50
TRAXON Synthetic 75W-90
2003
TRAXON XL Synthetic Blend 75W-90,
2003
80W-140
TRAXON 80W-90, 85W-140
2003
SEPRO 150, 220, EP220
2002
SEPRO XL 150, 220, 290
2002
85W-140
PAPER MACHINE OILS

Paper Machine Oil 150, 220,
EP220
Ashless Paper Machine Oil
150, 220, 290
INDEX OF PRODUCT NAMES
FORMER
REPLACEMENTS
YEAR OF
CHANGE
COMPRESSOR FLUIDS
Compressor Oil 32, 68,
100, 150
RCF-1000
Super Compressor Fluid
32, 46, 68, 100, 150
COMPRO* 32, 68, 100, 150
2004
COMPRO* XL-R
2004
COMPRO* XL-S 32, 46, 68, 100, 150
2004
PURITY* FG Heat Transfer Fluid
2004
HEAT TRANSFER FLUIDS

CALFLO* FG
NATURAL GAS ENGINE OILS

Sentinel 541C, 445, MG-40,
470, 840, CG-40
SENTRON* 541C, 445, MG-40, 470,

840, CG-40
2003
AJT 6000/Turbonycoil 600
2004
Turbine Fluids
AJT 5200
TRANSMISSION/DRIVE TRAIN OIL

Supertest TO-4 Synthetic AS
Supertest TO-4 MG Lo Temp
PRODURO TO-4+ Synthetic All Season
2003
PRODURO TO-4+ XL Synthetic Blend
2003
Lo Temp
Supertest TO-4 10W, 30, 50
PRODURO TO-4+ 10W, 30, 50
2003
COMMERCIAL (HEAVY DUTY DIESEL ENGINE) OILS

Super Plus 10W, 20W-20, 30,
Duron* 10W, 20, 30, 40, 50
2000
40, 50
Super Plus, 10W-30, 15W-40
Duron* 10W-30, 15W-40
2000
Super Plus Arctic 0W-30
Duron* XL Synthetic Blend 0W-30
2000
Super Plus 10W-40
2000
Euro Canadian Gold 15W-40
2000
PASSENGER CAR MOTOR OILS

Power Plus 5W-30
Arctic 0W-30
Petro-Canada Synthetic Blend 5W-30

Synthetic Blend 0W-30
2002
2002
TRANSMISSION/HYDRAULIC FLUID
Duratran All Season
Duratran XL Synthetic Blend
2002
PRODUCT INDEX
PRODUCT INDEX
Page
ACCUFLO TK & SS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
AJT 6000/Turbonycoil 600 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Alternative Fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Alucut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Aludraw 850 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
API Modified Thread Compound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ardee Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ardee EP 000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asphalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ATF DEXRON-III/MERCON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ATF Type F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Aviation Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Barimol Heavy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bentone RM 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BIO 40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
93,94
95
173
127
127
154
95
143
174
66
67
172
152
153
96
CALFLO AF, HTF, LT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cam Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chain Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chrysler ATF+3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Compressor Cleaner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
COMPRO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
COMPRO XL-S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
COMPRO XL-R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
COMPRO Synthetic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Compressor Oil RP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Con-Rel-Eze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cutsol, Cutsol HD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cycloflex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
97
146
98
68
103
99
100
101
101
102
103
128
168
DEXRON-III/MERCON Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
67
Diesel Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
172
Dieseltonic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
57
Drill Rod Heavy Grease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
152
Duratac. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
103
Duratran, Duratran XLSynthetic Blend, Duratran Synthetic . . . . . . . . . . .
78,79
DURON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,55,56
DURON Marine Diesel Engine Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55
DURON Multigrade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
54,56
DURON XL Synthetic Blend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
53,56
DURON Synthetic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
52,56
Dust Suppressant Fluid DSF 65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
169
Endurance 8000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Energol CLO-50M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Energol DL-MP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Energol DS3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Energol IC-HFX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Energol OE-HT 30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ENVIRON* AW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ENVIRON* MV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
104
65
63
64
63
64
104
105
Furnace Fuel/Fuel Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
172
PRODUCT INDEX
Page
Gasoline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gear Dressing EP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gear Shield NC, P . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Grease OG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
171
147
147
142
Heavy Duty Synthetic Blend ATF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

HYDREX* AW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HYDREX* MV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HYDREX* XV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HYDREX* DT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HYDREX* Extreme-Wide Temperature Hydraulic Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HYDREX* FR-C 40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HYDREX* FR-D 46 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
68
106
107
108
109
109
110
110
Kerosene I-K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
173
LUBTAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Luminol Electrical Insulating Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
110
111
Marine Diesel Fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Multiflex Moly Grease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Multipurpose Grease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
175
135
134
NGS 1000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Non-Drip Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
111
112
Outboard Motor Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
84
Paraflex HT Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
167
PC Waylube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
94
Peerless LLG Grease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
141
Petro-Canada Cleaning Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
112
Petro-Canada Flushing Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
112
Petro-Canada Maximum Motor Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
50
Petro-Canada Synthetic Blend Motor Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
48
Petro-Canada Supreme Motor Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
49
Petro-Canada Synthetic Motor Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
47
Petrochemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
173
Petroglide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
113
Petroglide MC 32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
113
Petroglide XP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
114
Petrosol 3139 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
173
PETRO-THERM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
114
Precision Grease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137,138
Precision Gold Grease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
140
Precision Gold Moly Grease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
140
Precision Moly Greases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
138
Premium R&O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
115
PRODURO FD-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
82
PRODURO TO-4+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
80,81
PRODURO TO-4+ XL Synthetic Blend. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
80
PRODURO TO-4+ Synthetic All Season . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
80
PureDrill* Drilling Mud Base Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
168
PRODUCT INDEX
Page
PURITY FG AW Hydraulic Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
162
PURITY FG Chain Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
155
PURITY FG Compressor Lubricant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
156
PURITY FG Food Machinery Grease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149,157
PURITY FG Synthetic Food Machinery Grease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150,158
PURITY FG EP Gear Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
159
PURITY FG Synthetic EP Gear Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
160
PURITY FG Heat Transfer Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
161
PURITY FG MF Aerosol Lubricant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
163
PURITY FG Trolley Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
164
PURITY FG WO White Oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
165
Quench Oil 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
128
Ralube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rail Curve Grease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
REFLO A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rotary Cooker Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
62
144
116
117
Semi-Fluid Grease EP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
148
Senate Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
117
Sentron* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,59,60,61
SEPRO* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
119
SEPRO* XL Paper Machine Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
119
Slide Cam Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
146
Snowmobile Motor Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
83
Specialty Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
173
SPX 5000, SPX 7000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
118
Steel Mill Grease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
135
Supercut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
126
Super Gear Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
120
Super Turboflo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
121
Super Vac Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
122
Supreme Grease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138,139
Supreme Moly Grease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138,139
SVG 102 Grease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
143
Synduro SHB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
122
Synthetic Blend ATF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
67
Thermex Grease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tool-Joint Compound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transicut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TRAXON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TRAXON* E Synthetic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Two-Cycle Motor Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Type F Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
153
154
126
73-76
77
83
67
Ultima EP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ultima Plus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ultima Synthetic EP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
123
123
124
VHVI Specialty Base Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vulcan Lubricants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
170
145
PRODUCT INDEX
#2 White Calcium Food Machinery Grease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151,165

XCG-Flex Grease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
XHD 15W-40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
144
57
PRODUCT APPLICATION INDEX

APPLICATION
Air Compressor Oil
Air-Line Oil
Allison C-4 Fluid
Ammonia Refrigeration
Compressor Oil
Automatic Transmission Fluid
Automatic Grease Lubrication

System
Automotive Gear Oil
Automotive/Wheel Bearing Grease
Ball Mill Lubricant

Bandsaw Oil
Barium Grease
Base Oil
Bearing Lubricant
PETRO-CANADA
LUBRICANT
Page
No.
COMPRO
COMPRO XL-R
COMPRO XL-S
COMPRO Synthetic
Ardee Oil
HYDREX *AW
ATF, DEXRON-III/MERCON
DURATRAN
DURATRAN XL Synthetic Blend
DURATRAN Synthetic
DURON, DURON XL
Synthetic Blend ATF
PRODURO TO-4+ 76
99
101
100
101
95
106
66
78,79
78,79
78,79
51-56
67
80,81
REFLO 46A, 68A

116
66
ATF, Type F
67
Chrysler ATF+3
68
Heavy Duty Synthetic Blend ATF
68
Synthetic Blend ATF
67
Precision EP00
137,138
Precision Gold, Gold Moly
137,138
Semi-Fluid Grease EP
148
Multiflex Moly Special
135
Grease OG-0
142
Multipurpose Lo-temp EP
134
Multiflex Moly Lo-temp EP
135
Multipurpose EP00
134
Vulcan Synthetic All-Season,
Synthetic Arctic
145
PRODURO FD-1
82
TRAXON*
73-76
TRAXON* E Synthetic
77
Precision EP1, EP2
137,138
Precision Gold Heavy EP00
140
Precision Gold
140
Multipurpose EP1, EP2
134
Grease OG1, OG2
142
Supreme EP1, EP2 (off highway only) 138,139
Gearshield NC, P
147
Petroglide MC 32
113
Barimol Heavy
152
Drill Rod Heavy Grease
152
Paraflex HT
167
Cycloflex
168
Grease OGs
142
Peerless LLG Grease
141
Premium R&O
115
Precision Greases
137,138
Multiflex Moly Greases
135
Multipurpose Greases
134
APPLICATION
Biodegradable Oil
Chain Saw Oil
Chassis/King Pin/5th Wheel Grease
Circulating Oil
Commercial Motor Oil
Compressor Fluid
Concrete Form Oil
Conveyor Chain Oil
Coupling Greases
Cutting Oil
Diamond Drill Lubricant

Diesel Engine Oil
Drilling Compound
Drilling Mud Fluid

Dripless Lubricant
Dust Suppressant Fluid

Electric Motor Bearing Greases
PETRO-CANADA
LUBRICANT
Super Turboflo
Supreme Greases
Synduro SHB*
BIO 40
Environ* MV32
Chain Oil
Barimol Heavy
Supreme G123, 124
Precision Moly EP1, EP2
SEPRO* XL
SEPRO*
Endurance 8000
Hydrex* AW
Premium R&O
Super Turboflo
DURON
DURON XL Synthetic Blend
Dieseltonic
XHD Motor Oil
Endurance 8000
Con-Rel-Eze
Chain Oil
Lubtac
PURITY FG Chain Fluid
XCG-Flex
Precision EP2
Supreme EP2
Alucut
Cutsol, Cutsol HD
Supercut
Transicut
DURON,
DURON Synthetic
Dieseltonic
XHD Motor Oil
Energol
Ralube
API Modified Thread Compound
Tool Joint Compound
PureDrill* IA-35
PureDrill* HT-40
Non-Drip Oil
Lubtac
Chain Oil Summer
DSF 65
Precision EMB
Page
No.
121
138,139
122
96
105
98
152
138,139
138
119
119
104
106
115
121
56
53,55,56
57
57
104
103
98
110
155
144
137,138
138,139
127
128
126
126
152,154
51,55,56
53,56
52,56
57
57
63,64,65
62
154
154
152
168
168
112
110
98
169
137
APPLICATION
Electrical Insulating Fluid
Engine Oil
Fire Resistant Hydraulic Fluid

Food Grade Greases
Food Grade Lubricant
Gas Engine Oil

Gas Turbine Oil
Gear Greases
Gear Oil
PETRO-CANADA
LUBRICANT
Page
No.
Luminol TR, Luminol TRi

111
Peerless LLG
141
Grease OG 2
142
Multipurpose Medium
134
DURON
51,55,56
53,56
DURON Synthetic
52,56
Dieseltonic
57
Petro-Canada Synthetic
47
Petro-Canada Maximum
50
Petro-Canada Supreme
49
Petro-Canada Synthetic Blend
48
XHD Motor Oil
57
Sentron
58-61
Ralube
62
Energol
63-65
Outboard
84
Snowmobile
83
Two Cycle
83
Hydrex* FR-C 40
110
Hydrex* FR-D 46
110
PURITY FG Food Machinery Grease 149,157
PURITY FG Synthetic Food
Machinery Grease
150,158
#2 White Calcium Food
Machinery Grease
151,165
PURITY FG AW Hydraulic Fluid
162
PURITY FG Chain Fluid
155
PURITY FG Compressor Lubricant
156
PURITY FG EP Gear Fluid
159
PURITY FG Heat Transfer Fluid
161
PURITY FG Synthetic Gear Fluid
160
PURITY FG Trolley Fluid
164
PURITY FG WO White Oils
165
Sentron
58-61
95
Endurance 8000
104
Premium R&O 32, 46, 68, 77
115
Super Turboflo
121
Gear Dressing EP
147
Gearshield NC, P
147
Vulcans
145
148
TRAXON*
73-76
159
Senate
117
Super Gear Fluid
120
Synduro SHB*
122
TRAXON* E Synthetic
77
Ultima EP
123
Ultima Plus
123
Ultima Synthetic EP
124
10
APPLICATION
General Purpose Lubricant
Heat Transfer Fluid
High Speed Coupling Grease
High Temperature Bearing Oil
High Temperature Greases
Hydraulic Oil
Hydraulic Fluid,
Fire Resistant
Hydrocarbon Compressor Oil
Industrial Bearing Grease
Industrial Gear Oil
Industrial Process Oil

Journal Bearing Oil
Leaky Bearing/Gear Case
Lubricant
Locomotive Diesel Engine Oil
Low Temperature Greases
Marine Diesel Engine Oil
PETRO-CANADA
LUBRICANT
Premium R&O
CALFLO
PETRO-THERM
XCG-Flex
Super Turboflo
Peerless LLG
Bentone RM2
Thermex
PURITY FG Synthetic Food
Machinery Grease
Hydrex* AW
Hydrex* Extreme-Wide
Hydrex* MV
Hydrex* XV
Hydrex* DT
Environ* AW, MV
PURITY FG AW Hydraulic Fluid
Hydrex* FR-C 40
Hydrex* FR-D 46
Compressor Oil RP
SPX 5000, SPX 7000
NGS 1000
Precision EP1, EP2
Grease OG-1, OG-2
Ultima EP
Ultima Plus
Ultima Synthetic EP
Super Gear Fluid
Synduro SHB*
PURITY FG Synthetic Gear Fluid
Paraflex HT
Cycloflex
Duratac
Hydrex* AW
Premium R&O
PURITY FG 00 Grease
Vulcan EGF-1000
Ralube
Multipurpose Lo Temp, EP 00
Multiflex Moly Lo Temp
Supreme Lo Temp
Supreme Artic
Precision Gold
Precision Gold Moly
Energol
DURONMarine
11
Page
No.
115
97
114
161
144
121
141
153
153
150,158
106
104
107
108
109
104,105
162
110
110
102
118
111
137,138
134
142
123
123
124
120
122
159
160
167
168
103
106
115
148
149,157
145
62
134
135
135
138,139
138,139
140
140
63-65
65
APPLICATION
Marine Grease
Medium-Speed Diesel Engine Oil
Mineral Oil
Mining Specialty Lubricants
Motor Oil
Multi-Service Greases
Natural Gas Engine Oil

Neat Cutting Oil
Non-Melting Greases
Open Gear Lubricants
Outboard Engine Oil
Paper Machine Lubricants
Penetrating Oil
Premium Greases
Quenching Oil
PETRO-CANADA
LUBRICANT
Page
No.
Grease OGs
142
Ralube
62
Paraflex HT
167
Cycloflex
168
Ardee EP 000
143
148
Vulcans
145
Cam Compounds
146
Slide Cam Compounds
146
Multiflex Moly
135
Supreme Moly
138,139
DURON
51,55,56
53,56
DURON Synthetic
52,56
Dieseltonic
57
48
50
49
47
Ralube
62
XHD Motor Oil
57
Outboard
84
Snowmobile
83
Two Cycle
83
134
Precision EP1, EP2
137,138
Grease OG1, 2
142
Precision Gold
140
Supreme EP1, EP2
138,139
Sentron
58-61
Alucut
127
Supercut
126
Transicut
126
Bentone RM2
153
Thermex
153
Gear Dressing EP
147
Gearshield NC, P
147
Vulcans
145
Outboard Motor Oil
84
SEPRO* XL
119
Grease OG 2
142
SEPRO*
119
Precision Gold Heavy
140
Precision EP2
137,138
Supreme EP2
138,139
Con-Rel-Eze 40, 60
103
Precision, Precision Gold
137,138,140
Precision Moly, Gold Moly
138,140
Supreme
138,139
Grease OG
142
Peerless LLG
141
Quench Oil 15
128
12
APPLICATION
Reciprocating Compressor Oil
Refrigeration Oil
Rock Drill Lubricants
Rolling Cam Lubricant
Rotary Cooker Oil
Rust Prevention Oil
Saw Guide Oil

Service Station Oil
Single Point Lubrication Greases
Slide Cam Lubricant

Snowmobile Engine Oil
Soluble Cutting Oil
Special Application Greases
Stationary Jet Turbine Fluid

Steam Cylinder Oil
Steam Turbine Oil
Steel Mill Grease
Synthetic Grease
Synthetic Oil/Fluid
PETRO-CANADA
LUBRICANT
Page
No.
COMPRO XL-R
101
REFLO
116
Ardee Oil
95
Ardee EP 000 Grease
143
Cam Compounds
146
Rotary Cooker Fluid
117
Chain Oil Summer
98
Con-Rel-Eze
103
Non-Drip Oil
112
Petroglide
113
48
50
49
47
Precision EP2
137,138
Precision Gold
140
Multiflex Moly EP2
135
Slide Cam Compounds
146
Snowmobile Motor Oil
83
Cutsol, Cutsol HD
128
Grease OGs
142
Peerless LLG
141
Precision Gold Heavy, Gold Heavy EP00 140
SVG 102
143
XCG-Flex
144
Ardee EP 000
143
135
Supreme Moly EP0, EP1
138,139
95
Senate
117
Super Turboflo
121
Premium R&O 32, 46, 68, 77
115
Steel Mill EPM, LC
135
All Precision Golds
140
Thermex
153
95
Compressor Cleaner
103
15W-40, 10W-40, 0W-30
53,56
DURON Synthetic
52,56
Endurance 8000
104
Hydrex* FR-D 46, FR-C 40
110
NGS 1000
111
Synthetic Blend ATF
67
48
47
SPX 5000, SPX 7000
118
Synduro SHB*
122
13
APPLICATION
Tractor Transmission
Hydraulic Fluid
Transformer Oil
Transmission Fluid
Two Cycle Engine Oil
Vacuum Pump Oil

Valve Grease
Walking Cam Lubricants
Water Resistant/Tolerant Greases
Way Lubricant
White Mineral Process Fluid
Wide Temperature Range
Hydraulic Oil
Wire Drawing Oil
Worm Gear Oil
PETRO-CANADA
LUBRICANT
Page
No.
Super Gear Fluid

120
TRAXON*
73-76
TRAXON* E Synthetic
77
Duratran
78,79
Duratran XL Synthetic Blend
78,79
Duratran Synthetic
78,79
Luminol TR, Luminol TRi
111
66
ATF, Type F
67
Chrysler ATF+3
68
Duratran
78,79
Duratran Duratran XL Synthetic Blend 78,79
Duratran Synthetic
78,79
DURON
51,55,56
52,56
DURON Synthetic
54
Synthetic Blend ATF
67
PRODURO TO-4+
80,81
TRAXON* E Synthetic CD-50
77
Outboard Motor Oil
84
83
Two Cycle Motor Oil
83
Super Vac Fluid
122
SVG 102 Grease
143
Slide Cam Compounds, Cam
Compounds
146
Grease OG-0, OG-1, OG-2,
OG-2 (PC Red)
142
Precision EP1, EP2
137,138
Supreme EP1, EP2
138,139
134
Peerless LLG
141
ACCUFLO TK, SS, Waylube 68
93,94
PURITY FG WO
165
Hydrex* MV
107
Hydrex* XV
108
Environ MV
105
Aludraw 850
127
Senate
117
Synduro SHB*
122
14
SUBJECT INDEX
SUBJECT INDEX
Page
Page
Biodegradable Hydraulic Oil
Blending Chart
Brookfield Viscosity
Boundary Lubrication
Additives
Engine Oils
33
AGMA Numbers
87
Air Compressor Oils
99-101
Allison C-4 Fluids
51-56,66,78-81
Ammonia Compressor Oil
116
Antiwear Agents
33
API Gravity/
Density Table
192
API Service Classifications
Engine Oils
36
Gear Oils
70
Applying Grease
133
Ash Content
177
ASTM Blending Chart
193
Automatic Transmission
Fluids
66-68
Automotive Lubricants
Additives
33
API Service
Classifications
36,71
API Symbol
44
Automatic Transmission
Fluids
66-68
Energy Conserving
Classification
43-44
Engine Oils
47-65
Gear Oils
69-70
Greases
129-153
SAE Viscosity
Classifications
35
Two-Cycle Oils
83
Ball Mill Lubricant
Bandsaw Oil
Barium Grease
Base Oils
Base Oils, specialty
Carbon Residue
178
CFR 21 172.878
165
CFR 21 178.3570
165
CFR 21 178.3620(a)
165
Channelling
179
Charts and Conversion
Tables
185-201
Circulating Oils
106,115,119,121
Colour Scale
ASTM
193
Union
193
N.P.A. Descriptions
193
Table of Equivalents
194-201
Common Terms
177-184
Comparison
HT Purity Process
vs. Solvent Refining
23,24
Compounded Oil
179
Compatibility of Greases
132
Compressor Cleaner
103
Compressor Oils
Air
99-101
Ammonia
116
Hydrocarbon
102,111,118
Natural Gas
98
Rotary Screw 99-104,118,156
Reciprocating
99-101
Complex Grease
129,132
Concrete Form Oil
103
Consistency of Grease
130
Conveyor Chain Oil
98,110,155
Corrosion Inhibitors
33
Coupling Grease
144
Cummins 20071
43
Cummins 20072
43
Cummins 20076
43
Cutting Oils
125-128
Cylindrical Tanks
Quantity and Depth
201
147
113
152
167,168
167,168
Base Oil Classification

Base Oil Manufacture
Bearing Lubrication
Benefits of HT Purity Process
Base Oils
Finished Lubricants
96
190
178
178
19
19
131
23
24
15
SUBJECT INDEX
Page
Detergents
Detroit Diesel Engine
Oil Requirements
Demulsibility
Diesel Engine Oils
High-Speed
Locomotive
Low-Speed
Marine
Medium-Speed
Two-Cycle
Dispersants
Drilling Compounds
Drilling Mud Fluids
Dripless Lubricants
Dropping Point
Page
Foam Depressants
Food Grade Greases
34
149-151,157,
158,165
Food Grade Lubricants
155-156,
159-161,164-165
Four Ball Tests
180
Friction Modifiers
34
Fuel & Refinery Products
171-174
33,171
42
23,179
64
62
64-65
65
62,63
57
33
152,154
168
Gas Engine Oils

58-61
Gas Turbine Oils
95,115,121
Gear Lubricants
147
Gear Oils
AGMA Classification
87
API Service Classification
71
Automotive
69
Enclosed
117,121
Industrial
117,121
Mack GO-J
72
Mack GO-J Plus
72
Open
147
SAE Viscosity Classification 70
Synthetic
74,76,77,124,160
General Purpose Lubricant
115
Glossary of Terms
177
Grease
Application
133
Automotive Service
Classification
131
Characteristics
130
Compatibility
132
Composition
129
Definitions
130
Properties
132
Shelf Life
133
Handy Conversion Charts
and Tables
185-201
Heat Transfer Fluid
97,114,161
Heavy Duty Engine Oils
51
High Temperature Grease
141,150,
153,158
Hydraulic Fluids
Fire Resistant
110
Hydraulic Oils
104-109,162
Hydrocracking
181
98,110,112
179
169
Electric-Motor
Bearing Grease
137
Engine Oils
Additives
33
API Energy Conserving
43
API Service Classification
36
API Symbol
44
Commercial
53,55,56
Functions
27
Heavy-Duty
51
ILSAC Classification
44
Locomotive
62
Marine
63
Multigrade
36,47-50,54
Natural Gas
58-61
Passenger Car
47-50
SAE Viscosity Classification 35
Service Station
47
Single Grade
36
Used Oil Analysis
45
Engler Viscosity
184
Extreme Pressure Agents
180
Flash Point
Finished Lubricants
Benefits of HT
Purity Process
Fire Resistant Hydraulic Fluids
180
24
110
16
SUBJECT INDEX
Page
Hydrodynamic Lubrication
HT Severe Hydrocracking
Process
Hydroisomerization
Hydrotreating
Page
Non-Melting Greases
181
Oil Classification Systems

Open Gear Lubricants
Optimum Viscosities
Outboard Motor Oil
Oxidation
Oxidation Inhibitors
Oxidation Resistance
21,22
22
181
Industrial Greases
134-142
Industrial Lubricants
85-128
Industrial Process Fluids
167,168
Introduction
1
ILSAC Certification Symbol
44
ISO 9001
25
ISO 14001
25
ISO Viscosity Classification
86
John Deere, J20C, J20D Tests
35
145,147
185
84
183
33,183
24
Paper Machine Oil

119
Pareve
149,150,155,157,158,161
Passenger Car Motor Oils
47-50
Penetration Oil
103
Penetration Number
130
Quality Statement
(ii)
Guarantee
(iii)
Petro-Canadas Patented HT
Purity Process
19
Pour Point
82
Pour Point Depressants
34
Premium Gear Lubricant
120
Premium Greases
137
Premium Steam Turbine Oil
121
Process Fluids
167-170
Product Application Index
8-14
Product Shelf Life
Lubricating Oils
91,92
Grease
133
79
Kinematic Viscosity
86,89
Kosher 149,150,155-159, 161-165
Leaky Gear Case Lubricant
145,
148,149,157
Limited Slip Differentials
72
Locomotive Diesel Engine Oil
62
Lubricants Handling/Storage 90-92
Lubricant Vapour Pressure
Table
193
LubriTest Oil Analysis
45
Machine Tool Lubricant
93
Mack EO-M
42
Mack EO-M Plus
42
Mack GO-J
72
Mack GO-J Plus
72
Marine Diesel Engine Lubricants 63-65
Marine Grease
142
Maximum Viscosities
185
Medium-Speed Diesel
Engine Oil
62
Metalworking Oils
124-127
Mineral Oil
167,168
Minimum Viscosities
185
NLGI Automotive Grease
Service Categories
NLGI Grease Grades
Natural Gas Engine Oils
Neat Cutting Oils
Neutralization Number
153
QS-9000
Quality Assurance
Quick-Mix Chart
25
25
84
Reciprocating Compressor Oil 101

Redwood Viscosity
184
Refrigeration Lubricant
116
Regular Greases
134
Rock Drill Lubricant
95,143
Rotary Cooker Oil
117
Rust Prevention Oil
98,103,112
Rust Inhibitors
33,183
SAE Viscosity Classification
35
Chain Saw Oil
98
Saw Guide Oil
113
Saybolt Viscosity
184
131
130
58
125-127
181
17
SUBJECT INDEX
Page
Page
Quick-Mix Chart
Service Station Oils

Solvent Refining Process
Soluble Cutting Oils
47-50
83
20
127
135,
138-144
Specialty Base Fluids
167
Stationary Jet Turbine Fluid
95
Steam Cylinder Oil
117
Steam Turbine Fluid
121,151
Synthetic Grease
140,153
Synthetic Fluids
47,48,52,53,56,
95,103,104,110,118,111,118
U.S.P. Mineral Oil

Used Oil Analysis
84
165
45,46
Vacuum Pump Oil

122
Valve Grease
143
Viscosity
184
AGMA System
87
Comparison
88
Equivalents
89
Engler
184
Industrial Oil Classification 86
ISO System
86
Kinematic
86,89
Redwood
184
SAE System
35,70,89
Saybolt
86,89
Stability
24
Viscosity Index
19,22,23,184
Viscosity Index Improvers
34
Temperature Conversion
Tables
194,195
Thermal Stability
24
Timken OK Load
184
Tractor Transmission
Hydraulic Fluid
78,79
Transformer Oil
111
Transmission/Drive-Train Oil
80
Transmission Fluids
66
Trolley Fluid
164
Two Component Blending
Chart
191
Two-Cycle Engine Oils
84
Way Lubricant
White Oil
Wide Temperature
Hydraulic Oil
Wire Drawing Oil
Worm Gear Oil
18
93
165
105,107,108
127
117,122
HT PURITY PROCESS
PETRO-CANADAS PATENTED HT PURITY PROCESS
BASE OIL MANUFACTURE

Lubricant base oils are produced in a series of steps which are designed to
enhance certain desirable properties. For paraffinic oils, these include viscosity
index, oxidation resistance, thermal stability and low temperature fluidity.
Starting from petroleum crude oil, the typical process for making a lubricant
base oil is as follows:
Separation of lighter boiling materials, such as gasoline, diesel, etc.
Distillation to give desired base oil viscosity grades
Selective removal of impurities, such as aromatics and polar compounds
Dewaxing to improve low temperature fluidity
Finishing to improve oxidation resistance and heat stability
Generally both Solvent Refined and Hydrocracked base oils are manufactured
this way, but differ in the processes used.
BASE OIL CLASSIFICATION

Before reviewing how base oil is manufactured, we should explain the
American Petroleum Institutes (API) Base Oil Classification system. For
engine oils, the API system classifies base oils into five major groups, as
shown below:
API
Group
I
II
III
IV
V
Base Oil Characteristics

Sulphur
Saturates
Viscosity Index
Wt, %
Wt, %
VI
> 0.03
< 90
80-119
< 0.03
> 90
80-119
< 0.03
> 90
120 +
Polyalpha Olefins (PAOs)
Other Base Oils
Manufacturing
Method
Solvent Refined
Hydroprocessed
Severely Hydroprocessed
Oligomerization
Various
Group I, or conventional base oils manufactured by Solvent Refining, make up

most of the base oil produced in the world today. Containing more than 0.03
wt % Sulphur and less than 90 wt % Saturates, they are less pure than
Hydroprocessed or Synthetic base oils. While these groups are only intended
to be used for engine oils, their usage has expanded beyond this area.
Group II and III base oils are manufactured by what the API calls Hydroprocessing or Severe Hydroprocessing. These are just other names for
Petro-Canadas Patented HT Purity Process. With Sulphur contents of less
than 0.03 wt % and Saturates contents of more than 90 wt %, they are more
pure than Group I base oils.
19
HT PURITY PROCESS
SOLVENT REFINING PROCESS
Initially, light oils such as gasoline, diesel, etc., are separated from crude
petroleum by atmospheric distillation. The resulting material is charged to a
vacuum distillation tower, where lubricant fractions of specific viscosity ranges
are taken off. These fractions are then treated individually in a solvent
extraction tower. A solvent such as furfural is mixed with them and extracts
about 70-85% of the aromatic material present. The solvent extracted lube
fraction is then dewaxed by chilling to a low temperature, which removes much
of the wax. This improves the low temperature fluidity of the product. Finally,
the dewaxed lube fractions are sometimes finished to improve their colour and
stability, depending on the application requirements. One common method of
finishing is mild hydrofinishing. This step should not be confused with
Petro-Canadas Patented HT Purity Process, as conditions of
temperature and pressure in hydrofinishing are mild and less effective. The
API classifies the products of Solvent Refining as Group I base oils.
Competitions' Solvent Refining/Extraction Process

Atmospheric / Vacuum
Distillation
Solvent
Extraction
Solvent
Dewaxing
Solvent
500ml
400ml
300ml
Lube Fractions
CRUDE OIL
200ml
100ml
Gas Oil
CONVENTIONAL
BASE OIL
(70-85% PURE)
20
HT PURITY PROCESS
PETRO-CANADAS HT SEVERE HYDROCRACKING PROCESS

In Petro-Canadas HT Severe Hydrocracking process, the elimination of
aromatics and polar compounds is achieved by reacting the feedstock with
hydrogen, in the presence of a catalyst at high temperatures and pressures.
Several different reactions occur in this process, the principal ones being:
Removal of polar compounds, containing sulphur, nitrogen and oxygen
Conversion of aromatic hydrocarbons to saturated cyclic hydrocarbons
Breaking up of heavy polycyclo-paraffins to lighter saturated hydrocarbons
These reactions take place at temperatures as high as 400C , pressures
around 3000 psi and in the presence of a catalyst. The hydrocarbon
molecules that are formed are very stable and this makes them ideal for use
as lubricant base oils. They are classified by the API as Group II base oils.
There are two stages in the Petro-Canada Severe Hydrocracking process.
The first one removes unwanted polar compounds and converts the aromatic
components to saturated hydrocarbons. After separation into desired viscosity
grades by vacuum distillation, batches of waxy lube base oil are chill dewaxed.
These are then passed through a second high pressure hydro-treater for
additional saturation. This final step maximizes base oil stability, by removing
the last traces of aromatic and polar molecules.
Petro-Canada Two-Stage Severe Hydrocracking Process

Distillation
Atmospheric
Distillation
Hydrogen
Dewaxing
Hydrogen
500ml
400ml
300ml
CRUDE OIL
200ml
100ml
Gas Oil
Hydrocracker
Vacuum
Distillation
21
Wax
High Pressure
HydroTreater
ULTRA PURE
HT BASE OIL
(99.9% PURE)
HT PURITY PROCESS
HT SEVERE HYDROCRACKING/
HYDROISOMERIZATION
In 1996, Petro-Canada completed a new base oil manufacturing unit to run in

parallel with its existing base oil plant. This new unit utilizes the HT Severe
Hydrocracking process, but replaces the chill dewaxing step with the more
modern and efficient wax conversion process .... HydroIsomerization.
The HydroIsomerization process employs a special catalyst to selectively
isomerize wax (n-paraffin mixture) to high VI, low pour point, iso-paraffinic
lube oil. The process yields base oils with higher VIs and improved yields,
compared to previous conventional dewaxing techniques. The process is
capable of giving 130 VI base fluids, in a single pass. More usually, it is set up
to produce high viscosity index (Group II) base oils with VIs ranging from 95 to
105 or unconventional (Group II+ and III) base fluids with VIs ranging from 115
to 130. A further process feature is the flexibility it offers to produce base oils
with ultra low pour points .... lower than - 25C.
Petro-Canada employs HydroIsomerization dewaxing in conjunction with HT
Severe Hydrocracking and as a result its base oils have the following attractive
features:
Very High Viscosity Index (100 to 130)

Low Volatility
Superior Oxidation Resistance
High Thermal Stability
Excellent Low Temperature Fluidity
Low Toxicity
These features give performance characteristics very similar to lubricants

based on poly-alpha-olefin (PAO), a type of synthetic.
Petro-Canada Two-Stage Severe Hydrocracking/HydroIsomerization Process

Distillation
Wax
Hydrogen
Atmospheric
Distillation
Hydrogen
Hydrogen
500ml
400ml
300ml
CRUDE OIL
200ml
100ml
Gas Oil
Hydrocracker HydroIsomerization
Wax Conversion
High Pressure
HydroTreater
22
Vacuum
Distillation
SYNTHETIC BASE FLUID

(99.9% PURE)
HT PURITY PROCESS
COMPARISON OF THE PRODUCTS OF PATENTED HT

PURITY PROCESS AND SOLVENT REFINING
BASE OILS
There are significant differences in certain characteristics between HT

Severely Hydrocracked and Solvent Refined base oils. The main reason for
the difference lies in the virtual elimination of aromatic molecules (less than
0.5%) in our HT Purity Process. HT Severely Hydrocracked base oils are
termed 99.5+% Pure. In comparison, the aromatics content of Solvent
Refined oils is somewhere between 10-30% so Solvent Refined base oils are
considerably less pure.
Characteristic
Significant Difference
COLOUR
HT Severely Hydrocracked base oils are clear

and colourless
VISCOSITY INDEX
HT Severely Hydrocracked base oils have higher

VIs so they thin-out less at high temperatures
than Solvent Refined oils.
OXIDATION RESISTANCE
HT Severely Hydrocracked base oils respond

very well to anti-oxidants and so have superior
resistance to oxidation and a longer lubricant life
in finished products.
THERMAL STABILITY
HT Severely Hydrocracked base oils have considerably better resistance to heat than Solvent
Refined oils.
CARBON RESIDUE
HT Severely Hydrocracked base oils produce

lower residues than Solvent Refined oils.
DEMULSIBILITY
HT Severely Hydrocracked oils separate

more readily from water than Solvent Refined oils
LOW TOXICITY
HT Severely Hydrocracked base oils have low

toxicity, due to a virtual absence of impurities.
Petro-Canada White Oils are pure enough to be
used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
BIODEGRADABILITY
HT Severely Hydrocracked base oils biodegrade

faster than Solvent Refined oils - 60% vs 30%,
as measured by the CEC-L33-A-93 test, when
comparing similar viscosity grades.
23
HT PURITY PROCESS
FINISHED LUBRICANTS
Finished lubricants blended from Petro-Canada HT Severely Hydrocracked

base oils are superior to lubricants blended from Solvent Refined base oils in
several areas. These include:
Viscosity Stability
Oxidation Resistance
Thermal Stability
Reduced Environmental Impact
VISCOSITY STABILITY
In service, Petro-Canada HT Severely Hydrocracked lubricants do not

thicken-up, i.e. increase in viscosity, as much as Solvent Refined lubricants.
This is especially valuable for automatic transmission fluids, where consistent
shift characteristics depend on viscosity stability. This feature also contributes
to greater fuel efficiency in motor oils and reduced power consumption from
industrial lubricants.
OXIDATION RESISTANCE
Finished lubricants based on Petro-Canada HT Severely Hydrotreated base

stocks show a superior resistance to oxidation compared to Solvent Refined
lubricants. This allows them to be used at higher temperatures or for longer
time periods than Solvent Refined lubricants. Petro-Canadas unique line of
products, such as COMPRO XL-S Compressor Fluid, Super Turboflo Fluid,
etc. are based upon this valuable property.
THERMAL STABILITY
Petro-Canada HT Severely Hydrocracked lubricants demonstrate excellent

thermal stability. This leads to reduced deposits and cleaner equipment internals, compared to Solvent Refined lubricants. Petro-Canada product lines that
exploit this feature include CALFLO Heat Transfer Fluid, COMPRO XL-S Compressor Fluid, Automatic Transmission Fluid, etc.
REDUCED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Petro-Canada HT Severely Hydrocracked base oils have very low toxicity and
biodegrade faster than Solvent Refined lubricants of comparable viscosity, due
to a virtual absence of impurities. When carefully formulated with selected
additives, these features are preserved in finished lubricants. Applications
where these features may be found include:- Petro-Canada PURITY FG Food
Grade Lubricants, Environ MV Hydraulic Oil, Paraflex HT Fluids, Sepro* XL,
etc.
24
HT PURITY PROCESS
QUALITY ASSURANCE SECOND TO NONE IN THE WORLD

ISO 9001 REGISTRATION
ISO 9001 is the global standard for documenting quality control throughout an entire
manufacturing and business process. It is administered by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), a Swiss based organization that sets rigid standards for a very wide range of products and services.
ISO 9001 is an international standard that adopts a process approach to quality
management and business. It promotes a focus on customer quality requirements,
enhancing customer satisfaction, and achieving continual improvement through the
use of setting measurable objectives and targets.
Petro-Canada Lubricants earned the distinction of being the first lubricants manufacturer in North America to be ISO 9001 registered. To be registered, the ISO 9001
process requires a thorough inspection of a companys production and control systems by an independent registrar. Stringent audits are conducted to ensure detailed
procedures are rigidly adhered to and all products are manufactured consistently in
accordance with established standards. Following registration, twice yearly audits
are conducted by the registrar to ensure ongoing compliance and improvement.
ISO/TS 16949 REGISTRATION
In March 1997, Petro-Canada became the first Canadian lubricant manufacturer to
receive QS9000 certification. Developed by Chrysler, Ford, General Motors, and the
North American truck manufacturers, the goal of QS9000 was the creation of fundamental quality systems to provide continuous improvement with an emphasis on
defect prevention and the reduction of variation and waste in the supply chain.
In October 2002, Petro-Canada Lubricants opened the door to the global market by
being the first lubricants manufacturer in the world to be registered to ISO/TS 16949.
This new global standard, which replaces QS9000, is designed for third party suppliers to the automotive companies. This strongly demonstrates Petro-Canadas ability
to continuously improve our quality system. ISO/TS 16949 was jointly developed by
ISO and the IATF (International Automobile Task Force) and contains all requirements of ISO 9001 and additional automotive requirements.
ISO 14001
ISO 14001 is an internationally recognized approach to Environmental Management.
It is a disciplined approach to identification, prioritization, and management of environmental impacts resulting from business operations, and as member of the ISO
family of International Standards, provides a consistent set of operating guidelines.
ISO 14001 differs fundamentally from ISO/TS 16949 and ISO 9001. While
these programs provide guidelines to address customer needs and expectations in terms of quality of product/service, ISO 14001 focuses on the protection of people and natural environment. It is more rigorous than the environmental elements prescribed in Petro-Canadas TLM Standard.
Petro-Canada Lubricants has chosen ISO 14001 as the foundation for its
Environmental Management System due to its wide recognition and global
acceptance. ISO 14001 principles are in line with Petro-Canadas internal
Total Loss Management philosophy.
25
26
AUTOMOTIVE LUBRICANTS
Automotive equipment is the largest user of lubricants and the steady
improvement of this equipment can only be maintained with the continued
close association with leading lubricant manufacturers, such as Petro-Canada.
Operators of automotive equipment have come to expect high quality and reliable performance from todays automotive lubricants.
Petro-Canada is committed to maintaining its leadership in automotive lubricant quality, by continued R&D effort to find new and improved products.
Researchers at our Lubricants Centre are continually working with test
engines and in the field with commercial equipment. Petro-Canada keeps in
close contact with all the car, truck, engine and other equipment manufacturers as well as with our customers. Our goal is to meet the ever changing
needs of the market.
ENGINE OIL FUNCTIONS

A modern engine oil has been carefully developed by engineers and chemists
to perform several important functions. The efficient operation of an engine
depends on the oil doing the following:
Permit easy starting
Lubricate engine parts and prevent wear
Reduce friction
Protect against rust and corrosion
Keep engine parts clean
Reduce combustion chamber deposits
Fight soot
Cool engine parts
Seal combustion pressures
Be non-foaming
Permit Easy Starting

The ease of starting an engine depends not only on the condition of the battery, ignition and fuel quality, but also on the flow properties of the motor oil. If
the oil is too viscous or heavy at starting temperatures, it will impose enough
drag on the moving parts that the engine cannot be cranked fast enough to
start promptly and keep running.
Since cold temperatures thicken all oils, an oil for winter use must be thin
enough to permit adequate cranking speeds at the lowest anticipated temperature. It must also be fluid enough to quickly flow to the bearings to prevent
wear. In addition, the oil must be thick enough, when the engine reaches normal operating temperatures, to provide adequate protection.
The characteristic of an oil which determines ease of cranking is its viscosity at
the cranking temperature. Viscosity is a measure of the oils resistance to flow.
This resistance, or fluid friction, keeps the oil from being squeezed out from
between engine surfaces when they are moving under load or pressure. Resistance to motion or flow is a function of the molecular structure of the oil. Since it
is this resistance that is responsible for most of the drag put on the starter during
cranking, it is important to use an oil with viscosity characteristics that ensure
satisfactory cranking, proper oil circulation, and high temperature protection.
27
The effect of temperature on viscosity varies widely with different types of oil.
For this reason, a standard has been developed for measuring the amount of
viscosity change with temperature change. This standard is called the Viscosity
Index (V.l.). An oil with a high viscosity index is one that shows less change in
viscosity over a wide range of temperatures. Today, through the use of new
refining methods and special chemical additives, there are many high viscosity
index engine oils that are light enough for easy cranking at low temperatures
and still be heavy enough to perform satisfactorily at high temperatures.
These oils with high viscosity indexes are known as multi-grade oils. Often
they are also called by names that imply all-season usage since they perform
satisfactorily in both winter and summer. Multi-grade, as well as single-grade,
oils are recommended by vehicle manufacturers.
Lubricate and Prevent Wear

Once an engine is started, the oil must circulate promptly and lubricate all
moving surfaces to prevent the metal-to-metal contact that would result in
wear, scoring, or seizure of engine parts. Oil films on bearings and cylinder
walls are sensitive to movement, pressure and oil supply. These films must be
continually replenished by adequate flow and proper oil distribution.
As mentioned earlier, the viscosity of an oil must be low enough at the starting
temperature to permit rapid cranking and starting, and high enough at peak
operating temperatures to ensure adequate engine protection.
Once the oil reaches the moving parts its function is to lubricate and prevent
wear of the moving surfaces. Lubrication engineers call this full-film, or hydrodynamic lubrication.
Full-film lubrication occurs when the moving surfaces are continuously separated by a film of oil. The determining factor in keeping these parts separated
is the viscosity of the oil at its operating temperature. The viscosity must
remain high enough to prevent metal-to-metal contact. Since the metals do
not make contact in full-film lubrication, wear is negligible unless the separated parts are scratched by particles thicker than the oil film itself. Crankshaft
bearings, as well as connecting rods, camshaft, and piston pins, normally
operate with full-film lubrication.
Under some conditions, it is impossible to maintain a continuous oil film
between moving parts and there is intermittent metal-to-metal contact
between the high spots on sliding surfaces. Lubrication engineers call this
boundary lubrication. Under these circumstances, the load is only partially
supported by the oil film. The oil film is ruptured resulting in significant metalto-metal contact. When this occurs, the friction generated between the surfaces can produce enough heat to cause one or both of the metals in contact
to melt and weld together. Unless counteracted by proper additive treatment,
the result is either immediate seizure or the tearing apart and roughening of
the surfaces.
Boundary lubrication conditions always exist during engine starting and often
during the operation of a new or rebuilt engine. Boundary lubrication is also
found around the top piston ring where oil supply is limited, temperatures are
high, and a reversal of piston motion occurs.
28
Reduce Friction
Under full-film lubrication conditions, a thick film of oil prevents metal-to-metal
contact between moving engine parts. Relative movement of these lubricated
parts requires enough force to overcome the fluid friction of the lubricant. The
viscosity of the oil should be high enough to maintain an unbroken film, but
should not be higher than necessary, since this increases the amount of force
required to overcome this fluid friction.
Car manufacturers specify proper oil viscosity ranges according to expected
atmospheric temperatures. This is to ensure that the lubricant will provide adequate, but not excessive, viscosity at normal operating conditions. When oil
becomes contaminated, its viscosity changes. With soot, dirt, oxidation, or
sludge, viscosity increases; with fuel dilution it decreases. Both directions of
viscosity change are potentially harmful to the engine. For this reason, contaminant levels in motor oil must be kept low. This can be best accomplished
by changing the oil and filter at proper intervals.
The amount and type of chemical additives become more important than viscosity to the effectiveness of a motor oil in reducing friction under the extreme
pressure conditions of boundary lubrication. The proper balance of the total
additive system in a modern motor oil is critical if all lubrication conditions of
an engine are to be satisfied. The oil formulator can achieve this balance of
motor oil compounding only through much research, with emphasis on prooftesting in actual engines, both in the laboratory and in field service.
Protect Against Rust and Corrosion

Under ideal conditions, fuel burns to form carbon dioxide and water. For a variety of reasons, a gasoline or diesel engine does not burn all the fuel completely.
Some of the partially burned gasoline or diesel fuel undergoes complex chemical changes during combustion and, under some conditions, forms soot or carbon. Some of this soot and partially burned fuel escapes through the exhaust in
the form of black smoke or foul smelling odors, particularly when the fuel-air
mixture is extremely rich or cylinder misfiring occurs. That part of soot and
unburned fuel which escapes past the rings and into the crankcase tends to
combine with water to form sludge and varnish deposits on critical engine parts.
Sludge buildup may clog oil passages which reduces oil flow. Varnish buildup
interferes with proper clearances, restricts oil circulation and causes vital engine
parts to stick and malfunction. The result is rapid failure of the parts.
Water is a problem. For each gallon of fuel burned in an engine, more than
one gallon of water is formed. Although most of this water is in vapor form and
goes out the exhaust, some condenses on the cylinder walls or escapes past
the piston rings and is trapped, at least temporarily, in the crankcase. This
occurs most frequently in cold weather before the engine has warmed up.
In addition to water and the byproducts from incomplete combustion of the fuel,
other corrosive combustion gases also get past the rings and are condensed
or dissolved in the crankcase oil. Add to this the acids formed by the normal
oxidation of oil and the potential for rust and corrosive engine deposits
becomes significant.
The life of engine parts depends in part on the ability of the motor oil to neutralize the effects of these corrosive substances. Thanks to much research, effective oil-soluble chemical compounds have been developed. These are added to
motor oil during manufacture to provide vital protection to engine parts.
29
Keep Engine Parts Clean

In formulating todays high quality motor oils, a basic objective is not only to
keep engine parts clean, but also to prevent sludge and varnish deposits from
interfering with proper engine operation.
Engine sludge formation is generally a problem of low engine temperature

operation. Engine sludge deposits are formed by combinations of water from
condensation, dirt and the products of oil deterioration and incomplete combustion. Sludge-forming materials are often so small initially that no oil filter
can remove them. They are much smaller than the thickness of the oil film on
engine parts and therefore cause no wear or damage so long as they remain
small and well-dispersed. However, as their levels increase in the oil during
use, they tend to join together to form larger masses and oil flow can be
restricted.
Sludge formation is aggravated by water vapor which condenses in the
crankcase in cold engine operation. The rate at which sludge-forming materials
accumulate in the crankcase oil is related to several factors of engine operation. Factors such as, rich air-fuel mixtures which occur during starting or
when a choke is sticking; operating with dirty air cleaners; or cases of ignition
misfiring, increase the rate of sludge accumulation in the oil.
Straight mineral oils have only a very limited ability to keep these contaminants from coagulating and forming masses of sludge within the engine. This
is the job of the detergent/dispersant additives that are blended into modern
motor oils. These additives keep vital engine parts clean and oil contaminants
suspended in such a fine form that they can be removed by regular oil and filter
changes.
Detergent/dispersants are also very effective in preventing varnish deposits
within an engine. Varnish-forming materials react chemically or combine with
oxygen in the crankcase to form complex chemical compounds. These compounds continue to react with each other and with oxygen and are baked by
engine heat into a hard coating on the hotter parts of the engine. The
hydraulic lifters, piston rings, and bearings are particularly sensitive to varnish
deposits. If varnish-forming materials are allowed to accumulate in these
areas, engine operation is impaired.
Engines cannot tolerate excessive amounts of sludge and varnish on sensitive
parts. Sludge deposits collect on oil pump screens, limiting the flow of oil to
vital engine parts and resulting in rapid and destructive wear. Piston rings
which are stuck or sluggish because of varnish accumulation prevent the
engine from developing full power. Sludged or plugged oil-control rings prevent removal of excess lubricant from the cylinder walls and result in excessive oil consumption.
Reduce Combustion Chamber Deposits

In performing its lubrication function, some oil must reach the area of the top
piston ring in order to lubricate the rings and the cylinder walls. This oil is then
exposed to the heat and flame of burning fuel and part of it actually burns off.
Modern refining techniques have produced oils that burn cleanly under these
conditions, leaving little or no carbon residue. The detergent/dispersant additives in modern motor oils keep the piston rings free in their grooves, thereby
maintaining compression pressures and minimizing the amount of oil reaching
30
the combustion chamber. This not only reduces oil consumption, but more
importantly, keeps combustion chamber deposits to a minimum.
Excessive combustion chamber deposits adversely affect engine operation.
Deposits that form on spark plugs may cause the plugs to short out. Their buildup causes pinging, knock, or other combustion irregularities that reduce the efficiency and economy of the engine. Because these deposits act as heat barriers, pistons, rings, spark plugs, and valves are not properly cooled. This can
result in damage or even failure of the parts necessitating premature overhaul.
In preventing excessive combustion chamber deposits, it is important that a
motor oil accomplish two things:
The oil must keep the rings free so that they can minimize the amount of oil
reaching the combustion chamber.
That portion of the oil reaching the combustion chamber should burn as
cleanly as possible.
Fight Soot
Soot is a by-product of diesel-engine combustion. It is black carbonaceous
particulate matter, which does not dissolve in lubricating oil, but can be suspended by the oil and removed during an oil change. If soot is not well dispersed in an oil, it will cause the oil to thicken up and go out of grade. In addition, soot can agglomerate to form particles large enough to cause abrasive
wear and when the soot load of an oil gets too high, it settles out and forms
sludge. Agglomerated soot and/or highly thickened oil can result in high pressure at the oil filter inlet. This can cause the filter by-pass to open and allow
unfiltered oil into the engine.
Engine oils formulated to fight soot are able to disperse large amounts of soot
without thickening up. Good soot dispersal stops large particles agglomerating, prevents abrasive wear developing and inhibits the formation of sludge.
Fighting soot formation in diesel engines has become a serious concern
recently, due to new severe U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) emission regulations. They have forced the diesel engine makers to lower NOx
emissions from all new diesel engines. To do this, the designers have retarded
the fuel-injection timing and some have added exhaust gas recirculation
(EGR). Unfortunately these changes reduce combustion efficiency and
increases soot production, sometimes by as much as 500%. This U.S. EPA
regulation effects all new or rebuilt engines sold in North America, since the
manufacturers distribute the same engines and rebuild kits world-wide.
Cool Engine Parts

Many people assume that engine cooling is accomplished only through the
action of the fluid in the cooling system. This in fact does only about 60 percent of the cooling job. It cools the upper part of the engine only the cylinder
heads, cylinder walls, and the valves. The crankshaft, the main and connecting rod bearings, the camshaft and its bearings, the timing gears, the pistons,
and many other components in the lower part of the engine are directly
dependent on the motor oil for necessary cooling, All these parts have definite
31
temperatures while others, such as the main and connecting rod bearings,
must run relatively cool to avoid failure. These parts must get an ample supply
of cool oil to pick up the heat and carry it back to the crankcase where it is
cooled by heat transfer to the surrounding air.
To keep this cooling process working, large volumes of oil must be constantly
circulated to the bearings and other engine parts. If the oil supply is interrupted, these parts heat up rapidly from increased friction and combustion
temperatures. A bearing failure is often referred to as a burned-out bearing
because temperatures rose high enough to actually melt the bearing metal.
While only a small quantity of oil is required at any one time and place to provide lubrication, the oil pump must circulate many litres of oil per minute in
order to achieve this. Chemical additives and the physical properties of the oil
have little effect on its ability to provide adequate cooling. What is critical is the
continuous circulation of large quantities of oil throughout the engine and over
hot engine parts. This is made possible through the use of large-capacity oil
pumps and oil passages adequate to handle the required volume of oil. These
oil passages cannot do the job properly if they are allowed to become partially
or completely clogged with deposits. When this happens, the oil cannot circulate or cool properly and early engine failure may result. This is another reason for changing the oil and filter before the contaminant level becomes too
high. Proper cooling also requires that the oil level in the crankcase never be
permitted to remain below the add oil line on the dipstick.
Seal Combustion Pressures

The surfaces of the piston rings, ring grooves, and cylinder walls are not completely smooth. If examined under a microscope, these surfaces would show
minute hills and valleys. For this reason, the rings by themselves can never
completely prevent high combustion and compression pressures from escaping into the low pressure area of the crankcase, with the consequent reduction
in engine power and efficiency. Motor oil fills in these hills and valleys on ring
surfaces and cylinder walls and helps to seal in compression and combustion
pressures. Because the oil film at these points is rather thin generally less
than 0.025 mm thick it cannot compensate for existing excessive wear of
rings, ring grooves, or cylinder walls. Where such conditions already exist, oil
consumption may be high. It may also be high in a new or rebuilt engine until
the hills and valleys on these surfaces have smoothed out enough to allow the
oil to form the right seal.
Be Non-Foaming
Because of the many rapidly moving parts in an engine, air in the crankcase is
constantly being whipped into the oil. This produces foam, which is simply a
lot of air bubbles which may or may not readily collapse. These air bubbles
normally rise to the surface and break, but water and certain other contaminants slow down the rate at which this occurs, and the result is foam.
Foam is not a good conductor of heat, so if the amount of foam is excessive,
engine cooling will be impaired because the heat will not be dissipated. Foam
also does not have much ability to carry a load and prevent wear of hydraulic
valve lifters and bearings. This is because it contains air and air is easily compressible. On the other hand, oil which is free of air is virtually incompressible.
32
ADDITIVES
As previously stated, an engine oil has to perform ten basic functions. To carry
out these functions, the base oil must be refined to the highest level possible
and then compounded with specially selected chemical additives. Skillful
selection of additives, blended together with Petro-Canadas HT Severely
Hydrocracked base oils results in engine oils of outstanding performance.
DETERGENTS
These chemicals, usually metallic based, are designed to control deposits and
keep engine components clean. They are able to clean up existing deposits in
the engine, as well as disperse insoluble matter into the oil. Detergents control
contamination resulting from high temperature operation.
DISPERSANTS
These are usually ashless organic chemicals, which control contamination
from low temperature operation. Both detergents and dispersants attach themselves to contaminant particles, such as soot and hold them in suspension,
preventing sludge and deposit formation. The suspended particles, together
with their additive carrier, are so finely divided that they can pass harmlessly
between mating surfaces and through oil filters. This contamination is
removed from the engine when the oil is changed.
OXIDATION INHIBITORS
These agents reduce oxygen attack on the lubricant base oil to a minimum.
Petro-Canadas HT Severely Hydrocracked base oils have a superior
response to these additives compared to Solvent Refined base oils. This
results in an engine oil with unrivalled resistance to oil thickening and the
build-up of corrosive acids, hence maintaining good oil flow properties and
resistance to bearing corrosion.
CORROSION INHIBITORS
Acids are produced by the combustion process and when an engine oil
degrades with use. Unless rendered harmless by the engine oil, these acids
can cause rapid deterioration of engine components. Corrosion inhibitors protect non-ferrous metals by coating them and forming a barrier between the
parts and their environment.
RUST INHIBITORS
Rust Inhibitors protect iron/steel surfaces from oxygen attack, by forming a
similar protective screen as mentioned above. Parts such as hydraulic lifters,
push rods, etc. are prone to this type of corrosion.
ANTI-WEAR AGENTS
These agents prevent wear due to seizure or scuffing of rubbing surfaces. Compounds such as zinc dialkyl-dithiophosphate (ZDDP) break-down at microscopic hot spots and form a chemical film which eliminates metal-to-metal
contact before it grows. Thus scuffing, galling and seizure are prevented.
33
FOAM DEPRESSANTS
Detergent and dispersant additives can facilitate aeration of an oil, which leads
to foaming. This can reduce the lubricating ability of an oil and even interfere
with oil pumping. Incorporation of a Foam Depressant controls this tendency.
VISCOSITY INDEX (Vl) IMPROVERS
Vl improvers control the viscosity of multi-grade oils. They are polymers which
act like popcorn. At low temperatures, they are tight-balls which do not significantly increase the oils resistance to flow. However, at high temperatures,
these tight-balls explode into long chain polymers, which interweave and
increase the oils resistance to flow (viscosity). Thus, the tendency of an oil to
thin at high temperatures is controlled and reduced. Vl improvers must be
shear stable, that is be able to perform when the oil film is subject to great
stress and also resist high temperatures.
POUR POINT DEPRESSANTS

Base oils contain hydrocarbons that tend to crystallize into waxy materials at
low temperatures. Incorporation of a chemical which reduces the size/rate of
wax crystal formation can give an oil better low temperature fluidity, hence a
lower Pour Point.
FRICTION MODIFIERS
Some oils contain friction-modifying chemicals, which can reduce the fuel consumption of an engine. These chemicals form a chemical or physically bonded
film that reduces the friction between the moving engine parts.
34
OIL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS

In selecting a proper engine oil, the vehicle operator must consider both the oil
viscosity and the lubricant service requirements for his vehicle. To enable the
operator to identify a proper oil, the engine manufacturers and the petroleum
industry utilize two complementary classification systems that are described
below:
SAE ENGINE OIL VISCOSITY CLASSIFICATION

The earliest attempts to classify and identify motor oils were made when the
first automobiles appeared. Even then viscosity was known to be one of the
most important characteristics of an oil and oils were classified as light,
medium, or heavy, depending on their viscosity. When instruments became
available to accurately measure viscosity, the Society of Automotive Engineers
(SAE) developed a classification system based on viscosity measurements.
This system (Engine Oil Viscosity Classification SAE J300), which has been
modified over the years, establishes eleven distinct motor oil viscosity classifications or grades. SAE 0W, SAE 5W, SAE 10W, SAE 15W, SAE 20W, SAE
25W, SAE 20, SAE 30, SAE 40, SAE 50 and SAE 60. (Other grade numbers
are used to define the viscosities of gear oils).
SAE VISCOSITY GRADES FOR ENGINE OILS (SAE J300 DEC. 99)
SAE
Viscosity (cP) at Temperature (C),
Viscosity
Max
Grade
Cranking
Pumpability
0W
5W
10W
15W
20W
25W
20W
30W
40W
40W
50W
60W
6200 at 35
6600 at 30
7000 at 25
7000 at 20
9500 at 15
13000 at 10
60 000 at 40
60 000 at 35
60 000 at 30
60 000 at 25
60 000 at 20
60 000 at 15
Viscosity (cSt)
at 100C
Min
Max
3.8
3.8
4.1
5.6
5.6
9.3
5.6
9.3
12.5
12.5
16.3
21.9
Less than 9.3

Less than 12.5
Less than 16.3
Less than 16.3
Less than 21.9
Less than 26.1
High Shear
Viscosity (cP)
at 150C and
106 S-1 Min
2.6
2.9
2.9
3.7
3.7
3.7
with 0W-40, 5W-40 and 10W-40 grades

with 15W-40, 20W-40, 25W-40 & 40 grades
The W following the SAE viscosity grade stands for winter and indicates
that an oil is suitable for use in colder temperatures. Oils carrying the W designation must have the proper viscosity value when measured at appropriate
low temperatures. Those SAE classifications which do not include the W
define oil grades for use at higher temperatures. The viscosity of these oils
SAE 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 must have the proper value when measured at
100C and under high shear conditions at 150C.
35
As noted earlier, the development of viscosity index improvers made the

manufacture of multi-graded motor oil possible. These oils - SAE 0W-30, 5W-20,
5W-30, 5W-40, 10W-30, 10W-40, 15W-40 and 20W-50 - have been marketed
for decades in North America.
Multi-grade motor oils, such as SAE 5W-30, SAE 10W-30 etc. are widely used
because they are light enough for easy cranking at low temperatures, but heavy
enough to perform satisfactorily at high temperatures as well.
The car manufacturers recommendations for crankcase oil viscosity should be

followed at all times. However, a basic guide prepared from car owners manuals is shown in the table below:
GUIDE TO SAE GRADES OF ENGINE OIL
Ambient Temperature Range
SAE Grade
C
40C to +40C
35C to +40C
30C to excess of +40C
SAE Multi-Grades
F
40F to +104F
31F to +104F
22F to excess of +104F
0W-30
5W-30
10W-30, 10W-40
15W-40
20W-50
30C to +20C
20C to +30C
+5C to excess of +40C
SAE Single Grades

22F to +70F
4F to +86F
+32F to excess of +104F
10W
20W
30
40
50
60
Footnotes
i) The lowest ambient temperatures quoted above are for equipment with no
starting aids. Starting aids, such as block coolant heaters, oil sump heaters
and battery warmers will further reduce the minimum starting temperature.
ii) The ambient temperatures quoted above should only be taken as a
guide. For the exact SAE grade required for your vehicle, consult your
owners manual.
It is important to understand that the SAE viscosity grade classification system
identifies only viscosity and indicates nothing else about the type or quality of
an oil or the service for which it is intended.
API ENGINE SERVICE CLASSIFICATION

In 1970, the American Petroleum Institute, the American Society for Testing and
Materials, and the Society of Automotive Engineers cooperated in establishing
an entirely new API Engine Service Classification System. This system enables
engine oils to be defined and selected on the basis of their performance characteristics and the type of service for which they are intended.
It should be emphasized that the API Engine Service Classification System

has no connection with the SAE Engine Oil Viscosity Classification System.
The latter is used to indicate only the SAE viscosities of oils. Both are necessary to adequately define an engine oils characteristics insofar as customer
selection of the proper product to meet his engines need is concerned.
36
The API Engine Service Classification System presently includes twenty

classes of service which are summarized in the chart below:
Letter Designation
API Service
SA
Utility gasoline and diesel engine
service. (obsolete)
SB
Minimum duty gasoline engine
service. (obsolete)
SC
1964 gasoline engine warranty
requirements. (obsolete)
SD
SE
SF
requirements (obsolete)
SG
SH
SJ
requirements
SL
requirements
SM

requirements
CA
Light duty service on high quality

fuels. (obsolete)
Moderate duty service on lower
quality fuels. (obsolete)
CB
CC
CD
Moderate to severe duty diesel

and gasoline service. (obsolete)
Severe duty diesel service.
(obsolete)
CD-II
Severe duty 2-stroke cycle diesel

engine service. (obsolete)
CE
Turbo-charged and Super-charged

heavy-duty diesel engines,
manufactured since 1983.
(obsolete)
37
Oil Description
Oil without additive.
Some antioxidant and antiscuff properties.
Meets 1964-67 requirements
of automotive manufacturers.
Meets 2001 onwards
requirements of automotive
manufacturers.
Meets 2005 onwards
requirements of automotive
manufacturers.
Meets Military requirement
MIL-L-2104A (1954).
MIL-L-2104A, but test run on
high sulphur fuel (Suppl. 1 ).
MIL-L-2104B (1964).
Provides moderately super charged
diesel performance. Meets
requirements of MIL-L-2104C and
Caterpillar Series 3 lubricants.
Meets requirements for API
CD service, plus Detroit Diesel
6V53T approval.
Meets the requirements for
API CD service, plus those for
Mack E0-K/2 and Cummins
NTC-400 approvals.
Letter Designation
API Service
CF
Off-road indirect injected diesel
engines and other diesel engines
using a broad range of fuel types
including high sulphur (>0.5%) fuel.
CF-2
3
CF-4
CG-4
CH-4
CI-4
Oil Description
Provides effective control of
piston deposits, wear and
corrosion in naturally aspirated
turbocharged or supercharged
diesel engines. Can be used to
replace CD oils.
Severe duty 2-stroke cycle
Service typical of 1994 severe
diesel engine service.
duty two-stroke cycle diesel
engines requiring highly
effective control over deposits
and wear. Can be used to
replace CD-II oils.
Severe duty turbocharged
Meets requirements of
4-stroke cycle diesel engines,
Caterpillar 1-K spec, plus
especially late model (since 1988) those for Mack EO-K/2 and
lower emission engines.
Cummins NTC-400 approvals.
Severe duty service in 4-stroke
Provides effective control over
cycle diesel engines designed to
high temperature piston
meet 1994 emission standards
deposits, wear, corrosion,
using low sulphur-fuel (<0.05%
foaming, oxidation stability
to <0.5%).
and soot accumulation. Can
be used to replace CD, CE and
CF-4 oils.
For high-speed, 4-stroke cycle
Provides superior control over
diesel engines, designed to
high temperature piston
meet 1998 emission standards,
deposits, wear, corrosion,
using low sulphur fuel (<0.05%
foaming, oxidation stability
to <0.5%).
and soot accumulation. Can
be used to replace CD, CE,
CF-4 and CG-4 oils.
Represents a performance boost
Provides enhanced perforover CH-4. Intended for heavy duty mance over that provided by
high speed 4-stroke cycle diesel
CH-4, in terms of viscosity
engines designed to meet 2002
control, soot accumulation,
emission standards using low
oxidation stability and piston
sulphur fuel (<0.05% to 0.5%),
deposits. May be used to
and to meet increased engine
replace CD, CE, CF-4, CG-4,
severity caused by Exhaust Gas
and CH-4 oils. Some CI-4 oils
Recirculation (EGR).
may also qualify for the CI-4
Plus designation which
represents even better
protection against wear,
improved soot handling and
shear stability.
The following are more detailed descriptions of the API Service Classification.
They are a guide to the proper selection of engine oils for significantly different
engine service operations.
S SPARK IGNITION (Gasoline, Propane, CNG)

Standards SA to SF have been removed as they are considered obsolete. The
current standard is backservicable to these standards.
38
SG FOR 1989 GASOLINE ENGINE

WARRANTY MAINTENANCE SERVICE
Service typical of gasoline engines in passenger cars, vans, and light trucks
beginning with the 1989 model year operating under manufacturers recommended maintenance procedures. (obsolete)
SH FOR 1994 GASOLINE ENGINE WARRANTY

MAINTENANCE SERVICE
Service typical of gasoline engines in passenger cars, vans and light trucks
beginning with the 1994 model year, operating under manufacturers recommended maintenance procedures. Oils developed for this service provide
improved control of engine deposits, oxidation and engine wear relative to oils
developed for previous categories. Oils meeting API Service Classification SH
may be used where API Service Categories SG, SG/CC, SF, SF/CC and SE
are recommended. (obsolete)
SJ FOR 1997 GASOLINE ENGINE WARRANTY

MAINTENANCE SERVICE
Service typical of gasoline engines in passenger cars, sport utility vehicles,
vans and light trucks beginning with 1997 model year, operating under manufacturers recommended maintenance procedures. Oils meeting API Service
Classification SJ may be used where API Service Classifications SH and earlier have been recommended.
SL FOR 2001 GASOLINE ENGINE WARRANTY

MAINTENANCE SERVICE
vans and light trucks effective July 1, 2001. In addition to a general improvement in quality, this new standard aims specifically to improve oil volatility, oil
life, fuel economy and emissions system compatibility. Oils meeting API Service Classification SL may be used where API Service Classifications SJ and
earlier have been recommended.
SM FOR 2005 GASOLINE ENGINE WARRANTY

MAINTENANCE SERVICE
vans and light trucks effective Dec. 2004. In addition to a general improvement
in quality, this new standard aims specifically to improve oil volatility, oil life,
fuel economy and emissions system compatibility. Oils meeting API Service
Classification SM may be used where API Service Classifications SL and
earlier have been recommended.
C COMPRESSION IGNITION (Diesel)

CA FOR DIESEL ENGINE SERVICE
Service typical of diesel engines operated in mild to moderate duty with high
quality fuels and occasionally has included gasoline engines in mild service.
They were widely used in the late 1940s and 1950s. (obsolete)
39
CB FOR DIESEL ENGINE SERVICE

Service typical of diesel engines operated in mild to moderate duty, but with
lower quality fuels which necessitate more protection from wear and deposits.
Oils designed for this service were introduced in 1949. (obsolete)
CC FOR DIESEL ENGINE SERVICE
Service typical of certain naturally aspirated, turbo-charged or supercharged

diesel engines operated in moderate to severe duty service and certain heavyduty gasoline engines. Oils designed for this service provide protection from
high temperature deposits and bearing corrosion in these diesel engines and
also from rust, corrosion and low-temperature deposits in gasoline engines.
These oils were introduced in 1961. (obsolete)
CD FOR DIESEL ENGINE SERVICE

Service typical of certain naturally aspirated, turbocharged or supercharged
diesel engines where highly effective control of wear and deposits is vital, or
when using fuels of a wide quality range including high sulfur fuels. Oils
designed for this service were introduced in 1955 and provide protection from
bearing corrosion and from high-temperature deposits in these diesel engines.
(obsolete)
CD-II FOR FOR SEVERE DUTY 2-STROKE

CYCLE DIESEL ENGINE SERVICE
Service typical of 2-stroke cycle diesel engines requiring highly effective control over wear and deposits. Oils designed for this service also meet all performance requirements of API Service Category CD. (obsolete)
CE FOR 1983 DIESEL ENGINE SERVICE

Service typical of certain turbocharged or supercharged heavy-duty diesel
engines manufactured since 1983 and operated under both low speed high
load and high speed high load conditions. Oils designed for this service must
also meet the requirements of the API Engine Service Categories CC and CD.
(obsolete)
CF FOR 1994 OFF-ROAD INDIRECT INJECTED

DIESEL ENGINE SERVICE
API Service Category CF denotes service typical of off-road indirect injected
diesel engines and other diesel engines that use a broad range of fuel types
including those using fuel with higher sulphur content, for example, over 0.5%
wt. Effective control of piston deposits, wear and corrosion of copper-containing bearings is essential for these engines which may be naturally aspirated,
turbocharged or supercharged. Oils designated for this service may also be
used when API Service Category CD is recommended.
CF-2 FOR 1994 SEVERE DUTY 2-STROKE CYCLE

API Service Category CF-2 denotes service typical of two-stroke cycle engines
requiring highly effective control over cylinder and ring-face scuffing and
deposits. Oils designated for this service have been in existence since 1994
40
and may also be used when API Service Category CD-II is recommended.
These oils do not necessarily meet the requirements of CF or CF-4 unless the
oils have specifically met the performance requirements of these categories.
CF-4 FOR 1991 DIESEL ENGINE SERVICE

Service typical of severe duty turbocharged, 4-stroke cycle diesel engines,
particularly late models designed to give lower emissions. These engines are
usually found in on-highway, heavy duty truck applications. API CF-4 oils
exceed the requirements of CE category oils and can be used in place of earlier CC, CD and CE oils.
CG-4 FOR 1994 SEVERE DUTY DIESEL ENGINE SERVICE

For use in high speed, four-stroke cycle diesel engines used in highway and
off-road applications where the fuel sulphur may vary from less than 0.05 percent to less than 0.5 percent by weight. CG-4 oils provide effective control
over high temperature piston deposits, wear, corrosion, foaming, oxidation stability and soot accumulation. These oils are especially effective in engines
designed to meet 1994 emission standards and may also be used in engines
requiring API Service Categories CD, CE and CF-4.
CH-4 FOR 1999 SEVERE DUTY DIESEL ENGINE SERVICE

off-road applications, where the fuel contents range from less than 0.05% to
less than 0.5% by weight. CH-4 oils provide superior control over high temperature piston deposits, wear, corrosion, foaming, oxidation stability and soot
accumulation. These oils have been specifically formulated for engines
designed to meet November 1998 EPA emission standards and may be used
where API CD, CE, CF-4 and CG-4 oils are required. Oils designated for this
service have been available since 1999.
CI-4 (CI-4 PLUS) FOR 2003 SEVERE DUTY

off-road applications where fuel sulphur contents range from less than 0.05%
to less than 0.5% by weight. This new category is designed to cope with
stringent environmental emissions legislation and increased engine severity
caused by Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR). Oils designated for this service
are currently available from Petro-Canada, and may also be used where API
CD, CE, CF-4, CG-4 and CH-4 oils are required.
41
OTHER DIESEL ENGINE OIL SPECIFICATIONS

Some diesel engine manufacturers have engine oil requirements that are not
completely covered by API classifications.
DETROIT DIESEL
Detroit Diesel Corporation 2-stroke cycle engines require SAE 40 or 30 oils of

CF-2 quality and with a sulphated ash level of no more than 1.0% weight. SAE
15W-40 oils of API CF-2 quality and having a High Temperature-High Shear
(HTHS) Viscosity of at least 3.7 cP are permitted as a third choice in Detroit Diesel
Model 53, 71, and 92 engines (must meet 1.0 % wt ash limit). SAE 15W-40 and
SAE 30 oils are not permitted at all in the large Model 149 engines.
MACK EO-M
Over the years, Mack Trucks have been very active in developing heavy duty
diesel engine oil standards for the lubrication of their engines.
The MACK EO-M engine oil specification was introduced in 1998. Use of EO-M
oils is mandatory in all MACK 1998 year engines, running in severe service or
operating with extended oil drain intervals.
MACK EO-M oils must be multigraded, meet the requirements of API CH-4
and pass the following engine tests . . . Mack T-8E (300 h), Mack T-9 (500h) and
Cummins M-11 (200h).
MACK EO-M PLUS

The MACK EO-M Plus specification was introduced in 1999. Use of MACK
EO-M Plus oils is mandatory in all MACK 1999 year engines, where oil drain
intervals are as long as 50,000 miles or 80,000 km.
MACK EO-M Plus oils must be multigraded, meet the requirements of API
CH-4 and pass the following engine tests . . . Mack T-8E & Mack T-9 with
tightened limits and the Cummins M-11 extended to 300 hours.
MACK EO-N PLUS

Similarly, this specification defines a premium oil performance above and beyond
the stringent CI-4 tests, and consequently beyond the MACK EO-N specification.
MACK EO-N PREMIUM PLUS 03

This specification is required for the Mack ASET family of engines, which utilize
exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and also highly recommended for all other Mack
engine models, regardless of vintage. Mack EO-N Premium Plus 03 engine oils
exceed both the API CI-4 and previous EO-N performance specifications.
42
CUMMINS 20071
The Cummins 20071 specification defines the premium quality engine oil that must
be used in Cummins 1997 year engines, operating in North America with
extended oil drain intervals. Cummins 20071 oils must pass the Cummins
M-11 engine test at 200 hours, together with a matrix of other diesel engine tests
(Mack, Caterpillar and GM).
CUMMINS 20072
be used in Cummins 1997 engines, operating globally with poor fuel quality and
inferior engine maintenance practices.
Cummins 20072 oils must pass the Cummins M-11 engine test at 200 hours, a
matrix of other diesel engine tests (Mack, Caterpillar and GM) and meet the ACEA
E3 requirements for a diesel engine oil.
CUMMINS 20076
be used in Cummins 1999 year engines, operating in North America with
extended oil drain intervals. Cummins 20076 oils must pass the Cummins M-11
engine test at 300 hours, together with a matrix of other diesel engine tests with
tightened limits, compared to the earlier 20071 spec.
CUMMINS 20078
A new specification, Cummins 20078 has been introduced, and is also defined
around the increased performance embodied in the CI-4 tests and limits.
CATERPILLAR ECF-1
A new specification in 2003, designed for the b-ACERT (bridging-Advanced
Combustion Emission Reduction Technology) engines. This requires oils to be
either CI-4/CH-4 +<1.3% sulphated ash + 1 pass of CAT 1P test or to be
CI-4/CH-4 +1.3-1.5% sulphated ash + 2 passes of CAT 1P test.
PASSENGER CAR, SPORT UTILITY VEHICLE, VAN AND

LIGHT TRUCK ENERGY CONSERVING OIL CLASSIFICATION
The Energy Conserving classification for gasoline-powered passenger cars,
sport utility vehicles, vans and light trucks is a supplementary classification for
engine oils that have energy conserving properties . The performance
requirements for this supplementary classification are technically described in
SAE J1423 and ASTM D 4485.
The fuel economy obtained by individual vehicle operators using engine oils
labelled Energy Conserving may differ because of many factors, including the
type of vehicle and engine, engine manufacturing variables, the mechanical
condition and maintenance of the engine, the oil that has been previously
used, operating conditions and driving habits.
Energy Conserving, in conjunction with API Service Category SM
API Service Category SM engine oils categorized as Energy Conserving are
formulated to improve the fuel economy of passenger cars, SUVs, vans and
light duty trucks powered by gasoline engines. These oils have produced a
Fuel Economy Improvement (FEI) both at the start (FEI 1) and at the end (FEI
2) of a Sequence VIB test when compared with a specific standard reference
oil. The percentage fuel improvements which must be achieved to qualify as
Energy Conserving are listed below for the different viscosity grades.
43
Viscosity Grade
FEI 1, min.
Rel. to Ref. Oil
FEI 2, min.
Rel. to Ref. Oil
FEI 1 + FEI 2
min.
0W-20 & 5W-20

0W-30 & 5W-30
10W30 & all others
2.0%
1.6%
0.9%
1.7%
1.3%
0.6%
n/a
3.0%
1.6%
API SERVICE CLASSIFICATION SYMBOL
SERVICE S
PI
E
EN C
5W-30
V
G ING
IE
SAE
R
O GY
NO C O N S E R R
MISE LNE
ILSAC CERTIFICATION SYMBOL

The ILSAC (International Lubricants Standardization and Approval Committee)
certification mark, commonly referred to as the Starburst, is shown below.
TROLEUM
PE
ITUTE
ST
IN
AMERICA
N
FOR
GASOLINE
ENGINES
APIs Lubricants Subcommittee established the symbol illustrated below to

provide uniform identification and an improved means for the general public
to identify appropriate engine oils according to the manufacturers recommendation for the needs of a particular vehicle. The symbol is used to display the
appropriate API service category or categories (upper part of the symbol), the
SAE viscosity grade (center of the symbol), and, if applicable, energyconserving features of an oil (bottom part of the symbol). Energy-conserving
is not applicable for heavy-duty diesel engines. The symbol clearly provides all
the pertinent information a customer needs in one convenient location.
ER
TIFIE
This symbol enables the general public to identify oils which meet the warranty
requirements of DaimlerChrysler, Ford and General Motors, as well as the
Japanese automakers.
The latest ILSAC specification (July 2004) is identified as ILSAC GF-4. The
API Starburst symbol only applies to 0W-XX, 5W-XX and 10W-XX viscosity
oils that not only meet the GF-4 specification, but also meet API SM and the
Energy Conserving classification.
The Starburst symbol must be displayed on the front of a motor oil container.
44
USED OIL ANALYSIS

Used Oil Analysis programs for engine oils, such as Petro-Canadas
LUBRI-TEST provide several customer benefits:
Reduce unscheduled vehicle downtime
Improve vehicle reliability
Help organize effective maintenance schedules
Extend engine life
Optimize oil change intervals
Reduce cost of vehicle maintenance
Used engine oil analyses are carried out principally to determine the overall
condition of an oil. Monitoring an oils condition at successive intervals, over a
relatively long time period, can be used to establish:
Presence of Undesirable Contaminants, such as:
- Excess Wear Metals
- Gasoline or Diesel Fuel
- Coolant
- Road Salt
- Dirt, Sand or Dust
Optimum Oil Change Interval
The following items are tested to determine the condition of an engine oil :
Viscosity - is the measure of an oils resistance to flow. An oil can thickenup due to oxidation, the presence of contaminants, or evaporation of light
components. It can thin-down due to oil shearing or fuel dilution.
Reported as cSt @ 40C and cSt @ 100C
Coolant - ethylene glycol is the major component of antifreeze coolant systems, so the presence of glycol is determined. A positive test result indicates a defective gasket or a cracked head/block. Detection of glycol
requires immediate attention, as it reacts quickly in a hot engine to form
varnish and sludge.
Water - presence due to condensation from low temperature engine operation or from a leak in the cooling system.
Dilution - the amount of gasoline or diesel present in an oil.
Insolubles - suspended material present in the oil, due to presence of soot
from diesel fuel combustion and contamination from airborne dust, dirt or
sand.
Total Acid Number - expresses the quantity of base required to neutralize
all the acidic constituents present in the oil. Often an indicator of how oxidized an oil has become.
Total Base Number - measures the reserve alkalinity of an oil, which is the
ability of an alkali to neutralize the effect of acid formation.
Wear or Additive Metals - The presence of the following elements is
usually determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectroscopy:
Aluminum, Barium, Boron, Calcium, Chromium, Copper, Iron, Magnesium,
Phosphorus, Sodium, Tin and Zinc.
45
USED OIL ANALYSIS TESTS

CONTAMINANT WARNING LEVELS
TEST
WARNING LIMIT
Viscosity
- cSt @ 40C
- cSt @ 100C
Coolant
Water
Dilution
Insolubles
Total Acid Number
Total Base Number
25% change versus the new oil viscosity

15% change versus the new oil viscosity
Any positive identification
Greater than 0.1%
Greater than 5%
0.5% or more
More than 5 units (motor oil) or
1 unit (industrial oil)
No lower than 3 to 4 units
AUTOMOTIVE WEAR METALS WARNING LEVELS

ELEMENT
WARNING LIMITS
Iron (Fe)
Greater than 100 ppm
Chromium (Cr)
Greater than 10 ppm
Copper (Cu)
Greater than 20 ppm
Tin (Sn)
Greater than 10 ppm
Aluminum (Al)
Lead (Pb)
Greater than 20 ppm

(>80 ppm Aluminum
Block Engines)
Greater than 25 ppm
Boron (B)
Greater than 20 ppm
Silicon (Si)
Greater than 20 ppm
Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca)

Barium (Ba), Sodium (Na)
Phosphorus (P), Zinc (Zn)
46
COMMENTS
High levels indicate worn
crankshafts, valves, cylinder-liners, bearings
piston rings, bearings or contamination by antifreeze
bearings and bushings
bearings and bushings
pistons or engine block
bearings. Where leaded
gasoline used, results are
meaningless
High levels indicate antifreeze leak. Some engine oils
contain a boron dispersant
additive. Check sample of
new oil
High levels indicate presence
of dust or sand. May also be
due to high level of silicone
anti-foam. Check sample of
new oil
These elements may be part
of the additive package.
They remain in the oil and
do not deplete
PETRO-CANADA GASOLINE MOTOR OILS

SERVICE STATION MOTOR OILS
Passenger cars are delivering more power and performance than ever before.
Engine power outputs, in horse-power per litre, have increased tremendously
over the past decade or so. Current smaller, higher powered passenger car
engines not only run hotter, but also work harder than ever before. As a result,
engines are much more demanding on motor oils for their lubrication. The very
close tolerances of rapidly moving engine parts together with pressures for
lower oil consumption, reduced engine emissions and increased equipment
durability, place heavy demands on todays service station oils. PetroCanadas complete line of passenger car motor oils, formulated using the latest in lubricant technology, is ready and able to meet these new challenges.
PETRO-CANADA
SYNTHETIC MOTOR OILS
Petro-Canada Arctic 0W-30, Synthetic 5W-30 and 10W-30 are our top-of-theline passenger car motor oils. Specially formulated with 100% Petro-Canadas
own Very High Viscosity Index (VHVI) Synthetic Base Fluids and a unique
additive chemistry, they deliver consistent, superior performance under the
toughest driving conditions. Arctic 0W-30, Synthetic 5W-30 and 10W-30 have
outstanding resistance to thermal breakdown and provide exceptional wear
protection under both low and high temperature situations. Petro-Canada Arctic 0W-30 protects engines against the extremes of Canadian winter, and its
exceptional fluidity facilitates starting down to -40C.
Petro-Canada Synthetic motor oils exceed passenger car and light truck
manufacturers warranty requirements, as well as API Service Categories
SM/CF. Energy Conserving and ILSAC GF-4 standards.
Typical characteristics are shown below:
SAE Grade
Arctic 0W-30
5W-30
10W-30
Viscosity cSt @ 40C
57.6
58.2
62.8
Viscosity cSt @ 100C
10.4
10.3
10.3
SUV @ 100F
292
295
320
SUV @ 210F
61.1
60.7
60.8
Viscosity Index
170
167
153
Flash Point, C / F
235/455
225/437
235/455
Cold Crank Viscosity, cP @ C
5434@-35/-31 3404@-30/-22 3687@-25/-13
Border Line Pumping Viscosity, cP @ C 18,897@-40 9,208@-35
8,596@-30
Sulphated Ash, % Wt
0.9
0.9
0.9
Meet: API SM/CF, Energy Conserving, ILSAC GF-4, GM 6094M (5W-30 &
10W-30) & Ford WSS-M2C929A (5W-30).
47
PETRO-CANADA 5W-30, 10W-30 AND 10W-40

SYNTHETIC BLEND MOTOR OILS
Specially formulated for vehicles with high mileage, Petro-Canada Synthetic
Blend 5W-30, 10W-30, and 10W-40 are advanced synthetic blend motor oils,
formulated with a blend of Petro-Canadas VHVI Synthetic base fluids and
Petro-Canadas HT Purity Process base oils and a leading-edge additive system. These oils deliver synthetic performance and provide outstanding resistance to thermal breakdown, as well as maximum protection against wear and
deposit formation, under the severest operating conditions.
All oils surpass the requirements of API Service Categories SM and ILSAC
GF-4 (5W-30 grade only) for gasoline powered passenger cars and light
trucks.
SAE Grade
5W-30
10W-30
10W-40
Viscosity cSt @ 40C
64.9
77.1
101.4
cSt @ 100C
10.8
11.4
15.0
SUV @ 100F
331
395
519
SUV @ 210F
62.6
64.9
78.9
Viscosity Index
150
140
155
Flash Point, C / F
225/437
235/455
241/466
Cold Crank Viscosity cP @ C
5218@ -30
5631@-25
5415@ -25
Border Line Pumping
Viscosity cP@ C
14,355@-35
14,585@-30
17,384@-30
Sulphated Ash % Wt
0.9
0.9
0.9
Meet: API SM, Energy Conserving (5W-30 grade only), ILSAC GF-4 (5W-30
grade only) and GM 6094M (5W-30 grade only).
48
PETRO-CANADA SUPREME - MULTIGRADE MOTOR OIL

Petro-Canada SUPREME is a superior passenger car motor oil, formulated
using a high performance additive system. It exceeds the latest car makers
service requirements for gasoline powered engines, found in passenger cars
and light trucks.
Petro-Canada SUPREME 5W-20, 5W-30 and 10W-30 give excellent yearround performance in todays passenger car engines, equipped with the latest
emission controls and turbochargers. Classified by the API as exceeding API
SM, these oils demonstrate superior control of ring-zone deposits in small
high-output engines. Petro-Canada Supreme 5W-20, 5W-30 and 10W-30 are
all friction reduced to save fuel. They are also suitable for use in light duty
diesel applications where API CF is recommended. Petro-Canada Supreme
Motor Oils meet the latest API Energy Conserving standard as well as the
ILSAC GF-4 specification for motor oil.
Petro-Canada SUPREME 5W-20 is designed for use in new model Ford,
Honda and Mazda automobiles. Petro-Canada Supreme 10W-40 and 20W-50
are specialty grades, designed for older North American cars, or for engines
operating under high ambient temperatures. Petro-Canada Supreme is
recommended for use in all passenger car, propane and compressed natural
gas (CNG) powered engines.
Petro-Canada SUPREME Multigrade Motor Oil is available in five SAE
Grades: 5W-20, 5W-30, 10W-30, 10W-40 and 20W-50.
Typical Characteristics are shown below:
SAE Grade
5W-20 5W-30 10W-30 10W-40 15W-40
Viscosity cSt @ 40C 47.8
62.3
67.4
97.2
110
cSt @ 100C 8.6
10.6
10.5
14.1
14.6
SUV @ 100F 243
317
345
498
567
SUV @ 210F 54.7
61.7
61.5
75.3
77.4
Viscosity Index
159
160
143
148
136
Flash Point, C / F
229/444 229/444 231/448 223/433 255/237
Cold Crank
Viscosity, cP @ C / F 3690@-30/-22 4600@-30/-22 5060@-25/-13 5320@-25/-13 5090@-20/-4
Border Line
Pumping
Viscosity, cP @ C / F 8,200@-35/-3115,200@-35/-3111,200@-30/-22 17,700@-30/-22 14,135@-25/-13
Sulphated Ash, % Wt
0.6
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
20W-50
169.5
19.0
881
95.5
127
249/480
6140@-15/+5
15,400@-20/-4
0.9
Meet: API SM, Energy Conserving (only 5W-20, 5W-30, 10W-30), ILSAC
GF-4 (only 5W-20, 5W-30,10W-30), GM 6094M (5W-30 and 10W-30),
Ford M2C930A (5W-20 only), Ford M2C929A (5W-30 only), Honda,
Hyundai, Kia, and Mazda Service Fill (5W-20, 5W-30, and 10W-30
only).
49
PETRO-CANADA MAXIMUM - MULTIGRADE MOTOR OIL

Petro-Canada MAXIMUM Motor Oil is a high quality engine lubricant designed
for all season use in most passenger car gasoline, propane and compressed
natural gas (CNG) powered engines. Petro-Canada Maximum Motor Oil
exceeds the latest car makers service requirements for gasoline powered
engines, as well as the requirements of API Category SM. Both the SAE
5W-30 and 10W-30 grades exceed the API Energy Conserving standard for
enhanced fuel economy and meet the ILSAC GF-4 specification.
Petro-Canada MAXIMUM Motor Oils are available in three SAE Grades: 5W30, 10W-30 and 10W-40.
SAE Grade
Viscosity cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUS @ 100F
SUS @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C/F
Cold Crank
Viscosity, cP @C/F
Border Line Pumping
Viscosity, cP @C/F
Sulphated Ash, % Wt
5W-30
63.1
10.8
318
62.5
162
229/444
4530@ -35/-31
10W-30
10W-40
67.2
101.0
10.4
14.5
343
530
61.1
76.9
142
147
227/441
231/448
4860@ -25/-13
6000@ -25/-13
11,100@ -35/-31 11,100@ -30/-22 22,500@ -30/-22

0.7
0.9
0.8
Meet: API SM, Energy Conserving (except 10W-40), ILSAC GF-4 (except
10W-40), GM 6094M (5W-30 & 10W-30), Ford M2C929A (5W-30),
Honda, Kia & Hyundai Service Fill (except 10W-40).
50
HEAVY DUTY ENGINE OILS

Commercial and Industrial requirements for heavy duty engine oils continue to
stress higher levels of turbo-charging and power outputs, as well as demanding
the use of low sulphur diesel fuel for highway fleet operations. In addition,
recent U.S. EPA regulations have forced the heavy duty diesel engine manufacturers to reduce NOx emissions via modification of their engine designs.
This has resulted in a considerable increase in the soot loading found in
engine oils. Petro-Canada has responded to these developments and has
again improved the quality and performance of its commercial engine oils,
using its HT Severely Hydratreated/Hydrocracked base oils and high performance additives.
These oils are non-friction modified and have high friction coefficients making
them suitable for many wet-clutch applications.
DURON ENGINE OILS

The DURON* line of premium quality, heavy duty engine oils, is designed to
improve engine reliability and reduce operating costs through its superior soot
dispersancy and cold-starting abilities. The line is unique in that the majority of
multi-grades exceed the latest API CI-4 Plus, Detroit Diesel 93K214, Mack EON Premium Plus 03, Caterpillar ECF-1 and Cummins 20078 standards, while
all the single grades are suitable where API category CF is recommended.
DURON Heavy Duty Engine Oils may be used in engines fueled by diesel,
gasoline, propane or compressed natural gas (CNG). This allows the selection
of one engine oil for a mixed-fuel fleet, which meets most manufacturers warranty requirements.
DURON Synthetic Multigrades, DURON XL Synthetic Blend and DURON
are ideally suited to heavy duty diesel operations where very good cold
starting performance is essential. DURON XL Synthetic Blend and DURON
Synthetic oils have outstanding low temperature fluidity.
51
DURON SYNTHETIC ENGINE OIL

DURON SYNTHETIC is a full synthetic, super premium, all season heavy duty
engine oil, designed for the best 4-stroke diesel engine oil wide temperature
range performance. Under the most exacting conditions, and in extreme hot/cold
temperature environments, DURON SYNTHETIC will provide maximum reliability
and wear protection, and may be used in extended drain service along with good
operating practices and maintenance programs.
DURON SYNTHETIC
5W-40
95.4
15.5
485
80.9
173
219/426
-48/-54
cP @ -25C / -13F
2,220
cP @ -30C / -22F
6,187
Border Line Pumping Viscosity
cP@ -35C / -31F
23,320
cP @ -40C / -40F
47,864
Sulphated Ash, % Wt
1.39
Total Base No. (TBN), mg KOH/g
10.8
For DURON SYNTHETIC Performance Specifications, Refer to Table AL-1
(see Page 56)
SAE Grade
Viscosity cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUS @ 100F
SUS @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
Cold Crank Viscosity
52
DURON XL SYNTHETIC BLEND

ENGINE OILS
DURON XL Synthetic Blend Engine Oils are super premium, heavy duty
engine oils specially formulated to meet the rigors of cold, harsh winters and
are recommended for year-round use in vehicles operating in both highway
and off-highway applications.
DURON XL Synthetic Blend 15W-40 possesses the superior soot dispersing
properties required by the latest low emission engine designs beyond that of
API CI-4 Plus, Detroit Diesel Power Guard 93K214, Mack EO-N Premium Plus
03, Caterpillar ECF-1 and Cummins 20078. It is especially recommended for
use in severe operating conditions, in both highway and off-highway applications.
DURON XL Synthetic Blend 10W-40 delivers the same high temperature performance as the SAE 15W-40 grade, but with superior low-temperature fluidity
for easier winter operation and fuel savings through reduced idling time and
viscous drag.
DURON XL Synthetic Blend 0W-30 is fully approved against the demanding
requirements of API CH-4, Caterpillar ECF-1, Mack EO-M Plus and Cummins
20076. It permits unassisted start-ups down to - 45C. It exhibits the ultimate
low temperature performance in the DURON line and exceeds the requirements for high termperature film strength of a 30 grade oil. It is also an excellent hydraulic fluid for mobile equipment, where a motor oil is specified.
SAE Grade
Viscosity cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUS @ 100F
SUS @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
Cold Crank Viscosity,
cP @ -15C / +5F
cP @ -20C / -4F
cP @ -25C / -13F
cP @ -30C / -22F
cP @ -35C / -31F
Border Line Pumping Viscosity, cP @ C
Phosphorus, % Wt
Sulfur, % Wt
Sulphated Ash, % Wt
Total Base No.

15W-40
10W-40
0W-30
109.6
106.9
68.7
15.3
15.7
12.1
563
547
348
80.1
81.8
67.4
146
156
176
229/444
231/448
231/448
-42/-44
-48/-54
<-51/<-60
2,633
4,677
3,387
6,385
2,911
5,249
15,195@-25 23,210@ -30 18,113@ -40
1.37
10.7
1.37
10.3
1.18
9.1
For DURON XL Synthetic Blend Performance Specifications, Refer to

Table AL-1 (see Page 56)
53
DURON MULTIGRADE ENGINE OILS

DURON Multigrade Engine Oils are premium heavy duty engine oils, which
fight soot and lower operating costs by increasing engine durability and
reducing down time. They are recommended for year-round use in vehicles
operating over the road, as well as in many off-highway applications, where
good cold-starting performance is essential. DURON Multigrade Engine Oils
possess all the properties required by the latest low emission engine designs
- beyond those of API CI-4 Plus.
DURON Multigrade
SAE Grade
15W-40
10W-30
Viscosity cSt @ 40C
112.8
74.0
cSt @ 100C
15.4
11.4
SUS @ 100F
580
378
SUS @ 210F
80.6
64.8
Viscosity Index
143
146
Flash Point, C / F
225/437
231/448
Pour Point, C / F
-42/-44
-45/-49
Cold Crank Viscosity, cP @ C / F
5,327@ -20/-4
4,814@ -25/-13
Border Line Pumping Viscosity, cP @ C / F 19,009@ -25/-13
13,797@ -30/-22
Phosphorus, % Wt
Sulfur, % Wt
Sulphated Ash, % Wt
1.37
1.18
Total Base No.
10.6
9.1
For Duron Multigrade Performance Specifications, Refer to Table AL-1
(see Page 56)
DURON Multigrades are excellent hydraulic fluid for mobile equipment,
where a motor oil is specified.
DURON 15W-40 is suitable for use in the following high-speed marine
engines, fueled by diesel or gasoline (where water separation is not
required): Allis-Chalmers, B&W/Alpha, BMW, Buda, Caterpillar, Chrysler,
Cummins, Daihatsu, John Deere, Detroit Diesel, Deutz, Dorman, English
Electric, Fairbanks-Morse, Ford, Gardener, Hatz, Intrepid, Isuzu, Mack,
MAN, Mitsubishi, Moteurs Badouin, MTU, Murphy, Nissan, Nohab, Onan,
Paxman, Ruston, Stork/Werkspoor, Volvo, Wartsilla/ Wichman, Waukesha/Scania, Yanmar.
DURON 15W-40 & 10W-30 are suitable for use in transmissions, where a
multigrade motor oil is specified.
DURON 15W-40 & 10W-30 are suitable for use in motor cycle manual
transmissions requiring a JASO MA quality oil.
54
DURON SINGLE GRADE ENGINE OILS

Petro-Canada DURON Single Grade Engine Oils are universal oils, designed
to lubricate engines in heavy-duty service fueled by diesel, gasoline, propane
or compressed natural gas (CNG). They are recommended for vehicles operating over the road, as well as many off-highway applications, such as forestry,
mining, farming, construction and marine.
DURON Single Grade Engine Oils are available in five SAE grades: 10W, 20,
30, 40 and 50.
DURON Single Grade
SAE Grade
10W
20
30
40
50
Viscosity
cSt @ 40C
41.5
65
83
131
209
cSt @ 100C
6.8
9.1
11.2
14.4
19.3
SUS @ 100F
213
334
429
684
1100
SUS @ 210F
49
57
64
77
97
Viscosity Index
119
118
123
109
105
Flash Point, C / F
194/381
231/448
249/480 261/502 249/480
Pour Point, C / F
-42/-44
-39/-38
-36/-33
-30/-22
-21/-6
Cold Crank
Viscosity, cP @ C / F 4606@-25 4932@-20/-4
Border Line Pumping

Viscosity, cP@ C / F 9670@-30/-22
Phosphorus, % Wt.
Sulfur, % Wt.
Sulphated Ash, % Wt
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.9
Total Base No.
8.0
7.9
7.9
7.9
7.9
For DURON Single Grade Performance Specifications, Refer to
Table AL-1 (see Page 56)
DURON Single Grades can be used in transmissions, where a motor oil is
specified.
DURON Single Grades are excellent hydraulic fluids for mobile equipment,
where a motor oil is specified.
DURON 30 & 40 are suitable for use in the following high-speed marine
engines, fueled by diesel or gasoline (where water separation is not
required): Allis-Chalmers, B&W/Alpha, BMW, Buda, Caterpillar, Chrysler,
Cummins, Daihatsu, John Deere, Detroit Diesel, Deutz, Dorman, English
Electric, Fairbanks-Morse, Ford, Gardener, Hatz, Intrepid, Isuzu, Mack,
MAN, Mitsubishi, Moteurs Baudouin, MTU, Murphy, Nissan, Nohab, Onan,
Paxman, Ruston, Stork/Werkspoor, Volvo, Wartsilla/Wichman,
Waukesha/Scania, White, Yanmar.
55
10W
56
20
40
30
50
10W-30
15W-40
XL
15W-40
XL
0W-30
XL
10W-40
SYNTHETIC
5W-40
*Detroit Diesel recommends an SAE 40 grade only for 2-stroke cycle engines, except where starting aids are not available or at very cold temperatures, when the use of an SAE 15W-40 or SAE 30 will facilitate starting.
**DURON SYNTHETIC 5W-40 meets the low ash requirement of CAT ECF-1.
API CI-4 PLUS

API CI-4
API CH-4/CG-4
API CF
API CF-2
API SJ
API SH
API SL
GLOBAL DHD-1
JASO DH-1
Mack EO-M/EO-M Plus
Mack EO-N Premium Plus
Mack EO-N Premium Plus 03
U.S. CID A-A-52306
Ford M2C171-D
Ford M2C171-C
General Motors 9985930
Caterpillar SEBU 6385
Caterpillar ECF-1**
Caterpillar 3600
Allison C-4/Caterpillar TO-2
JASO MA
Cummins CES 20071
Cummins CES 20072
Cummins CES 20076
Cummins CES 20077
Cummins CES 20078
Deere 6466A
Detroit Diesel Power Guard 93K214
Detroit Diesel, 7SE270 2-Stroke Cycle*
Detroit Diesel, 7SE270 4-Stroke Cycle
Detroit Diesel, 7SE273 (Series 2000/4000)
Volvo VDS-2
Volvo VDS-3
MB 228.1/MB 228.3
MB 229.1
MAN 271, MAN 3275
MTL 5044 (MTU Type 1&2)
VW 501/505
ACEA E2, E7, (E3, E5)
ACEA A3/B3, A3/B4
TABLE AL-1
DURON Heavy Duty Engine Oils are suitable for applications requiring the following specifications:
XHD 15W-40 ENGINE OIL

XHD 15W-40 is a cost effective, heavy duty engine oil formulated for use in
engines powered by diesel, gasoline, propane and compressed natural gas
(CNG).
SAE Grade
Viscosity cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUS @ 100F
SUS @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
Cold Crank Viscosity, cP @ C
Border Line Pumping Viscosity, cP @ C
Phosphorus, % Wt
Sulfur, % Wt
Sulphated Ash, % Wt
Total Base No.
15W-40
117.7
15.4
607
81
138
233/451
-42/-44
5406@ -20
19,336@ -25
1.18
9
Meets: API CI-4, CH-4, CG-4, CF-4, CF / SL, Ford M2C171-D, Detroit Diesel
7SE270, Cummins 20078, 3810375, Mack E0-M Plus, Caterpillar
ECF-1, Allison C-4, Caterpillar T0-2.
DIESELTONIC MOTOR OIL

Petro-Canada Dieseltonic Motor Oil is a special, single grade, low ash engine
oil intended for use in all models of 2-stroke cycle Detroit Diesel engines,
including the Series 149, operated in fleet, construction and stationary
applications.
Dieseltonic
40
131
14.2
684
76
108
251/484
-24/-11
SAE Grade
Viscosity cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUS @ 100F
SUS @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
Phosphorus, % Wt
Sulfur, % Wt
Sulphated Ash, % Wt
Total Base No.
0.7
8
Meets: API CF-2, CF, Detroit Diesel 7SE270 (2-Stroke), Detroit

Diesel 6V92TA.
57
SENTRON - NATURAL GAS ENGINE OIL

SENTRON Oils are premium performance, long life, engine oils specifically
designed to lubricate large natural gas engines and their integrated
compressors, running at gas plants and pipe-line compression stations, as well
as in co-generation, landfill and sewage gas operations.
SENTRON Oils are formulated with three different sulphated ash levels, i.e:
SENTRON 541C .................................. Ashless - less than 0.1% wt ash
SENTRON 445, MG-440, 470
LD 5000, FLEET 10W-40 ................. Low Ash - 0.1 to 0.6% wt ash
SENTRON 840, CG-40 ......................... Medium Ash - 0.6 to 1.0 % wt ash
SENTRON 541C
SENTRON 541C is an SAE 40 oil containing an ashless additive package and
is the prime recommendation for 2-stroke cycle engines, but may also be used
in certain 4-stroke cycle engines.
SENTRON 445
SENTRON 445 is a low ash SAE 40 oil that gives excellent performance in
most 4-stroke cycle gas engines and is also recommended for some 2-stroke
cycle engines. It may also be recommended for high power engines that
encounter high temperatures and heat soak conditions. SENTRON 445 is suitable for use in engines equipped with catalytic converters.
SENTRON MG-440
SENTRON MG-440 is a low ash, multigrade (15W-40) version of SENTRON
445. The multigrade feature permits faster starting and improved lubricant flow
at low ambient temperatures. SENTRON MG-440 is suitable for use in
engines fitted with catalytic converters.
SENTRON 470
SENTRON 470 is a low ash SAE 40 oil especially designed for severe service conditions imposed by high power output and extreme heat-soak. An
additive boost provides the extra performance required for severe service
applications, including high output turbocharged engines with high exhaust
gas temperatures. SENTRON 470 is suitable for use in engines equipped with
catalytic converters.
SENTRON LD 5000
SENTRON LD 5000 is a low ash that is recommended for use in Caterpillar,
Superior, Waukesha and other turbocharged, naturally aspirated and lean
burn engine that require low ash natural engine oil. It incorporates additives
for the extra performance required for severe service applications, including
high output, turbocharged engines that encounter high exhaust gas temperatures. SENTRON LD 5000 provides revolutionary performance for up to 200%
and longer drain interval and exceptional overall engine protection for maximum reliability and savings.
58
SENTRON FLEET 10W-40

SENTRON FLEET 10W-40 is a low ash oil that is recommended for use in natural gas fuelled engines in oil and gas extraction that require high zinc for
improved valve train wear control. It is also recommended for agricultural irrigation. Best for cold starts.
SENTRON 840
SENTRON 840 is a medium ash SAE 40 oil, that is recommended for use in
4-stroke cycle gas engines.
SENTRON CG-40
SENTRON CG-40 is a medium ash SAE 40 oil, that is specifically designed for
4-stroke cycle gas engines running in severe service, such as co-generation,
landfill, or sewage gas operations. SENTRON CG-40 gives exceptional performance in turbo-charged, lean-burn and naturally aspirated gas engines, as
well. It is suitable for use in engines equipped with catalytic converters.
SENTRON
541C
Ash Type
Sulphated
Ash, % Wt
SAE Grade
Viscosity,
cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUV @ 100F
SUV @ 210F
Pour Point, C/F
Total Acid No.
Total Base No.
Ashless
LD
5000
Low
0.05
40
125
13.5
579
72
-21/-6
0.7
1.6
470
Low
MG
440
Low
445
Low
FLEET CG-40
840
10W-40
Low
Medium Medium
0.57
40
0.51
40
0.45
15W-40
0.45
40
0.50
10W-40
0.92
40
0.73
40
124
13.4
575
71
-30/-22
1.1
4.9
124
13.3
575
71
-24/-11
1.6
5.7
105
14.2
487
75
-33/-27
0.9
5.0
126
13.4
584
71
-24/-11
0.6
5.0
102
14.7
473
76.7
-33/-27
1.6
5.1
128
13.3
593
71
-24/-11
0.7
8.5
120
13.1
556
71
-24/-11
2.0
5.3
Sentron Oils Selection Chart follows on next page
59
SENTRON OILS SELECTION CHART
Manufacturers
Ash Level
Requirements
<0.1%
Manufacturer
Engine Type
Engine Model
Recommendation
Ajax
(Cooper Energy Service)
2-stroke cycle
All Ashless
preferred
Caterpillar
4-stroke cycle
3000 Series etc.
0.4% min
0.6% max
SENTRON 445, MG440, 470

LD5000
C.E.S. Superior
4-stroke cycle
All except 1700

and 2400
0.5 to 1.0%
SENTRON 840, CG40, 470,

LD5000
SENTRON 541C
4-stroke cycle
1700 and 2400
0.4% to 0.6%
SENTRON 445, MG440, 470, LD5000
Clark Brothers
(Dresser Ind.)
2-stroke cycle
All
Ashless (Low
Ash Acceptable)
SENTRON 541C
SENTRON 445, MG440, 470, LD5000
Cooper Bessemer
2-stroke cycle
All Ashless
Preferred
<0.1%
SENTRON 541C
4-stroke cycle
All
Low Ash
SENTRON 445, MG440, 470, LD5000
4-stroke cycle
L10
<0.5%
SENTRON 440
4-stroke cycle
G, GTA
0.85 max
SENTRON 445, MG440, 840, 470

LD5000
Cummins
Deutz MWM
Guascor
4-stroke cycle
Group D
0.5% max.
SENTRON 445, MG440, 470, LD5000
4-stroke cycle
Group F
0.5% to .075%
SENTRON 840
4-stroke cycle
All
0.9% max.
SENTRON 445, 840, CG40, LD5000

MG440, 470
Iveco
4-stroke cycle
All
0.45% max.
SENTRON 445, MG440
Ingersoll-Rand
(Dresser Ind.)
4-stroke cycle
Category I
Approval based on
field performance
SENTRON 541C
SENTRON 445, MG440, LD5000
4-stroke cycle
Category II - III
Approval based on
field performance
SENTRON 445, CG40

MG440, 470, LD5000
Jenbacher
4-stroke cycle
Leanox
0.6% 1.0% max
SENTRON CG40, LD5000
4-stroke cycle
Lambda I and
All Leanox
<0.5%
SENTRON 445, 470
M.E.P., Fairbanks Morse
2-stroke cycle
4-stroke cycle
All
0.2% to 0.5%
SENTRON 445, MG440, 470
MAN
4-stroke cycle
All
0.4 to 0.7%
SENTRON 445, MG440, 470, LD5000
Perkins
4-stroke cycle
All
0.5% min 1.0% max SENTRON 840, CG40, 470, LD5000

0.5% max
Ulstein Bergen
4-stroke cycle
All
Wrtsil
4-stroke cycle
0.3% min 0.6% max SENTRON 445, MG440, 470, LD5000

150 SG, 175 SG,
25 SG, 28 SG, 34 SG
Waukesha Engine Div.

(Dresser Ind.)
4-stroke cycle
VSG F11 G,
GSI, GSID
0.35% 1.0%
SENTRON 445, 840, CG40, LD5000

MG440, 470
4-stroke cycle
F817, F1197
0.35% 1.0%
SENTRON 445, 840, CG40, LD5000

MG440, 470
4-stroke cycle
Clinton G2476,
L3711, L3712,
H2475, F1850, H884
Ashless preferred
SENTRON 541C, 445,

MG440, 470, LD5000
4-stroke cycle
VHP F2895, F3521,

L5108, L5790, L7042, 0.35% 1.0%1
P9390 G, GL, GLD
4-stroke cycle
VGF, F-18, H24

L36, P48 G, GSI, GL
4-stroke cycle
VGF, F-18, H24

L36, P48, GSID
0.35% 0.55%1
Primary - SENTRON 445, MG440, 470

Secondary- SENTRON 840
0.45% -
SENTRON 445, MG440, 470
1.0%1
Primary - SENTRON 445,CG40, LD5000

MG440, 470
Secondary - SENTRON 840
AT 25/27 8L GL
AT 25/27 12L GL
AT 25/27 16V GL
0.35%
4-stroke cycle
VHP F3524, L5794,

L7044 GSI
L5774, L5794 LT
0.45% 0.75%1
60
Primary - SENTRON 445,

CG40, LD5000, MG440, 470
0.75%1
4-stroke cycle
0.1% wt. Zn max. is recommended.
SENTRON 445, MG440, 470
Primary - SENTRON 445, MG440,

470, LD5000
61
SENTRON Gas Engine Oil

Or Compressor Oil RP 268
Increase rate1 25%

Increase rate1 50%

Increase rate1 25%

Increase rate1 50%

Increase rate1 100%
Or SPX 5000
Carbon Dioxide
>2% but <10%
Carbon Dioxide >10%
H2S >2% but <30%
H2S >30%
Propane Refrigerant

Increase rate1 200%
Or SPX 5000
Compressor Oil RP 268

Increase rate1 100%

Increase rate1 50%

Increase rate1 100%

Increase rate1 50%

Increase rate1 50%

Increase rate1 25%
1000<>2000 psig
(70<>140 bar-g)
SPX 5000

Increase rate1 150%

Increase rate1 100%

Increase rate1 200%
Or SPX 5000

Increase rate1 100%
Or SPX 5000
Compressor Oil 460

Increase rate1 100%

Increase rate1 50%
2000<>3500 psig
(140<>240 bar-g)

Increase rate1 500%
Or SPX 7000

Increase rate1 300%
Or SPX 7000
The above information should be regarded as guidelines only. For recommendations specific to your compressor and operating conditions, please contact a Petro-Canada Technical Services Advisor.
If the recommended lubricants or flow rates do not appear to work, flow rates and/or lubricant types may need to be changed.
SPX 5000

Increase rate1 500%
Or SPX 7000

Increase rate1 200%
Or SPX 7000
SPX 5000
SPX 5000
SPX 5000
SPX 5000
SPX 5000
SPX 5000

Increase rate1 200%
Or SPX 5000

Increase rate1 100%
Or SPX 5000
SPX 5000
>5000 psig
(345 bar-g)
3500<>5000 psig
(240<>345 bar-g)
Lubrication Rate Increases: The recommendation to increase rate is relative to the Base Case Pipeline Quality Natural Gas at <1000 psig.

Increase rate1 25%
Natural Gas with Water

and Heavy Hydrocarbons
including conditions where
Methane <90%,
H2S >0.7%, or
Propane >8%

Base Case
<1000 psig (70 bar-g)
Pipeline Quality
Natural Gas
Gas Stream
RECIPROCATING COMPRESSOR CYLINDER PACKING LUBE OIL

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR VARIOUS GAS STREAM COMPONENTS
RALUBE LOCOMOTIVE DIESEL ENGINE OIL

Ralube oils are designed to lubricate large medium-speed diesel engines
driving railroad locomotives, marine vessels and electric-power generators.
Ralube oils incorporate the latest chlorine-free additive chemistry, which gives
improved oxidation resistance, wear protection and deposit control.
Ralube oils are designed to provide the superior deposit control necessary for
severe railroad service. In addition, by minimizing engine deposits, they allow
maximum oil drain intervals to be achieved without any compromise in engine
durability.
Ralube oils are zinc-free for compatibility with silver plated or silver alloy bearings. Ralube oils have been tested and approved in railroad service, in close
co-operation with the major locomotive engine builders such as General
Motors Electro-Motive Division, General Electric and ALCO. General Motors
Electro-Motive Division and General Electric list these oils as approved for use
in their equipment.
Ralube
40 CF
40
146
14.6
766
78
98
257/495
-3/+27
1.4
13.6
SAE Grade
Viscosity cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUS @ 100F
SUS @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
Sulphated Ash, % Wt
Total Base No.
62
1740 CF
40
146
14.7
766
78
99
257/495
- 6/ +21
1.8
17.9
MARINE DIESEL ENGINE LUBRICANTS

Petro-Canada markets five lines of marine diesel engine lubricants, which are
licensed from BP Marine.
ENERGOL DL-MP MULTI-PURPOSE DIESEL ENGINE LUBRICANT
Energol DL-MP is recommended for the crankcase lubrication of medium
speed trunk piston engines, operating with ISO 8217 type DMA / DMB / DMC
distillate fuels. It may also be used in the crankcase of cross-head marine
engines and has the necessary performance for the latest camless designs.
However, Engergol OE-HT 30 remains the primary recommendation system
oil for crosshead diesel engines.
Energol DL-MP is formulated with an appropriate detergency / dispersancy
characteristics ensuring a high level of engine crankcase cleanliness which
meets API CD performance level.
Energol DL-MP is formulated with a total base number (TBN) of 9, which
provides a stable level of alkalinity that is more than adequate to deal with the
combustion products of distillate fuels.
Energol DL-MP
30
40
30
40
100
138
11.5
14.0
520
723
65
75
224/435
230/446
-15/ +5
-9/+16
9
9
SAE Grade
Viscosity cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUV @ 100F
SUV @ 210F
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
Total Base No.
ENERGOL IC-HFX CRANKCASE/CYLINDER LUBRICANT

FOR MEDIUM SPEED DIESEL ENGINES
Energol IC-HFX is designed for the lubrication of the crankcase and cylinders
of medium-speed trunk piston engines, burning residual fuels.
The detergency properties of Energol IC-HFX minimize the carbon and varnish
deposits resulting from residual fuel combustion and in particular overcome
black paint and its associated problems. Good dispersancy enables insoluble
combustion products to be removed by centrifuging or filtration.
Energol IC-HFX oils come in two alkalinity levels (30 and 40 TBN) to cope with
different fuel sulphur levels.
Energol IC-HFX
303
30
11.5
65
254/489
-12/+10
30
SAE Grade
Viscosity cSt @ 100C
SUV @ 210F
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
Total Base No.
63
304
40
14.0
75
270/518
-12/+10
30
ENERGOL DS3 TRUNK PISTON ENGINE LUBRICANT

Energol DS3 is a high detergent diesel engine oil designed for the lubrication
of highly rated, high speed trunk piston engines running on distillate fuels.
Engines of this type are often used to power large fishing and supply boats or
drive diesel generators. Energol DS3 is especially recommended for Volvo
Penta engines used to power pleasure craft and fishing boats.
Energol DS3 is formulated with a detergency level in excess of the requirements
of U.S. MIL-L-2104C and API category CD. The diesel detergency of the
Energol DS3 line is superior to that of Energol DL-MP.
The reserve alkalinity of Energol DS3 (15 TBN) is sufficient for use in most
engines running on distillate fuels containing up to 1.0% sulphur.
Energol DS3
153
30
100
11.5
520
65
>200/>392
-12/ +10
15
SAE Grade
Viscosity cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUV @ 100F
SUV @ 210F
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
Total Base No.
154
40
139
14.0
730
75
>200/>392
-12/+10
15
ENERGOL OE-HT 30 CROSSHEAD ENGINE SYSTEM OIL

Energol OE-HT 30 is a high performance multi-functional alkaline lubricant
designed for use as a crankcase lubricant in all types of low speed marine
crosshead engines.
Energol OE-HT 30 shows high thermal and oxidative stability, which minimizes
oil degradation at high piston undercrown temperatures. Energol OE-HT 30 is
designed with enough detergency to minimize the formation of piston undercrown
deposits on oil cooled pistons. It also contains sufficient alkalinity to
protect against acidic combustion products.
Energol OE-HT 30 may be centrifuged to remove water and insoluble particle
contamination.
Energol
OE-HT 30
30
105
11.5
548
65
230/446
-12/+10
5
SAE Grade
Viscosity cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUV @ 100F
SUV @ 210F
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
Total Base No.
64
ENERGOL CLO 50M CYLINDER LUBRICANT

FOR CROSSHEAD DIESEL ENGINES
Energol CLO 50M is a single phase alkaline oil designed to lubricate the cylinder liners and piston rings of modern, low speed crosshead type, diesel engines
burning residual fuels containing sulphur typically in the range 2.5-3.5%.
Energol CLO 50M is formulated using an ashless dispersant additive, which
ensures maximum engine cleanliness, i.e. ring pack and scavenge space,
which extends the time between routine overhauls.
Energol CLO 50M contains a large reserve of alkalinity (TBN=70), which
provides full protection against corrosion when burning residual fuels.
Energol
CLO 50M
50
225
19.5
1190
98
197/387
- 9/+16
70
SAE Grade
Viscosity cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUV @ 100F
SUV @ 210F
Flash Point, C/ F
Pour Point, C / F
Total Base No.
DURON MARINE DIESEL ENGINE OILS

Petro-Canada DURON* Marine Diesel Engine Oils are designed for crankcase
lubrication of medium and high speed trunk piston engines and of auxiliary
diesels operating on distillate fuels on marine vessels. They may also be
used in the crankcase of cross-head marine engines which have separate
cylinder and crankcase lubrication systems. DURON* Marine Diesel Engine
Oils are recommended for use in the latest-model high powered 2-stroke and
4-stroke cycle diesel engines, including Detroit Diesels, but not for cylinder
lubrication of marine engines operating on residual fuels (not recommended
where good water separating properties are required).
Both SAE grades are formulated to meet API categories CF and CF-2/SJ.
They are also suitable for use where CF-4, CE, CD-II, CD, SH and SG categories are recommended.
DURON Marine Diesel Engine Oils
30
40
30
40
83
131
11.2
14.0
428
684
64
75
123
109
249/480
261/502
-36/-33
-30/-22
1.0
1.0
7.9
7.9
SAE Grade
Viscosity cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUS @ 100F
SUS @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
Sulphated Ash, % Wt
Total Base No.
65
AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION FLUIDS
Automatic Transmission Fluids (ATFs) are among the most complex lubricants
on the market today. Containing as many as 15 components, ATFs represent a
careful balance of properties needed to meet the unique requirements of
automatic transmissions. They may be described as viscometrically similar to
SAE 0W-20 grade oils, but with exceptionally good low temperature properties.
ATFs contain some of the same additives as engine oils, but with additional
material to give special frictional properties and exceptional oxidation resistance.
Because of their excellent low temperature fluidity and antiwear properties, automatic transmission fluids perform well as hydraulic fluids in industrial equipment
and air compressors, provided water separation is not required.
These fluids perform five basic functions:
Transmit hydrodynamic energy in the torque converter.
Transmit hydrostatic energy in hydraulic logic control circuits and
servomechanisms.
Lubricate shaft bearings, thrust bearings, and gears.
Transmit sliding friction energy in bands and clutches.
Act as a heat transfer medium controlling automatic transmission operating
temperatures.
Automatic transmission fluid specifications are in a state of flux and now there are
several types of fluid specified for North American automatic transmissions. The
most widely marketed fluid by far, is DEXRON-III/ MERCON ATF, a friction modified fluid, recommended for transmission top-up or refill, by most automobile manufacturers for late model vehicles. However, the Ford Motor Company requires all its
automatic transmissions, built from 1997 onwards to be serviced with MERCONV
fluid. Daimler Chrysler recommends ATF+3 fluid be used in their transmissions.
Certain Chrysler automatic transmissions, manufactured from 1998 onwards,
require servicing with ATF+4 only - see Chrysler vehicle owners manuals. Ford
Type F, a non friction-modified fluid, is still required for 1979 and earlier Ford or
other older import cars.
PETRO-CANADA ATF DEXRON-III/MERCON

Petro-Canada ATF DEXRON-III/MERCON demonstrates outstanding oxidative and thermal stability, giving extremely long service life under the most
severe operating conditions. The fluids operating range is between 40C and
+160C. It has been tested extensively and meets General Motors specification
6297M and Ford specification M2C185A.
Petro-Canada ATF DEXRON-III/MERCON is designed to meet the severe
requirements of the Allison C-4 and V-730D specifications for transmission/
torque converter fluids. It also meets the Caterpillar T0-2 specification and is
approved for use in Clark Powershift Transmissions down to 30C. It is
approved for use in transmissions manufactured by Renke, Voith and ZF.
Petro-Canada ATF DEXRON-III/MERCON also acts as an excellent hydraulic
fluid and it surpasses the performance of most top quality antiwear hydraulic fluids or motor oils. It is also suitable for use with Sundstrand, Rexnord, Vickers
and Hagglunds-Denison (except certain axial piston) hydraulic pumps.
Petro-Canada ATF DEXRON-III/MERCON is superior to 10W motor oils commonly used in mobile equipment hydraulic systems, because it has a better cold
starting performance, superior materials compatibility and a greater resistance to
oxidation. It may be used in power steering units specifying a DEXRON-III or II
type fluid. It is dyed red for easy identification.
DEXRON-III is a registered trademark of General Motors Corporation
MERCON is a registered trademark of Ford Motor Corporation
ATF+3 is a registered trademark of Chrysler Corporation
ATF+4 is a registered trademark of Chrysler Corporation
66
PETRO-CANADA SYNTHETIC BLEND ATF

Petro-Canada Synthetic Blend ATF exhibits all of the superior qualities listed
above for ATF Dexron-III/MERCON. It meets all of the latest requirements of
the Ford and General Motors including Allison Transmission division. The
combination of MERCONV, MERCON, DEXRONIII and ALLISON C-4
performance in a single fluid, reduces unnecessary duplication, and is particularly
useful in mixed fleets. It is very suitable for severe service or extended drain
applications.
PETRO-CANADA ATF TYPE F

As noted earlier, this fluid differs from ATF DEXRON-III/MERCON in its
frictional properties, as they relate to the design of old, pre-1980, Ford automatic
transmissions. ATF Type F meets requirements of the obsolete Ford specification
ESW-M2C33-F.
AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION FLUID

TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Typical Characteristics of Petro-Canada Synthetic Blend ATF, ATF DEXRONIII/MERCON and ATF Type F are shown below:
Viscosity
cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUS @ 100F
SUS @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Brookfield Viscosity, cP @ - 18C
cP @ - 20C
cP @ - 40C
Pour Point, C / F
Flash Point, C / F
Colour
Petro-Canada
DEXRON-III/
MERCON
34
7.7
171
51.8
210
990
12,100
-51/-60
185/365
Red
Petro-Canada
Type F ATF
41
8.2
207
53
180
970
23,260
-48/-54
204/399
Red
Petro-Canada
Synthetic
Blend ATF
35
7.9
176
52.6
208
900
9,300
-46/-51
187/369
Red
VEHICLE APPLICATIONS
DEXRON-III/MERCON
Petro-Canada ATF DEXRON-III/MERCON is approved for use in General
Motors, and Ford (1980 to 1996) vehicles. It also meets or exceeds the
requirements of:
Alfa Romeo
American Motors
Audi
BMW
Daewoo
Datsun/Nissan
Fiat
Geo
Infiniti
Porsche
Jaguar*
Renault
Lexus
Rover
Mazda
Saturn
Merkur
Saab (4-speed)
Sterling
Mercedes-Benz
Suzuki
Mitsubishi
Subaru
Peugeot
*Except Borg-Warner transmissions
67
Toyota (except 4speed 1981-83)
Volkswagen
Volvo (1984 onwards)
Type F Fluid
Petro-Canada ATF DEXRON-III/MERCON Automatic Transmission Fluid is
not recommended for the vehicles listed below. They require Petro-Canada
Type F Automatic Transmission Fluid.
Ford (1979 & earlier models where Type F fluid is
Saab (3-speed)
Toyota (4-speed 1981-83)
Volvo (1984 BW55 & 1981-83)
specified)
Jaguar (Borg-Warner)
Mazda (1981-85)
(The above listings are only a guide. Consult your vehicle owners manual for specific
recommendations.)
CHRYSLER ATF+3
Chrysler ATF+3 is an automatic transmission fluid specially formulated to
meet the needs of Chrysler automatic transmissions. This highly shear-stable
fluid delivers superior shift performance and wear protection in the Chrysler
transmissions for which it was designed. Meets Chrysler MS-7176 specifications.
Suitable for top-up or complete fluid changes, it may also be used where
earlier Chrysler fluids such as Chrysler ATF+2 were recommended.
Chrysler ATF+3
35
7.5
164
51
183
2500
13,300
-45/-49
210/410
Red
Viscosity cSt @ 40C

cSt @ 100C
SUS @ 100F
SUS @ 210F
Viscosity Index
cP @ - 40C
Pour Point, C / F
Flash Point, C / F
Colour
HEAVY DUTY SYNTHETIC BLEND

Petro-Canadas Heavy Duty Synthetic Blend ATF is suitable for use in heavy
duty fleets for up to 50,000 miles in severe service and 100,000 miles in normal service. Fully qualified against Allison C-4, Caterpillar TO-2, ZF TEML.14.B, Voith G607 & G1363, General Motors DEXRON -III, and Ford
MERCON -V & MERCON specifications. Also, suitable for use in Applications where an Allison TES-295 fluid is specified.
Heavy Duty Synthetic Blend ATF
34
7.6
171
51.3
200
10,500
186/367
Viscosity cSt @ 40C

cSt @ 100C
SUS @ 100F
SUS @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C / F
68
AUTOMOTIVE GEAR OILS

Automotive gear oils protect gears, bearings and cross-shafts from premature
failure, assure reliable equipment operation and increase transmission and
differential service life. Automotive gear oils achieve this by performing the
following three vital functions:
Minimizing friction and wear
A fluid film of oil must be maintained between gear teeth at all times to prevent metal-to-metal contact between gear surfaces under extreme pressure
conditions. Hypoid gear drives are especially tough systems to lubricate,
since the gear contact motion severely shears the oil with sliding as well as
rolling motions and the gears are severely shock loaded.
Providing oxidation stability
A gear oil should resist degradation and sludging so that harmful viscosity
Increase is minimized over time.
Cooling the gear components
Gear components are prevented from destructive over-heating, by
circulating an oil through the bearing and gear mesh zones, where frictional
heat is generated.
Inhibiting rust and corrosion
A gear oil must be non-corrosive to bronze, and protect steel surfaces
against rust, especially when water contamination is present.
Maintaining long clutch life and preventing seal leaks
Clutches used in wet brakes and manual transmissions can become glazed
and lose their function, if gear oils decompose at high temperatures. Gear
oils must, therefore, be thermally stable. Undesirable decomposition products can also coat seals with carbon, causing leakage.
69
GEAR OIL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS

SAE VISCOSITY GRADE
Gear lubricants must flow freely when the axle is cold, yet have sufficient
thickness or viscosity to lubricate at normal operating temperatures.
Axle and transmission lubricant viscosity is indicated in the table below. Each
viscosity grade has distinct criteria for low and high temperature performance.
AXLE AND MANUAL TRANSMISSION
LUBRICANT VISCOSITY CLASSIFICATION
SAE J306 (July 98)
Kin. Viscosity @ 100C
SAE
Max. Temperature
Viscosity
for Viscosity of
Minimum
Maximum
Grade
150,000 cP (C)
cSt1
cSt
70W
55
4.1
75W
40
4.1
80W
26
7.0
85W
12
11.0
80
7.0
<11.0
85
11.0
<13.5
90
13.5
<24.0
140
24.0
<41.0
250
41.0
1Limit
must also be met after testing in 20 hour KRL Shear Stability Test, (CEC L-45-T-93 Method C).
SAE viscosity selection should be based on the minimum and maximum service temperatures. Todays most commonly used gear lubricants are multigraded (e.g. 75W-90, 80W-90 and 85W-140). These fluids meet both the low
and high temperature requirements for the combined grades.
For example, an 80W-90 oil must have the low temperature fluidity of an 80W
as well as the thickness of a 90 grade at higher temperatures.
70
API SERVICE DESIGNATIONS

Automotive gear lubricant performance is defined by the type of service it can
be expected to perform satisfactorily. The API service designations were
developed to assist manufacturers and end-users select gear lubricants for a
variety of operating conditions.
The API service designations range from GL-1 to GL-5 and describe gear lubricants in terms of general type, severity of service and application. The following table lists these designations. Note that GL-6 is now obsolete.
The most commonly specified and available type of automotive gear lubricant
in North America is API GL-5. In Europe and other parts of the world, API
GL-4 oils are used as frequently as API GL-5.
API SERVICE CLASSIFICATION
Classifications
GL-1
Type
Straight mineral oil
(inactive)
Typical Application
Automotive manual
transmissions
GL-2
Usually contains fatty

materials (inactive)
Worm gear drives,

industrial gear oils
GL-3
Contains mild EP additive

(inactive)
Manual transmissions and

spiral bevel final drives
GL-4
Equivalent to obsolete
MIL-L-2105 Specification.
Usually satisfied by 50%
GL-5 additive level
Manual transmissions,
spiral bevel and hypoid
gears where moderate
service prevails
GL-5
Equivalent to present
MIL-PRF-2105E Specification.
Primary field service
recommendation of most
passenger cars and truck
builders worldwide
Used for moderate and

severe service in hypoid
and all other types of
gears. Also may be used in
manual transmissions.
GL-6
(obsolete.)
Severe service involving

high-offset hypoid gears.
MT-1
Formulated to protect
against thermal
degradation, wear and oil
seal degradation
Non-synchronized manual
transmissions, used in
buses and trucks
Each automobile manufacturer has a set of unique test requirements for rear
axle factory-fill. An API GL-5 lubricant generally satisfies the majority of these
requirements and is often recommended for service-fill.
71
LIMITED SLIP DIFFERENTIALS
Conventional differentials have a major drawback in that the same torque is

applied to both wheels, regardless of traction conditions. Thus, if one wheel is
on a surface with low enough traction for the applied torque to exceed the
traction, that wheel will break loose and spin until it is revolving at twice the
speed of the ring gear and the other wheel has stopped turning. All the power
will then be delivered to the spinning wheel and no power will be transmitted
to the wheel with traction. Limited slip or torque biasing, and locking type
differentials have been developed to overcome this problem.
Limited slip differentials found on passenger cars all operate on the same
principle. Clutches are inserted between the side gears and the case. When
the clutches are engaged they lock the side gears to the case and prevent the
differential action. Either stacked plate or cone type clutches are used for this
purpose.
Torque biasing or locking differentials are used on trucks and off-highway
. Some locking differentials lock and unlock automatically, while others are
arranged so the operator can lock them when full traction is needed at both
driving wheels.
Petro-Canada TRAXON* E Synthetic 75W-90 EP and TRAXON* E Synthetic
80W-140 are generally recommended for filling limited slip differentials, see
page 77.
MACK GO-J & GO-J PLUS SPECIFICATIONS

(SAE 75W-90, 80W-90, 80W-140 & 85W-140 grades)
Manufacturers of trucks and components play an important role in designing
the quality and performance level of the lubricants available to their customers.
The truck gear performance requirements that have become quite important in
the past few years are the up-graded API GL-5 requirements .... Mack GO-J
and Mack GO-J Plus. Mack GO-J is designed to deliver 250,000 mile /2 year
drain intervals and Mack GO-J Plus 500,000 mile/3 year drain intervals,
both in over-the-road service. To qualify for a Mack GO-J or Mack GO-J Plus
listing, an oil must pass all the tests required for a MIL-PRF-2105E approval,
and in addition satisfy three further tests:
The Mack Power Divider Snap Test (MAT 700 WI), which measures an oils
ability to minimize noise and reduce the wear of cams and wedges in a
Mack Power Divider differential.
The Mack Transmission Cycling Test (ASTM D5579), which measures the
ability of an oil to prevent glazing and clogging of gear synchronizer plates,
requires a Mack GO-J oil to provide satisfactory shifting after 65,000 cycles
and a Mack GO-J Plus, extended drain oil, to provide satisfactory shifting
after 97,500 cycles.
Mack Truck requires these additional performance levels above API GL-5,
because of the continuing increase in truck engine power. Truck drive-lines in
the late 1990s handle power loads that are nearly three times what they were
in the early 1960s, when API GL-5 was first developed.
72
TRAXON* GEAR OIL

TRAXON* is Petro-Canadas premium multi-grade line of gear oils. TRAXON
gear oils are specially formulated to provide excellent shear stability and
longer oil life for superior long-lasting protection to help you extend equipment
life and reduce downtime and maintenance costs.
TRAXON gear oils are designed for use in most manual transmissions,
differentials, power take-off units and final drives found on passenger cars,
trucks, and off-highway vehicles used in construction, farm, forestry and
mining operations.
TRAXON gear oils meet API GL-5 and MT-1 requirements and are designed
to meet or exceed the SAE J2360 Global Standard.
TRAXON gear oils are suitable for most oil lubricated universal joints, wheel
bearings, planetary gear sets, steering gears as well as certain industrial gear
reducers requiring GL-3, GL-4, or GL-5 oils.
Due to specific lubrication requirements TRAXON gear oils must not be used
in:
Automatic Transmissions
Powershift Transmissions
Hydrostatic drives and systems that include the lubrication of wet clutches
and brakes
Manual Transaxles on front wheel drive vehicles where an automatic
transmission fluid or engine oil is specified
Spicer Manual Transmissions where single grade engine oils are specified
TRAXON* 80W-90 HIGH PERFORMANCE PROTECTION

TRAXON 80W-90 provides superior long-lasting protection for reduced
downtime and maintenance costs.
Outstanding shear stability which ensures retention of viscosity to protect
equipment against metal-to-metal contact and wear, especially in higher
temperatures
Resists degradation and sludging for longer oil life with fewer change-outs
and better protection of gears
Approved against MIL-PRF-2105E and Mack GO-J specifications
73
TRAXON* XL SYNTHETIC BLEND 75W-90

PREMIUM PROTECTION
TRAXON XL Synthetic Blend 75W-90 provides the same great superior
long-lasting protection as TRAXON 80W-90 plus you also get better low
temperature protection and more efficient operating performance which can
ultimately lead to lower fuel consumption.
Excellent shear stability which ensures retention of viscosity to protect
equipment against metal-to-metal contact and wear, especially in high
temperatures
Excellent resistance to degradation and sludging for longer oil life with fewer
change-outs and better protection of gears
Excellent temperature protection for cold weather conditions which means
better gear protection at cold temperatures and easier start-ups and cold
weather shifting
Better torque efficiency vs. GL-5 80W-90s (from 20C to 45C at moderate
loads) for reduced friction and lubricant drag and a smoother, more efficient
operating performance which may lead to lower fuel consumption
TRAXON* SYNTHETIC 75W-90

ULTIMATE ALL SEASON PROTECTION
TRAXON Synthetic 75W-90 offers your equipment the same remarkable
package as TRAXON XL Synthetic Blend plus it also provides your gears with
outstanding temperature protection in extreme cold weather conditions for
assurance that your equipment is protected in the most extreme conditions.
equipment against metal-to-metal contact and wear, especially in high
temperatures
Temperature protection in extreme cold weather conditions which means
easier start-ups and cold weather shifting plus the peace-of-mind in knowing
that your equipment is protected in the most extreme conditions
Better torque efficiency vs. GL-5 80W-90s (from 20C to 45C at moderate
loads) for reduced friction and lubricant drag and a smoother, more efficient
operating performance which may lead to lower fuel consumption
Recommended where a Mack GO-J or MIL-PRF-2105E specification is
required.
74
Viscosity
TRAXON XL
Synthetic Blend
75W-90
107
16.5
544
85
168
183/361
-42/ -44
TRAXON
80W-90
140
15.1
733
79.3
109
215/419
-33/ -27
cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUS @ 100F
SUS @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
Low Temperature
Viscosity, cP @ C/F
132,000@ -26/-15 138,000@ -40/-40
Phosphorus, % Wt
0.10
0.11
Sulphur, % Wt
1.94
2.12
75
TRAXON
Synthetic
75W-90
99.6
16.5
462
84
179
173/345
-51/-60
67,200@ -40/-40
0.11
1.79
Petro-Canadas TRAXON line includes 140 weight oils for situations where
tough, high-load, high operating temperatures are encountered and where a
SAE 140 GL-5 gear oil is required.
TRAXON* 85W140 HIGH PERFORMANCE PROTECTION

Outstanding shear stability and anti-wear EP additives protects equipment in
tough, high-load, high operating temperature conditions for extended
equipment life and reduced maintenance costs
Excellent resistance to degradation and sludging for longer oil life to reduce
maintenance costs and increase uptime
TRAXON* XL SYNTHETIC BLEND 80W140

PREMIUM PROTECTION
equipment against metal-to-metal contact and wear, especially in tough,
high-load, extreme high operating conditions
Superior resistance to degradation and sludging vs. GL-5 85W-140 oils for
longer lasting oil life which helps reduce maintenance costs and increase
uptime
Better torque efficiency vs. mineral based GL-5 85W-140 oils (20C to 45C
at moderate loads) for reduced friction and lubricant drag and a smoother,
more efficient operating performance which may lead to lower fuel
consumption
Recommended where a MIL-PRF-2105E or Mack GO-J specification is
required
cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUS @ 100F
SUS @ 212F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
Low Temperature
Viscosity, cP @ C/F
Phosphorus, % Wt
Sulphur, % Wt
TRAXON
XL Synthetic Blend
85W-140
80W-140
344
255
25.6
25.2
1835
1333
126
124
97
127
214/417
193/379
-15/ +5
-36/-33
Viscosity
62,000@ -12/10
0.09
2.00
76
105,200@ -26/-15
0.09
1.84
TRAXON E Synthetic is Petro-Canadas line of Eaton-Approved synthetic gear

and transmission lubricants. They are recommended for those customers who
need to maintain an Eaton/Roadranger extended warranty. The line consists
of three products:
TRAXON E Synthetic 75W-90 and 80W-140

Contain extreme pressure additives and are specially formulated to operate
under a variety of load conditions and protect gears and bearings against
rust, corrosion and oxidation
Exceptional resistance to oxidation for longer lubricant life which extends
drain intervals between change-outs for maximized oil life and less
downtime
High viscosity indices, good low temperature properties and extremely
low channel points provide superior protection over a wide range of
temperatures for increased productivity
Possible improved fuel mileage capability provides reduced costs
TRAXON E Synthetic CD-50

Provides superior year-round performance where a non-EP lubricant is
required
Contains an anti-wear additive, as well as rust, oxidation and corrosion
inhibitors to protect vital transmission parts in severe heat, oxidation and
shear conditions
Less transmission friction and drag helps increase fuel economy
Long lubricant life provides extended drain capabilities for less change-outs
and reduced maintenance
Viscosity, cSt @ 40C

cSt @ 100C
SUS @ 100F
SUS @ 212F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C/F
Pour Point, C/F
Brookfield Viscosity,
cP @ -10C/+14F
cP @ -18C/0F
cP @ -20C/-4F
cP @ -26C/-15F
cP @ -30C/-22F
cP @ -40C/-40F
75W-90
137
16.5
710
85
152
207/404
<-45/<-49
7,125
143,000
77
TRAXON E Synthetic
80W-140
285
31.2
1480
151
150
207/404
-36/-33
71,200
CD-50
138
18.0
711
92
154
235/455
<-40/<-40
3,850
11,650
45,250
DURATRAN - TRACTOR TRANSMISSION-HYDRAULIC

FLUID
The Duratran line of heavy duty transmission-hydraulic fluids is designed for

use in farm tractors with a common oil system for transmission, differential,
hydraulic, power take-off, wet brake and power-steering mechanisms.
Compared to competitive tractor fluids, Duratran fluids offer:
Outstanding resistance to breakdown caused by oxidation and high
temperatures
Formulated with our HT Severely Hydrocracked base oils and special
oxidation inhibitors, Duratran fluids strongly resist sludge and varnish buildup, as well as fluid thickening and so extend fluid change intervals
considerably.
Protection against transmission gear wear
Duratran fluids exceed John Deere Extreme Pressure (EP) and Final Drive
Gear Wear test requirements and perform well in the demanding Vickers
hydraulic pump wear test. These features provide excellent wear protection
to bearings and gears under demanding, shock-loaded operating
conditions.
Exceptional Low Temperature Performance
Formulated with our HT Severely Hydrocracked base oils, Duratran fluids
demonstrate exceptional low temperature fluidity, which allows easier cold
weather starting of farm equipment, even at very low temperatures.
Duratran XL Synthetic Blend and Duratran Synthetic may be used at
temperatures below - 40C.
Controlled Frictional Properties
Duratran fluids have superior shear stability and the correct balance of
lubricity and friction for the optimal operation of brakes, clutches and
power-take off mechanisms. This prevents brake noise and lengthens
component life.
Duratran
Duratran
Duratran
XL Synthetic Blend
Synthetic
Viscosity cSt @ 40C
60.1
39.7
46.8
cSt @ 100C
9.5
8.3
10.0
SUS@ 100F
307
201
235
SUS@ 210F
57.9
53.6
62.4
Viscosity Index
141
192
207
Brookfield Viscosity, cP @ - 20C 2670
1150
1260
cP @ - 35C 23,700
cP @ - 40C 61,200
14,900
15,740
Pour Point, C / F
-45/-49
-51/-60
-45/-49
Flash Point, C / F
239/462
225/437
225/437
Total Base No.
10.6
10.6
10.0
78
Duratran meets the requirements of John Deere specification J20C while

Duratran XL Synthetic Blend meets the requirements of John Deere specification J20D. Duratran Synthetic meets both John Deere specification J20C and
J20D. All three Duratran fluids also meet or exceed the field-performance
requirements of all North American tractor manufacturers, as well as manufacturers from elsewhere in the world. Duratran fluids are recommended, where
the following specifications are called for:
Farm Tractors
John Deere ............................ J20C (Duratran, Duratran Synthetic); J20D
(Duratran XL Synthetic Blend, Duratran Synthetic)
Case I.H. ................................ MS 1207, MS 1210/JIC 145, MS 1230,
MS 1205, MS 1206, MS 1204/JIC 185,
JIC 145, JIC 144, JIC 143, B5, B6
New Holland Group ................ FNHA-2-C-201.00, FNHA-2-200A (134D),
FNHA-2-C-200.00, M2C134-D, M2C134A/B/C, M2C86-B, M2C53-A, M2C48-B
White Farm Equipment .......... Q-1826, Q-1802, Q-1766B, Q-1722, Q-1705
Massey-Ferguson .................. M-1141, M-1135, M-1129-A, M-1127-A/B,
M-1110, M2C 134D
AGCO / Deutz-Allis / Allis........ Power Fluid 821XL, 257541, 272843,
246634
Kubota, Steiger, Versatile, Landini, Hesston-Fiat, Oliver
Transmissions and Differentials
API GL-4 (Manual Transmissions, Spiral Bevel Axles, and Hypoid gears in
moderate service)
Allison C-4 and C-3
Caterpillar TO-2
Sundstrand Hydrostatic Transmission Fluid
Dresser Construction Equipment Division
Clark Lift Truck Transmission Fluid TA12, TA18, HR 500, HR 600
Hydraulic Pumps
Abex-Denison HF-0, HF-1 and HF-2
Sperry-Vickers M-2950-S, 1-286-S
Eaton Hydraulics
Plessey-Sundstrand
79
PRODURO TO-4+ TRANSMISSION/DRIVE TRAIN OIL

PRODURO TO-4+ products are a line of Transmission and Drive Train Oils
(TDTO) formulated to exceed Caterpillars TO-4 requirements for transmission
and drive line fluids.
PRODURO TO-4+ oils are available in five viscosity grades: SAE 10W, 30, 50,
XL Lo Temp and Synthetic All-Season. The latter two products contain special
base-stocks which confer multigrade capability equivalent to 0W20 and 5W30
respectively. They have been fully tested and comply with the performance requirements of Caterpillar TO-4 and Allison C-4. They are recommended for use in
manual transmissions and drive lines, where a TO-4 oil is recommended or to
replace TO-2 oils.
PRODURO TO-4+
XL Synthetic
Blend
30
50
LoTemp
74
194
35
9.9
17.4
7.4
382
1020
178
59
89
50
115
96
184
257/495
253/487
209/408
-30/-22
-12/10
-51/-60
Synthetic
SAE Grade
10W
All-Season
Viscosity cSt @ 40C
38
57
cSt @ 100C
6.5
10.5
SUV @ 100F 195
287
SUV @ 210F 47
62
Viscosity Index
124
180
Flash Point, C / F
239/462
219/426
Pour Point, C / F
-33/-27
-45/-49
Cold Crank
Viscosity, cP @ C / F 3220@ -25/-13 5250@ -20/-4 9390@ -10/14 4400@ -35/-31 5780@ -30/-22
Brookfield
Viscosity, cP @ C / F 48,100@ -35/-31 29,950@ -25/-13 39,200@ -15/5 12,880@ -40/-40 13,380@ -35/-31
Performance Level
Caterpillar
Caterpillar
Caterpillar
Caterpillar
Caterpillar
TO-4
TO-4
TO-4
TO-4
TO-4
Allison C-4 Allison C-4 Allison C-4
Allison C-4
API CD
API CD
API CD
API CD
API GL-3
API GL-3
API GL-3
API GL-3
80
Specific Produro TO-4 SAE viscosity grade recommendations* are as follows:

Ambient Temperature
Application
SAE Grade
C
F
Powershift Manual Transmission
0W-20
40 to +10
40 to +50
5W-30
35 to +35
31 to +95
10W
24 to +10
11 to +50
30
10 to +35
+14 to +95
50
0 to +50
+32 to +122
Hydrostatic Transmissions
0W-20
40 to +40
40 to +104
5W-30
35 to +40
31 to +104
10W
24 to +40
11 to +104
Hydraulic Systems
0W-20
40 to +40
40 to +104
5W-30
35 to +50
31 to +122
10W
24 to +50
11 to +122
30
0 to +50
+32 to +122
Final Drive Differential Gear Boxes
0W-20
45 to 0
49 to +32
(except for off-highway trucks,
5W-30
38 to +25
36 to +77
large wheel loaders and large
10W
34 to 0
29 to +32
wheel tractors)
30
31 to +25
24 to +77
50
17 to +50
+1 to +122
Final Drive Gear Boxes (off-highway
0W-20
45 to 10
49 to +14
trucks, wheel loaders, wheel tractors) 5W-30
38 to +15
36 to +59
10W
34 to 10
29 to +14
30
31 to +15
24 to +59
50
17 to +50
+1 to +122
81
PRODURO FD-1 60 FINAL DRIVE AND AXLE LUBRICANT

Produro FD-1 60 is the primary recommendation for the final drives and axles
of Caterpillar off-highway equipment, especially those that operate under
severe conditions. Produro FD-1 60 provides improved gear and bearing life in
final drives and axles and can be used in final drives and axles that previously
specified TO-4 lubricants and do not contain friction material and / or wet
brakes. Produro FD-1 60 should not be used in compartments containing
friction material unless a FD-1 type of product is specified. This product is not
for use in engines, transmission or hydraulic systems.

Produro FD-1 60
60
341
26.7
1809
131
104
297/567
-24/-11
25,400@-10/50
SAE Grade
Viscosity cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUV @ 100F
SUV @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
Brookfield Viscosity, cP @ C / F
82
TWO-CYCLE ENGINE OILS

Petro-Canadas family of two-cycle engine oils is designed to give excellent
performance in both air-cooled and water-cooled two-stroke cycle engines
operating under all conditions. These oils are especially formulated for use in
oil injection as well as conventional pre-mixed gasoline/oil lubricated 2-cycle
engines.
Petro-Canada two-cycle engine oils contain high performance additives, which
give superior anti-scuff and anti-wear performance to ensure reliability, internal
cleanliness and long engine life. The additive systems used produce minimal
spark plug, ring, piston and valve deposits and so allow good starting and
continued efficient engine operation.
Petro-Canada two-cycle engine oils also contain special rust inhibitors with a
high film strength, which protect engines against rust during use and in storage.
Basic manufacturers recommendations should be followed so as to obtain
maximum protection during prolonged storage. Care should be taken not to
mix 2-cycle oils from different manufacturers.
SNOWMOBILE MOTOR OIL

Snowmobile Motor Oil is a premium low ash, two-stroke cycle engine oil for
use in all conventional pre-mix fuel/oil, as well as oil injection lubricated snowmobile engines where an API TC Oil is called for. It is also suitable for chain
saws, lawn mowers, motorcycles, mopeds, and generators. Snowmobile Motor
Oil has the following features:
Low Ash formula for high performance engines
Minimizes pre-ignition
Suitable for oil injection (to - 40C), as well as pre-mix fuel/oil lubricated engines
Excellent performance at all fuel/oil ratios specified by Original Equipment
Manufacturers (OEMs)
Good anti-wear protection
Mixes and pumps readily to - 40C
Protects against varnish deposits
Optimum performance in severe climates
Resists rust and corrosion
Snowmobile Motor Oil meets: API Classification TC, ISO E-GB, JASO FB and
SAE Fluidity/Miscibility (F/M) Grade 4.
2-CYCLE MOTOR OIL

2-Cycle Motor Oil is a multipurpose two-stroke cycle engine oil, for use in conventional pre-mix fuel/oil as well as oil injection lubricated engines powering
motorcycles, mopeds, chain saws, lawn mowers and generator sets where
API TC oil is called for. 2-Cycle Motor Oil has the following features:
Suitable for use in oil injection (to 40C) as well as pre-mix fuel/oil lubricated engines.
Excellent performance at up to 50:1 fuel/oil ratios in air-cooled engines.
Anti-scuff and anti-wear properties to minimize wear.
Excellent rust and corrosion protection.
Mixes readily at low temperatures.
2-Cycle Motor Oil meets API classification TC, ISO E-GB, JASO FB and SAE
Fluidity/Miscibility (F/M) Grade 4.
83
OUTBOARD MOTOR OIL

Outboard Motor Oil is a premium two-stroke cycle engine oil for use in watercooled outboard motors (both large and small power outputs), used at all fuel to
oil ratios specified by the Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs). It is also
suitable for motorcycle and snowmobile engines, where the manufacturer calls
for a NMMA TC-W3 approved oil. Outboard Motor Oil is especially formulated for
oil injected engines. It also meets the SAE Fluidity/Miscibility (F/M) Grade 3.
Outboard Motor Oil has been approved by the National Marine Manufacturers
Association (NMMA) against their TC-W3 specification. Its formulation also
meets the warranty requirements of the following engine manufacturers:
Johnson, Evinrude, Mercury Marine & Chrysler. Outboard Motor Oil has the
following features:
Ashless formula minimizes pre-ignition.
Resists rust and corrosion.
Contains a quick-mix additive.
Reduces engine wear and varnish build-up.
Suitable for oil injection (to -25C/-13F) as well as pre-mixed fuel/oil
lubricated engines.
Reduces smoke emissions.
Typical Characteristics of Petro-Canada Two Cycle Engine Oils are shown below:
Viscosity cSt @ 40C

cSt @ 100C
SUS @ 100F
SUS @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
Brookfield Viscosity, cP @ C
Sulphated Ash, % Wt
Colour
Performance Level
API
NMMA
SAE F/M
JASO
Snowmobile
Motor Oil
21
4.5
110
41
127
152/306
<-54/<-65
11,620@ -40
0.1
Blue/Green
Outboard
Motor Oil
59
9.2
300
57
138
151/304
-51/-60
5,900@ -25
<0.001
Blue/Green
2-Cycle
Motor Oil
21
4.5
110
41
127
152/306
<-54/<-65
11,620 @ -40
0.1
Blue/Green
TC
Grade 4
FB
TC-W3
Grade 3
TC
Grade 4
FB
QUICK MIX CHART
Ratio
Gasoline to Oil
16:1
24:1
32:1
50:1
100:1
Millilitres (mL) Oil Added to

Litres of Gasoline
5 Litres
10 Litres
25 Litres
315
625
1550
210
420
1050
165
315
800
100
200
500
50
100
250
84
INDUSTRIAL LUBRICANTS
Business today places heavy demands on industrial plant and machinery. We
expect equipment to operate at temperatures between -50C and 150C without losing production or increasing maintenance costs. Notwithstanding these
extremes of temperature, machines today are operated under heavier loads,
run at higher speeds, with smaller oil reservoirs and at longer lubricating intervals than ever before.
Proper lubrication is vital to any operation and is determined by the Four Rs:
Right Lubricant
Right Amount
Right Place
Right Time
Your Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) together with a Petro-Canada
Lubricants Representative or a Technical Services Advisor can assist you in
determining the Four Rights for your equipment or machinery.
85
VISCOSITY CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIAL OILS

It used to be the practice in North America to define the viscosity of industrial
lubricating oils in Saybolt Universal Seconds (SUS) at reference temperatures
of 100F and 210F. However, there is now world-wide acceptance of the
International Organization for Standardizations (ISO) system for viscosity
measurement in centistokes (cSt) at 40C and 100C.
ADVANTAGES OF ISO VISCOSITY GRADES

International acceptance benefits customers, manufacturers and marketers.
The lubricant grade recommended by the equipment manufacturer is the
same as the number in the product name.
Conversion from one viscosity measurement to another is virtually eliminated.
The number in the product name for most products represents the viscosity
of an industrial oil.
Automotive engine and gear oils are not involved in the ISO measurement
system. They continue to be described by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) viscosity classifications (see Automotive Lubricants Section).
The table below shows the kinematic viscosity limits for each ISO Viscosity
Grade. Each viscosity grade is 50% higher in viscosity than the preceding
viscosity grade. These limits are set at a 10 percent tolerance level above and
below the mid-point of a grade. Any product with a viscosity outside these
tolerance levels is not a recognized ISO Viscosity Grade.
ISO
Viscosity
Grade
2
3
5
7
10
15
22
32
46
68
100
150
220
320
460
680
1000
1500
ISO-VISCOSITY SYSTEM
FOR INDUSTRIAL FLUID LUBRICANTS
Kinematic Viscosity Limits
Mid Point
cSt
Minimum
Maximum
@ 40C
cSt
S.U.S.
cSt
S.U.S.
2.2
3.2
4.6
6.8
10
15
22
32
46
68
100
150
220
320
460
680
1000
1500
1.98
2.88
4.14
6.12
9.00
13.5
19.8
28.8
41.4
61.2
90.0
135
198
288
414
612
900
1350
86
32.0
35.5
39.5
46.0
55.5
71.5
97.0
136
193
284
417
625
917
1334
1918
2835
4169
6253
2.42
3.52
5.06
7.48
11.0
16.5
24.2
35.2
50.6
74.8
110
165
242
352
506
748
1100
1650
34.0
37.5
42.5
50.5
62.5
83.5
116
165
235
347
510
764
1121
1631
2344
3465
5095
7643
AGMA NUMBERS
The American Gear Manufacturers Association (AGMA) has set up a numbering system to define gear oil viscosities required for various gear boxes and
applications. These AGMA Lubricant Numbers are normally stamped on the
manufacturers metal name plate. ISO Viscosity Grade numbers and AGMA
numbers are compared in the table below.
Viscosity ranges for AGMA Lubricants (ANSI/AGMA 9005-D94)

Rust and oxidation
inhibited gear oils
AGMA Lubricant No.
Viscosity
range
(cSt) at 40C
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7, 7 Comp
8, 8 Comp
8A Comp
9
10
11
12
13
28.8 to 35.2
41.4 to 50.6
61.2 to 74.8
90 to 110
135 to 165
198 to 242
288 to 352
414 to 506
612 to 748
900 to 1100
1350 to 1650
2880 to 3520
4140 to 5060
6120 to 7480
190 to 220 cSt @
100C
Equivalent
ISO grade
32
46
68
100
150
220
320
460
680
1000
1500
Extreme pressure
Synthetic
gear lubricants
gear oils
AGMA Lubricant No. AGMA Lubricant No.
2 EP
3 EP
4 EP
5 EP
6 EP
7 EP
8 EP
8A EP
9 EP
10 EP
11 EP
12 EP
13 EP
0S
1S
2S
3S
4S
5S
6S
7S
8S
9S
10 S
11 S
12 S
13 S
AGMA Rust & Oxidation Inhibited Gear Oils are met by Premium R&O or
Hydrex AW oils.
AGMA Extreme Pressure Gear Lubricants are met by Ultima EP oils.
Lubricants carrying the suffix Comp are met with Senate oils, which
contain special lubricity additives.
AGMA Synthetic Gear Oils are met by Super Gear Fluids.
Automotive gear oils, such as Gearlube TOS, are defined by the SAE for
viscosity and the API for quality. These oils can be used in gear boxes but
oils formulated to meet AGMA requirements cannot be used in automotive
differentials or transmissions.
87
VISCOSITY COMPARISONS
Viscosities designated by various organizations may be compared as shown
in the table opposite. This is strictly a viscosity comparison and should not be
construed as a quality level comparison. To summarize:ISO VG is viscosity measurement in centistokes (cSt) at 40C.
AGMA viscosity grades as designated by the American Gear Manufacturers Association.
SAE
Society of Automotive Engineers viscosity measurement for automotive engine and gear oils e.g. SAE 30, SAE 90, etc.
Saybolt These units are in S.U.S. and were used by various

refiners/blenders to specify viscosity at 100F or 210F.
How to use the chart:
For instance, if a manufacturer requires an SAE 30 oil for a piece of

equipment, go to the SAE viscosity column and follow across horizontally to
the left to read an ISO VG of 100.
88
2000
ISO
VG
AGMA
GRADE
SAE
ENGINE
OILS
SAE
GEAR
OILS
10,000
1500
600
500
1000
8A
680
3000
140
460
320
60
220
50
150
40
100
68
2000
400
300
200
100
80
60
1000
85W
500
30
400
80W
300
20
50
40
46
30
32
20
90
200
1
0
15W
75W
10W
22
5W&0W

(SUS) @ 100F
5000
1000
800
100
15
60
10
10
NOTE:
SAE specifications.
89
LUBRICANTS HANDLING & STORAGE

Petro-Canadas lubricating oils and greases are the result of considerable
research work and, after careful manufacture and delivery, are as good for
their intended use as we can make them. However, during storage it is important to guard against contamination, which can drastically reduce the performance and life of a lubricant. Numerous studies have shown that both water
and dirt can lessen the life of bearings and other components. Preventing contamination during storage has a direct pay-back in terms of optimum lubricant
performance, longer lubricant life and reduced maintenance costs.
INSIDE STORAGE
Preferably lubricants should be stored inside. However, even then there are
certain precautions that should be followed:
The temperature of the storage area should remain moderate and not be
subject to wide fluctuations.
The storage area should be located away from industrial contamination,
such as fumes or dust.
The storage area and dispensing equipment should be clean and be part of
a regular cleaning schedule.
Labels, stencils, markings on containers and dispensing equipment should
be kept legible to avoid cross-contamination or incorrect application.
Detergent-containing engine oils, hydraulic oils, turbine oils and extreme
pressure (EP) oils should use separate dispensing equipment.
OUTSIDE STORAGE
If outside storage is unavoidable, then the following precautions should be followed:
Ensure that the bungs on drums are screwed in tight.
Store drums horizontally, with bungs below the oil level (i.e. at 3 oclock and
9 oclock). This prevents the seals from drying out and tending to leak. For
the same reason, drums stored upright on pallets should stand upside
down.
Drums stored on their sides should be clear of the ground and preferably
rest on wooden or steel beams. They may be stacked three high if wedged
properly to prevent movement.
Stacking often results in the bottom drums never being used, so the use of a
rack is preferred.
Do not store drums on end with the bungs on top. Rain water collects on the
drum head and is drawn into the oil when the drum breathes during temperature cycles. If drums must be stored this way, they should be tilted first by
standing on edge (say on a 2 x 4 piece of lumber). When oil is drawn from
the drum, the head should be wiped clean first.
Drums preferably should be covered with a tarpaulin to protect them from
the elements.
To minimize contamination and the effects of weathering, time spent in outdoor storage should be kept to a minimum.
Outdoor storage locations should be away from dusty areas such as quarries or unpaved roads. Opening drums in such conditions will contaminate
the contents.
90
Smaller package sizes (e.g. pails) should be covered, examined regularly

and kept to a minimum to provide a quick turnover.
HANDLING
Lubricating oils and greases are a relatively harmless class of material. Nevertheless, care should be taken to avoid skin contact and inhalation of oil mists.
Petro-Canada provides Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) on all of its
products and these are available from your Sales Representative or Customer
Service Representative (CSR).
Some general guidelines for handling lubricating oils and greases follow:
Use protective equipment to avoid skin contact.
Quickly remove any product that does get on the skin.
Do not use gasoline, kerosene or similar solvents to remove lubricants from
the skin as they take the natural oils from the skin and cause dryness.
Use only mild soap and warm water or a recommended hand cleaner to
remove lubricating oil and grease from the skin. Dry using clean hand towels.
Wash hands and arms at the end of the working day and before eating.
Remove any contaminated clothing and clean thoroughly before re-use.
Avoid breathing in oil mists.
Clean-up lubricating oil and grease spills immediately and dispose of them
according to environmental guidelines.
Obtain medical advice concerning any potential health problems.
PRODUCT SHELF LIFE LUBRICATING OILS

The performance properties of liquid lubricants (oils) will remain intact for many
years provided they have been in protected storage and not exposed to severe
high/low temperature cycles. Generally, the simpler the oil formulation, the
longer the oil will remain satisfactory.
Base Oils, Process Oils and Other Non-Additized Oils
These may be stored indefinately under protected conditions without any
significant deterioration in performance. Slight changes in appearance /
colour may occur. If they are used as part of a special manufacturing
process or application, the product properties should be reconfirmed if over
3 years old.
Hydraulic Food Grade / Compressor / Turbine and General Purpose
Lubricating Oils
These oils contain low, but very effective additive treatments. They may be
stored for three (3) years under protected conditions* without any significant
deterioration in performance.
Hydraulic Engine / Motor OIls and Transmission Oils
Although these oils contain high additive contents, they are extremely stable.
They may be stored for five (5) years under protected conditions* without any
signficant deterioration in performance. However, the industry performance
requirements (API) for engine oils and for transmission oils (OEM performance
standards, i.e. DEXRON/MERCON) are changing rapidly. Hence an engine or
91
transmission oil that has been stored for five (5) years or longer, while it may
still meet its original performance specifications, may not meet the latest
industry requirements.
Industrial and Automotive Gear Oils
These highly additized formulations can occasionally exhibit some long term
instability. Under protected conditions* they should only be stored for three
(3) years. In addition, as automotive gear oil specifications occasionally
change, old product should be checked to ensure its specifications still meet
the latest industry standards and/or equipment requirements.
Neat (Non-Emulsifiable) Metal Working Fluids / Way Lubricants
These formulations are often quite delicately balanced. Hence under
protected conditions* they should only be stored for two (2) years.
Soluable (Emulsifiable) Metal Working Fluids (Cutsol & Cutsol HD)
These products should only be stored for one (1) year.
Storage under unprotected conditions can result in water ingress which

causes the oil to become milky or form a mayonnaise and can also cause
rust formation/corrosion in metal containers.
If you locate a significant volume of a date expired product, please consult a
Technical Service Advisor who will arrange to have it tested so see if it is still
satisfactory for use.
*Protected conditions: indoor or covered storage with no freeze/thaw cycles.
92
ACCUFLO TK - MACHINE TOOL LUBRICANT
ACCUFLO TK Oils are specially formulated to lubricate the slideways of
machine tools and maintain smooth, uninterrupted operation. They may be
applied to linear and rotating guideways, table elevating slideways on milling
machines, lead-screw-and-nut systems, feed gears, milling heads and lathe
saddles.
ACCUFLO TK 68 is recommended for horizontal slides and moderately loaded
machine tools, while ACCUFLO TK 220 is recommended for vertical slides or
heavy duty machine tools such as planers and boring mills.
ACCUFLO TK Oils eliminate stick-slip or chatter on machine tables and contain inhibitors to protect ferrous and copper components against corrosion.
Their unique zinc-free formulations provide excellent film strength, lubrication
and machine table accuracy. They are highly tacky to resist removal by synthetic coolants and soluble oils. This cuts the consumption of lubricant and the
generation of tramp oil which, in turn, improves coolant management.
ACCUFLO TK 68 and 220 are GM LS2 approved, meet ISO-L-G standards,
and are approved against Cincinnati Machine standards P-47 and P-50
respectively. ACCUFLO TK 68 is approved for use in Bijur systems and
passes Bijurs filtration test #2107.
Accuflo TK
68
71
9.9
366
60
122
225/437
-33/-27
0.76
200/441
Viscosity cSt @ 40C

cSt @ 100C
SUV @ 100F
SUV @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
Stick-slip No.
Weld Point, kg / lb
93
Accuflo TK
220
217
21.4
1136
107
118
255/491
-24/-11
0.80
250/551
ACCUFLO SS - PRESS OIL AND MACHINE TOOL

LUBRICANT
ACCUFLO SS 68 is recommended for use in commercial printing machines
for the lubrication of units, folders, angle bars and horizontal drive gear boxes.
It meets the requirements of Goss Graphic Systems service bulletin SBM5078
(16/02/00) for Cosmo, Metro, Metroliner, Headliner, Colorliner and Metrocolour
models.
ACCUFLO SS 68 can also be used to lubricate the linear and rotating guideways, and elevating slideways of machine tools. It meets the Cincinnati
Machine P-47 specification and is approved for use in Bijur systems.
Accuflo SS 68
74
9.5
383
58
105
226/439
-33/-27
0.78
200/441
Viscosity cSt @ 40C

cSt @ 100C
SUV @ 100F
SUV @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
Stick-slip No.
Weld Point, kg / lb
PC WAYLUBE - MACHINE TOOL LUBRICANT

PC Waylube is formulated for the lubrication of the slideways of modern
machine tools. It is approved against Cincinnati Machine Standard P-47 and
GM LS2. PC Waylube is also approved for Bijur systems and passes Bijurs
filtration test #2107.
Where greater oil adhesion is required, such as with vertical ways, we recommend Petro-Canadas ACCUFLO TK machine tool lubricants.
PC Waylube 68
70
9.5
359
58
115
247/477
-27/-17
0.79
200/441
Viscosity cSt @ 40C

cSt @ 100C
SUV @ 100F
SUV @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
Stick-slip No.
Weld Point, kg / lb
94
AJT 6000/TURBONYCOIL 600 - STATIONARY

JET TURBINE FLUID
Rolls Royce approved AJT 6000/TURBONYCOIL 600 is specially designed
to effectively lubricate land based aeroderivative gas turbines operating under
extreme conditions. AJT 6000/TURBONYCOIL 600 is based on polyol esters
with high thermal stability, fortified with toxic free, anti-oxidant, anti-wear and
anti-corrosion additives. AJT 6000/Turbonycoil 600 is approved by the following engines manufactures for use in land based industrial and marine gas turbine applications where a MIL-PRF-23699F Standard Classification or Rolls
Royce approved lubricant is required: Rolls Royce, Allison, CFM International,
Turbomeca, Pratt & Whitney Canada, Hamilton Sundstrand/APIC and General
Electric.
25.6
5.12
9,468
270/518
-57/-71
3.4
0.16
Viscosity cSt @ 40C

cSt @ 100C
cSt @ -40C
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
Evaporation Loss 612 h @ 204C, % Wt
Total Acid No.
ARDEE - ROCK DRILL OIL

Ardee oils are formulated to lubricate and cool the mechanisms of airoperated rock drills. They are ideal for use in equipment running in demanding
situations with high air-flow rates, drill shock-loading and high piston temperatures.
There are five viscosity grades to meet temperatures ranging from -35C / -31F
to +45C / 113F. Ardee 32 is for winter conditions, Ardee 68 to 150 for underground operations, with the 150 grade being favoured in SECAN drills and in
mining operations trying to reduce oil consumption and misting. Ardee 220 is
normally used in summer, in open pit operations using drills with a bore larger
than 10 cm / 4 inches.
Ardee 32 is recommended for use in plant air-line lubricators, especially where
the air is water laden.
Ardee EP 000, a mist-free rock drill lubricant, is a semi-fluid grease and is
described in the Grease Section of the Handbook.
Viscosity cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUV @ 100F
SUV @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
Timken OK Load, kg/lb
Weld Point, kg
32
31.8
6.0
163
46
137
180/356
-48/-54
9/20
200
68
71.7
9.9
369
60
119
231/448
-42/-44
14/30
200
95
Ardee Oil
100
96.4
11.5
500
66
107
233/451
-33/-27
14/30
200
150
148.6
15.0
778
80
101
243/469
-30/-22
14/30
250
220
207
19.0
1089
97
103
281/538
-24/-11
14/30
250
BIO 40 - BIODEGRADABLE HYDRAULIC OIL

Petro-Canada BIO 40 is a readily biodegradable hydraulic oil, that is designed
for use in environmentally sensitive situations. Formulated from Vegetable Oil
and performance additives, BIO 40 has a biodegradation rate of 80.1%, as
measured by the OECD 301B and 93% by CEC-L-33-A-93.
BIO 40 is suitable for use in high performance hydraulic equipment found in
forestry, mining and construction operations at temperatures, ranging from
20C (-4F) to 70C (158F).
BIO 40
29
6.6
147
48
190
166/331
-33/-27
880
80
93
Viscosity cSt @ 40C

cSt @ 100C
SUV @ 100F
SUV @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
Brookfield Viscosity, cP @ -20C
Biodegradability, % OECD 301B
Biodegradability, % CEC L33-A93
96
CALFLO HEAT TRANSFER FLUID

CALFLO is a line of specialty heat transfer fluids produced from PetroCanadas 99.9% pure base oils and patented additive technology.
CALFLO HTF offers long life and clean, virtually odourless operation in heat
transfer systems with continuous bulk fluid temperatures up to 326C (620F)
and tubeskin temperatures as high as 343C (650F). These are typically
larger systems where long, continuous operation at elevated temperatures is
normal. Unlike many aromatic chemicals, CALFLO HTF resists oxidative
breakdown and sludging, and is essentially non-toxic.
CALFLO AF offers high efficiency in smaller heating systems where oxidation
stability is critical. CALFLO AF is clean, virtually odourless and will offer long
life in applications with continuous bulk temperatures up to 316C (600F). It is
recommended for use in plastic extrusion and injection moulding machines,
textile dryers, die casting and other mid-temperature processes.
CALFLO LT is a synthetic high efficiency, long life heat transfer fluid specially
developed for systems that require outstanding heat transfer efficiency even at
moderate operating temperatures, and fluid pumpability at extremely low temperatures. CALFLO LT is recommended for systems with continuous bulk fluid
temperatures as high as to 260C (500F). It remains pumpable at temperatures as low as -40C (-40F).
PURITY FG Heat Transfer Fluid, formerly CALFLO FG, has been specially
designed for use in food processing operations that require a food grade fluid.
More details may be found on page 161.
In addition to heat transfer fluids, Petro-Canada offers two additional products
for the servicing of heat transfer systems: Petro-Canada Cleaning Fluid for
Heat Transfer Systems; and Petro-Canada Flushing Fluid, which is a product
that has wide-based use for flushing dirty oil systems in addition to heat transfer. They may be found on page 112.
Viscosity cSt @ 40C

cSt @ 100C
SUS @ 100F
SUS @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
Autoignition Temp, C / F
Max Bulk Temp C / F
CALFLO Heat Transfer Fluid

HTF
AF
LT
36
32
7.5
6.0
5.4
2.2
185
165
52
46
44
34
100
99
103
226/439
221/430
173/343
-15/5
-42/-44
-63/-81
364/687
343/650
323/613
326/620
316/600
260/500
97
PURITY FG
HTF
36
6.0
185
46
113
209/408
-18/0
354/669
326/620
CHAIN OIL - CHAIN SAW OIL

Chain Oil Summer and Winter are formulated specifically for lubricating the
chains, guide bars and drive sprockets of modern high-speed chain saws.
They deliver the following benefits:- an unbroken film of lubricant between
chain links and guide bar; excellent anti-wear characteristics that prevent chain,
bar and sprocket wear; throw-off resistance for longer service and reduced oil
consumption; rust protection of chain and guide bar.
Chain Oil Winter may be used as an air-filter coating, where a tacky product
is required. Chain Oil Summer is an excellent lubricant for industrial conveyor
chains and open gears. Both oils are dyed a distinctive red colour.
Chain Oil
Winter
Summer
Viscosity cSt @ 40C
32.0
155
cSt @ 100C
6.3
16.2
SUV @ 100F
163
810
SUV @ 210F
47
85
Viscosity Index
151
109
Flash Point, C / F
168/334
207/405
Pour Point, C / F
-42/-44
-21/-6
4 Ball Wear Scar Diam., mm
0.25
0.25
98
COMPRO* - AIR COMPRESSOR FLUIDS

COMPRO* Compressor Fluids are ashless air compressor fluids formulated to
provide long and highly reliable service life in industrial air compressor applications. COMPRO Compressor Fluids are available in four viscosity grades to
cover a majority of air compressor requirements. They are suitable for use in
compressors that handle air, and inert gases such as nitrogen, argon, hydrogen, neon, helium, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and blast furnace gas.
COMPRO Compressor Fluids can be used in rotary screw compressors to a
maximum of 2,000 hours at air discharge temperatures up to 85C, in reciprocating compressors to a maximum of 500 hours at air discharge temperatures
up to 150C, in vane compressors to a maximum of 500 hours at air discharge
temperatures up to 85C, and in centrifugal compressors for 2-5 years at air
discharge temperatures up to 50C.
Air-cooled screw compressors in continuous service or operating at elevated
discharge temperatures should use COMRPO XL-S Compressor Fluids for
extended life.
COMPRO Compressor Fluid
32
68
100
150
Viscosity cSt @ 40C
36
68
101
150
cSt @ 100C
5.7
8.7
11.2
14.3
SUV @ 100F
183
352
527
789
SUV @ 210F
45
55
65
77
Viscosity Index
97
99
97
93
Flash Point, C / F
215/419
238/460
260/500
264/507
Pour Point, C / F
-39/-38
-30/-22
-18/0
-12/+10
Conradson Carbon No., % Wt
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.06
NOTE: COMPRO air compressor fluids should never be used in any equipment compressing pure oxygen.
In applications where equipment is used for compression of wet or
sour hydrocarbon gases, which may come into contact with the oil,
Compressor Oils RP 268 and RP 460 are recommended (see
page 102). This only applies to reciprocating cylinders that are lubricated to compress hydrocarbon gases.
99
COMPRO* XL-S - ROTARY SCREW AIR

COMPRESSOR FLUID
COMPRO XL-S Compressor Fluids are formulated to extend compressor fluid
life in rotary screw industrial air compressors, with minimal carbon deposits or
varnish formation.
COMPRO XL-S is particularly recommended for air compressors in continuous service or operating at higher discharge air temperatures (up to 85C).
Such compressors may be run for up to one year (8,000 hours) in continuous
operation. This is at least four times the life of conventional mineral oil based
compressor fluids.
While particularly effective in rotary screw compressors, COMPRO XL-S can
also be used in reciprocating compressors to a maximum of 500 hours at air
discharge temperatures up to 150C, rotary vane compressors to a maximum
of 1,000 hours at air discharge temperatures up to 85C, and in centrifugal
compressors for 2-5 years at air discharge temperatures up to 50C.

COMPRO XL-S
Viscosity cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUV @ 100F
SUV @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
Ramsbottom
Carbon, % Wt
32
38
6.2
177
46
108
230/446
-36/-33
46
47
7.0
217
49
107
246/475
-33/-27
68
68
8.9
317
55
101
245/473
-30/-22
100
102
11.4
530
65
97
260/500
-27/-17
150
143
14.9
664
77
104
270/518
-24/-11
0.04
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.08
While COMPRO XL-S Compressor Fluids are very effective with pure
hydrogen, they should NEVER be used in any equipment compressing
pure oxygen.
Note:
In selecting a compressor oil it is important to know not only the equipment
manufacturer and model, but also the gas being compressed.
In the table below, various gases are categorized for the type of lubricant
required.
Please note that in the case of chemically active gases such as chlorine,
oxygen and hydrogen chloride no petroleum lubricant is recommended.
VARIOUS GASES
Inert Argon, Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Monoxide,
Hydrogen, Helium, Neon, Nitrogen, Blast Furnace Gas.
Hydrocarbon Gases Methane, Acetylene, Ethane,
Propane, Butane, Coke Oven Gas.
Chemically Active Chlorine, Oxygen, Hydrogen
Chloride.
Ammonia
100
LUBRICANT
Same as for air.
Same as for
natural gas.
No petroleum
Lubricant.
REFLO 46A, 68A
COMPRO XL-R - RECIPROCATING AIR

COMPRESSOR FLUID
COMPRO XL-R has been specifically developed for single and multi-stage
reciprocating air compressors, particularly those with high air-discharge temperatures. COMPRO XL-R is designed to extend equipment life, increase fire
safety and reduce maintenance costs compared to competitive mineral oil
based products.
COMPRO XL-R is recommended for use in both the cylinder and crankcase of
air compressors, where it reduces varnish and carbon build up on valves and
intercoolers. COMPRO XL-R matches or exceeds the service intervals of
competitive diester lubricants, but without their obnoxious odours. It is also
fully compatible with petroleum oils and diesters, although significant dilution
will reduce its performance.
COMPRO XL-R is recommended for use in reciprocating compressors to a
maximum of 2,000 hours at air discharge temperatures up to 150C. It can
also be use in vane compressors to a maximum of 500 hours at air discharge
temperatures up to 85C.
COMRPO XL-R meets the requirements of DIN 51506 VDL.
COMPRO XL-R Compressor Fluid
63
8.0
292
52
91
236/457
-18/0
0.01
Viscosity cSt @ 40C

cSt @ 100C
SUV @ 100F
SUV @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
COMPRO SYNTHETIC - AIR COMPRESSOR FLUID

COMPRO* Synthetic has been specifically developed for rotary screw air compressors operating in severe service environments, particularly those with high
air-discharge temperatures up to 105C. COMPRO Synthetic will last four
times longer than a conventional mineral oil based fluid - up to one year continuous service or 8,000 hours.
COMPRO Synthetic Compressor Fluid
40.7
7.6
207
52
157
257/495
-51/-60
Viscosity cSt @ 40C

cSt @ 100C
SUV @ 100F
SUV @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
101
COMPRESSOR OIL RP
NATURAL GAS COMPRESSOR OIL
Compressor Oils RP 268 and RP 460 are specially designed for the lubrication of cylinders and rod packings in natural gas compressors having forcefeed cylinder lubrication systems.
These compressor oils are formulated with an advanced, non-fatty additive
package to provide excellent high temperature stability, very good lubricity and
wear protection, as well as minimizing deposit formation. They are primarily
recommended for use in compressing sour, wet or contaminated natural gas.
The higher viscosity RP 460 is especially suited for use in higher pressure
applications.
Compressor Oils RP 268 and 460 may also be used for the initial break-in of
compressor cylinders in sweet or dry gas service. (See page 59 for further
applications.)

Compressor Oil RP
268
460
252
405
20.9
28.6
1335
2160
105
140
97
98
270/518
280/536
-18/0
-15/+5
1.0
1.1
Viscosity cSt @ 40C

cSt @ 100C
SUV @ 100F
SUV @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
Note:
In selecting a compressor oil it is important to know not only the equipment
manufacturer and model, but also the gas being compressed. In the table
below, various gases are categorized for the type of lubricant required.
Please note that in the case of chemically active gases such as chlorine,
oxygen and hydrogen chloride no petroleum lubricant is recommended.
VARIOUS GASES
Inert Argon, Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Monoxide,
Hydrogen, Helium, Neon, Nitrogen, Blast Furnace Gas.
Hydrocarbon Gases Methane, Acetylene, Ethane,
Propane, Butane, Coke Oven Gas.
Chemically Active Chlorine, Oxygen, Hydrogen
Chloride.
Ammonia
102
LUBRICANT
Same as for air.
Same as for
natural gas.
No petroleum
Lubricant.
REFLO 46A, 68A
COMPRESSOR CLEANER
Compressor Cleaner is a synthetic fluid, formulated to dissolve the varnish
and sludge found in air compressors. Compressor Cleaner may also be used
as an air compressor lubricant for up to 400 hours. It is an ideal flushing fluid
for older heavily varnished air compressors using mineral oils or diester fluids,
and highly recommended when converting to Petro-Canadas COMPRO XL-S
Compressor Fluid from non-compatible fluids such as polyglycol synthetics.
Compressor
Cleaner
43
5.9
223
46
230/446
-27/-17
Viscosity cSt @ 40C

cSt @ 100C
SUV @ 100F
SUV @ 210F
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
4
CON-REL-EZE CONCRETE FORM OIL
Con-Rel-Eze oils are formulated to provide an excellent stain-free finish on
concrete and clean, quick release characteristics for plywood, metal,
fibreglass and plastic forms. These products afford excellent rust protection
to metal forms and are compatible with all caulking compounds.
Con-Rel-Eze 40 and 60 grades are ready-to-use, light viscosity oils for spraying on forms. Con-Rel-Eze 800 is a medium viscosity oil designed specifically
for heavy pre-cast units.
Con-Rel-Eze 40 and 60 may also be used for rust protection of machinery and
as penetrating oils on nuts and bolts.
Viscosity cSt @ 40C
SUV @ 100F
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
Rust Test
Interfacial Tension, mN/m
40
3.3
37
52/126
-45/-49
pass
17.3
Con-Rel-Eze
60
4.1
39.5
53/127
-30/-22
pass
2.5
800
129
675
207/405
-18/ 0
pass
21.9
DURATAC OILS
Duratac Oils are an economical, tacky, once-through line of lubricants for
use in hand oiling of log deck chains, in the lubrication of chains and chain
saw bars, or in lubricating leaky, slow-speed journal bearings. Their tackiness
helps to reduce dripping and throw-off whilst in use. See also Lubtac
Conveyor Chain Lubricant.
Duratac 68
Viscosity cSt @ 40C
68
SUS @ 100F
315
103
Duratac 100
100
465
Duratac 150
150
695
ENDURANCE 8000 - COMPRESSOR /

GAS TURBINE FLUID
Endurance 8000 is a versatile synthetic fluid designed to lubricate air
compressors and gas turbines, operating over a very wide range of temperatures.
Endurance 8000 is recommended for use in rotary screw air-compressors,
particularly those running under extremes of temperature e.g. - 40C (-40F)
to 100C (212F). It provides effective lubrication for up to 8,000 hours, in
compressors operating at 95C (203F). Endurance 8000 is also recommended
for use in gas turbines.
Endurance 8000 is non-toxic to fish, as measured by the 96 hour rainbow trout
test and so can be used in situations that are sensitive to ground water
contamination.
Viscosity cSt @ 40C

cSt @ 100C
SUV @ 100F
SUV @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
Brookfield Viscosity, cP @ -40C
Oxidation Stability Rotary Bomb, minutes
Endurance
8000
27
5.3
140
44
129
226/439
-54/-65
11,000
2400
ENVIRON* AW
HYDRAULIC FLUIDS
Petro-Canadas ENVIRON AW monograde hydraulic fluids are designed for
use in mobile and stationary equipment and are particularly suited for
hydraulic applications in environmentally sensitive locations. ENVIRON AW is
free of heavy metals, is non-toxic, inherently biodegradable and recyclable.
ENVIRON AW is formulated to provide outstanding anti-wear protection for
extended equipment life. Its exceptional oxidation stability provides longer oil
life for fewer change-outs and less sludge and varnish deposits.
32
Viscosity cSt @ 40C
32.2
cSt @ 100C
5.4
SUV @ 100F
151
SUV @ 210F
44
Viscosity Index
101
Flash Point, C / F
233/451
Pour Point, C / F
-42/-44
Oxidation Stability, hrs. to 2.0 TAN 8000+
104
ENVIRON* AW
46
46.3
6.8
216
48
99
239/462
-33/-27
5000+
68
67.9
8.7
315
55
101
253/487
-33/-27
5000+
ENVIRON* MV
WIDE TEMPERATURE HYDRAULIC FLUIDS
Petro-Canadas ENVIRON MV multigrade hydraulic fluids are designed for
year-round use in mobile and stationary equipment operating in wide
temperature ranges, particularly in environmentally sensitive locations.
ENVIRON MV is free of heavy metals, is non-toxic, inherently biodegradable,
and recyclable.
ENVIRON MV is formulated to provide outstanding anti-wear protection for
extended equipment life. Its exceptional oxidation stability provides longer oil
life for fewer change-outs and less sludge and varnish deposits.
ENVIRON* MV
32
46
33
44
6.5
8.0
153
203
48
52
159
156
220/428
250/482
-45/-49
-45/-49
10,000
10,000
-34/-29
-30/-22
-15 to 66
-10 to 78
5 to 150
14 to 172
Viscosity cSt @ 40C

cSt @ 100C
SUV @ 100F
SUV @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
Oxidation Stability, hours to 2.0 TAN
Min. Start-up Temperature1, C / F
Operating Range2, C
Operating Range2, F
1Start-up
is defined as the temperature at which the oil viscosity reaches 10,000 cP
2Petro-Canada
defines the upper & lower operating temperature limits to be the temperatures at which the oil viscosity is 13 cSt and 750 cP, respectively.
105
HYDREX* AW HYDRAULIC FLUIDS

HYDREX AW are premium performance, long-life, anti-wear hydraulic fluids.
HYDREX AW fluids are recommended for heavy-duty hydraulic applications
requiring superior wear protection. HYDREX AW fluids have excellent thermal
stability and oxidation life, which extends drain intervals and protects against
corrosion and varnish. Good demulsibility and rust protection properties minimize the possibility of corrosion and reducing equipment maintenance and
downtime.
HYDREX AW fluids are approved against the following hydraulic equipment
manufacturers specifications: Denison HF-0, Eaton Vickers M-2950-S and I286-S, Cincinnati-Lamb P-68 (AW 32), P-69 (AW 68) and P-70 (AW 46), Hagglunds AC-4.8, and Bosch-Rexroth. HYDREX AW 22 meets DIN 51524 Part 1
HL and HYDREX AW 32, 46, 68, 80 and 100 meet DIN 51524 Part 2 HLP.
HYDREX AW 32, 46 and 68 are classified as CFIA - Type N2, NSF International H2 and are GM LS2 approved. HYDREX AW fluids meet ISO 6743/4
Type HM and the USS 127 specification.
HYDREX* AW 32 & AW 46 are suitable for use in plant air-line lubricators.

22
Viscosity
cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUV @ 100F
SUV @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
Oxidation Stability,
hours to 2.0 TAN
HYDREX* AW
46
68
32
80
100
21.6
34.5
46.6
65.7
80
100
4.3
5.7
6.9
9.4
9.7
11.3
105
162
217
305
371
463
40
45
49
57
58
64
101
103
105
115
99
99
207/405 217/423 227/441 225/437 245/473 250/482
-45/-49 -39/-38 -33/-27 -33/-27 -24/-11 -30/-22
7000+
7200+
106
6500+
6500+
6500+
6500+
HYDREX* MV- WIDE TEMPERATURE RANGE

HYDRAULIC FLUIDS
HYDREX MV are premium performance, long-life, anti-wear hydraulic fluids
designed for use in wide temperature ranges. HYDREX MV fluids are recommended for heavy duty hydraulic applications operating at high pressure and
with wide ranges of temperature. They are ideally suited for piston, gear and
vane pumps used in industrial, marine, woodlands, mining and other mobile
hydraulic systems. These fluids offer minimal fluid friction at low start-up temperatures and provide excellent protection at high operating temperatures.
HYDREX MV Arctic 15 is a premium, high performance hydraulic fluid
designed for extremely cold temperature operation, particularly in Arctic climates, where it can be started down to -54C (-65F) without external heating.
It is also biodegradeable and recommended for use in emergency shut-down
valves or other critical low temperature systems that have to respond quickly
and reliably.
Viscosity cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUV @ 100F
SUV @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
Oxidation Stability
hours to 2.0 TAN
Min. Start-up
Temperature1, C / F
Operating Range2
C
F
1Start-up
MV Arctic 15
13.0
4.95
69.7
42.5
383
128/262
-57/-71
HYDREX
MV 22
MV 36
23.8
32.3
5.0
6.3
114
152
42.7
46.8
168
148
208/406
226/439
-51/-60
-48/-54
MV 60
58
9.0
269
55.6
132
214/417
-42/-44
3000
7900
8000
7000+
-54/-65
-41/-42
-35/-31
-26/-15
-45 to 23
-49 to 73
-25 to 57
-13 to 135
-18 to 66
0 to 151
-5 to 81
23 to 178
is defined as the temperature at which the oil viscosity reaches 10,000cP.
2Petro-Canada
defines the upper & lower temperature limits as the temperatures at

which the oil viscosity reaches 13 cSt after shear in the ASTM D5621 sonic shear test
and 750 cP, respectively.
107
HYDREX* XV ALL SEASON HYDRAULIC FLUID

HYDREX XV All Season is a premium performance, long life, anti-wear,
energy efficient hydraulic fluid designed for all season use in heavy-duty
hydraulic systems that are exposed to wide ranges of temperature.
HYDREX XV is recommended for year-round use in equipment that has to be
started at temperatures as low as -40C (-40F) and it will continue to perform
well at operating temperatures as high as 75C (167F). HYDREX XV gives
excellent results in a wide range of industrial machinery and mobile equipment
used in such industries as woodlands, construction, mining, public utility and
marine operations.
HYDREX XV helps eliminate the need to change hydraulic oil seasonally.
HYDREX XV
43.2
10.5
201
61
245
245/473
-48/-54
12,000
-40/-40
-18 to 75
0 to 167
Viscosity cSt @ 40C

cSt @ 100C
SUV @ 100F
SUV @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
Min. Start-up Temperature1, C / F
Operating Range2, C
Operating Range2, F
1Start-up
is defined as the temperature at which the oil viscosity reaches 10,000 cP.
2Petro-Canada

108
HYDREX* EXTREME-WIDE TEMPERATURE

HYDRAULIC FLUID
HYDREX EXTREME is a high performance hydraulic fluid desgined for
extremely wide temperature protection for high and severe low temperatures.
Its superior oxidation stability helps to extend drains and minimize sludge and
varnish deposits.
HYDREX EXTREME is recommended for vane, gear and axial piston
hydraulic pumps over an extremely wide range of operating temperatures. It is
suitable for applications where systems must be started up at very low temperatures but have higher temperatures during operation. It is also suitable for
use in bucket trucks operating around power lines or in bucket truck hydraulic
systems requiring extreme low temperature pumpability.
HYDREX EXTREME is approved for use in Liebherr Cranes.
PROPERTY
Start-up Temperatures1, C (F)
Operating Temperature Range2, C (F)
Density, kg/L at 15C (60F)
Viscosity, cSt at 40C (SUV @ 100F)
cSt at 100C (SUV @ 210F)
cP at -40C (-40F) D2983
Viscosity Index D2270
Flash Point, C (F)
Pour Point, C (F)
1Start-up
HYDREX EXTREME
-49 (-56)
-32 to +64 (-26 to +147)
0.8469
33.25 (164)
11.25 (64)
1.520
353
127 (261)
-54 (-65)
is defined as the temperature at which the oil viscosity reaches 10,000 cP.
2Petro-Canada

HYDREX* DT DETERGENT HYDRAULIC FLUIDS

HYDREX DT fluids are special anti-wear detergent/dispersant hydraulic fluids
containing the same anti-wear and anti-oxidant chemistry as HYDREX AW.
However, they also contain a detergent/dispersant package to keep systems
clean. These fluids are intended for use in hydraulic systems that are prone to
contamination.
HYDREX DT 22
22.7
4.3
109
41
93
201/394
-39/-38
5000+
Viscosity cSt @ 40C

cSt @ 100C
SUV @ 100F
SUV @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
109
HYDREX DT 46
46.1
6.8
215
49
102
225/437
-30/-22
5000+
HYDREX* FR FIRE RESISTANT FLUID

HYDREX FR-C 40 is a water glycol fluid and HYDREX FR-D 46 is a synthetic
phosphate ester.
HYDREX FR-C 40 has the correct viscosity/temperature characteristics since it
contains a high proportion of glycol. It can be used in extremely low temperature
operating conditions without fear of undue thickening or freezing. This fluid is
approved by Factory Mutual and is suited to operating pressures not exceeding
14,000 kPa (2000 psi).
HYDREX FR-D 46 provides a greater fire resistance under more severe
operating conditions. It can be used at higher operating temperatures than
water containing fluids, although it is recommended that bulk-fluid temperatures
be kept below 60C (140F) to reduce problems with seal compounds.
Intermittent operation at temperatures up to 150C (302F) can be tolerated.
This fluid shows good hydrolytic stability in the presence of moisture and it
contains an anti-corrosion additive.

HYDREX FR Fluid
FR-C 40
FR-D 46
44
43
5.3
1.08
1.125
-50/-58
-18/0
41
65/149
95/203
Viscosity cSt @ 40C

cSt @ 100C
Density, kg/L @ 15C
Pour Point, C / F
Water Content, %
Max. Operating Temperature1, C / F
1Petro-Canada
defines the max. operating temperature as the temperature at which the

fluid viscosity reaches 13 cSt.
LUBTAC CONVEYOR CHAIN LUBRICANT

Lubtac is a cohesive, tacky lubricant which possesses good oiliness, adhesiveness and spreadability. It does not drip, resists throw-off and water washout, and protects metal surfaces against rust and corrosion. Lubtac is recommended as a lubricant for a variety of uses including: roller and drive chains;
dryer roller chains up to 100C (212F); guide-ways and slide-ways. See also
Duratac Oils.
Lubtac 68 is formulated for application at temperatures below freezing.
Lubtac
68
71
9.3
329
57
107
190/374
-33/-27
Viscosity cSt @ 40C

cSt @ 100C
SUV @ 100F
SUV @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
110
220
220
19.4
1019
96
100
291/556
-12/+10
LUMINOL* ELECTRICAL INSULATING FLUIDS

LUMINOL high-efficiency electrical insulating fluids are ideal for use in large
power transformers operating at peak capacity as well as free-breathing units,
for commercial, industrial and institutional applications. LUMINOL fluids meet
or exceed CSA-C50-97 and ASTM D3487 standards for Type I and Type II
applications. LUMINOL is approved for applications requiring Ontario Hydro
M-104 and DOBLE TOPS specifications. LUMINOL TR is designed for Type I
applications and LUMINOL TRi is designed for Type II applications.
Viscosity cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 0C
cSt @ -40C
Flash Point, C/F
Pour Point, C/F
Dielectric breakdown voltage @ 60Hz,kV
Power Factor @ 60Hz, 100C
Interfacial Tension, 25C, mN/m
Luminol TR
9.2
53
1230
170/338
-60/-76
40
0.001
48
Luminol TR-i
9.2
53
1230
170/338
-60/-76
40
0.001
48
NGS 1000 SYNTHETIC COMPRESSOR FLUID

NGS 1000 is a blended combination of hydrotreated (HT) and polyalphaolefin
(PAO) base fluids, fortified with corrosion inhibitors, lubricity improver, and
antifoam additives. It is specifically designed for flooded screw compressors
handling the lightest hydrocarbon gases, such as methane and ethane, where
the expected dilution is less than 10% by weight, and where natural gas liquids
are not significantly present. NGS 1000 will handle sour gas systems, and has
excellent low temperature properties. By contrast, our SPX 5000 and 7000
compressor lubricants are designed for use where propanes and butanes or
some natural gas liquids may be present alongside methane and ethane.
NGS 1000
101
13.2
519
72.4
129
249/480
-43/-45
Viscosity cSt @ 40C

cSt @ 100C
SUV @ 100F
SUV @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
111
NON-DRIP OILS DRIPLESS LUBRICANT

Petro-Canada Non-Drip Oil is a high quality lubricant, formulated with a tackiness additive that adheres strongly to metal surfaces. This feature, together
with antiwear plus rust and oxidation protection, makes it an ideal lubricant for
use where oil control is required, such as textile mills and conveyor chains.
Non-Drip 150 can be used for auto-body undercoating.
Due to its tacky nature, it is not recommended for use in drip-feed oilers.
Viscosity cSt @ 40C

cSt @ 100C
SUV @ 100F
SUV @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
Tackiness, %
32
29
6.0
137
46
159
204/399
-39/-38
20
68
69
10.3
320
60
135
220/428
-27/-17
61
Non Drip Oil

100
150
105
155
13.1
17.4
487
718
71
88
121
123
256/493 270/518
-27/-17
-30/-22
57
52
220
220
21.1
1028
103
114
278/532
-24/-11
52
PETRO-CANADA CLEANING FLUID FOR HEAT

TRANSFER SYSTEMS
Petro-Canada Cleaning Fluid is specially designed to effectively clean dirty or
heavily carbonized systems which have been operating on aromatic based or
mineral based heat transfer fluids.
Viscosity cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUS @ 100F
SUS @ 210F
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
Cleaning Fluid
4.9
1.6
42
30
139/282
-21/-6
PETRO-CANADA FLUSHING FLUID

Petro-Canada Flushing Fluid is designed for flushing out dirty oil-circulating
systems including those operating on heat transfer fluids. The fluid provides
an efficient mechanical flush by providing turbulent flow. While it will not
remove the baked-on carbon of highly degraded fluids, it is effective in loosening sludges, removing trapped fluids, and in dissolving breakdown products. It
operates effectively as a flushing agent for heat transfer systems changing
over to CALFLO from other non-compatible materials. It is completely
compatible with hydrocarbon based lubricants and with all grades of CALFLO
Heat Transfer Fluids.
Typical Characteristics are listed below:
Density, kg/l
Flash Point, C / F
Viscosity cSt @ 40C
SUS @ 100F
Pour Point, C / F
112
Flushing Fluid
0.864
222/432
35.6
183.3
-18/0
PETROGLIDE* - SAW GUIDE OIL

Petro-Canadas PETROGLIDE saw guide oils are specially designed for use
with modern mulit-blade, gang saws, and edgers to provide increased recovery and productivity. PETROGLIDE is formulated to provide optimum tackiness for less wash-off and better lubricity to reduce oil consumption and
increase energy efficiency.
PETROGLIDEs superior extreme pressure properties reduce friction and
metal to metal contact preventing heat build-up and wear on both saw guides
and blades to help minimize saw deviation.
PETROGLIDE
68
100
79
108
11.1
14.1
364
500
63
74
130
131
235/455
277/531
-42/-44
-36/-33
200
200
Viscosity cSt @ 40C

cSt @ 100C
SUV @ 100F
SUV @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
Weld Load, kg
150
172
17.7
796
89
113
270/518
-36/-33
200
PETROGLIDE* MC 32 - BANDSAW OIL

Petro-Canadas PETROGLIDE MC 32 is a premium quality bandsaw oil
specially designed for mist lubricated bandsaws. Its superior tackiness and
mist control is carefully balanced to effectively lubricate without excessive
stray mist minimizing oil usage and contributing to a cleaner environment.
PETROGLIDE MC 32 may also be used in circular bladed saw systems where
a lighter grade of oil may be required.
PETROGLIDE
MC 32
32
6.0
152
46
131
195/383
-54/-65
200
3
Viscosity cSt @ 40C

cSt @ 100C
SUV @ 100F
SUV @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C/F
Pour Point, C/F
Weld Point, kg
Tackiness, %
113
PETROGLIDE XP 90 - HIGH PERFORMANCE

SAW GUIDE OIL
Petro-Canadas PETROGLIDE XP 90 is a premium quality, environmentally
friendly saw guide oil designed for use with multi-blade gang saws and edgers
to provide increased recovery and productivity. PETROGLIDE XP 90 is
formulated to provide optimum tackiness for less wash-off and better lubricity
to reduce oil consumption and increase energy efficiency. PETROGLIDEs
superior extreme pressure properties reduce friction and metal to metal
contact preventing heat build-up and wear on both saw guides and blades to
help minimize saw deviation.
PETROGLIDE
XP90
91
16.7
422
85
200
209/408
-48/-54
400
70
Viscosity cSt @ 40C

cSt @ 100C
SUV @ 100F
SUV @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
Weld Load, kg
Tackiness, %
PETRO-THERM HEAT TRANSFER OIL

PETRO-THERM is a heat transfer oil developed for use in non-pressurized,
liquid phase heat transfer systems operating at bulk fluid temperatures up to
315C (600F). It is specifically formulated to provide long service life and
excellent thermal efficiency in a variety of industrial applications while resisting
oxidative and thermal degradation.
PETRO-THERM is particularly suitable for use in asphalt plants, marine applications, wood processing, dry kilns, institutional laundry, heating, and general
processing.
PETRO-THERM
43
6.4
222
47
98
222/432
-15/+5
349/660
Viscosity cSt @ 40C

cSt @ 100C
SUS @ 100F
SUS @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
Autoignition Temp, C / F
For applications where high continuous temperatures, rapid heat transfer and
long life are required, see CALFLO, page 97.
114
PREMIUM R&O TURBINE/CIRCULATING OILS

Premium R&O Oils are formulated to have long service lives and provide
corrosion resistant lubrication in a wide range of industrial applications.
Primarily recommended for lubricating steam and gas turbines, as well as the
circulating oil systems of a wide range of industrial machinery.
Premium R&O Oils have excellent oxidative and thermal stability, which resist
sludge and varnish formation and extend the service life of the oils. Demulsibility
is excellent, with water separating readily from the oils, which prevents
emulsions being formed.
Premium R&O Oils 32, 46, 68 and 77 meet the following major turbine
manufacturers lubricant specifications:
General Electric . . . . . . . . . . GEK 28143A, GEK 46506B
Westinghouse . . . . . . . . . . . . 1500 00 20
Siemens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TLV 9013 04 (Grade 32)
ABB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K 110 812101, HTGD 90117E
Solar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ES 9224
Cooper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SE 1144
Premium R&O 77 has been formulated specially to meet Canadian General
Standards Board (CGSB) spec. 3-GP-357M (Dec. 1996) for Steam Turbine Oils.
Premium R&O 46 is approved against GM LS-2.
Premium R&O
10
22
32
46
68
Viscosity cSt @ 40C
11
22
31
45
66
cSt @ 100C
2.7
4.3
5.3
6.6
8.3
SUV@ 100F
65
115
160
231
343
SUV@ 210F
35
41
44
48
54
Viscosity Index
81
98
100
99
100
Flash Point, C / F
180/356 195/383 210/410 214/417 232/450
Pour Point, C / F
-42/-44
-39/-38
-36/-33
-33/-27
-30/-22
Oxidation Stability
hours to 2.0 TAN
5000+
5000+
4500+
4000+
4000+
Bearing & Gear
Operating Range1
C
-40 to 30 -32 to 54 -23 to 63 -20 to 74 -17 to 84
F
-40 to 86 -26 to 129 -9 to 145 -4 to 165 +1 to 183
Premium R&O
77
100
150
220
320
460
Viscosity cSt @ 40C 77
95
140
207
305
437
cSt @ 100C 9.4
10.7
14.2
18.6
24.4
29.3
SUV @ 100F 398
493
731
1088
1618
2338
SUV @ 210F 58
63
76
95
121
144
Viscosity Index
97
97
96
96
96
95
Flash Point, C / F 240/464 259/498 262/504 268/514 274/525 310/590
Pour Point, C / F
-27/-17
-18/0
-12/10
-12/10
-9/16
-9/16
Oxidation Stability
hours to 2.0 TAN
4000+
4000+
2000
2000
2000
1600
Bearing & Gear
Operating Range1
C
-15 to 90 -9 to 94 -4 to 105 0 to 114 +5 to 123 +12 to 130
F
+5 to 194 16 to 201 25 to 221 32 to 237 41 to 253 54 to 266
1Petro-Canada

which the oil viscosity reaches 13 cSt and 750 cP, respectively.
115
REFLO REFRIGERATION COMPRESSOR OILS

The REFLO* line of refrigeration compressor fluids were developed for use in
commercial refrigeration compressor systems.
REFLO CFC is formulated for use in systems using CFC (chlorinated fluorocarbon) refrigerants such as Freon, Genetron and Isotron. It is a highly
refined naphthenic oil with excellent low temperature properties.
REFLO CFC may also be used in systems using methyl chloride and carbon
dioxide but is not recommended in HFC (hydrofluorocarbons) systems such as
R134a or R23.
REFLO 46A and 68A are formulated to provide exceptional service in ammonia refrigeration systems. Their low volatility at high temperatures reduces oil
carry over and can decrease fluid consumption by up to 80% vs. traditional
naphthenic oils. REFLOs lower solubility in ammonia can dramatically
improve system efficiency and performance, and its superior thermal and
oxidative stability can extend fluid life.
REFLO 46A is recommended for use in Mycom and Bitzer refrigeration systems. REFLO 68A is approved by most of the refrigeration OEMs, including
Vilter, Mycom, Sabroe, Sullair, Howden, Cimco, A. P. V. Baker, Grasso, Bitzer,
York, FMek and Ilka Mafa Gram.
Food Industry Approvals
NSF H2 registered
approved by Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) for use in registered
food processing plants.
Viscosity cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUV @ 100F
SUV @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
Floc Point, C / F
CFC
55
5.8
290
46
189/372
-36/-33
-50/-58
116
REFLO
46A
46
6.9
237
49
106
222/431
-42/-44
68A
58
7.9
268
52
104
236/457
-42/-44
ROTARY COOKER FLUID

Rotary Cooker Fluid is designed for lubrication of continuous rotary cookers
and sterilizers, and similar applications operating under high temperature and
high humidity conditions. Rotary Cooker Fluid protects equipment from wear
and corrosion, has excellent detergency and dispersancy to prevent clogged
lines. Rotary Cooker Fluid is free of heavy metals, including zinc, and is fully
recyclable.
NSF H2 registered
Rotary Cooker Fluid
146
14
770
77
99
272/522
-21/-6
Viscosity cSt @ 40C

cSt @ 100C
SUS @ 100F
SUS @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
SENATE - STEAM CYLINDER AND WORM GEAR OIL

Senate oils are specially compounded for use in the cylinders and rod-packing
glands of reciprocating steam engines. They are applied by force-fed mechanical lubricators, mounted on the steam engine. For steam engine application,
the following pressure ranges dictate which grade of oil should be used:
Grade
Steam Pressure
psi
kPa
100-150
700-1050
150-200
1050-1400
200+
1400+
Senate 460
Senate 680
Senate 1000
Senate oils are also highly recommended for the lubrication of worm gear
reducers, widely used on industrial machinery. They meet the appropriate
AGMA designations.
Viscosity cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUV @ 100F
SUV @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
AGMA No.
Compounding, % Wt
460
460
28.2
2129
134
83
305/581
-3/+27
7 Comp
5
117
Senate Oil
680
677
34.8
3400
164
82
315/599
+3/+37
8 Comp
5
1000
892
41.2
4200
194
82
311/592
-3/+27
8A Comp
5
SPX 5000, 7000 HYDROCARBON COMPRESSOR OIL

SPX 5000 and 7000 are unique products specifically formulated for lubricating
and cooling reciprocating and rotary screw compressors handling hydrocarbon
gases, such as propane and natural gas. Unlike mineral oils, these polyglycol
synthetic lubricants have a much lower gas solubility, which reduces dilution of
viscosity and greatly improves separation of the lubricant from the process gas.
SPX 5000 is recommended for use in:
* Compression of light hydrocarbon gases, propane and sweet natural gas
* Lubrication of gears; will not stain yellow metals
SPX 7000 is recommended for use in:

* Compression of hydrocarbon mixtures, containing butane and other light
hydrocarbon gases
* Sour natural gas and acid gas compression
* Gas re-injection service
* Industrial gears and bearings operating under high loads and extremes of
temperature
NGS 1000 (page 100) is recommended for:
* Compression of light hydrocarbon gases where expected dilutions is <10% wt.
* Lubrication and cooling in process and gas rotary screw compressors
* Natural gas field booster service
SPX
5000
153
23.5
779
115
196
260/518
-33/-27
12
150
Viscosity cSt @ 40C

cSt @ 100C
SUV @ 100F
SUV @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
FZG Load Stage Pass
ISO Grade
118
SPX
7000
129
25.0
648
122
230
246/475
-42/-44
12
n/a
SEPRO* PAPER MACHINE OILS

Petro-Canadas SEPRO paper machine oils have been formulated for use in
the wet and dry ends of paper machine circulating systems. SEPRO paper
machine oils are specially designed to provide excellent water separation for
better equipment protection from rust, corrosion, and wear. SEPRO also has
exceptional oxidation stability providing longer oil life for less change-outs and
increased protection of equipment from sludge, varnish, and hard carbon
deposits.
Viscosity cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUV @ 100F
SUV @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
Total Base Number, TBN
Timken OK Load kg (lb)
4-Ball Weld Load kg
SEPRO
220
211
19
979
93
99
276/529
-15/+5
0.8
150
143
14
662
76
99
272/522
-30/-22
0.8
160
160
EP220
209
19
966
93
99
278/532
-24/-11
0.6
18(40)
160
SEPRO* XL PAPER MACHINE OILS

For use in the wet and dry ends of paper machine circulating systems, PetroCanadas SEPRO XL paper machine oils are particularly recommended for
situations where there are environmental concerns regarding the quality of
discharged waste water. SEPRO XL paper machine oils are free of heavy
metals, recyclable and non-toxic to water-inhabiting species.
SEPRO XL also provides excellent oxidation stability for extended drain
intervals and excellent water separation for better equipment protection from
rust, corrosion, and wear.
150
146
14.4
678
76
99
272/522
-21/-6
pass
12+
0.01
2500
Viscosity cSt @ 40C

cSt @ 100C
SUV @ 100F
SUV @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
Rust Test
FZG Load Stage Pass
Ash, % Wt
119
SEPRO XL
220
218
18.6
1011
93
99
276/529
-21/-6
pass
12+
0.04
3200
290
292
23.0
1353
111
98
231/448
-15/+5
pass
12+
0.04
1300
SUPER GEAR FLUID PREMIUM INDUSTRIAL GEAR

LUBRICANT
Super Gear Fluid is a premium industrial EP gear lubricants, specially
designed for industrial gear and bearing systems operating under conditions
of high loading or extremes of temperature.
Super Gear Fluid delivers superior low temperature fluidity for cold weather
operation and cold-soak starting conditions. It also shows excellent oxidative
and thermal stability which gives it a long service life.
Super Gear Fluid

680
689
45.8
3300
214
113
-13/+9
243/469
-24/-11
8 EP
30/66
12+
Viscosity cSt @ 40C

cSt @ 100C
SUS @ 100F
SUS @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Temp for 150,000 cP, C/ F
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
AGMA No.
FZG Load Stage Pass
120
SUPER TURBOFLO PREMIUM TURBINE FLUID

Super Turboflo Fluids are premium turbine fluid specially designed to lubricate
and cool steam and gas turbines and deliver excellent lubrication to bearings
operating at temperatures above 260C (500F). They are formulated with
ultra pure HT Severely Hydrocracked base oils and a patented Petro-Canada
additive system. Super Turboflo Fluids with exceptional oxidative and thermal
stability provide protection and longer life for the most demanding operations.
Super Turboflo Fluids meet or exceed the following turbine manufacturers
specifications:
General Electric . . . . . . . . . GEK 28143A, GEK 32568C, GEK 32568E,
GEK 446506D, GEK 101941, GEK 32568F
Siemens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TLV 9013 04 (Grade 32)
ABB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K 110 812101, HTGD 90117
Westinghouse . . . . . . . . . . . 1500 00 20
Solar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ES 9224U
Cooper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SE 1144
Fiat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TS 5001
AEG Kanis . . . . . . . . . . . . . GEK 28143A
Blohm & Voss . . . . . . . . . . . DIN 51515
ASTM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D 4303 Type II (EP)
Viscosity cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUV @ 100F
SUV @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
Oxidation Stability
hours to 2.0 TAN
Viscosity cSt @ 40C

cSt @ 100C
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
Oxidation Stability
hours to 2.0 TAN
32
33.4
5.6
175
45
110
220/428
-30/-22
Super Turboflo
46
47
7.0
242
49
107
216/421
-24/-11
68
68
8.9
351
56
103
232/450
-21/-6
10,000+
10,000+
10,000+
Super Turboflo EP
32
46
34.15
46.37
5.54
6.823
97
101
223/443
237/458.6
-33/-27
-30/-22
10,000+
121
10,000+
SUPER VAC - VACUUM PUMP FLUID

Super Vac Fluids are specially designed to cool, lubricate and provide a seal
in piston and rotary-vane air vacuum pumps. Blended with Petro-Canadas
99.9% pure base oils and incorporating a patented additive system, Super Vac
Fluids provide extremely low vapour pressures for maximum vacuum efficiency. The fluids have exceptional resistance to high temperature-breakdown
and deliver extended lubricant life under severe operating conditions, such as
high system loading and elevated operating temperatures (100 -130C).
Besides handling air, Super Vac Fluids may also be used with the following
gases: nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, argon, neon and
helium. They should not be used in pumps handling aggressive vapours, such
as fuming nitric and sulphuric acid, hydrogen sulphide or glacial acetic acid.
NSF H2 registered
4
Viscosity cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUV @ 100F
SUV @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
Oxidation Stability,
Rotary Bomb, minutes
Vapour Pressure, mm Hg @ 25C
15
38
6.2
195
47
108
220/428
-18/0
Supervac
19
49
7.0
228
49
101
225/437
-15/+5
20
103
11.4
538
65
97
260/500
-12/+10
1000
6x107
1000
5x108
1000
5x108
SYNDURO SHB* SYNTHETIC LUBRICANTS

SYNDURO SHB Fluids are a family of multi-functional lubricants designed for
long life under demanding high temperature conditions in a wide range of
gear, bearing, and compressor applications. They have the added advantage
of excellent low-temperature fluidity during start-ups, or during outdoor winter
exposure. These products offer the potential to consolidate lubricants over
many different applications and a wide range of environmental conditions.
They are especially suited to systems with small reservoirs, or long re-lubrication intervals.
Viscosity cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUV @ 100F
SUV @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
Oxidation Stability, 24h, 200C
Change in TAN
FZG Gear Test, Stages Passed
68
68
11.1
315
63.1
155
235/455
-54/-65
0.5
12
122
SYNDURO SHB
150
220
148
219
20.3
27.4
686
1015
100
131
159
160
237/459
243/469
-45/-49
-42/-44
0.5
12
0.5
12
460
452
46.9
2094
219
162
266/511
-39/-38
0.7
12
ULTIMA* EP and
ULTIMA* PLUS INDUSTRIAL EP GEAR OILS
ULTIMA EP Oils are designed to lubricate enclosed gear drives, operating in
normal, heavy or shock-loaded conditions, as well as all types of heavy or
shock-loaded bearings. They deliver sustained anti-wear, extreme-pressure
protection to all industrial gear drives and bearings. ULTIMA EP Oils are noncorrosive to bronze gears, copper lines and bearing materials at low to moderate operating temperatures. ULTIMA EP 150 has GM LS2 approval.
ULTIMA EP 68/150 and ULTIMA Plus 68/220 multigrades complete the line,
by extending AGMA EP viscosities over an extended temperature range. This
often eliminates the need for seasonal oil changes.
Typical characteristics:
AGMA No.
Viscosity cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUV @ 100F
SUV @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
Timken OK Load, kg / lb
FZG Load Stage Pass
AGMA No.
Viscosity cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUV @ 100F
SUV @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
Timken OK Load, kg / lb
FZG Load Stage Pass
ULTIMA EP
32
68
100
150
220
320
2EP
3EP
4EP
5EP
6EP
32
68
101
150
220
320
6.0
9.1
11.3
14.7
19.0
23.8
151
315
468
695
1019
1482
46
56
64
77
94
115
136
109
97
97
97
94
224/435 240/464 240/464 260/500 262/504 252/486
-51/-60 -39/-38 -33/-27 -33/-27 -27/-17 -21/-6
27/60
29/65
32/70
32/70
32/70
32/70
12
12+
12+
12+
12+
12+
460
680
ULTIMA EP
1000
68/150
7EP
452
29.7
2095
141
94
261/502
-15/+5
32/70
12+
8EP
666
34.5
3100
163
82
269/516
-15/+5
30/65
12+
8AEP
990
55.0
4600
257
100
249/480
+5/41
34/75
13
3EP
98
14.3
1455
75
149
250/482
-39/-38
32/70
12+
123
ULTIMA Plus
68/220
4EP
152
22.2
702
108
174
251/484
-36/-33
32/70
12+
ULTIMA SYNTHETIC EP - INDUSTRIAL GEAR OIL

ULTIMA Synthetic EP are premium performance, extreme pressure lubricants
designed for enclosed industrial gears and bearings operating under severe
loading conditions or in wide extremes of temperature. They deliver reduced
friction, superior low temperature fluidity and outstanding oxidative and
thermal stability for extended fluid and component life. ULTIMA Synthetic EP
enhances gear box efficiency over a wide temperature range and can reduce
power consumption. The high viscosity index of ULTIMA Synthetic EP
products means that they retain their viscosity at high operating temperatures.
This often allows the use of a lower ISO grade than with conventional gear oil
resulting in even greater energy savings. ULTIMA Synthetic EP gear lubricants
meet the specifications of US Steel 224, ANSI/AGMA 9005-D94 and qualify as
EP gear lubricants.
AGMA No.
Viscosity cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUS @ 100F
SUS @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Temp for 150,000 cP, C/ F
Flash Point, C / F
Pour Point, C / F
FZG Load Stage Pass
150
4EP
147
19.4
681
96
151
-36/-33
237/459
-42/-44
39/85
12
124
ULTIMA Synthetic EP
220
320
5EP
6EP
218
328
26.3
35.6
1008
1518
126
168
154
155
-33/-27
-28/-18
239/462
245/473
-45/-49
-39/-38
39/85
39/85
12
12
460
7EP
455
45.7
2108
214
157
-30/-22
238/460
-36/-33
39/85
12
METALWORKING OILS
Petro-Canada offers a competitive line of metalworking fluids that cover the
major metalworking operations.
The main functions of a metalworking fluid are to lubricate or reduce friction
between the tool and work piece and to act as a coolant by rapidly removing
heat generated at the tool work-piece interface.
Petro-Canada soluble and neat cutting oils are specially formulated to provide
maximum performance for a wide range of metal removing operations.
Proper lubrication reduces friction, and as a result:
less coolant is required to absorb heat
less cutting energy is required
tool wear is reduced
improved surface finishes are obtained
NEAT CUTTING OILS

Neat Cutting Oils are designed for use as they are received and are nonmiscible in water. They have excellent lubricity and anti-wear characteristics,
assist in extending tool life and produce a quality finish. These oils are usually
compounded mineral oils, or contain specific amounts of extreme pressure
additives (sulphur and chlorine) and/or lubricity agents.
125
TRANSICUT
Transicut Oils are formulated with selected additives to produce non-staining
transparent cutting oils for use in high-speed automatic screw machines and
lathe work. They are recommended for machining low carbon steels and nonferrous metals such as copper, aluminum and magnesium.
Transicut
25
26
4.8
133
44
202/396
<1.0
0.1
2.0
0.5
Viscosity cSt @ 40C

cSt @ 100C
SUV @ 100F
SUV @ 210F
Flash Point, C / F
Colour, ASTM
Sulphur, % Wt
Chlorine, % Wt
Fatty Ester, % Wt
32
33
5.6
155
45
210/410
5.5
0.3
1.0
3.0
SUPERCUT
Supercut Oils are designed for use in heavy duty cutting and grinding operations on high strength ferrous alloys and tough-to-machine nickel/cobalt alloys.
These operations include; tapping, threading, broaching, deep hole drilling
and form grinding.
Supercut 13 is a low viscosity product suited for use in gun drilling and deep
hole drilling.
Viscosity cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUV @ 100F
SUV @ 210F
Flash Point C / F
Colour, ASTM
Sulphur, % Wt
Chlorine, % Wt
Fatty Ester, % Wt
13
13
3.1
74
37
168/334
7.0
2.0
1.1
5.0
126
Supercut
25
24
4.6
125
41
198/388
7.0
1.9
2.7
5.0
45
46
6.9
237
49
210/410
7.0
1.9
2.6
5.0
ALUCUT
Alucut is a light coloured, low viscosity oil specifically developed for machining
aluminum and magnesium alloys. Lubricity and wetting agents assist in
producing excellent surface finishes and rapidly remove the heat generated
during high speed machining.
Alucut
Viscosity cSt @ 40C
11
cSt @ 100C
2.8
SUV @ 100F
65
SUV @ 210F
35
Flash Point, C / F
178/352
Colour, ASTM
< 0.5
Fatty Ester, % Wt
1.2
Saponification No.
4.9
ALUDRAW 850 WIRE DRAWING OIL

Aludraw 850 was developed specifically for drawing aluminum wire. This drawing
oil is most effective when it contains 1-2% of aluminum fines, which produce a
synergistic effect with Aludraw 850 thus improving the drawing characteristics.
The life of this oil is extremely good (2-3 yrs.), with normal topping up as required. Yearly check of the oil will determine at which time it should be replaced.
A rule of thumb that should be used for changing the oil follows:
1. Viscosity @ 100C has increased from 24 cSt to 60 cSt
2. Solids have increased to 10%
3. Ash has increased to 20%
The aluminum fines are removed from the sump and approximately 50% of
the oil is replaced with new Aludraw 850.
Aludraw 850
270
24.0
1421
119
112
-6/+21
20.8
0.4
Viscosity
cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUV @ 100F
SUV @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Pour Point, C / F
Saponification Number
Total Acid No.
SOLUBLE CUTTING OILS

Petro-Canada Soluble Cutting Oils are used where rapid heat removal is the
main criterion. They are formulated with mineral oils, emulsifiers, rust
inhibitors, EP additives and other coupling agents. Soluble Oils are mixed with
water in proportions of 3% to 10% for most operations.
Petro-Canada Soluble Cutting Oils produce stable emulsions which have
excellent cooling ability and the necessary balance of lubricity characteristics
required for proper machining conditions. They are not recommended for use
with nitrile seals, as they will cause weakening over time.
N.B. ALWAYS ADD OIL TO WATER
127
CUTSOL / CUTSOL HD
Cutsol is a specially compounded product containing a biocide and is
formulated for general machining operations. Applications include cutting,
drilling, milling, and grinding. Cutsol is ideal for all machining operations where
cooling and rust protection are of prime importance.
Cutsol HD is a heavy-duty soluble oil containing a biocide and is formulated
for more severe machining operations. Applications include machining of
medium-to-tough carbon steels and easier operations on difficult-to-machine
steels and alloys. Cutsol HD forms an extremely fine, stable emulsion with a
high degree of cleanliness required for grinding operations.
Cutsol
39
182
Clear Amber
0.2
nil
4.1
10:1/30:1
Milky White
9.2
Viscosity cSt @ 40C

SUV @ 100F
Oil Appearance
Sulphur, %Wt
Chlorine, %Wt
Fatty Ester, % Wt
Water to Oil Mix Ratio
Emulsion Appearance
pH Emulsion
Cutsol HD
95
440
Clear Amber
1.1
11.8
1.0
10:1/20:1
Milky White
9.1
QUENCH OIL 15
Quench Oil 15 is recommended for general purpose quenching of a wide
range of medium to high alloy steels which require fast quench times. This oil
is formulated with base oil components of high thermal stability to keep parts
clean, develop minimal sludge, and provide longer oil life.
Viscosity cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUS @ 100F
SUS @ 210F
Flash Point, C/F
Ramsbottom Carbon Residue, Mass %
Quench Time, seconds
Nickel Ball
Chromized Nickel Ball
128
14.0
3.2
74
37
173/343
0.2
16
19
GREASES
GREASES
INTRODUCTION
Grease may be defined as a solid to semi-solid material produced by the dispersion of a thickening agent in a liquid lubricant. Other ingredients imparting
special properties may be included.
REGULAR GREASE
THICKENER
5 - 20%
+
(Fatty acid, animal fat
plus
Metal Hydroxide calcium,
lithium or aluminum)
LUBRICATING OIL
75 - 95%
ADDITIVES
0 - 15%
COMPLEX GREASE
Complex grease is similar to a regular grease except that the thickener
contains two dissimilar fatty acids, one of which is the complexing agent. This
imparts good high temperature characteristics to the final product.
5
LUBRICATING OIL
The high percentage of oil by weight (75-95%) in a grease requires the oil to
be of high quality and proper viscosity for the intended application. A light
viscosity oil is normally used for low temperature, low load and high speed
applications. Conversely a heavy viscosity oil is generally used for high
temperature, high load and slow speed applications.
ADDITIVES
The most common additives found in grease are as follows:
Oxidation Inhibitors
EP Agents
Anti-Corrosion Agents
Anti-Wear Agents
prolong the life of a grease

guard against scoring and galling
protect metal against attack from water,
sulphides or corrosive elements
prevent abrasion and metal to metal contact
129
GREASES
GREASE CHARACTERISTICS
The most important factors affecting the properties and characteristics of a
grease are:
Amount and type of thickener
Oil viscosity and physical characteristics
Additives
A grease is expected to:
Reduce friction and wear
Provide corrosion protection
Seal bearings from water and contaminants
Resist leakage, dripping and throw-off
Resist change in structure or consistency during service
Maintain mobility under conditions of application
Be compatible with seals
Tolerate or repel moisture
GREASE DEFINITIONS
Consistency is the degree of hardness of a grease and may vary considerably with temperature. This has been classified by the National Lubricating
Grease Institute (NLGI) into the following categories:
NLGI GRADE
000
00
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
PENETRATION @ 25C (1/10th mm)

445 - 475
400 - 430
355 - 385
310 - 340
265 - 295
220 - 250
175 - 205
130 - 160
85 - 115
Shear Stability is the ability of a grease to resist a change in consistency

during mechanical working. Under high rates of shear, grease structures
tend to change in consistency (usually become softer).
Oil Separation is the percentage of oil which separates from the grease
under static (eg. storage) conditions. It cannot predict separation tendencies
in use under dynamic conditions.
High Temperature Stability is the ability of a grease to retain its
consistency, structure and performance at temperatures above 125C.
130
GREASES
GREASE SERVICE CLASSIFICATION

The following five (5) categories for Automotive Service Greases have been
developed by the NLGI. The scope of this classification (ASTM D 4950)
covers greases designed for the lubrication of chassis components and wheel
bearings of passenger cars, trucks and other vehicles. The NLGI classifies
automotive service greases into two (2) main groups. Chassis greases,
designed by the prefix L and Wheel Bearing greases designated by the prefix
G. The following table outlines the five (5) categories:
NLGI AUTOMOTIVE SERVICE GREASE CATEGORIES

Category
Service
Performance
LA
chassis
Frequent relubrication
intervals (<3200 km). Mild
duty (non-critical applications).
Oxidation resistant, shear

stable, and corrosion and
wear protective.
LB
chassis
Prolonged relubrication intervals (>3200 km). Mild

to severe duty (high loads,
vibration, exposure to
water).
Oxidation resistant, shear

stable, and corrosion and
wear protective even under
heavy loads and in presence
of aqueous contamination.
Temperature range 40 to
120C.
GA
wheel
bearings
Frequent relubrication
intervals. Mild duty (noncritical applications).
70C.
Mild to moderate duty

(cars, trucks in urban and
highway service.)
Oxidation and evaporation

resistant, shear stable, and
corrosion and wear protective.
120C with occasional
excursions to 160C.
Mild to severe duty (vehicles

in frequent stop-and-go
service, trailer hauling,
mountain driving, etc.)
Oxidation and evaporation

resistant, shear stable, and
corrosion and wear protective.
120C with frequent
excursions to 160C and
occasional excursions to
200C.
GB
wheel
bearings
GC
wheel
bearings
131
GREASES
GREASE COMPATIBILITY
Occasionally, grease substitution in an application may be necessary to correct problems arising from the original product in service. If the thickeners are
incompatible, the mixture will fall short of the properties of the individual greases.
It is strongly advised that, in all cases, the old grease be purged or cleaned
out from the system before a new one is introduced.
However, compatibility between greases is temperature dependent. As the
temperature rises, the problems associated with incompatibility also increase.
The following chart indicates the compatibilities of major Petro-Canada
greases. With competitors products, it is strongly advised to treat them as
incompatible unless strong evidence exists to the contrary.
Aluminum
Complex
Lithium
Polyurea
Lithium
Complex
Barium
Complex
Silica
Clay
Calcium
Sulphonate
Complex
Multipurpose
EP 2
Chevron
SRI 2
Precision
EP 2
Barimol
Heavy
Thermex
Bentone
RM 2
Grease
OG-2
Polyurea
Lithium
Complex
Barium
Complex
Supreme Multipurpose Chevron

EP 2
EP 2
SRI 2
Precision
EP 2
Barimol
Heavy
Yes
160
No
(*)
Yes
183
Yes
125
Yes
173
Yes
173
Yes
140
Lithium
Yes
140
Yes
130
Yes
150
Yes
168
Yes
115
No
58
No
98
Yes
145
Yes
170
Yes
153
No
(*)
No
95
Yes
125
Yes
158
Yes
173
No
80
No
(*)
No
95
Silica
Clay
Thermex Bentone
RM 2
No
75
No
(*)
No
95
Notes:
1. The number quoted indicates the temperature, in degrees Celsius, at which incompatibility sets in.
2. (*) Indicates the mixture is incompatible at all temperatures.
GREASE PROPERTIES
The following chart is designed to help you select a type of grease that will
satisfy the intended application.
REGULAR GREASES
COMPLEX
SYNTHETIC CLAY
Properties
Calcium Lithium
Sodium Aluminum Calcium Barium Lithium Polyurea Bentone
Dropping Point C
*Max Temp C
High Temp Use
Low Temp Mobility
Mech. Stability
Water Resist.
Oxidation Stability
80-100 175-205 170-200

65
125
125
V. Poor Good
Good
Fair
Good
Poor
Fair
Good
Fair
Exc
Good
Poor
Poor
Good
Good
Texture
Smooth Smooth Fibrous or Smooth Smooth Fibrous Smooth Smooth Smooth

Smooth
260+
150
Exc
Good
Exc
Exc
Exc
260+
150
Exc
Fair
Good
Exc
Exc
200+
150
Good
Poor
Fair
Exc
Poor
260+
160
Exc
Good
Exc
Exc
Good
250+
150
Exc
Good
Good
Exc
Exc
None
150
Exc
Good
Fair
Fair
Good
*These temperatures refer to continuous operation. They may be exceeded temporarily in the case of complex
greases, and where rigorous lubrication practice is followed.
132
GREASES
GREASE SHELF LIFE

The shelf life of a grease is affected by the type and amount of thickener used,
consistency of the grease, manufacturing method employed and the formulation complexity. Generally Straight Lithium, Lithium Complex and Calcium
Complex greases remain stable for a long time.Aluminum Complex greases
tend to set and harden, but remain stable. Bentone and Barium greases tend to
soften on aging. Based on these observations:
The shelf life of all Petro-Canada greases, EXCEPT those of NLGI grade #0
or softer (i.e. #00 & #000), is five (5) years.
The following greases have shelf lives of two (2) years.
Ardee EP 000, Cam Compound Light, Gearshield NC, Gearshield P, Grease OG-0,
Multipurpose EP 00, Multipurpose Lo-Temp EP, Multipurpose Moly Lo-Temp,
Precision EP 00, Precision Gold Heavy EP 00, Purity FG 00, Semi Fluid Grease EP,
Slide Cam Compound, Slide Cam Compound Light, Supreme Arctic,
Supreme Lo-Temp, Supreme Moly EP 0, Vulcan All Season, Vulcan Arctic ,
Vulcan EGF 1000, Vulcan Heavy, Wire Rope Fluid 3000, Zonium Light.
APPLYING GREASE
The over-packing and over-greasing of bearings accounts for more failures than
any other factor. Excess grease in a bearing cavity increases internal friction, which
in turn raises the bearing temperature above the dropping point of the grease. This
causes oil separation and eventually lack of lubrication. When packing a split
housing pillow block bearing ensure that the grease cavity is only one-third full.
Re-greasing intervals are determined from:
severity of service environment condition of seals shock loading
The following chart provides a guide to re-greasing intervals and the amount
of grease to be applied.
GREASE LUBRICATION SCHEDULE
SPHERICAL ROLLER BEARINGS
Inches
3
4-1
118-114
MM
25
30
Amount of
grease
IN3
CM3
0.39
6.4
0.47
7.7
17l6-112
158-134
11516-2
2316-214
2716-212
21116-3
3316-312
31116-4
4316-412
41516-5
35
40
0.56
0.80
0.89
1.09
1.30
2.42
3.92
5.71
6.50
10.00
Shaft Size
45 - 50
55
60
65 - 75
80 - 85
90 - 100
110 - 115
125
Operating speed (rpm)

500 1000 1500 2000 2200 2700 3000 3500 4000 4500
Lubrication cycle (months)

6 4 4 4 2 2
4 4 2 2 1 1
6
6
6
6
9.2
13.1
6
6
4
4
4
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
14.6
17.9
21.3
39.7
64.2
93.6
106.5
163.9
6
6
4
4
4
4
4
2
4
4
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
TEMPERATURE 90C (200F)

HORIZONTAL SHAFT EQUIPMENT
133
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
GREASES
GREASES
Petro-Canada greases are listed according to their performance or application,
as follows:
Regular Performance Greases

Premium Performance Greases
Gear Lubricants/Cam Compounds
Food Grade Greases
Barium Greases
Non-Melting Greases
Drilling Compounds
REGULAR PERFORMANCE GREASES

MULTIPURPOSE GREASES
Multipurpose EP greases are a series of high quality, cost effective, lithium

based extreme pressure greases for wide operating temperature ranges and
water resistance.
Multipurpose Lo-Temp EP is recommended for use in centralized grease
systems, operating at low temperatures, that lubricate conveyor bearings and
mobile equipment.
Multipurpose EP 00 is recommended for Winter application, in operations that
are lubricated with Multipurpose EP 1 or EP 2 grease at other times of the year.
Multipurpose EP1 is recommended for centralized grease systems to lubricate
heavily loaded conveyor bearings, mobile mining and forestry equipment and
high speed industrial bearings.
Multipurpose EP2 is used in bearings operating at low to moderate speeds
and at medium temperatures.
Multipurpose Medium is a non-EP grease suited for use in high-speed bearings
not requiring EP protection.
Soap Type
Colour
Worked Penetration
@ 25C
Dropping Point, C/F
Base Oil Viscosity
cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUS @ 100F
SUS @ 210F
Weld Point, kg
Operating Range, C
Operating Range, F
Minimum Dispensing
Temperature, C/F
Lo-Temp
EP
Lithium
Yellow
EP 00
Multipurpose
EP 1
EP 2
Medium
Lithium
Green
Lithium
Brown
Lithium
Brown
Lithium
Amber
372
195/383
409
207/405
308
199/390
272
198/388
272
193/379
12
51
159
159
45
2.9
7.3
14.9
14.9
6.6
66
236
737
737
211
36
50
78
78
48
18/40
16/35
18/40
20/45
250
200
315
315
-50 to 100 -40 to 100 -30 to 135 -20 to 135 -25 to 125
-58 to 212 -40 to 212 -22 to 275 -4 to 275 -13 to 257
-50/-58
-40/-40
134
-30/-22
-18/0
-25/-13
GREASES
MULTIFLEX MOLY GREASES

Multiflex Moly Greases are a series of four high quality lithium based, dark
grey multipurpose greases incorporating molybdenum disulphide and EP
additives. Molybdenum disulphide interacts with metal surfaces to provide a
protective barrier against wear even when the grease component is depleted.
Multiflex Moly Greases are ideally suited for applications in truck fleets, mobile
equipment and plant machinery which require a grease with outstanding
extreme pressure (EP) and shock resistant properties.
Soap Type
Colour
Worked Penetration
@ 25C
Dropping Point, C/F
Base Oil Viscosity
cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUS @ 100F
SUS @ 210F
Weld Point, kg
Operating Range, C
Operating Range, F
Minimum Dispensing
Temperature, C/F
Lo-Temp
EP
Lithium
Dark Grey
Multiflex Moly
EP Special
EP 1
EP 2
Lithium
Grey
Lithium
Grey
Lithium
Grey
369
195/383
325
209/408
323
198/388
273
195/383
12
2.9
66
36
18/40
315
-50 to 100
-58 to 212
34
6.1
160
46
18/40
250
-45 to 135
-49 to 275
159
14.9
737
78
18/40
400
-35 to 135
-31 to 275
159
14.9
737
78
20/45
400
-30 to 135
-22 to 275
-50/-58
-45/-49
-30/-22
-25/-13
STEEL MILL GREASES

Steel Mill Greases are formulated especially for use in centralized lubrication
systems found on steel-rolling mills.
Steel Mill EPM
Soap Type
Lithium/Calcium
Colour
Dark Brown
Worked Penetration @ 25C
292
Dropping Point, C/F
197/387
Base Oil Viscosity
cSt @ 40C
237
cSt @ 100C
19.1
SUS @ 100F
1109
SUS @ 210F
89
18/40
Weld Point, kg
315
135
Steel Mill LC
Lithium Complex
Brown
324
293/559
420
25.6
1946
123
27/60
400
136
GREASES
PREMIUM PERFORMANCE GREASES

PRECISION GREASES
Precision greases are versatile premium performance, long-life, lithium-complex greases designed to lubricate and protect automotive and industrial
equipment over a very wide range of operating conditions. Precision greases
are recommended for passenger cars, vans, highway truck fleets and all offhighway vehicles. They are also the prime recommendation for all industrial
machinery, as well as pulp and paper mills and mineral extraction equipment.
Precision EMB Grease is an NLGI #2 non EP rust and oxidation inhibited
grease with a medium/low oil viscosity and is coloured blue for identification
purposes. It is designed primarily to lubricate high speed ball and roller bearings, including those on high temperature electric motors and generators with
Class H insulation.
Precision EP 00 Grease is a semi-fluid NLGI #00 EP grease developed for
centralized on-board truck chassis lubrication systems. Despite its soft nature,
Precision EP 00 retains the high dropping point, high base oil viscosity and EP
characteristics necessary to handle shock loads and minimize wear. Precision
EP 00 has been developed for centralized grease lubrication systems such as
Groeneveld, Robertshaw, Lincoln, Grease Jockey, Interlube and Vogel. This
grease handles all greasing points on a truck. Precision EP 00 may be used
also as a gear drive lubricant, where a high viscosity gear oil with low temperature mobility is required, or in leaking gear-boxes.
Precision EP 1 Grease is a NLGI #1 EP grease designed for use in heavy
duty and general purpose bearing applications served by centralized lubrication systems. Precision EP 1 may be used as a winter alternative to Precision
EP 2, where greater mobility at low temperatures is desired. Precision EP 1
meets the NLGI GC-LB standard for wheel bearing and chassis lubrication.
Precision EP 2 Grease is a NLGI #2 EP grease designed for use in all
types of heavy duty and general purpose bearings operating at both low or
high speeds. Precision EP 2 can be used for grease-gun application to a wide
range of equipment and conditions. Applications include automotive wheel
bearings, especially wheels fitted with disc brakes, chassis points on highway,
off-highway and farm vehicles and industrial machinery such as paper
machines, presses, mills and crushers. Precision EP 2 meets the NLGI
GC-LB standard for wheel bearing and chassis lubrication.
Precision Moly EP1 and EP 2 Greases - both contain a more viscous oil and
are compounded with 3% molybdenum disulphide. They are best suited to
tough, heavy-duty shock-loaded equipment in industrial and off-highway applications. They are also suitable for truck fifth wheels. Precision Moly EP 1 is
formulated for better pumpability at lower temperatures than Moly EP 2 and
may be used in centralized greasing systems.
137
GREASES

EMB
Soap Type
Precision
EP 1
EP 2
Moly
Moly
EP 1
EP 2
Lithium Lithium Lithium Lithium Lithium Lithium
Complex Complex Complex Complex Complex Complex
Blue
Green
Green
Green Dark Grey Dark Grey
Colour
Worked Penetration
@ 25C
291
Dropping Point,
C/F
298/568
Base Oil Viscosity
cSt @ 40C
110
cSt @ 100C
12.0
SUS @ 100F
510
SUS @ 210F
66
Timken OK
Load, kg/lb
Weld Point, kg
Operating Range, C-25 to 160

Operating Range, F -13 to 320
Min. Dispensing
Temperature, C/F -20/-4
EP 00
425
333
271
295/563 >307/>585 302/576

120
13.7
555
73
220
17.9
1019
90
220
17.9
1019
90
313
282
300/572 >304/>579
210
17.3
972
87
403
25.1
1867
121
18/40
27/60
27/60
27/60
27/60
250
315
315
620
620
-30 to 160 -25 to 160 -20 to 160 -25 to 160 -15 to 160
-22 to 320 -13 to 320 -4 to 320 -13 to 320 +5 to 320
-25/-13
-20/-4
-20/-4
-20/-4
-15/+5
SUPREME GREASES
Supreme Greases are high melting, heavy duty greases containing an
aluminum complex thickener and a high viscosity base oil. They are designed
to deliver outstanding service life and equipment protection over specific
ranges of temperatures and environmental conditions. Unlike many other
greases, they possess the unique property of reverting to their original
consistency after over heating and recooling. The adhesiveness of these
greases is a guarantee that they will stay in place.
Supreme Greases excel when used in bearings subjected to high pressures or
heavy shock loading, where application is frequent and regular, such as in steel
mills.
Supreme Arctic is recommended for centralized greasing systems on heavy
duty off highway and mining equipment, operating in extreme low temperature
conditions. It has excellent EP, antiwear and water resistance properties.
Supreme Lo-Temp EP is recommended for mobile equipment operating in
low ambient conditions and with centralized greasing systems.
Supreme EP 1 is recommended for heavy-duty gear and bearing applications
served by centralized greasing systems or requiring greater grease mobility
than Supreme EP 2.
Supreme EP 2 is recommended for heavy-duty gear and bearing applications
operating at low speed and high temperatures.
Supreme Moly EP 0, EP 1 and EP 2 contain 5% molybdenum disulphide
and are designed to meet Caterpillar lubricant specifications for their 5130
(7TJ & 5ZL), 5230 (7LL) model Mining Excavators and 994 (9YF) model
Wheel Loaders.
138
GREASES
Supreme G-123 and G-124 are red tacky greases designed to lubricate
heavy-duty truck components such as wheel bearings, bushings, king-pins
and chassis points found on vehicles operated by the mining, forestry and
transportation industries.
Supreme
Soap Type
Colour
Worked
Penetration
@ 25C
Dropping
Point, C/F
Base Oil
Viscosity
cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUS @ 100F
SUS @ 210F
Timken OK
Load, kg/lb
Weld Point, kg
Operating
Range, C
Range, F
Min.Dispensing
Temperature, C/F
Arctic
Aluminum
Complex
Brown
Lo-Temp
Aluminum
Complex
Amber
EP 1
EP 2
Aluminum Aluminum
Complex
Complex
Green/Brown
Moly EP 0
Aluminum
Complex
Grey
Moly EP 1
Aluminum
Aluminum
Grey
Moly EP 2
Aluminum
Complex
Grey
367
355
328
272
376
330
282
257/495
258/496
275/527
288/550
250/482
266/511
187/369
36
6.2
168
47
72
9.1
334
56
403
25.1
1865
121
403
25.1
1865
121
159
14.9
737
78
159
14.9
737
78
195
18.2
903
91
18/40
250
18/40
250
20/45
250
20/45
250
20/45
800
20/45
800
20/45
620
-45 to 120
-49 to 248
-40 to 130
-40 to 266
-25 to 160
-13 to 320
-20 to 160
-4 to 320
-35 to 135
-31 to 266
-30 to 160
-22 to 320
-25 to 135
13 to 275
-45/-49
-35/-31
-20/-4
-15/+5
-30/-22
-30/-22
-25/-13
Supreme
Soap Type
Colour
Worked Penetration
@ 25C
Dropping Point, C/F
Base Oil Viscosity
cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUS @ 100F
SUS @ 210F
Weld Point, kg
Operating Range, C
Operating Range, F
Min. Dispensing Temperature, C/F
139
G-123
Aluminum
Complex
Red
G-124
Aluminum
Complex
Red
323
271/520
279
277/531
220
17.9
1019
90
23/50
315
-25 to 160
-13 to 320
-20/-4
220
17.9
1019
90
23/50
315
-20 to 160
-4 to 320
-15/+5
GREASES
SPECIAL APPLICATION GREASES

PRECISION GOLD GREASES
Precision Gold - is a long-life, premium performance, all-season, extreme
pressure grease containing synthetic base-oil. Originally developed to lubricate heavy mining equipment under Arctic conditions, this grease delivers
outstanding cold weather performance without compromising high temperature
lubrication. Precision Gold meets NLGI Automotive Service Classification
GC-LB for wheel hearing and chassis lubrication.
Precision Gold Moly - like Precision Gold, this is an NLGI #1 grease, but
contains 3% Molybdenum Disulphide for protection against vibration and
shock loading. This extra component renders the grease particularly suitable
for on-and off-highway equipment subjected to heavy vibration and operating
under extreme hot and cold temperature conditions.
Precision Gold Heavy - is a synthetic, high temperature EP grease, containing
a very viscous base oil, with a NLGI Consistency between #1 and #2 grades. It
is designed primarily for the lubrication of dryer felt-roll bearings in paper
machines, where extended life at high temperatures is needed and frequent
replenishment is not possible.
Precision Gold Heavy EP 00 - is a synthetic semi-fluid grease designed

primarily for lubricating truck/trailer wheel-end bearings. This softer grade of
Precision Gold Heavy is also recommended for use in leaky gear-cases.
Gold
Soap Type
Colour
Worked Penetration
@ 25C
Dropping Point, C/F
Base Oil Viscosity
cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUS @ 100F
SUS @ 210F
Weld Point, kg
Operating Range, C
F
Min. Dispensing
Temperature, C/F
Precision
Gold
Gold
Moly
Heavy
Lithium
Complex
Gold
Lithium
Complex
Grey
Lithium
Complex
Gold
Gold
Heavy
EP 00
Lithium
Complex
Gold
314
294/561
324
>305/>581
300
>301/>574
419
301/574
100
12.7
464
69
27/60
250
-45 to 170
-49 to 338
100
12.7
464
69
27/60
315
-40 to 170
-40 to 338
488
44
2261
207
27/60
315
-30 to 170
-22 to 338
488
44
2261
207
25/55
315
-40 to 170
-40 to 338
-40/-40
-40/-40
-25/-13
-35/-31
140
GREASES
PEERLESS LLG
Peerless LLG is a superior, high performance, calcium sulphonate complex
grease, specifically formulated for high temperature and very long life
applications. It has a distinctive burgundy colour and is designed to match
the performance of polyurea thickened greases.
Peerless LLG has a NLGI No. 2 consistency and meets NLGI Automotive
Service Classification GC-LB.
Peerless LLG is recommended for all sealed-for-life bearings found on automotive and industrial equipment, as well as other life-pack applications, such
as constant-velocity joints. It is also recommended for equipment, such as
kilns and ovens, with bearings and slide-ways operating continuously at
temperatures up to 200C/392F or intermittently as high as 300C/572F.
It can also be used to grease electric-motor bearings.
Peerless
LLG
Calcium Sulphonate/
Carbonate Complex
Burgundy
Soap Type
Colour
Worked Penetration
@ 25C
Dropping Point, C/F
Base Oil Viscosity
cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUS @ 100F
SUS @ 210F
Weld Point, kg
270
314/597
95
10.8
440
62
27/60
500
141
GREASES
GREASE OG
Grease OG products are based on a special type of calcium sulphonate complex thickener, which is most effective in the presence of water. They are
capable of absorbing moderate levels of water without softening or changing
consistency, while still providing outstanding rust protection. These unusual
properties are enhanced by their capabilities as EP multipurpose, high temperature greases. Their white colour makes them ideal where cleanliness and
non-staining properties are at a premium. They are approved by the Canadian
Food Inspection Agency for use in food plant machinery, where there is no
direct food contact.
Grease OG-2 is an NLGI #2 grade with excellent adhesiveness and is
ideally suited for all types of industrial and automotive bearings, for 5th
wheels, forklift mast slides, king pins, and for open gears. Grease OG-2 meets
the NLGI GC-LB standard for wheel bearing and chassis lubrication.
Grease OG-2 PC Red is Grease OG-2, dyed a red colour.
Grease OG-1 is an NLGI #1 grade with lower oil viscosity and thickener
content for ease of pumpability under cooler ambient conditions. Grease OG-1
meets the NLGI GC-LB standard for wheel bearing and chassis lubrication.
Grease OG-0 is an NLGI #0 grade designed for use in low ambient
temperature conditions.
Grease OG-Plus is particularly recommended for the wet end bearings of

paper mills with its superior sealing properties and extremely low water
washout. It is designed to prevent the bearing/grease failures in the paper
mills to provide longer re-lubrication intervals and protect equipment better.
Soap Type
OG-0
OG-1
Calcium
Calcium
Sulfonate/ Sulfonate/
Carbonate Carbonate
Complex Complex
Cream
Cream
Colour
Worked Penetration
@ 25C
365
325
Dropping Point, C/F
245/473
310/590
Base Oil Viscosity
cSt @ 40C
40
43
cSt @ 100C
7.3
8.9
SUS @ 100F
187
200
SUS @ 210F
50
55
23/50
27/60
Weld Point, kg
500
500
Operating Range, C
-35 to 163 -30 to 163
F
-31 to 325 -22 to 325
Minimum Dispensing
Temp C/F
-27/-17
-22/-8
142
Grease OG
OG-2
OG-2 PC Red
Calcium
Calcium
Sulfonate/ Sulfonate/
Carbonate Carbonate
Complex
Complex
Cream
Red
OG-Plus
Calcium
Sulfonate/
Carbonate
Complex
Cream
270
300/572
270
300/572
245
304/579
73
9.4
339
57
27/60
500
-25 to 163
-13 to 325
73
9.4
339
57
27/60
500
-25 to 163
-13 to 325
73
-18/0
-18/0
338
27/60
500
-20 to 163
-4 to 325
GREASES
ARDEE EP 000 ROCK DRILL LUBRICANT

Ardee EP 000 is a semi-fluid grease specially formulated for mist-free
operation when used in air-operated rock drills and similar mining equipment.
It meets the requirements of rock drill manufacturers, such as Ingersoll-Rand,
Worthington, Joy and Parts Headquarters.
Ardee EP 000 can be applied easily at low temperatures in the 0 to 5C/32 to
41F range and field testing has confirmed it will still flow down to -20C/-4F.
Ardee
EP 000
Lithium
Dark Amber
Soap Type
Colour
Worked Penetration
@ 25C
Dropping Point, C/F
Base Oil Viscosity
cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUS @ 100F
SUS @ 210F
Weld Point, kg
458
158/316
129
13.1
600
71
18/40
200
SVG 102 VALVE GREASE

SVG 102 is an NLGI #1 grease formulated primarily for the lubrication of the
internal parts of valves employed in the production and distribution of sour gas
in natural gas plants.
It protects the valves against corrosion and the deleterious effects of hydrogen
sulphide present in these gas streams. SVG 102 has also been successfully
applied to valves used in LPG and water injection systems in the oil and gas
industry.
SVG 102
Calcium
Sulfonate Complex
Green/Grey
Soap Type
Colour
Worked Penetration
@ 25C
Dropping Point, C/F
Base Oil Viscosity
cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUS @ 100F
SUS @ 210F
Weld Point, kg
324
262/504
101
11.2
468
64
27/60
620
143
GREASES
XCG-FLEX - COUPLING GREASE

XCG-Flex is a calcium sulfonate complex grease with outstanding mechanical
stability and resistance to oil separation. In addition, it has a high-load carrying
ability, a high dropping point and excellent resistance to corrosion and water
wash-out.
These properties make XCG-Flex an ideal choice for use in high-speed
flexible couplings, where severe centrifugal forces are generated. It prevents
oxidative fretting corrosion and protects against wear under potentially high
gear tooth loadings and vibration. XCG-Flex meets AGMA coupling grease
specifications CG-1 and CG-2.
XCG-Flex
Calcium
Sulfonate/Carbonate Complex
Green/Grey
335
290/554
Soap Type
Colour
Dropping Point, C/F
Base Oil Viscosity
cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUS@ 100F
SUS@ 210F
Oil Separation, %
Water Wash-out, %
329
22.5
1524
109
30/65
0.1
1.5
RAIL CURVE GREASE

RAIL CURVE GREASE is a water-resistant, graphite grease suitable for All
Season use in mechanical applicators of trackside lubrication systems as well
as on-board lubrication systems such as the Clicomatic system. It offers
improved wear protection, excellent adhesion and the benefit of being able to
perform over a wide temperature range.
It is recommended for the following application: Track-side mechanical lubricators, on-board lubrication systems, such as the Clicomatic system, switches,
switch plates (hand applied/brushed), fish plates and joint bars, and other
railway applications where graphite greases are recommended.
Soap Type
Lithium
12-hydroxystearate
Black/Grey
328
185/365
Colour
Dropping Point, C/F
Base Oil Viscosity
cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUS@ 100F
SUS@ 210F
Weld Point, kg
20.6
4.1
100
39.8
18/40
400
144
GREASES
GEAR LUBRICANTS/CAM COMPOUNDS

VULCAN
The Vulcan family of grease-based gear lubricants are sophisticated, nextgeneration lubricants, designed for use on large, heavy-duty, open and
enclosed gear drives, as well as bearings and exposed sliding surfaces. This
machinery is most commonly found in open-pit mining operations, using large
mining shovels, excavators and draglines.
Vulcan Synthetic All Season - is an environmentally-friendly, solvent-free,
open gear fluid specifically designed to provide ONE LUBRICANT for mining shovels, draglines, excavators, drills and haul trucks. Its wide operating
temperature range allows it to be used year-round at most mines. Vulcan Synthetic All Season resists water wash-off from the shovel stick under all weather
conditions and has a lower temperature limit of -40C/F.
Vulcan Synthetic Arctic - is a similar environmentally-friendly, solvent-free
product, with a proven track record in very cold temperatures encountered in
sub-Arctic regions in the Winter.
Vulcan Heavy - is a slightly thicker product than the other Vulcan Fluids, formulated with a more viscous base oil for a greater load carrying capacity at
warmer ambient temperatures.
Vulcan EGF 1000 (Enclosed Gear Fluid) - is a semi-fluid grease intended for
use in heavily loaded enclosed gear-boxes found on mining shovels, draglines
and excavators. It is also recommended for use in the enclosed gear drives of
underground mining locomotives, as a ball-mill gear lubricant and on open
gears in heavily loaded mills and tumblers.
Soap Type
Worked Penetration
@ 25C
Dropping Point C/F
Apparent Viscosity**
cSt @ 40C
Brittle Point, C/F
Weld Point, kg
Operating Range, C
F
Minimum Dispensing,****
Centralised System C/F
All Season
Synthetic
Aluminum
Complex
Vulcan
Synthetic
Heavy
Arctic
Aluminum Aluminum
Complex
Complex
395
246/475
393*
195/383
7248
< -57/<-71
27/60
500
-40 to +40
-40 to 104
3840
< -57/<-71
23/50
500
-50 to +10
-50 to 50
-40/-40
-50/-58
372
213/415
EGF 1000
Aluminum
Complex
451
205/401
15,800
5880
-50/ -58
< -57/<-71
27/60
23/50
800
400
-15 to 150 -40 to 100***
-45 to 302 -40 to 212
-15/+5
-30/-22
* Plastic cone used

** Viscosity as applied apparent viscosity is the ratio of shear stress to shear rate of a
non-Newtonian fluid this information can be valuable in predicting the ease of
pumping and dispensing of greases.
*** Based on pumpablity test, but is dependent on the design and type of the dispensing
systems, length and diameter of the lines, the mode of application and rate of
pressurization.
**** Once the gear case is filled, the gearing system can operate at temperatures as low
as -40C/F based on actual operation.
145
GREASES
CAM COMPOUNDS
Petro-Canada Cam Compound and Cam Compound Light are designed for
use on Bucyrus International Inc., draglines incorporating the Rolling
(Monighan) Cam mechanism. They conform to Bucyrus International Inc.,
specification X-2640, Scope B.
Thickener Type
Colour
Worked Penetration
@ 25C
Dropping Point, C/F
Base Oil Viscosity
cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUS @ 100F
SUS @ 210F
Weld Point, kg
Operating Range, C
F
Minimum Dispensing Temperature, C/F
Cam
Compound
Clay
Black
Cam Compound
Light
Clay
Black
338
>304/>579
356
>304/>579
588
31.1
2800
147
23/50
800
-20 to >100
-4 to >212
-15/+5
75
10
346
58
23/50
800
-35 to >100
-31 to >212
-30/-22
SLIDE CAM COMPOUNDS

Petro-Canada Slide Cam Compounds are designed to lubricate the Cam and
Slide Walking Mechanisms found on Bucyrus International Inc., draglines.
They conform to Bucyrus International Inc., specification X-2636, Scope A and
B and have an NLGI #00 consistency.
Thickener Type
Colour
Worked Penetration
@ 25C
Dropping Point, C/F
Base Oil Viscosity
cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUS @ 100F
SUS @ 210F
Weld Point, kg
Operating Range, C
F
Minimum Dispensing Temperature, C/F
146
Slide Cam
Compound
Clay
Grey-Black
Slide Cam
Comp. Light
Clay
Grey-Black
406
>304/>579
412
>304/>579
576
31.8
2700
151
23/50
800
-25 to >100
-13 to >212
-20/-4
185
17.3
855
87
25/55
620
-35 to >100
-31 to >212
-30/-22
GREASES
GEAR SHIELD* OPEN GEAR LUBRICANTS

Gearshield NC and P are semi-fluid lubricants designed for the open gear
systems found in many types of ore-crushing mills, including ball, rod and sag
mills, as well as kilns and dryers.
They meet the requirements of most major mill and gear manufacturers,
including UBE, Koppers, Falk, Dominion, Boliden-Allis, Metso (Svedala) and
Fuller.
Gearshield
NC
P
Black
Black
Colour
Worked Penetration
@ 25C
Dropping Point, C/F
Base Oil Viscosity
cSt @ 40C (with diluent)
cSt @ 100C (without diluent)
SUS @ 100F (with diluent)
SUS @ 212F (without diluent)
Weld Point, kg
395
26/78
447
24/75
4930
1620
26,000
7650
18/40
400
6340
1300
34,000
6200
20/45
400
GEAR DRESSING EP
Gear Dressing EP is a high quality water and heat resistant lubricant with
very tenacious film characteristics. Having this feature provides increased
protection against abnormally heavy loads and pressures. It is specially
formulated for the lubrication of industrial open gears and chains when
applied by a caulking gun.
Gear Dressing
EP
Clay
Black
Thickener Type
Colour
Worked Penetration
@ 25C
Dropping Point, C/F
Weld Point, kg
305
300++/572+
+
20/45
315
147
GREASES
SEMI-FLUID GREASE EP
Semi-Fluid Grease EP is an extreme pressure, semi-fluid lithium grease inhibited against wear, rust and oxidation. This grease was specifically designed for
use in leaky or poorly sealed gear boxes. Applications in general industry
include leaky speed reducers*, chain cases, bearings and in centralized
grease systems. It is also well suited to the gear boxes of continuous miners
operating in the coal and potash industries.
*Grease level must cover one-half the gear shaft bearings.
Semi-Fluid
Grease EP
Soap Type
Lithium
Colour
Dark Amber
Worked Penetration
@ 25C
467
Dropping Point, C/F
198/388
Base Oil Viscosity
cSt @ 40C
325
cSt @ 100C
24
SUS @ 100F
1506
SUS @ 210F
115
18/40
Weld Point, kg
250
148
GREASES
FOOD GRADE GREASES

PURITY FG FOOD MACHINERY GREASE
PURITY FG Greases are advanced food grade lubricants specially formulated
to deliver superior performance and food grade purity under the highly
demanding conditions of food processing operations. They can be used in a
wide range of food processing applications including sleeve and anti-friction
bearings, slides, guides and couplings found on food processing machinery.
PURITY FG Greases exhibit good low temperature pumpability and excellent
resistance to water wash-out and spray loss. In addition, they have superior
anti-wear and EP properties, protect against rust and corrosion and are white
in colour.
NSF H1 registered
complies with FDA 21 CFR 178.3570 Lubricants with incidental food contact
certified Kosher and Pareve by Star K
Free of genetically modified substances (GMS)
Maintains food allergy safety:
- free of gluten
- contains no peanuts, tree nuts or their derivatives
- manufactured in a facility that does not manufacture, store or otherwise handle any peanut or tree nut products
PURITY FG Food Machinery Grease
FG
FG 00
Aluminum
Aluminum
Complex
Complex
1.5
00
Cream White
Cream White
295
422
277/531
203/397
Soap Type
NGLI Grade
Colour
Dropping Point, C/F
Base Oil Viscosity
cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUS @ 100F
SUS @ 210F
Weld Point, kg / lb
Operating Temperature Range
min
max
149
176
16.0
815
82
16/35
315/694
176
16.0
815
82
16/35
315/694
-20C (-4F)
160C (320F)
-35C (-31F)
120C (248F)
GREASES
PURITY FG SYNTHETIC FOOD MACHINERY GREASE

PURITY FG Synthetic Grease is specially formulated to provide outstanding
lubrication in food processing applications running under heavier loads or
subject to high and low temperature extremes. It is recommended as a multipurpose lubricant across all food processing applications including mixing,
cooking, stirring, baking, frying, packaging, canning and bottling.
NSF H1 registered
certified Halal by IFANCA
PURITY FG Synthetic
Food Machinery Grease
2
Calcium Sulfonate/
Carbonate Complex
Cream
294
304/579
NGLI Grade
Soap Type
Colour
Dropping Point, C/F
Base Oil Viscosity
cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUS @ 100F
SUS @ 210F
Weld Point, kg / lb
45.8
7.8
213
52
27/60
400/882
-45C (-49F) to 200C (392F)
150
GREASES
#2 WHITE CALCIUM GREASE

#2 White Calcium Food Machinery Grease is a multipurpose food grade
grease which will satisfy the lubrication requirements of a large number of
food industry applications. This product comes close to being odorless and
tasteless, and meets the highest food industry purity standards.
The lubrication properties of this grease are excellent. It maintains consistency and provides effective lubrication in the presence of water, juices and
mild acids; and it provides excellent rust and antiwear-protection.
NSF H1 registered
#2 White Calcium Food Machinery Grease
NLGI Grade
2
Colour
White
Thickener Type
Calcium 12-hydroxystearate
Worked Penetration, 60 Strokes
278
Dropping Point, C/F
151/304
Base Oil Viscosity
cSt @ 100C
14.2
SUS @ 210F
75
Operating Temperature Range, C,F
-20C (-4F) to 90C (194F)
151
GREASES
BARIUM GREASES
BARIMOL HEAVY
Barimol Heavy is a long-fibred, highly tenacious grease thickened by a barium
complex soap, and fortified with molybdenum disulphide. This grease operates
over a wide temperature range, and has outstanding adhesive and cohesive
properties which enables it to repel water. As this grease contains
molybdenum disulphide, it has enhanced extreme pressure properties, and
protects well against shock loads and vibration.
Barimol Heavy grease is particularly recommended for use on the chassis
and fifth wheels of highway trucks, and for greasing heavy duty off-highway
mobile equipment. It is also highly effective in lubricating mining and quarrying
equipment, particularly jaw crusher bearings.
Soap Type
Colour
Worked Penetration
@ 25C
Dropping Point, C/F
Base Oil Viscosity
cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUS @ 100F
SUS @ 210F
Weld Point, kg
Operating Range, C
F
Barimol Heavy
Barium Complex
Dark Grey
299
239/462
101
11
470
62
14/30
250
-20 to 150
-4 to 302
DRILL ROD HEAVY GREASE

Drill Rod Heavy Grease is recommended for use on diamond drill rods where
it reduces friction between the rod and rock strata. This tenaceous, long fibre
barium grease, has lubricated successfully to more than 2000 foot drill depths
without wash off, or wipe off.
Drill Rod
Heavy Grease
Barium Complex
Green/Brown
Soap Type
Colour
Worked Penetration
@ 25C
Dropping Point, C/F
Base Oil Viscosity
cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUS @ 100F
SUS @ 210F
234
201/394
156
14
721
76
152
GREASES
NON-MELTING GREASES
BENTONE RM2
Bentone RM2 is formulated from a petroleum oil and a clay thickener to produce
a high temperature multi-purpose grease. It has excellent stability and its nondripping characteristics make it suitable for applications where it is essential to
avoid leakage.
Although it will not melt at high temperature, continued exposure will result
in oxidation and vaporization of the mineral oil component. This grease is
recommended for the lubrication of bearings operating continuously at
temperatures up to 150C (300F).
Bentone RM2 grease contains molybdenum disulphide which imparts properties
of extreme pressure and shock load protection.
Bentone
RM2
Bentone Clay
Dark Grey
Thickener Type
Colour
Worked Penetration
@ 25C
Dropping Point, C/F
Base Oil Viscosity
cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUS @ 100F
SUS @ 210F
Weld Point, kg
274
>304/>579
162
15.7
752
81
620
THERMEX
Thermex grease is a red NLGI #2 grade formulated with a silica gel thickener,
a synthetic oil and an oxidation inhibitor. Thermex grease has excellent shear
stability and has a good service life at temperatures in excess of 260C.
When exposed to high temperatures it neither softens nor melts as conventional
greases do. It does not harden or carbonize at these extreme temperatures
because the fluid component vaporizes slowly, leaving little or no deposit.
Regular greasing intervals replaces the normal evaporation loss. The required
interval varies by application.
Thermex
Silica Gel
Thickener Type
Worked Penetration
@ 25C
Dropping Point, C/F
Base Oil Viscosity
cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUV @ 100F
SUV @ 210F
Weld Point, kg
280
260+/500+
227
37
1052
174
160
153
GREASES
DRILLING COMPOUNDS
API MODIFIED THREAD COMPOUND
This grease contains 64% solids (graphite, lead, zinc and copper) and
conforms to API Bulletin 5A2 on Thread Compounds for Casing, Tubing and
Line Pipe. It is designed to protect threads from galling and to provide a
positive seal against drilling fluids.
API Modified
Thread Comp.
Aluminum Complex
Soap Type
Worked Penetration
@ 25C
Dropping Point, C/F
Base Oil Viscosity
cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUV @ 100F
SUV @ 210F
325
138/280
101
11.2
468
64
TOOL JOINT COMPOUND
Tool Joint Compound contains 51% of finely powdered zinc and conforms to
API Specification 7, Appendix F Recommended Thread Compounds for
Rotary Shouldered Connections. It is applied to pipe connections to prevent
galling and provide a positive seal against drilling mud pressure.
Tool Joint
Compound
Aluminum Complex
Soap Type
Worked Penetration
@ 25C
Dropping Point, C/F
Base Oil Viscosity
cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUS @ 100F
SUS @ 210F
280
196/385
101
11.2
468
64
154
FOOD GRADE LUBRICANTS

Petro-Canada PURITY FG fluids and lubricants are advanced products formulated to meet the tough demands of food and beverage processing operations
while maintaining food grade purity.
Blended from 99.9% pure, crystal clear base oils produced from a patented
HT Purity process, PURITY FG products are fortified with specially selected
additives to protect against wear, shock loading, and corrosion. They are
highly resistant to the harsh conditions found in most food and beverage processing operations, including high pressure water sprays and water contamination, exposure to fats, acids, cleaning and sanitizing solutions.
PURITY FG Synthetic products are blended with PAO synthetic base stocks to
provide the same outstanding lubrication performance over an even wider
range of operating temperatures.
All PURITY FG products meet the highest food industry purity standards and
fit perfectly in HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) and GMP
(Good Manufacturing Practice) plans.
PURITY* FG CHAIN FLUIDS

PURITY* FG Chain Fluids are formulated to lubricate all types of drive and
conveyor chains as well as bearings found on food processing machinery.
They may be applied by brush or drip feed as well as by centralized lubrication
systems. They can be applied at temperatures up to 200C (392F); however,
equipment should be re-oiled more frequently at temperatures above 150C
(302F).
These advanced food grade fluids include special tackifiers to ensure strong
adherence to metal surfaces and resistance to dripping; throw-off; and water
spray loss.
NSF H1 registered
- free of gluten
Purity FG Chain Fluid
Light
Heavy
151
370
19.8
44.0
700
1714
98
206
150
175
230/446
240/464
-12/+10
-12/+10
0.4
0.4
12
12
Viscosity cSt @ 40C

cSt @ 100C
SUS @ 100F
SUS @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C/F
Pour Point, C/F
4 Ball Wear Scar Diam., mm
FZG Stage Pass
155
PURITY* FG COMPRESSOR FLUIDS

PURITY* FG Compressor Fluids are formulated to deliver superior performance and longer service life than leading specialty food grade compressor
fluids. Typical applications include the lubrication of air compressors and vacuum pumps used for producing, manufacturing, packaging, preparing food and
food packaging.
PURITY FG Compressor Fluids resists thermal and oxidative breakdown
which prevents varnish from building up on compressor parts and extends
fluid life. PURITY FG Compressor Fluids are recommended for use in rotary
screw compressors for up to 4,000 hours at a maximum air discharge temperature of 85C.
NSF H1 registered
certified Kosher by Star K
- free of gluten
32
Viscosity cSt @ 40C
32
cSt @ 100C
5.6
SUS @ 100F
151
SUS @ 210F
44
Viscosity Index
110
Flash Point, C/F
211/412
Pour Point, C/F
-15/+5
Oxidation stability RBOT, minutes 1000+
FZG Stage Pass
12
156
Purity FG
46
68
47
68
7.1
9.0
217
317
49
56
108
104
230/446
245/473
-12/+10
-12/+10
1000+
1000+
12
12
100
101
11.4
468
64
98
254/489
-12/+10
1000+
12
PURITY FG FOOD MACHINERY GREASE

PURITY FG Greases are advanced food grade lubricants specially formulated
to deliver superior performance and food grade purity under the highly
demanding conditions of food processing operations. They can be used in a
wide range of food processing applications including sleeve and anti-friction
bearings, slides, guides and couplings found on food processing machinery.
PURITY FG Greases exhibit good low temperature pumpability and excellent
resistance to water wash-out and spray loss. In addition, they have superior
anti-wear and EP properties, protect against rust and corrosion and are white
in colour.
NSF H1 registered
- free of gluten
PURITY FG Food Machinery Grease
FG
FG 00
Aluminum
Aluminum
Complex
Complex
1.5
00
Cream White
Cream White
295
422
277/531
203/397
Soap Type
NGLI Grade
Colour
Dropping Point, C/F
Base Oil Viscosity
cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUS @ 100F
SUS @ 210F
Weld Point, kg
min
max
157
176
16.0
815
82
16/35
315/694
176
16.0
815
82
16/35
315/694
-20C (-4F)
160C (320F)
-35C (-31F)
120C (248F)
PURITY FG SYNTHETIC FOOD MACHINERY GREASE

PURITY FG Synthetic Grease is specially formulated to provide outstanding
lubrication in food processing applications running under heavier loads or
subject to high and low temperature extremes. It is recommended as a multipurpose lubricant across all food processing applications including mixing,
cooking, stirring, baking, frying, packaging, canning and bottling.
NSF H1 registered
PURITY FG Synthetic
Food Machinery Grease
2
Calcium Sulfonate/
Carbonate Complex
Cream
294
304/579
NGLI Grade
Soap Type
Colour
Dropping Point, C/F
Base Oil Viscosity
cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUS @ 100F
SUS @ 210F
Weld Point, kg
45.8
7.8
213
52
27/60
400/882
-45C (-49F) to 200C (392F)
158
PURITY* FG EP GEAR FLUIDS

PURITY* FG EP Gear Fluids are advanced food grade lubricants formulated
to deliver superior, longer lasting protection of enclosed gear drives (worm,
helical, bevel and spur) used in food processing machinery. Because of their
inherently low volatility, PURITY FG EP Gear Fluids may be used in oil mist
lubricating systems where specific mist control additives are not required.
They can also be used in bearings and chain drives, providing long service life
and clean operation.
NSF H1 registered
- free of gluten
Purity FG EP Gear Fluid
100
150
220
320
Viscosity cSt @ 40C
103
144
206
327
cSt @ 100C
11.6
14.2
17.6
23.2
SUS @ 100F
478
668
953
1516
SUS @ 210F
65
75
88
112
Viscosity Index
100
95
92
89
Flash Point, C/F
269/516 247/477 233/451 223/433
Pour Point, C/F
-15/+5
-18/0
-18/0
-21/-6
FZG Stage Pass
12
12
12
12
AGMA No.
3
4
5
6
159
460
479
29.3
2219
139
88
199/390
-27/-17
12
7
PURITY* FG SYNTHETIC EP GEAR FLUIDS

PURITY FG Synthetic EP Gear Fluids are specially formulated to provide
outstanding lubrication in food processing applications running under heavier
loads or subject to high or low temperature extremes. Typical applications
include enclosed gear drives (worm, helical, bevel and spur), plain and
anti-friction bearings, and chain drives used in food processing machinery.
PURITY FG Synthetic EP Gear Fluids are fortified with specially selected
additives to provide outstanding resistance to oxidation and protection from
wear and shock loading.
NSF H1 registered
Viscosity cSt @ 40C

cSt @ 100C
SUS @ 100F
SUS @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C/F
Pour Point, C/F
FZG Stage Pass
AGMA No.
PURITY FG Synthetic EP Gear Fluid

220
213
26.4
987
126
158
273/523
-40/-40
160
PURITY* FG HEAT TRANSFER FLUID

PURITY* FG Heat Transfer Fluid is a food grade heat transfer fluid formulated
to provide long-life and clean, odourless operation in systems operating up to
326C (620F). Typical applications include central cooking facilities, drying,
edible oil deodorizing and the heating of deep frying oils. PURITY FG Heat
Transfer Fluid is also used in the manufacture of plastic bottles, films and
containers for the packaging of food products.
This thermally stable fluid is fortified with specially selected additives to provide outstanding protection from oxidative breakdown. It can lower operating
costs by reducing the frequency of fluid change-outs in operations that require
the use of a food grade product.
NSF HT1 registered
- free of gluten
Viscosity cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUS @ 100F
SUS @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C/F
Pour Point, C/F
Autoignition Temp C / F
Max Bulk Temp, C / F

35.6
6.0
167
46
113
212/414
-15/+5
354/669
326/620
161
PURITY* FG AW HYDRAULIC FLUIDS

PURITY* FG AW Hydraulic Fluids are advanced food grade lubricants specially formulated to deliver superior, long lasting protection in hydraulic systems used in food processing and pharmaceutical operations. They provide
excellent performance in high pressure systems including applications operating at more than 1000 PSI (7000 kPa). They may also be used to lubricate
anti-friction bearings, in general circulating systems, and in inline oilers in
pneumatic systems commonly found in food packaging applications.
NSF H1 registered
- free of gluten
Viscosity cSt @ 40C

cSt @ 100C
SUS @ 100F
SUS @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C/F
Pour Point, C/F
FZG Stage Pass
Four-Ball Wear (mm)
(40kg, 1200 rpm, 1 hr., 75C)
32
30
5.2
141
43
101
225/437
-18/0
12
Purity FG AW Hydraulic Fluid

46
68
100
45
63
102
6.8
8.4
11.5
202
294
471
48
54
65
102
102
99
245/473
253/487
267/513
-18/0
-18/0
-15/+5
12
12
12
0.46
162
0.48
0.49
0.44
PURITY FG MF AEROSOL LUBRICANT

PURITY* FG MF Aerosol is an advanced multipurpose food grade lubricant
packaged in a convenient 290 gram / 400 mL aerosol can. Typical applications
include chains, rails and guides, slides, pivots, cables and linkages, gears,
hinges and small bearings used in food processing operations. It is also an
excellent release agent for gaskets and seals.
PURITY* FG MF contains special tackifiers to reduce drips and fling off from
moving parts.
NSF H1 registered
- free of gluten
PURITY FG MF
Aerosol Lubricant
151
19.8
700
98
150
230/446
-12/+10
12
Viscosity cSt @ 40C

cSt @ 100C
SUS @ 100F
SUS @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C/F
Pour Point, C/F
FZG Stage Pass
163
PURITY FG TROLLEY FLUID

PURITY FG Trolley Fluid is formulated to lubricate hook and trolley systems
in meat processing operations. It can also be used as a low viscosity lubricating fluid for chains and conveyors, and as a rust protective oil. PURITY FG
Trolley Fluid is fortified with specially selected additives to provide outstanding
resistance to wear and corrosion, and to protect against oil drips.
NSF H1 registered
- free of gluten
PURITY FG Trolley Fluid

46
43.7
7.3
204
50.1
131
215/419
-15/+5
0.5
Viscosity cSt @ 40C

cSt @ 100C
SUS @ 100F
SUS @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, C/F
Pour Point, C/F
Four-Ball Wear scar diameter, mm
164
PURITY FG WO WHITE MINERAL OILS

PURITY FG WO white mineral oils are ultra pure, food grade white mineral oils
specially formulated for food processing, pharmaceutical and agricultural
industries. Blended with a stabilizer for extended shelf life, PURITY FG WO
white mineral oils are ideally suited for applications that require a straight,
non-toxic white mineral oil. These applications include direct and indirect food
contact in the production, packaging, and processing of food. PURITY FG WO
oils may also be used in cosmetics and pharmaceutical processing aids.
NSF H1, 3H registered
complies with FDA 21 CFR 178.3570 Lubricants with incidental food contact, CFR 21 -Section 176.170 - Components of paper and paperboard;
CFR 21, Section 172.878 - White Mineral Oil and CFR 21, Section
178.3620 (a) - White Mineral Oil in contact with aqueous and fatty foods.
- free of gluten
-manufactured in a facility that does not manufacture, store or otherwise handle any peanut or tree nut products
Viscosity,cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUS @ 100F
SUS @ 210F
Density, kg/l @ 15C
Flash Point, C/F
Pour Point, C/F
Colour, Saybolt
15
15
3.4
77
38
0.846
175/347
-18/0
30
PURITY FG WO Fluids
35
90
34
103
5.8
11.8
160
476
45
66
0.855
0.870
220/428
266/511
-18/0
-15/+5
30
30
#2 WHITE CALCIUM FOOD MACHINERY GREASE

For details on this product, see page 151 under the heading of Food Grade
Greases.
165
166
PROCESS FLUIDS
PROCESS FLUIDS
INTRODUCTION
Petro-Canadas line of Process Fluids are select blends of high quality base
fluids, designed for use by industry in a wide range of finished products.
Petro-Canadas line of Process Fluids comprises:
Paraflex HT Fluids
Cycloflex Oils
VHVI Specialty Base Fluids
Puredrill Drilling Mud Base Fluids

PARAFLEX HT FLUID
Paraflex HT Fluids are carefully controlled blends of the advanced base oils
produced from Petro-Canadas HT Purity Process, which removes undesirable
polar and aromatic compounds from the product. Composed of saturated
hydrocarbons, Paraflex HT Fluids are crystal clear and have low toxicity.
Paraflex HT Fluids are recommended for use as raw materials in the manufacture of a wide range of chemical, elastomer, lubricant and specialty products.
Density, kg/l @ 15C
Colour, ASTM
Viscosity
cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUV @ 100F
SUV @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Pour Point, C/F
Aromatics, %Wt
Density, kg/l @ 15C

Colour, ASTM
Viscosity
cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUV @ 100F
SUV @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Pour Point, C/F
Aromatics, % Wt
3
0.845
<0.5
3.4
1.3
38
<32
-33/-27
2.2
4
0.835
<0.5
Paraflex HT
5
9
0.850
0.836
<0.5
<0.5
3.4
5.2
9.8
1.3
1.7
2.6
39
44
61
<32
<32
35
98
-57/-71 -12/+10 -32/-26
0.2
2.1
0.1
10
0.860
<0.5
15
0.860
<0.5
10.2
2.6
62
35
78
-30/-22
0.5
15.5
3.5
84
38
101
-24/-11
0.5
22
0.863
<0.5
32
0.864
<0.5
Paraflex HT
46
0.865
<0.5
68
0.867
<0.5
100
0.870
<0.5
21.8
4.3
114
41
97
-15/+5
0.5
34.2
5.5
178
45
97
-18/0
0.5
46.6
7.0
240
50
106
-18/0
0.5
69.2
9.1
358
56
106
-15/+5
0.5
103
12.0
564
68
101
-12/+10
0.5
167
PROCESS FLUIDS
CYCLOFLEX OIL
Cycloflex Oils are dark coloured, heavier viscosity oils. Their chemical composition is similar to solvent-refined oils, with aromatic contents ranging from 1.5
to 40%.
Density, kg/l @ 15C
Colour, ASTM
Viscosity
cSt @ 40C
cSt @ 100C
SUV @ 100F
SUV @ 210F
Viscosity Index
Pour Point, C/F
Aromatics, % Wt
150
0.881
6.0
Cycloflex
220
0.889
7.0
320
0.895
8.0
1000
0.914
>8.0
150
14.4
783
77
94
-6/+21
1.4
220
18.3
1166
93
91
-6/+21
3.5
320
22.5
1712
112
87
-6/+21
7.1
1034
43.9
5689
212
78
+3/+37
38
PUREDRILL* DRILLING MUD BASE FLUIDS

Petro-Canada PureDrill* onshore and offshore drilling mud base fluids are
specifically designed to minimize the environmental impact on natural
habitats, and to improve rig worker health and safety. In addition, significant
improvements in drilling efficiency and reduced bit wear can be realized.
PureDrill* IA-35 is an ultra-pure synthetic isoalkane fluid ideally suited for use
where regulations require environmentally friendly products. PureDrill* IA-35
is also readily biodegradable.
PureDrill* IA-35LV is a low-viscosity synthetic drilling mud base fluid specifically developed for off-shore, ultra-deep, cold-water drilling operations.
PureDrill* HT-30 is an enhanced mineral oil, specially formulated to respond to
the demanding conditions of onshore drilling.
PureDrill* HT-40 is specifically developed for onshore drilling, but is also
suitable for offshore zero-discharge drilling (where regulations do not permit
discharge). It is a unique blend of synthetic isoalkane fluids, and severely
hydrocracked low-toxicity mineral oil representing a much safer, odourless
replacement for diesel fuel.
Typical properties for these fluids are given below:

PureDrill* PureDrill* PureDrill* PureDrill*
IA-35
IA-35LV
HT-30
HT-40
Density, kg/l @ 15C
0.835
0.816
0.821
0.845
Colour, ASTM
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
Appearance
Water White Water White Water White Water White
Kinematic Viscosity, cSt @ 40C
3.5
2.6
2.6
3.4
SUV @ 100F
37.6
34.6
34.6
37.3
Flash Point, PM D93, C/F
134/273
96/205
94/201
124/255
Pour Point, C/F
-57/-71
60/140
-36/-33
Smr-22/-8
Wtr-33/-27
Aniline Point, C/F
90/194
82/180
83/181
77/171
Polynuclear Aromatics, ppm
0.0
0.0
<10
<10
168
PROCESS FLUIDS
DUST SUPPRESSANT FLUID DSF 65

Petro-Canada Dust Suppressant Fluid DSF 65 is a safe, non-toxic fluid
designed to reduce the generation of airborne particulate matter on roads,
fields, and industrial equipment. Odourless and colourless, DSF 65 is nontoxic to humans, animals, aquatic life and plants. Dust Suppressant Fluid DSF
65 is especially recommended for use in environmentally sensitive areas.
Although application rates will vary with the circumstances, typical rates range
from 0.75 to 2 litres/m2.
The typical characteristics are as follows:
Dust Suppressant Fluid DSF 65
0.83
9.5
2.6
59
35
177/351
-36/-33
Undetectable
Density @ 15C, kg/l

cSt @ 100C
SUS @ 100F
SUS @ 210F
Flash Point, C/F
Pour Point, C/F
Polynuclear Aromatics, ppm
169
PROCESS FLUIDS
VHVI SPECIALTY BASE FLUIDS

Petro-Canada Specialty Base Fluids are a series of severely hydrocracked,
very high VI mineral base fluids of exceptionally high purity and low colour.
They also combine low volatility with low aromatics content, and are readily
biodegradable.
Typical characteristics for these fluids are as follows:
Density, kg/l @ 15C
Colour, ASTM
cSt @ 100C
SUV @ 100F
Viscosity Index
Flash Point, COC, C/F
Pour Point, C/F
Aromatics, Wt %
Polynuclear Aromatics, %
VHVI 2
0.830
<0.5
9.3
2.5
56
100
177/351
-42/-44
0.15
<0.1
170
VHVI 4
0.841
<0.5
20.8
4.5
101
130
215/419
-24/-11
0.25
<0.1
VHVI 6
0.845
<1.0
34.1
6.0
160
127
230/446
-15/+5
0.20
<0.1
VHVI 8
0.850
<1.5
54.2
8.0
252
124
248/478
-12/+10
0.20
<0.1
FUELS & REFINERY PRODUCTS

In addition to our world scale Lubricants base oil manufacturing and blending plant
in Mississauga, Ontario, Petro-Canada operates two modern refineries:
Montreal, Quebec
and Edmonton, Alberta.
These refineries all produce gasolines and diesel fuels, and each refinery
makes certain specialty products such as aviation fuels, solvents, petrochemical
feedstocks and asphalts.
GASOLINES
Petro-Canadas branded gasolines come in 4 octane grades:
87 octane regular:
89 octane mid-grade:
91 octane premium:
94 octane super premium:
RegularClean
PlusClean
SuperClean
SuperClean 94 (available in Montreal, Vancouver
and Victoria)
While 87 octane RegularClean is satisfactory for 75% of all vehicles, about

25% of Canadian vehicles require a higher octane fuel for proper performance. Most service stations offer 3 grades of gasoline to meet virtually all
customer needs. Stations in Montreal, Vancouver and Victoria also carry
SuperClean 94, a 94 octane super premium gasoline. The primary purpose of
the octane quality of gasolines is to prevent pre-ignition of fuels, allowing
proper combustion of the fuel and preventing knocking or pinging, which can
lead to poor performance and engine damage.
TACTROL DEPOSIT CONTROL ADDITIVE

(GASOLINE DETERGENT)
TACTROL is Petro-Canadas own unique and exclusive Deposit Control
Additive formulation that acts as a detergent to prevent the build up of
harmful deposits and clean deposits in fuel injectors and intake valves. Most
vehicle manufacturers recommend using a gasoline with a detergent, and
Petro-Canadas branded gasolines meet and exceed this requirement.
Petro-Canada branded gasolines contain increasing levels of Tactrol, from a
basic level in RegularClean and PlusClean to SuperClean and SuperClean 94,
which are fortified with an extra dose of exclusive Tactrol*. SuperClean and
SuperClean 94 will keep a fuel system clean and remove deposits form your
engines fuel injectors and intake valves.
WinterGas
During winter months in most parts of Canada, Petro-Canada offers
WinterGas for superior cold weather protection and performance. WinterGas
is specially formulated for winter conditions to allow easier starting in very
cold weather. It also contains a de-icer to minimize the possibility of fuel line
freeze-up due to condensation in vehicle fuel tanks, and, of course, it contains
TACTROL gasoline detergent to keep fuel systems clean.
171
Marine Gasoline
Petro-Canadas Marine Gasoline on the West Coast of Canada is an 89
octane product which should meet the needs of most marine applications. It is
generally dyed red.
DIESEL FUELS
All of Petro-Canadas regular diesel fuels are seasonally adjusted
designed with suitable low temperature properties for different geographic
areas to reduce the risk of waxing or gelling, under most normal low winter
temperatures. Seasonal adjustment, usually monthly, also maximizes fuel
density to maximize fuel economy.
All diesel fuel sold for on-road use is low sulphur diesel fuel less than
500 parts per million (ppm) sulphur, to minimize diesel engine emissions and
comply with federal environmental regulations. Most off-road diesel fuel that
Petro-Canada sells in Western Canada is also low sulphur, while most off-road
diesel fuel in Central and Eastern Canada is regular sulphur fuel.
All Petro-Canada diesel fuels have suitable lubricity for both new and older
diesel engines. Lubricity is the ability of a diesel fuel to lubricate fuel-wetted
parts of fuel pumps and fuel injectors to minimize wear. Heavier summer
diesel fuels, whether regular or low sulphur, have good natural lubricity. Some
lighter winter diesel fuels are treated with lubricity additive to ensure that they
have adequate lubricity to protect equipment from undue wear.
Petro-Pass is Petro-Canadas chain of truck stops, offering diesel fuel, other
fuels, supplies and facilities for truckers across Canada. SuperPass is PetroCanadas commercial credit card, fuel and information management system,
and may be used across Canada and at many locations in the United States.
More information is available at Petro Canadas internet web site:
www.petro-canada.ca
Petro-Canada also offer specialty diesel fuels at selected locations across
Canada, such as No. 1 Low Sulphur Diesel for urban buses, underground
mines and low temperature applications, and Diesel 50 for very cold applications (down to -40C) in northern and arctic locations.
FURNACE FUEL / FUEL OIL

Petro-Canada offers furnace fuel oil for both residential and commercial heating. Similar to diesel fuel, furnace fuels are formulated to be suitable for different geographic regions, to meet local needs. Stove Oil is available in some
locations, for use in stoves and small heaters, especially in mobile homes.
AVIATION FUELS
Jet A-1, turbine fuel used in most commercial jets, is produced at all three
Petro-Canada refineries. Most product is shipped by pipeline directly to major
local airports. Jet A-1, a kerosene-type fuel, is available by truck and rail at
Edmonton Refinery.
Jet B and Jet F-40 are produced at Edmonton Refinery: Jet B is used by
helicopters and aircraft in the north (because of its ease of engine starting,
172
especially in cold weather), and Jet F-40 is currently used by the Canadian
military. Jet B is a gasoline-like fuel, composed mostly of naphtha. Jet B-DI,
available in truck load quantities and drummed, is Jet B with de-icer, or fuel
system icing inhibitor.
Aviation Gasoline 100LL is also produced at Edmonton Refinery, and is
available in truckload quantities and drums. This product is a high octane,
leaded fuel designed for high compression ratio piston aero engines. Many
multiple-engine planes require this fuel.
ALTERNATIVE FUELS
Propane (automotive, HD-5 quality) is sold at many Petro-Canada service
stations.
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) / Natural Gas for Vehicles (NGV) is sold
at selected service stations in the Vancouver area. Petro-Canada is a major
Canadian producer of natural gas, and sells significant volumes of natural
gas into the bulk wholesale market.
Gasohol, or gasoline with 5 to 10% ethyl alcohol, is sold at selected bulk
plant sites in south-western Ontario. SuperClean 94 in Montreal contains ethyl
alcohol, and Petro-Canada has plans to offer gasohol in parts of Quebec.
Pumps will be clearly labelled if the gasoline contains ethyl alcohol.
SPECIALTY PRODUCTS
Most of the specialty products that Petro-Canada produces are sold in commercial quantities by pipeline shipment, rail car or truck loads. Petro-Canada
does not offer many of these specialty products such as kerosene or Petrosol
3139 in retail package sizes, but sells to other companies that package and
distribute these products.
Kerosene 1-K is produced in Edmonton and Montreal. The 1-K grade is a
very low sulphur, low odour product designed for use in kerosene heaters and
lamps.
Petrosol 3139 Hydrocarbon Solvent, produced in Edmonton and Montreal,
is used as a paint thinner, solvent and degreaser. It has a flash point above
38C for safe handling, a boiling range from 150 to 210C, and typically
18-20% aromatics. Montreal Refinery also produces other solvents such as
Petrosol 3135 and 3355 for specialty applications.
Petrochemicals: Montreal Refinery produces benzene, toluene, xylene, and
nonenes for the petrochemical industry.
Other specialty products may be produced at some refineries, and these
products are usually of limited or special commercial interest:
Sulphur, a basic industrial chemical, is produced at natural gas plants in
Western Canada and at Oakville Refinery.
Coke, black carbon looking like lava rock, is used to make carbon electrodes
for smelting bauxite to make aluminum.
Carbon black feedstock is a heavy, black aromatic oil used to make carbon
black (finely powered carbon) for use in tire manufacture.
173
ASPHALT
Petro-Canada is a major producer and marketer of asphalt to the transportation and road building industry, to the manufacturers of asphalt shingles and
roofing products, and for the construction of built-up roofing.
Asphalt is produced at 2 of our refineries in Eastern Canada (Montreal and
Oakville) and at our Mississauga Asphalt Plant. Asphalt is sold in tanker
truckload quantities at these 3 facilities and from 6 other asphalt terminal
locations. Built-up roofing asphalt is available in tanker truck quantities and in
solid packages.
Petro-Canada manufactures 11 performance grades (PG-grades) of Asphalt
Cement to satisfy the requirements of the Ministry of Transportation of
Ontario, Quebec Ministry of Transportation, The Maritimes, Newfoundland,
New York State DOT, Vermont DOT, New Hampshire DOT, and Maine DOT for
the construction of asphalt pavements. Petro-Canada also manufactures 10
penetration and viscosity grades of Asphalt Cement and Asphalt Emulsion
Fluxes to satisfy the requirements of the paving contractors for the construction of asphalt pavement for parking lots and driveways and the manufacture
of asphalt emulsions.
Petro-Canada manufactures 3 grades of built-up roofing asphalt at our
Mississauga Asphalt plant to satisfy the requirements for the construction of
flat, sloped and steep slope commercial roofing.
Petro-Canada has ISO 9002 registration for the supply of asphalt.
ISO CLASSIFICATION OF FUELS

A simplified description is appended overleaf.
8
For further information on Petro-Canada Fuels or Specialty Products please
contact your local Petro-Canada representative.
174
ISO FUEL CLASSIFICATION

This section gives a simplified description of ISO 8216, Classification of
Petroleum Fuels.
Under the international ISO standards, all petroleum fuels are designated by
the letter F. The code to describe fuels consists of the initials ISO followed
by F and the specific category of fuel consisting of 3 letters. The first of the 3
letters is the general category described in the following paragraph.
Within the class of petroleum, there are 5 categories defined according to the
type of fuel listed in decreasing order of volatility:
G:
L:
D:
R:
C:
Gaseous fuels, generally natural gas.

Liquefied petroleum gases, generally propane, butane and
mixtures of the two.
Distillate fuels (meaning that they have been distilled from crude
oil), Sub-groups:
D(L): gasoline light, highly volatile fuels with low flash points
(hence, highly flammable); flash point below ambient
temperature.
D(M): middle distillate fuels, including normal diesel fuels, furnace fuels, kerosene and stove oil; flash point above 38C
D(H): heavy distillate, such as heavy gas oil, may contain some
residue; flash point usually above 60C.
Residual fuels heavy fuels such as bunker which contain the
heaviest components of crude oil.
Petroleum coke.
Thus a gasoline would have the following designation: ISO-F-D(L)-yy, where

yy would be a specific type of gasoline.
MARINE DIESEL FUELS

(ISO 8217) have the designation: ISO-F-DMx-yy, or ISO-F-RMx-yy, where DM
stands for Diesel Marine, and RM stands for Residual Marine.
DMX:
DMA:
DMB:
DMC:
RMA:
marine diesel fuel, for emergency purposes.

marine diesel fuel, general purpose, contains no residuum.
marine diesel fuel, general purpose, may contain trace
residuum.
marine diesel fuel, general purpose, contains trace residuum.
residual marine diesel fuel;
RMB, RMC, RME, RMF, RMG, RMH, RMK, RML: various
residual marine diesel fuels.
The number following these codes represents the maximum kinematic viscosity at 50C. For example: ISO-F-RMA 30 and ISO-F-RMB 30 are two residual
marine fuels with maximum 30 cst viscosity at 50C, but differ in other characteristics such as maximum density and maximum pour point.
175
176
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
ACID NUMBER (see NEUT NUMBER)
AGMA American Gear Manufacturers Association, one of whose activities is
the establishment and promotion of standards for gear lubricants.
ANTI-FOAM AGENT (see FOAM INHIBITOR)
ANTI-WEAR AGENT An additive that minimizes wear caused by metal-tometal contact during conditions of mild boundary lubrication (e.g. stops and
starts, oscillating motion). The additive reacts chemically with, and forms a film
on, metal surfaces under normal operating conditions.
ANTI-OXIDANT (see OXIDATION INHIBITOR)
API (American Petroleum Institute) society organized to further the interests of the petroleum industry. In this capacity, it serves to clear information,
conduct research, improve marketing conditions, etc. One of the Institutes
activities has been the development of the API SERVICE CLASSIFICATIONS
for crankcase oils, and rules for Base Oil Interchange, which give rise to Base
Oil Groups I-V.
ASH CONTENT non-combustible residue of a lubricating oil (also fuels)
determined in accordance with ASTM D582 also D874 (sulphated ash).
Since some detergents are metallic salts or compounds, the percentage of
ash has been considered to have a relationship to detergency. Interpretations
can be grossly distorted, however, for the following reasons: 1. Detergency
depends on the properties of the base oil as well as on the additive. Some
combinations of base oil and additive are much more effective than others.
2. Detergents vary considerably in their potency, and some leave more ash
than others. Organic detergents have been developed, in fact, that leave no
ash at all. 3. Some of the ash may be contributed by additives other than
detergents. 4. There appears to be a limit to the effective concentration of
detergent. Nothing is gained by exceeding this limit, and a superabundance of
detergent may actually reduce cleanliness.
ASLE (American Society of Lubrication Engineers) the former name of an
organization involved with friction, wear, and lubrication, which is now known
as the Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers (STLE).
ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) organization devoted
to the promotion of knowledge of the materials of engineering, and the
standardization of specifications and methods of testing. In North America, a
preponderance of the data used to describe, identify, or specify petroleum
products is determined in accordance with ASTM Test Methods.
AUTO IGNITION TEMPERATURE See description under FLASH POINT.
BASE NUMBER (see NEUT NUMBER)
BLOCK GREASE A very firm grease manufactured in block form to be
applied to certain large open plain bearings operating at high temperatures
and slow speeds.
177
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
BOUNDARY LUBRICATION a state of lubrication characterized by partial

contact between two metal surfaces, and partial separation of the surfaces by a
fluid film of lubricant. Due to metal-metal contact, severe wear can take place
during boundary lubrication. Specific additives in certain lubricants will minimize
wear under boundary lubrication conditions. These additives prevent excessive
friction and scoring by providing a film on the metal surface. There are varying
degrees of boundary lubrication, and they are met with various additive types.
For the milder conditions, OILINESS ADDITIVES may be used. These are polar
materials that are oil soluble and have an exceptionally high affinity for metal
surfaces. Plating out on these surfaces in a thin but durable film, oiliness additives
give protection under some conditions that are too severe for a straight mineral
oil. In addition, COMPOUNDED OILS which are formulated with polar fatty oils,
are sometimes used for this purpose. Another class of boundary lubricants is
that which contains ANTI-WEAR ADDITIVES. These additives, typically zincphosphorus compounds, reduce the wear of metal surfaces, as distinct from
reducing the possibility of scoring. High quality engine oils contain anti-wear
additives to protect the heavily loaded parts of modern engines, particularly
valve trains. The more severe cases of boundary lubrication are defined as
EXTREME PRESSURE (EP) conditions. These conditions are met with lubricants
which contain EP additives. Under the less severe EP conditions, as in certain
worm gear or shock loaded applications, a mild EP additive such as sulphurized
fatty oil may be used. For somewhat more severe EP conditions, as occurs in
many industrial gear sets, a moderate EP additive package is used. Under the
most severe extreme pressure conditions, as occurs in automotive hypoid gears
and in many rolling mill applications, for example, more active EP compounds
containing sulphur, chlorine and/or phosphorus may be used. At the very high
local temperatures associated with metal contact, these additives combine
chemically with the metal to form a surface film. Not only is this film effective in
reducing friction, but it prevents the welding of opposing asperities (high points)
and the consequent scoring that is destructive to sliding surfaces.
BROOKFIELD VISCOSITY viscosity, in centipoises, as determined on the
Brookfield viscometer (ASTM D2983). The operating principle for the Brookfield viscometer is the torque resistance on a spindle rotating in the fluid being
tested. Although Brookfield viscosities are most frequently associated with low
temperature properties of gear oils and transmission fluids, they are in fact
determined for many other types of lubricant, e.g. white oils.
CARBON RESIDUE percent of coked material remaining after a sample of
lubricating oil has been exposed to high temperatures under ASTM Method
D189 (Conradson) or D524 (Ramsbottom). While carbon residue may have
significance in the evaluation of roll oils and pneumatic-tool lubricants, it should
be interpreted with caution. There may be little similarity between conditions of
test and conditions of service. As far as the effects of residue on performance
go, moreover, many consider that the type of carbon is of greater significance
than the quantity.
CENTISTOKE (cSt) (see VISCOSITY)
CENTIPOISE (cP) (see VISCOSITY)
CGSB (Canadian General Standards Board) a consensus organization

composed of people representing producers, users, and general interest
groups, which develops standards for products and test methods specifically
required in Canada.
178
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
CHANNELLING formation of a groove in grease (or in oil too viscous to

flow readily under existing conditions). Channels are cut by the motion of a
lubricated element, such as a gear or the rolling member of an anti-friction
bearing. The amount of channelling can be controlled to a large extent by the
consistency or viscosity of the lubricant. While some degree of channelling is
desirable to prevent excessive churning of the lubricant, particularly in
high-speed rolling element bearings, a channel so permanent as to preclude
further movement of lubricant to the contacting surfaces might cause
equipment failure due to lack of lubricant.
CLOUD POINT (see POUR POINT)
COMPOUNDED OIL a blend of petroleum oil with small amounts of fatty or
synthetic fatty oils is referred to as COMPOUNDING. Compounded oils are
used for certain wet applications to prevent washing-off of the lubricant from
the metal surfaces. The fatty materials enable the oil to combine physically
with the water instead of being displaced by it. Cylinder oils for wet steam
applications and for some air compressors are compounded. Because the
fatty material imparts a strong affinity for metal surfaces, moreover, compounded oils are frequently used for applications in which lubricity or extra
load-carrying ability are needed. They are not generally recommended,
however, for service that requires high oxidation stability. (See BOUNDARY
LUBRICATION).
COPPER STRIP CORROSION evaluation of a products tendency to
corrode copper or copper alloys, ASTM D130. Test results are based on the
matching of corrosion stains. Non corrosiveness is not to be confused with
rust inhibiting, which deals with the protection of a surface from some
contaminant, such as water, rather than from the oil itself.
CORROSION INHIBITOR a lubricant additive for protecting surfaces against
chemical attack from contaminants in the lubricant. The most common types
of corrosion inhibitors generally react chemically with the metal surfaces to be
protected, thus forming an inert film in these areas.
DEMULSIBILITY test time required for a specified oil-water emulsion to
break, using ASTM D1401 test method. Highly refined, unadditized mineral oils
have inherently good demulsibility. Even after violently shaking an oil/water mixture, the oil separates and rises rapidly to the top of the water. This is true also
of other oils formulated for good demulsibility. It is a desirable characteristic of
oils such as circulating oils that must separate from water readily. Demulsibility is
thus a measure of a lubricating oils ability to separate from water, an important
consideration in the maintenance of many circulating oil systems.
DETERGENT an additive in crankcase oils generally combined with dispersant additives. A detergent chemically neutralizes acidic contaminants in the
oil before they become insoluble and fall out of the oil, forming sludge. Neutral
or basic compounds are created which can remain in suspension in the oil.
DISPERSANTS operate to break up insoluble contaminant particles already
formed. Particles are kept finely divided so that they can remain dispersed or
colloidally suspended in the oil.
DISPERSANT (see DETERGENT)
DROPPING POINT the temperature at which a grease changes from semisolid to a liquid state under test conditions. It may be considered an indication
of the high temperature limitation for application purposes.
179
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
EMULSION a mechanical mixture of two mutually insoluble liquids (such as

oil and water). Emulsification may or may not be desirable, depending on
circumstances. Soluble cutting oils are designed with an emulsifier to maintain a
stable emulsion of oil and water for lubricating and cooling machining operations.
EP AGENT an additive to improve the extreme pressure properties of a
lubricant. (see BOUNDARY LUBRICATION)
FIRE POINT (see FLASH POINT)
FLASH POINT minimum temperature of a petroleum product or other
combustible fluid at which vapour is produced at a rate sufficient to yield a
combustible mixture. Specifically, it is the lowest sample temperature at which
the air vapour mixture will flash in the presence of a small flame. Flash point
may be determined by the following ASTM Methods: CLOSED CUP (covered
sample container): D93 Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Test for fuel
oils also for cutback asphalts and other viscous materials and suspensions
of solids: OPEN CUP (uncovered sample container): D92 Flash and Fire
Points by Cleveland Open Cup: for lubricating oils. As indicated, this last
method provides also for the determination of a FIRE POINT. Fire point is the
minimum sample temperature at which vapour is produced at a sufficient rate
to sustain combustion. Specifically, it is the lowest sample temperature at
which the ignited vapour persists in burning for at least 5 seconds. Since the
fire points of commercial petroleum oils ordinarily run about 30C above the
corresponding flash point, they are often omitted from petroleum product data.
Flash and fire points have obvious safety connotations the higher the test
temperature the less the hazard of fire or explosion. Of comparable significance, however, is their value in providing a simple indication of volatility,
where a lower flash point denotes a more volatile material. The dilution of a
crankcase oil with fuel, for example, lowers the flash point. Flash and fire
points should not be confused with AUTO-IGNITION TEMPERATURE, the
temperature at which combustion occurs spontaneously (without an external
source of ignition).
FOAM INHIBITOR an additive which causes foam to dissipate more rapidly.
It promotes the combination of small bubbles into large bubbles which burst
more easily.
FOUR BALL TESTS two test procedures based on the same principle the
Four-Ball EP Test (ASTM D2596) and Four-Ball Wear Test (ASTM D2266).
The three lower balls are clamped together to form a cradle upon which the
fourth ball rotates in a vertical axis. The balls are immersed in the lubricant
under investigation. The FOUR BALL WEAR TEST is used to determine the
relative wear-preventing properties of lubricants operating under boundary
lubrication conditions. The test is carried out at a specified speed, temperature, and load. At the end of a specified period, the average diameter of the
wear scar on the three lower balls is reported. The FOUR-BALL EP TEST is
designed to evaluate performance under much higher unit loads. In this test
the top ball is rotated at a specified speed (170060 rpm), but temperature is
not controlled. The loading is increased at specified intervals until the rotating
ball seizes and welds to the other balls. At the end of each interval the average scar diameter is recorded. Two values are generally reported LOAD
WEAR INDEX (formerly mean Hertz load) and WELD POINT.
180
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
HYDROCRACKING is a process, which is used by a few manufacturers of

superior quality lubricant basestock. In the process, a petroleum feedstock is
reacted with hydrogen, in the presence of a catalyst, at very high temperatures
(400-425C) and pressures (3000 plus psi). Under these severe conditions,
virtually all the aromatic hydrocarbons present are isomerized and saturated to
yield a basestock containing 96% to 99.5+% saturated hydrocarbons. The
process also virtually eliminates all traces of sulphur, nitrogen and oxygencontaining impurities. Hydrocracking produces very high quality, synthetic-like
basestocks, which when blended with carefully selected additives, give
extremely stable lubricants of a synthetic level performance.
HYDROFINISHING (see HYDROTREATING)
HYDROTREATING a generic name for a refinery process for treating fuels
and lubricant feedstocks, at elevated temperatures, in the presence of pressurized hydrogen and a catalyst. This relatively mild process, is sometimes
called Hydrofinishing and is used to improve the colour and odour of fuels
and lubricant basestocks.
HYDRODYNAMIC LUBRICATION a lubrication regime characterized by a
full fluid film between two moving surfaces. The most common example is the
type of lubrication which occurs in oil lubricated journal bearings. The movement of one surface (the shaft or journal) pulls lubricating oil into the space
between the journal and the bearing. This action develops a high pressure in
the fluid which completely separates the two surfaces. By contrast, in boundary lubrication there is only a partial fluid film separating the two surfaces and
some surface-to-surface contact occurs.
INHIBITOR additive for the control of an undesirable phenomenon in grease,
oils, or fuels, etc., for example: oxidation inhibitors, rust inhibitors, foam
inhibitors, etc.
ISO (International Organization for Standardization) an organization which
establishes internationally recognized standards for products and test methods.
One example is the ISO Viscosity Grade system for industrial oils.
NEUT NUMBER or NEUTRALIZATION NUMBER: the specific quantity of
reagent required to neutralize the acidity or alkalinity of a lube oil sample.
Either of these characteristics acidity or alkalinity may be exhibited by an
unused oil, depending on its composition. In addition, certain additives impart
acidity, while alkalinity may be derived from the presence of detergents or of
basic material added to control oxidation. In service, the oil will, in time, show
increasing acidity as the result of oxidation and, in some cases, additive depletion. Though acidity is not, of itself, necessarily harmful, an increase in acidity
may be indicative of oil deterioration, and neut number is widely used to evaluate the condition of an oil in service. The most common measurement is ACID
NUMBER, the specific quantity of KOH (potassium hydroxide) required to counterbalance the acid characteristics. How high an acid number can be
tolerated depends on the oil and the service conditions; and only broad experience with the individual situation can determine such a value. Neut number
is determined in accordance with the ASTM Method D664 or D974. The
former is a potentiometric method, the latter, colorimetric. Values for TOTAL
ACID, STRONG ACID, TOTAL BASE, and STRONG BASE can, where they
exist, be obtained. Strong acid numbers are considered to be related to
inorganic acids, such as those derived from sulphur, while the difference
between the total and strong acid numbers is attributed to weak acids
181
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
can exist simultaneously, both components too weak to completely neutralize

the other. When results are reported simply as neut number or acid
number, a TOTAL ACID NUMBER (TAN) is implied.
OXIDATION A form of chemical deterioration to which petroleum products
like most other organic materials are subject. The resistance of many
petroleum products to oxidation, however, is very high. Oxidation usually
involves the addition of oxygen atoms, and the result is nearly always one of
degradation. It is accelerated by higher temperatures, the reaction becoming
significant at temperatures above 70C. For every 10C rise, the rate of oxidation essentially doubles. Oxidation is also promoted by the presence of catalytic
metals, copper being particularly active in this latter respect. What is more, the
peroxides that are the initial products of oxidation are themselves oxidizing
agents. So the oxidation of petroleum products is a chain reaction; the farther
it progresses, the more rapid it becomes. With fuels and lube oils, oxidation
produces sludges, varnishes, gums, and acids, all of which are undesirable.
Nevertheless, many oils, such as turbine oils, give years of service without
need for replacement. Petroleum products that require a long service or storage
life can be formulated to meet requirements by: 1. proper selection of crude
type. Paraffinic oils are noted for natural resistance to oxidation: 2. thorough
refining, which removes oxidation-susceptible materials and allows greater
response to inhibitor; 3. addition of oxidation inhibitors. Long service is also
promoted by good maintenance practices filtration, centrifuging, or other
means of controlling contamination; limiting duration or intensity of high
temperatures; eliminating the presence of air and of catalytic metals. For
information on determining the degree of deterioration sustained by a used
oil and hence, its suitability for further service, see NEUT NUMBER.
OXIDATION INHIBITOR chemical added in small quantities to a petroleum
product to increase its oxidation resistance and hence to lengthen its service
or storage life. An oxidation inhibitor may combine with the peroxides formed
initially by oxidation, thereby modifying them in such a way as to arrest their
oxidizing influence. Or the inhibitor (a passivator) may react with a catalyst
either to poison it or to coat it with an inert film.
POISE CGS unit of absolute viscosity: shear stress (in dynes per square
centimeter) required to move one layer of fluid along another over a total layer
thickness of one centimeter at a shear rate of one centimeter per second.
Dimensions are dyne-sec/cm2. The CENTIPOISE (cP) is 1/100 of a poise and
is the unit of absolute viscosity most commonly used. Whereas ordinary viscosity measurements depend on the force of gravity on the fluid to supply the
shear stress and are thus subject to distortion by differences in fluid density,
ABSOLUTE VISCOSITY measurements are independent of density and are
directly related to resistance to flow. (See also VISCOSITY.)
POUR POINT is a widely used low-temperature flow indicator and is 3C
above the temperature to which a normally liquid petroleum product maintains
fluidity. It is a significant factor in cold-weather start-up, but must be considered along with pumpability, the ease with which an oil pumps at low temperatures. Paraffinic oils contain wax which forms a honeycomb of crystals at low
temperatures near the pour point. However, agitation by a pump breaks down
this wax structure and allows paraffinic oil to be pumped at temperatures well
below their pour point. Naphthenic oils, on the other hand, contain little or no
wax and reach their pour point through increase in viscosity: they cannot be
182
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
pumped readily near the pour point. ASTM D97 is used to determine pour
point. ASTM D97 also provides for the determination of CLOUD POINT, the
lowest temperature at which the sample becomes clouded by the formation of
wax crystals. Clouding is a characteristic only of paraffinic oils. It is a consideration in the evaluation of fuels whose filtration might be impaired by the plugging effect of wax crystals.
RUST INHIBITOR a lubricant additive for protecting ferrous (iron and steel)
components from rusting caused by water contamination or other harmful
materials from oil degradation. Some rust inhibitors operate similarly to corrosion inhibitors by reacting chemically to form an inert film on metal surfaces.
Other rust inhibitors absorb water by incorporating it into water-in-oil emulsion
so that only the oil touches the metal surfaces.
SCUFFING engine wear resulting from the localized welding and fracture of
rubbing surfaces.
SOLVENT EXTRACTION a traditional refinery process that is used to
upgrade chemical and physical properties in the manufacture of lube oil
basestocks. The process relies on the solubility of impurities (especially
aromatic components that may also contain sulphur and nitrogen) in an
extractive solvent, usually furfural or phenol. The by-product of this process is
highly aromatic EXTRACT, used to make EXTENDER oils, and as feed for
other refinery processes.
STLE (Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers) formerly known
as ASLE.
SULPHATED ASH (see ASH)
SYNTHETIC LUBRICANTS - lubricants manufactured by a process, where a
chemical conversion or transformation of one complex mixture of molecules into
another complex mixture takes place. A simple purification or physical separation process, such as distillation or freezing, does not constitute a synthesis.
Common types of synthetic base oil include:
Polyalpha olefins
Hydrocracked/HydroIsomerized Unconventional Base Oils (UCBOs)
Organic esters
Polyglycols
Synthetic lubricants can exhibit one or more of the following advantages over
conventional mineral oils:
Excellent low temperature fluidity
Low pour point
High natural viscosity index
Outstanding oxidation stability
High flash and auto-ignition points
Low volatility
Non-toxic
Synthetic lubricants have been used for some time in applications such as jet
engine lubricants, arctic lubricants and fire resistant hydraulic fluids. They are
now starting to replace conventional mineral oils in a number of applications,
where one or more of the above properties are required. Despite their higher
price, synthetics offer operating advantages that can make them more
economical in the long run. For example - reduced oil consumption, longer oil
life, improved fuel economy and easier starting at low temperatures.
183
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
TIMKEN OK LOAD measure of the extreme pressure properties of a lubricant. Lubricated by the product under investigation, a standard steel roller
rotates against a block. Timken OK load is the heaviest load that can be carried without scoring.
TOTAL BASE NUMBER (see NEUT NUMBER)
VISCOSITY measure of a fluids resistance to flow. It is ordinarily expressed
in terms of the time required for a standard quantity of the fluid at a certain
temperature to flow through a standard orifice. The higher the value, the more
viscous the fluid. Since viscosity varies inversely with temperature, its value is
meaningless unless accompanied by the temperature at which it is determined.
With petroleum oils, viscosity is now commonly reported in CENTISTOKES
(cSt), measured at either 40C or 100C (ASTM Method D445 Kinematic
Viscosity). An earlier method for reporting viscosity in North America was in
Saybolt Seconds Universal SSU or SUS or, for very viscous oils, in Saybolt
Seconds Furol SSF (ASTM Method D88). Other less common viscosity units
are the ENGLER and REDWOOD scales, principally used in Europe. (See
also BROOKFIELD VISCOSITY, POISE.)
VISCOSITY INDEX (V.l.) an indicator of the rate of change of viscosity with
temperature. This change is common to all non-reactive fluids some more,
some less. Heating tends to make them thinner cooling, thicker. The higher
the V.l., the less the tendency for the viscosity to change. V.l. is determined by
formula from the viscosities at 40C and 100C in accordance with the ASTM
Test Method D567 or D2270. The latter test is required for V.l.s above 100.
High V.l. oils are often preferred for service in which a relatively constant
viscosity is desired under conditions of varying temperature. Some hydraulic
systems require this property. Paraffinic oils are inherently high in V.l., and the
V.l. of any petroleum oil can be increased by the addition of a V.l. improver.
Naphthenic oils are inherently low in V.l. and aromatic oils are still lower
often having negative numbers.
VOLATILITY that property of a liquid that defines its evaporation
characteristics. Of two liquids, the more volatile will boil at a lower
temperature, and it will evaporate faster when both liquids are at the same
temperature. The volatility of petroleum products can be evaluated by tests
for FLASH POINT, VAPOUR PRESSURE, DISTILLATION, and
EVAPORATION RATE.
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HANDY CONVERSION CHARTS AND TABLES
186
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VISCOSITY CONVERSION CHART

KINEMATIC
VISCOSITY GUIDE
TABLE OF LIMITS
ENGLER
2.5
1.20
3
35
40
1.35
40
5.5
45
6
7
45
55
50
10
60
11
65
70
35
40
45
50
55
60
70
80
90
100
110
90
100
110
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
600
150
OPTIMUM VISCOSITIES
200
The optimum viscosity is the ideal allowable at the operating temperature.
210
250
700
800
900
1000
1100
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
700
800
900
1000
1.60
1.70
60
6
7
8
9
10
11
2.1
70
15
2.5
80
90
100
110
150
200
250
300
350
450
20
21
3.5
25
4
4.5
5
6
7
8
9
10
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
11
70
80
90
100
15
110
20
150
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1500
2000
25
30
35
2500
2500
3000
4000
3500
4500
4000
9 9
188
200
210
250
40
300
45
350
50
60
2000
3500
5.5
55
1500
3000
1.45
1.80
1.90
1100
Hydraulic systems
Plain Bearings
Spur & Helical Gears (e.g. ISO-VG 150 @ 60C)
Worm Gears (e.g. 460 @ 75C)
4.5
65
REDWOOD NO. 1 SECONDS (STANDARD)
30
80
SAYBOLT UNIVERSAL SECONDS
KINEMATIC VISCOSITY, CENTISTOKES
15
1.40
1.50
50
25
3.5
ENGLER DEGREES
4.5
21
1.25
1.30
Minimum Viscosities
Centistokes
(At Operating Temperature)
33
For gear lubrication.
30
For a gear pump.
21
Spherical roller bearings.
13
Other rolling element bearings.
13
Hydraulic systems to prevent excessive pump wear and
slippage.
13
Plain bearings.
4
Minimum viscosity to support a dynamic load.
185
1.15
33
35
3.5
20
KINEMATIC
2
R. No. 1
2.5
Maximum Viscosities
Centistokes
(Normally At Start-Up)
22,000
Probably maximum pouring viscosity.
11,000
Probably maximum for splash or bath lubrication.
8,600
Barely pumpable by gear or piston pump too heavy to be
serviceable.
2,200
Upper limit for an automatic oil lubricator.
2,200
Upper limit for circulation system (good practice).
2,200
Upper limit for an oil constituent of a grease for dispensing.
1,000
Ring or rolling element bearings.
860
Hydraulic Vane Pumps @ start-up temperature to prevent
cavitation and wear.
860
Fuel oil for good pumpability and atomizing.
220
Oil mist generators without heat at minimum operating
temperature.
220
Hydraulic-piston pump start-up temperature to prevent
wear.
54
Hydraulic Systems at operating fluid temperature.
Centistokes
25
30
40
75
SUS
32
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
400
450
500
550
600
700
800
900
1000
KINEMATIC VISCOSITY, CENTISTOKES
TO USE:
Place straight edge at equal centistoke values on both
Kinematic scales.
All viscosities on each scale will be equivalent for the
same temperature.
To extend scale ranges to higher viscosities utilize powers of
10 in these scales between the 100 and 1000 divisions on
the Kinematic scale,
i.e. 3000 centistokes = 300 cSt x 10
and is approximately equivalent to
1400 x 10 = 14000 SUS.
189
1000
1000
500
400
500
400
300
300
200
200
150
150
100
100
75
75
50
50
40
40
30
30
20
20
15
15
10
10
9.0
9.0
8.0
8.0
7.0
7.0
6.0
6.0
5.0
5.0
4.0
4.0
3.0
3.0
2.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
2.0
100
VOLUME % OF HIGHER VISCOSITY COMPONENT

100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
VOLUME % OF LOWER VISCOSITY COMPONENT
190
KINEMATIC VISCOSITY, CENTISTOKES (Higher Viscosity Component)
KINEMATIC VISCOSITY, CENTISTOKES (Lower Viscosity Component)
ASTM BLENDING CHART CENTISTOKES
Example: Two Component Blending

Determine the relative viscosities, at a common temperature, of
the two components to be blended.
i.e. 80 Neutral
160 Neutral
15 cSt @ 40C
35 cSt @ 40C
Locate these viscosities on the appropriate sides of the chart

and join them with a straight line. From this chart and the line,
you can:
1. Determine blend percentages to give a desired viscosity by
reading down from intersection point of line and desired
viscosity. In our example, if plotted, we could obtain 20 cSt
@ 40C oil with a 60/40 blend of the two base oils.
2. Determine the viscosity of a blended oil if the volume
percentages of the two base oils are known. Simply read up
from the volume percentages point to the line and read
across to the viscosity.
191
API GRAVITIES AND DENSITIES

Note: All conversions are at 15.6C (60F)
API
Gravity
Density
(kg/L)
API
Gravity
Density
(kg/L)
1.074
21
0.926
1.066
22
0.920
1.058
23
0.914
1.050
24
0.908
1.042
25
0.902
1.034
26
0.896
1.027
27
0.891
1.020
28
0.885
1.012
29
0.880
1.005
30
0.874
10
0.998
31
0.869
11
0.991
32
0.864
12
0.984
33
0.858
13
0.977
34
0.853
14
0.970
35
0.848
15
0.964
36
0.843
16
0.957
37
0.838
17
0.951
38
0.833
18
0.944
39
0.828
19
0.938
40
0.823
20
0.932
41
0.818
192
APPROXIMATE COLOUR SCALE EQUIVALENTS

ASTM Colour
D 1500
Union (N.P.A.)
Colorimeter
ASTM D 155
N.P.A. Colour
Descriptions
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
1
11/2
13/4
2
21/2
3
31/2
4
41/2
5
51/2
6
61/2
7
71/2
8
Standard White
Lily White
Cream White
Extra Pale
Extra Pale Lemon
Lemon Pale
Extra Orange Pale
Orange Pale
Pale
Light Red
Dark Red
Claret Red
VAPOUR PRESSURE OF LUBRICATING OIL

The vapour pressure of lubricating oil is very low and except for certain low
vacuum or very high temperature applications, is not a limiting factor in typical
lubrication practice. The data below were obtained by extrapolating the boiling
points, at several reduced pressures, for three common viscosity grades of
lube oil.
Oil Viscosity
@ 40C
Oil Temp
C
40
60
90
120
150
180
230
290
30-35 cSt
150 SUS
65-70 cSt
300 SUS
80-85cSt
400 SUS
Vapour Pressure, millimetres of Mercury

0.00004
0.0003
0.002
0.015
0.11
0.8
5.8
35
0.0000005
0.000007
0.00008
0.0009
0.011
0.12
1.5
15
193
0.00000025
0.0000027
0.000035
0.0004
0.005
0.055
0.7
7.4
TEMPERATURE CONVERSION TABLE

F C
What is the C equivalent of 100F?
Look at 100 in the middle column.
To the left, in the C column, is the equivalent 37.8C.
C F
What is the F equivalent of 50C?
To the right, in the F column, is the equivalent 122.0F.
To
C
40.0
38.9
37.8
36.7
35.6
34.4
33.3
32.2
31.1
30.0
28.9
27.8
26.7
25.6
24.4
23.3
22.2
21.1
20.0
18.9
17.8
16.7
15.6
14.4
13.3
12.2
11.1
10.0
8.9
7.8
6.7
5.6
4.4
3.3
2.2
1.1
0
+1.1
2.2
3.3
4.4
5.6
From
T
To
F
To
C
From
T
To
F
To
C
From
T
To
F
40
38
36
34
32
30
28
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
+2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
40.0
36.4
32.8
29.2
25.6
22.0
18.4
14.8
11.2
7.6
4.0
0.4
+3.2
6.8
10.4
14.0
17.6
21.2
24.8
28.4
32.0
35.6
39.2
42.8
46.4
50.0
53.6
57.2
60.8
64.4
68.0
71.6
75.2
78.8
82.4
86.0
89.6
93.2
96.8
100.4
104.0
107.6
6.7
7.8
8.9
10.0
11.1
12.2
13.3
14.4
15.6
16.7
17.8
18.9
20.0
21.1
22.2
23.3
24.4
25.6
26.7
27.8
28.9
30.0
31.1
32.2
33.3
34.4
35.6
36.7
37.8
38.9
40.0
41.1
42.2
43.3
44.4
45.6
46.7
47.8
48.9
50.0
51.1
52.2
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
58
60
62
64
66
68
70
72
74
76
78
80
82
84
86
88
90
92
94
96
98
100
102
104
106
108
110
112
114
116
118
120
122
124
126
111.2
114.8
118.4
122.0
125.6
129.2
132.8
136.4
140.0
143.6
147.2
150.8
154.4
158.0
161.6
165.2
168.8
172.4
176.0
179.6
183.2
186.8
190.4
194.0
197.6
201.2
204.8
208.4
212.0
215.6
219.2
222.8
226.4
230.0
233.6
237.2
240.8
244.4
248.0
251.6
255.2
258.8
53.3
54.4
55.6
56.7
57.8
58.9
60.0
61.1
62.2
63.3
64.4
65.6
66.7
67.8
68.9
70.0
71.1
72.2
73.3
74.4
75.6
76.7
77.8
78.9
80.0
81.1
82.2
83.3
84.4
85.6
86.7
87.8
88.9
90.0
91.1
92.2
93.3
94.4
95.6
96.7
97.8
98.9
128
130
132
134
136
138
140
142
144
146
148
150
152
154
156
158
160
162
164
166
168
170
172
174
176
178
180
182
184
186
188
190
192
194
196
198
200
202
204
206
208
210
262.4
266.0
269.6
273.2
276.8
280.4
284.0
287.6
291.2
294.8
298.4
302.0
305.6
309.2
312.8
316.4
320.0
323.6
327.2
330.8
334.4
338.0
341.6
345.2
348.8
352.4
356.0
359.6
363.2
366.8
370.4
374.0
377.6
381.2
384.8
388.4
392.0
395.6
399.2
402.8
406.4
410.0
194
TEMPERATURE CONVERSION TABLE

F C
What is the C equivalent of 100F?
To the left, in the C column, is the equivalent 37.8C.
C F
What is the F equivalent of 50C?
To the right, in the F column, is the equivalent 122.0F.
To
C
100.0
101.1
102.2
103.3
104.4
105.6
106.7
107.8
108.9
110.0
111.1
112.2
113.3
114.4
115.6
116.7
117.8
118.9
120.0
121.1
126.7
132.2
137.8
143.3
148.9
154.4
160.0
165.6
171.1
176.7
182.2
187.8
193.3
198.9
204.4
210.0
215.6
221.1
226.7
232.2
237.8
243.3
From
T
To
F
To
C
From
T
To
F
To
C
From
T
212
214
216
218
220
222
224
226
228
230
232
234
236
238
240
242
244
246
248
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
450
460
470
413.6
417.2
420.8
424.4
428.0
431.6
435.2
438.8
442.4
446.0
449.6
453.2
456.8
460.0
464.0
467.6
471.2
474.8
478.4
482.0
500
518
536
554
572
590
608
626
644
662
680
698
716
734
752
770
788
806
824
842
860
878
248.9
254.4
260.0
265.6
271.1
276.7
282.2
287.8
293.3
298.9
304.4
310.0
315.6
321.1
326.7
332.2
337.8
343.3
348.9
354.4
360.0
365.6
371.1
376.7
382.2
387.8
393.3
398.9
404.4
410.0
415.6
421.1
426.8
432.2
437.8
443.3
448.9
454.4
460.0
465.6
471.1
476.7
480
490
500
510
520
530
540
550
560
570
580
590
600
610
620
630
640
650
660
670
680
690
700
710
720
730
740
750
760
770
780
790
800
810
820
830
840
850
860
870
880
890
896
914
932
950
968
986
1004
1022
1040
1058
1076
1094
1112
1130
1148
1166
1184
1202
1220
1238
1256
1274
1292
1310
1328
1346
1364
1382
1400
1418
1436
1454
1472
1490
1508
1526
1544
1562
1580
1598
1616
1634
482.2
487.8
493.3
498.9
504.4
510.0
515.6
521.1
526.7
532.2
537.7
900
910
920
930
940
950
960
970
980
990
1000
195
To
F
1652
1670
1688
1706
1724
1742
1760
1778
1796
1814
1832
COMMONLY USED CONVERSION FACTORS
To Convert From
To
Multiply by
Atmospheres
cm of mercury (0C)
76
Atmospheres
feet of water (39.2F)
33.899
Atmospheres
grams/sq cm
1033.3
Atmospheres
inches of mercury (32F)
29.921
Atmospheres
kg/sq meter
10333
Atmospheres
mm of mercury
760
Atmospheres
pounds/sq ft
2116.32
Atmospheres
pounds/sq inch
14.696
Barrels, oil
gallon (US)
42
Barrels (API)
meter3
0.1590
Btu (60F/15.56C)
joule
1055
Btu/minute
horsepower
0.0236
Btu/pound
calories/gram
0.5555
Calories (mean)
joule
4.190
Calories/gram
Btu/pound
1.8
Centimeters
feet
0.0328
Centimeters
inches
0.3937
Centimeters
yards
0.0109
Centimeters/second
feet/minute
1.9685
Centimeters/second
meter/minute
0.6
Centimeters/second
miles/hour
0.0223
Centipoises
newton-second/meter2
1.000 x 10-3
Centistokes
meter2/second
1.000 x 10-6
Cheval-vapeurs (C.V.)
horsepower
0.9863
Cubic centimeters
cubic inches
0.0610
Cubic centimeters
gallons (British)
0.00022
Cubic centimeters
gallons (US)
0.00026
Cubic centimeters
ounces (British, fluid)
0.0351
Cubic centimeters
ounces (US, fluid)
0.0338
Cubic centimeters
quarts(British,liquid)
0.00088
Cubic centimeters
quarts (US, liquid)
0.00105
Cubic feet
cubic centimeters
28317
Cubic feet
cubic inches
1728
Cubic feet
cubic yards
0.0370
Cubic feet
gallons (British)
6.2288
Cubic feet
gallons (US)
7.4805
Cubic feet
litres
28.3162
196
COMMONLY USED CONVERSION FACTORS (continued)

To Convert From
To
Multiply by
Cu ft of water (60F)
pounds
62.37
Cubic inches
cubic cm
16.3872
Cubic inches
gallons (British)
0.0036
Cubic inches
gallons (US)
0.0043
Cubic inches
litres
0.0164
Cubic meters
cubic feet
35.314
Cubic meters
cubic yards
1.3079
Cubic meters
gallons (British)
219.969
Cubic meters
gallons (US)
264.173
Degrees (F)
degree kelvin
tk = (t, + 459.67)/1.8
Degrees (C)
degree kelvin
tk = (tc + 273.15)
Dynes
newton
1.000 x 10-fi
Fathoms
feet
Feet
meters
0.3048
Feet of water (39.2F)
atmospheres
0.0295
inches of mercury (32 F)
0.8826
kg/sq meter
304.79
pounds/sq ft
62.427
pounds/sq inch
0.4335
Feet/minute
kilometers/hour
0.0183
Feet/minute
meters/second
0.0050
Feet/minute
miles/hour
0.0114
Foot pounds/minute
horsepower
0.0000303
Gallons (British)
cubic cm
4546.08
Gallons (British)
cubic ft
0.1605
Gallons (British)
cubic inches
277.418
Gallons (British)
gallons (US)
1.2009
Gallons (British)
litres
4.5459
Gallons (British)
meter3
4.546 x 10-3
Gallons (British)
pounds of water (62F)
10
Gallons (Imperial)
see Gallons (British)
Gallons (US)
cubic cm
Gallons (US)
cubic ft
0.1337
Gallons (US)
cubic inches
231
Gallons (US)
gallons (British)
0.8327
Gallons (US)
litres
3.7854
Gallons (US)
meter3
3.785 x 10-3
3785.434
197
To Convert From
To
Multiply by
Gallons (US)
pounds of water (60F)
8.3370
Gallons (US)/minute
cubic feet/hour
8.0208
Grams
ounces (avoirdupois)
0.03527
Grams
pounds (avoirdupois)
0.0022
Grams/litre
parts per million (ppm)
1000
Grams/sq cm
atmospheres
0.000967
Grams/sq cm
feet of water (60F)
0.0328
Grams/sq cm
0.02896
Grams/sq cm
mm of mercury (0C)
0.7355
Grams/sq cm
pounds/sq ft
2.0482
Grams/sq cm
pounds/sq inch
0.0142
Horsepower
Cheval-vapeur (C.V.)
1.014
Horsepower
foot-pounds/second
550
Horsepower
Pferdestaerke (P.S.)
1.014
Horsepower
watts
745.7
Hundredweight (cwt)
pounds
100
Inches
centimeters
2.54
Inches of mercury (32F)
atmospheres
0.0334
1.133
kg/sq meter
345.3
pounds/sq ft
70.727
pounds/sq inch
0.4911
Inches of water (39.2F)
atmospheres
0.00245
gms/sq cm
2.5399
0.07355
pounds/sq in
0.0361
Kilograms
ounces (avoirdupois)
35.274
Kilograms
2.2046
Kg-meters (torque)
pound-feet
7.2330
Kg/cu meter
pounds/cu ft
0.0624
Kilometers
feet
3280
Kilometers
miles
0.6213
Kilometers
miles (nautical)
0.5396
Kilometers
rods
198.836
Kilometers
yards
1093
Kilowatt-hours
Btu
3413
Kilowatts
Btu/minute
56.884
198

To Convert From
To
Multiply by
Litres
cubic feet
0.0353
Litres
cubic inches
61.025
Litres
gallons (British)
0.2199
Litres
gallons (US)
0.2641
Litres
35.196
Litres
ounces (US, fluid)
33.814
Litres
quarts (US, fluid)
1.0566
Meters
feet
3.2808
Meters
inches
39.37
Meters
yards
1.0936
Miles
feet
5280
Miles
kilometers
1.6093
Miles
rods
320
Miles
yards
1760
Miles (nautical)
feet
6080
Miles/hour
cm/sec
44.7
Miles/hour
km/min
0.0268
Millilitres
cu inches
0.061
Millilitres
0.035
Millilitres
ounces (US, fluid)
0.0338
Millimeters
inches
0.039
Millimeters
mils
39.37
Millimeters mercury (0C)
atmospheres
0.0013
0.0446
gm/sq cm
1.3595
kg/sq meters
13.595
pounds/sq ft
2.7845
pounds/sq in
0.0193
Ounces (avoirdupois)
grams
28.3495
Ounces (British, fluid)
cu cm
28.4130
Ounces (British, fluid)
gallons (British)
0.0062
Ounces (US, fluid)
cu cm
29.5737
Ounces (US, fluid)
cu inches
1.8047
Parts per million (ppm)
grains/gal (British)
0.0701
Parts per million (ppm)
grains/gal (US)
0.0584
Pferdestaerke (P.S.)
horsepower
0.986
Pounds (avoirdupois)
grams
453.5924
199

To Convert From
To
Multiply by
Pounds/foot
grams/cm
14.8816
Pounds/sq ft
atmospheres
0.000472
Pounds/sq ft
kg/sq meter
4.8824
Pounds/sq in
atmospheres
0.0680
Pounds/sq in
cm of mercury (0C)
5.1715
Pounds/sq in
2.3066
Pounds/sq in
grams/sq cm
70.307
Pounds/sq in
2.0360
Pounds/sq in
newton/meter2
6895
Quarts (British, liquid)
cu cm
1136.521
Quarts (US, liquid)
cu cm
946.3586
Quarts (US, liquid)
cu inch
57.75
Quarts (US, liquid)
ounces (US, fluid)
32
Stones (British)
14
Tons (long)
kilograms
1016.047
Tons (long)
2240
Tons (long)
tons (metric)
1.0160
Tons (long)
tons (short)
1.12
Tons (metric)
kilograms
1000
Tons (metric)
2204.62
Tons (metric)
tons (long)
0.9842
Tons (metric)
tons (short)
1.1023
Tons (short)
kilograms
907.1848
Tons (short)
2000
Tons (short)
tons (long)
0.8928
Tons (short)
tons (metric)
0.907
Yards
centimeters
91.440
Yards
miles
0.00057
200
QUANTITIES FOR VARIOUS DEPTHS OF

CYLINDRICAL TANKS IN HORIZONTAL POSITION
%
Depth
Filled
%
of
Capacity
%
Depth
Filled
%
of
Capacity
%
Depth
Filled
%
of
Capacity
%
Depth
Filled
%
of
Capacity
0.20
26
20.73
51
51.27
76
82.50
0.50
27
21.86
52
52.55
77
82.60
0.90
28
23.00
53
53.81
78
83.68
1.34
29
24.07
54
55.08
79
84.74
1.87
30
25.31
55
56.34
80
85.77
2.45
31
26.48
56
57.60
81
86.77
3.07
32
27.66
57
58.86
82
87.76
3.74
33
28.84
58
60.11
83
88.73
4.45
34
30.03
59
61.36
84
89.68
10
5.20
35
31.19
60
62.61
85
90.60
11
5.98
36
32.44
61
63.86
86
91.50
12
6.80
37
33.66
62
65.10
87
92.36
13
7.64
38
34.90
63
66.34
88
93.20
14
8.50
39
36.14
64
67.56
89
94.02
15
9.40
40
37.39
65
68.81
90
94.80
16
10.32
41
38.64
66
69.97
91
96.55
17
11.27
42
39.89
67
71.16
92
96.26
18
12.24
43
41.14
68
72.34
93
96.93
19
13.23
44
42.40
69
73.52
94
97.55
20
14.23
45
43.66
70
74.69
95
98.13
21
15.26
46
44.92
71
75.93
96
98.66
22
16.32
47
46.19
72
77.00
97
99.10
23
17.40
48
47.45
73
78.14
98
99.50
24
18.50
49
48.73
74
79.27
99
99.80
25
19.61
50
50.00
75
80.39
100
100.00
201
NOTES
202
Inside covers-Canadian 7/25/05 2:17 PM Page 1
PREFACE
PREFACE
Our products. Our company. Beyond todays standards.
Some companies meet standards. We raise them.
About This Handbook

This Handbook outlines Petro-Canadas many lubricants, specialty fluids and
grease products along with applications, quality and performance features. It
is intended to be used as a reference guide by our valued Customers,
Associates, Distributors, Sales and Technical Service Representatives. All
information is current at the time of printing, however, specification writers
and Petro-Canada are continually upgrading and improving products to meet
the ever-changing demands of the marketplace. These contents are therefore
subject to change. Special applications and equipment manufacturers recommendations should be discussed with your Petro-Canada Representative or
Petro-Canada Distributor.
Petro-Canada products are available in a wide range of package sizes
and are stocked at many strategic locations around the world either by
Petro-Canada or its many global distributors. Current product offerings are
also available on our website: www.petro-canada.com.
Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
April, 2005
SAE
ENGINE
OILS
SAE
GEAR
OILS
10,000
5000
1000
800
600
500
1000
8A
680
3000
140
460
320
60
220
50
150
40
100
68
2000
400
300
200
100
80
60
1000
85W
500
30
400
80W
300
20
50
40
46
30
32
20
90
200
1
0
22
15W
75W
10W
5W&0W

(SUS) @ 100F
Petro-Canada uses the patented HT purity process to produce 99.9% pure,

crystal-clear base oils the purest in the world. By removing the impurities
that hinder the performance of competitive conventional lubricants, we
ensure our products retain their fresh oil properties longer. Then we blend in
specialty additives for even longer fluid life, greater equipment protection, and
smoother performance. All of which delivers lubricant solutions beyond todays
standards to provide our customers with not only superior performance, but
superior savings.
AGMA
GRADE
1500
Petro-Canada is a world-class producer of more than 350 advanced lubricants,

specialty fluids and greases. Weve established an enviable reputation for
helping customers increase productivity and cut operating costs. We excel at
producing high quality lubricants for the world.
2000
ISO
VG
100
15
60
10
10
NOTE:
SAE specifications.
Outside covers-Canadian 7/25/05 2:17 PM Page 1
Petro-Canada
2310 Lakeshore Road West
Mississauga, Ontario
Canada L5J 1K2
Canada - West ........................

East - English .........................
French ....................................
Other Areas ............................
E-mail .....................................
Phone 1-800-661-1199
Phone 1-800-268-5850
Phone 1-800-576-1686
Phone (416) 730-2408
lubescsr@petro-canada.ca
Petro-Canada America Lubricants Inc.

980 North Michigan Avenue
Suite 1400, #1431
Chicago, Il 60611 USA
PRINTED IN CANADA
Visit Petro-Canada on the Internet: www.petro-canada.com
LUB 1007E
Phone ....................................... +44 (0) 2476-247294

Fax ........................................... +44 (0) 2476-247295
PRINTED ON RECYCLED PAPER
Petro-Canada Europe Lubricants B.V.

The Manor
Haseley Business Centre
Warwick, Warwickshire
CV35 7LS United Kingdom
(Rev. 05.04)
Phone ...................................... 1-888-284-4572

Fax .......................................... (708) 246-8994
E-mail ...................................... email@petro-canadaamerica.com
*Marque de commerce de Petro-Canada - Trademark.
Beyond todays standards.

Lubricants Handbook

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Outside covers-Canadian 7/25/05 2:17 PM Page 1

Lubricants Handbook - 2005

Canada - West ........................

Petro-Canada America Lubricants Inc.

Visit Petro-Canada on the Internet: www.petro-canada.com

Phone ....................................... +44 (0) 2476-247294

PRINTED ON RECYCLED PAPER

Petro-Canada Europe Lubricants B.V.

Phone ...................................... 1-888-284-4572

*Marque de commerce de Petro-Canada - Trademark.

Beyond todays standards.

Inside covers-Canadian 7/25/05 2:17 PM Page 1

Some companies meet standards. We raise them.

About This Handbook

KINEMATIC VISCOSITY, SAYBOLT UNIVERSAL SECONDS

Petro-Canada uses the patented HT purity process to produce 99.9% pure,

KINEMATIC VISCOSITY, CENTISTOKES (cSt) @ 40C

Petro-Canada is a world-class producer of more than 350 advanced lubricants,

Handbook Canadian 7/25/05 2:24 PM Page ii

PETRO-CANADA QUALITY AND ENVIRONMENT STATEMENT

Handbook Canadian 7/25/05 2:24 PM Page iii

THE PETRO-CANADA LUBRICANTS GUARANTEE

We will repair damaged equipment, or replace

Its more than just a warranty.

LUB 1181 (97.06)

Handbook Canadian 7/25/05 2:24 PM Page A

1. Product, Product Application

8. Fuels & Refinery Products

9. Glossary of Terms and

Handbook Canadian 7/25/05 2:24 PM Page B

Handbook Canadian 7/25/05 2:24 PM Page C

Handbook Canadian 7/25/05 2:24 PM Page D

Handbook Canadian 7/25/05 2:24 PM Page 1

Handbook Canadian 7/25/05 2:24 PM Page 2

INDEX OF PRODUCT NAMES

INDEX OF PRODUCT NAMES:

46, 68, 80, 100

Harmony/Premium HVI 22,

Hydrex* MV 22, 36, 60

Hydrex* XV All Season

Hydraflo EAW 32, 46, 68

Environ* AW 32, 46, 68

Hydraflo ECO 32/Premium

Hydraulic Oil AW 220

Accuflo DM 68, 220

Accuflo TK 68, 220

AUTOMOTIVE GEAR OILS

TRAXON XL Synthetic Blend 75W-90,

SEPRO 150, 220, EP220

SEPRO XL 150, 220, 290

PAPER MACHINE OILS

Handbook Canadian 7/25/05 2:24 PM Page 3

INDEX OF PRODUCT NAMES

COMPRO* 32, 68, 100, 150

COMPRO* XL-S 32, 46, 68, 100, 150

PURITY* FG Heat Transfer Fluid

HEAT TRANSFER FLUIDS

NATURAL GAS ENGINE OILS

SENTRON* 541C, 445, MG-40, 470,

AJT 6000/Turbonycoil 600

TRANSMISSION/DRIVE TRAIN OIL

PRODURO TO-4+ Synthetic All Season

PRODURO TO-4+ XL Synthetic Blend