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Technical Report Final
Technical Report Final
Morses Mill
Morses Mill
Cedick Run
Cedick
Swamp
Lake Pam
I.
Water Budget
a. Table:
Inputs
Precipitation
Qin
GWin
Outputs
Evapotranspiration
Qout
GWout
Change in Storage
Vegetation
Lake Fred
Lake Pam
Kirkwood-Cohansey Aquifer
b. Description:
Richard Stockton College of NJ is in the New Jersey Pine Barrens which is located in
Atlantic County, NJ. The Stockton College Watershed is a part of the Mullica River Basin
Watershed (Mullica River - Great Bay Estuary, 2011). This system of stream and river channels
eventually lead to the Great Bay, and then the Atlantic Ocean. This watershed sits on top of the
Kirkwood-Cohansey Aquifer, which covers about three thousand square miles. This aquifer
receives about forty-four inches of precipitation each year, fifty percent of which goes through
evapotranspiration by vegetation or is evaporated to the atmosphere (Kirkwood-Cohansey
Aquifer, 2014). A small percentage of this precipitation ends up at runoff and goes through rivers
and streams. Of the total amount of precipitation received, about seventeen to twenty inches
enters the ground per year into the aquifer (Kirkwood-Cohansey Aquifer, 2014).
Kirkwood-Cohansey Aquifer
Source: http://nj.usgs.gov/projects/2454C1Q/
Source: http://www.pinelandsalliance.org/ecology/water/streams
riversandwatersheds/pinelandsriversandwatersheds/mullica/
The Stockton College Watershed consists of two lakes, Lake Pam and Lake Fred. Lake
Pam is fed by groundwater (GWin) from the groundwater below and is located next to the Garden
State Parkway (GSP). Lake Fred is a man-made lake that was historically used as for a paper mill
and cranberry bog. It is fed by the streams Morses Mill Stream (Qin) and Cedick Run (Qin).
Cedick Run is fed by a swamp that is called Cedick Swamp. These are all part of the Mullica
River Basin and are primarily fed by this system of stream channels. The significant inputs are
precipitation, Stream discharge (in), and groundwater.
The Stockton College Watershed is covered by about sixty percent forest, which is a mixture
of Pine, Oak, and Maple trees. The species of pine commonly found on campus is Pitch Pine.
The species of oak are Scarlett Oak and White Oak. On the understory, the common species are
low-bush and high-bush blueberries (Plants of the NJ Pine Barrens, 2012). As a result of the
dense forests, a significant amount of the precipitation that falls on the campus goes through
evapotranspiration. Some of the water is also evaporated to the atmosphere. There is a significant
amount of groundwater discharge (GWout) that is used to supply the needs of the student and
faculty, which is a population of more than seven thousand people. Lake Fred discharges into
Morses Mill Stream which then leaves the watershed (Qout). Morses Mill Stream leads to
Morses Mill Lake, which is off campus. This lake turns back into Morses Mill Stream, which
then discharges into Mill Pond. Mill Pond releases into Mattix Run which leads to Nacote Creek
and then Great Bay. As stated previously, the Great Bay lets out into the Atlantic Ocean (Mullica
River - Great Bay Estuary, 2011).
There are several sources of change in storage that occur in the Stockton College Watershed.
The first change in storage, as a result of the high percentage of forests, is vegetation. The second
is a change in storage of Lake Pam, which is affected by groundwater and precipitation. The
third is a change in storage of Lake Fred, which is affected by stream discharge (in and out) and
precipitation. The third is a change in storage in the groundwater, or Kirkwood-Cohansey
Aquifer which is located below the campus.
This is a very complex system of which the Stockton campus is a significant element. The
environmental sector of our college must work together to manage the growing population that is
on campus. There are many sources of water pollution that occur on campus. These range from
physical trash that is littered on campus, as well as oil and chemicals that are mixed into storm
runoff that is discharged into Lake Fred and streams on campus. With the recent news of our
college being turned into a university, it is more crucial than ever to properly manage the
Stockton College Watershed.
II.
MONTH PRECIP (IN) MIN TMP (F) AVG TMP (F) MAX TMP (F)
January
3.22
24.5
33
41.5
February
2.87
26.4
35.3
44.3
March
4.21
32.7
42.2
51.8
April
3.63
41.8
51.7
61.7
May
3.35
51
61.1
71.3
June
3.11
61.2
70.9
80.6
July
3.72
66.9
76.2
85.5
August
4.11
65.2
74.4
83.7
September
3.15
57.4
67.2
77
October
3.42
45.6
56.1
66.6
November
3.27
37.2
46.8
56.3
December
3.69
28.4
37.2
46
III.
Estimates of Evapotranspiration
Month
P(tot) (cm) P(tot) inches
T (avg) F T (avg) C DL
C/5
c/5^1.5
January
5.9436
2.34
36 2.222222
9 0.444444 0.296296
February
12.6238
4.97 34.92857 1.626984
10 0.325397 0.185618
March
12.3952
4.88 39.22581 4.014337
11 0.802867 0.719392
April
6.6294
2.61 51.53333 10.85185
13 2.17037 3.197427
May
7.6708
3.02 60.70968 15.94982
14 3.189964 5.697426
June
20.193
7.95
71 21.66667
15 4.333334 9.020555
July
8.3566
3.29 77.41935 25.23297
16 5.046594 11.33698
August
8.4074
3.31 71.67742 22.04301
14 4.408602 9.256597
September
2.7432
1.08 64.63333 18.12963
12 3.625926 6.904439
October
11.6078
4.57 57.87097 14.37276
11 2.874552 4.87366
November
5.969
2.35 44.48387 6.935484
9 1.387097 1.633654
December
14.9098
5.87 38.54839 3.637993
8 0.727599 0.620637
117.4496
46.24
I=
53.74269
I^2=
2888.277
I^3=
155223.7
a=
Continued:
I
53.7426
53.7426
53.7426
53.7426
53.7426
53.7426
53.7426
53.7426
53.7426
53.7426
53.7426
53.7426
a
1.33408
1.33408
1.33408
1.33408
1.33408
1.33408
1.33408
1.33408
1.33408
1.33408
1.33408
1.33408
N
31
28
31
30
31
30
31
31
30
31
30
31
10*T
22.22222
16.26984
40.14337
108.5185
159.4982
216.6667
252.3297
220.4301
181.2963
143.7276
69.35484
36.37993
0.96199
0.22269
0.10478
1.33408
Forested ET:
Annual PET (in): 28.84648 inches
10T/I
0.413494
0.302736
0.746956
2.019227
2.967817
4.031563
4.695152
4.10159
3.373419
2.67437
1.2905
0.676929
10T/I^a
0.30785
0.203095
0.677588
2.553532
4.268437
6.42318
7.871082
6.57245
5.063933
3.714905
1.405271
0.594198
DL/12
N/30
0.75 1.033333
0.833333 0.933333
0.916667 1.033333
1.083333
1
1.166667 1.033333
1.25
1
1.333333 1.033333
1.166667 1.033333
1
1
0.916667 1.033333
0.75
1
0.666667 1.033333
Forested ET=
PET
0.381731
0.252738
1.026919
4.426126
8.23336
12.8464
17.35144
12.67757
8.102315
5.630154
1.686324
0.654936
73.27001
28.84646
IV.
}
Pitch Pine
(One meter from
1st bucket)
Each bucket
one meter apart
Canopy Interception (Ic) = Gross Precipitation (Pg) Throughfall (Th) Stemflow (Sf)
Gross Precipitation (Pg): 710 mL
Stemflow (Sf): 1% or less (not estimated)
Throughfall (Th):
Bucket
#1
#2
#3
#4
Throughfall (mL)
285 mL
214 mL
195 mL
193 mL
Depth (mm)
1.417
1.064
0.9699
0.9599
Canopy Int
-0.26394
0.08906
0.18316
0.19316
populations in Southern New Jersey have caused faster rates of depletion. The water supply for
the college is located in Galloway, New Jersey. As the campus is renovated and more students
arrive, the groundwater resources could become even more strained. The graph below shows a
visual representation of the depletion of groundwater that has been occurring in the area for the
last thirty years. As the population grows and more forests are cut for residential and industrial
purposes, this could become a cause for concern.
Mannings Equation:
V (ft/s)
= 1.49 /
n *
Rh^2/3
* S^1/2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.69291344
1.49 0.004414741
0.0830247 0.06041523
0.44619424
1.49 0.029306281 0.145261982 0.06041523
0
0
0 0.11085564
0
0
0
0
1.19422576
4.04199488
3.35301848
1.35170608
1.73228352
1.25328088
0
0
0
0
0
1.49
1.49
1.49
1.49
1.49
1.49
0
0
0
0
0
0.005895331
0.002529439
0.003737671
0.010145931
0.006978531
0.008636401
0
0
0.057552324
0.041121458
0.031037634
0.078209938
0.113576193
0.139220872
0.152349648
0.134292044
0.120239874
0.106710889
0.05524984
Stream Discharge:
Tape
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
Velocity (ft/s)
Area (ft^2)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.69291344 0.003583333
0.44619424 0.000944444
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.19422576 0.002527778
4.04199488 0.008555556
3.35301848 0.007097222
1.35170608 0.002861111
1.73228352 0.003666667
1.25328088 0.002652778
0
0
0
0
Average Stream Discharge (cfs):
Q (cfs)
0
0
0
0
0.006066
0.000421
0
0
0
0
0.003019
0.034582
0.023797
0.003867
0.006352
0.003325
0
0
0.005089
0
0
0
0.06041523
0.06041523
0.06041523
0.06041523
0.06041523
0.06041523
0
0
II.
Due to limited time and resources, measurements of Cedick Runs velocity were not able to
be attained. However, there are notable differences in the velocity of Cedick Run compared to
Morses Mill that can be expected. Cedick Run releases from Cedick Swamp, and has very slow
moving water. This leads to the assumption that it would have a relatively low velocity. The
stream that drains Lake Fred, however, has very fast moving water, and the velocity has been
calculated. Due to the visible differences in velocity been the two, I expect that Morses Mills
velocity would be much higher than Cedick Runs velocity.
III.
Stream Morphology
Cross-section of stream
0
20
40
60
80
0
10
20
cm
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
120
140
160
180
10
basic. Factors such as acid deposition and the range for a stream is typically 6 to 9. However, as
is already known, water bodies in the NJ Pine Barrens is much more acidic than other water.
This would explain why our measurement is so acidic (4.16).
11
excess precipitation and lessen soil erosion. With more parking lots needed, an increase in
riparian buffers will be necessary. With all of these recommended BMPs, I believe that Stockton
will be able to double its campus in size.
12
References
Kirkwood-Cohansey Aquifer. (2014). Retrieved December 13, 2014, from
http://www.pinelandsalliance.org/ecology/water/groundwaterandaquifers/kirkwoodcohan
sey/
Missouri Department of Natural Resources. (2013). Retrieved December 10, 2014, from
http://www.dnr.mo.gov/env/esp/waterquality-parameters.htm
Mullica River - Great Bay Estuary. (2011). Retrieved December 11, 2014, from
http://nctc.fws.gov/resources/knowledge-resources/pubs5/web_link/text/mr_gbe.htm
Plants of the NJ Pine Barrens. (2012). Retrieved December 10, 2014, from
http://www.pineypower.com/plants.htm
13